还剩16页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：最新上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典 （上海九年级专用）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
05.状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句精练精析-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典
展开
这是一份05.状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句精练精析-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典，共19页。
第05讲：状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句
考点归纳、真题链接、考前巩固
v 状语从句考点归纳
状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、比较等九种。
状语从句
连词
时间
when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, immediately, the day, no sooner … than, hardly(scarcely)… when, the minute, the second, every(each) time
地点
Where, wherever, everywhere
条件
if, unless, providing/provided that, as(so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if, if only
原因
because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view of the fact that(鉴于)
让步
though, although, even if(though), as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词，for all that, granting/granted, whether … or, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that
比较
as…as, not the same as, not so…as, than
方式
as, as if(though) the way
目的
that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
结果
so that, so… that, such … that, but that
v 状语从句真题精练
1. Simon thought his computer was broken ____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
2. It is almost five years ____ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
3. Roses need special care _____ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
4. _____you call me to say you’re not coming, I'll see you at the theatre.
A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless
5. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
6. Several weeks had gone by__________ I realized the painting was missing.
A. as B. before C. since D. when
7．We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station.
A．whenever B．until C．while D．wherever
8. It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
9. You can eat food free in my restaurant _______you like.
A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
10. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses _________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A. because B. through C. unless D. if
11．Generally speaking , according to the directions , the drug has no side effect .
A．when taking B．when taken C．when to take D．when to be taken
12.Come and see me whenever_____.
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you
13. You should make it a rule to leave things＿＿＿＿＿you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
14. After the war, a new school building was put up ____there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
15. Why do you want a new job_____ you've got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
16. John plays football ______ , if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
17. We'll have to finish the job,___________.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
18. ____________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. 【NMET】
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
19. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. Whatever
20. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ,______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
21. Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed.
A．unless B．since C．although D．when
22. Someone called up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
23．—Dad , I’ve finished my assignment .
—Good , and you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me .
A．whenever B．whether C．whatever D．no matter
【答案与解析】
1. A该题是根据交际情景考查连词的用法。据题意：西蒙认为他的计算机坏了，一直到他弟弟指出他忘了开机。得知选until意为：到…为止。
2. B 该题是根据交际情景考查连词的用法。“It is +时间+since…”意为“自……多少时间了”是固定句型。句意：自从上次我们见面已有五年了。
3．B 该题考查从属连词引导目的状语从句的用法。根据语境此处是表示目的因此选择B. so that。句意：玫瑰花需要特别的护理，才能过冬。
4. D该题根据交际情景考查从属连词引导条件状语从句的用法。从逻辑关系看say you' re not coming是see you的条件。假设关系。句意：除非你打电话说你不来了，我就要在剧院见你。
5. A 该题考查where引导的地点状语从句的用法。句意：她的裤子在她擦手的地方有脏点。
6. B 该题根据交际情景考查丛属连词引导时间状语从句的用法。关键是主句的时态是过去完成时，表示过去只过去。因此此处选择before指“在…时间之前”。句意：我意识到油画丢了时，已经过去了好几个星期了。
7．B该题根据交际情景考查引导状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意：有人告诉我们说我们应当沿大路一直走直到走到中心火车站为止。应当选择until。
8. D该题考查时间状语从句的用法。据题意it是代词，代替时间，故选before。句意：我们还没到温彻斯特城天就黑了。
9. A 该题考查时间状语从句的用法。关键词food free in my restaurant，有地点、方式和事物因此，此处选择时间。句意：无论你愿什么时候来我的饭馆里吃饭，都免费。
10. A考查装语从句的用法。整个句子的前后两部分为因果关系，因此，A正确。句意：父母应该认真对待孩子对太阳镜的要求，因为，在有阳光的天气里太阳镜是必需的。
11.B 考查状语从句，当状语从句的主语如果与从句的主语相同，并有助动词be时，可以省略主语与be。B为正确答案。
12.C该题考查交际情景中动词时态和形容词convenient的使用。在whenever引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时态，不能用将来时态，convenient意为：便利的, 方便的。指的是某物或者是某事对某人来说很方便，主语不能是人。故选C。题意：你什么时候方便，什么时候来看我。
13.B该题考查where引导地点状语从句的用法。句意：你应当养成习惯，将东西放在你能找到的地方。
14.B 该题考查where引导的地点状语从句的用法。句子的题干中没有先行词，故是由where引导的地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”，相当于一个介词或副词短语作用。句意:战后，在以前的剧院处建了一所新学校。
15.D该题考查when引导的状语从句的用法。When除了作“当...时”讲，还有其他意思，例如：“如果； 然而; 既然；考虑到;”讲。据题意，句中的when作“既然”讲。句意：既然已经有了一份这样好的工作，为什么还要找新工作？又如：Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料, 为什么还要用木料?
16.B 该题考查比较状语从句的用法。该题的最大的干扰是if not better than，如果将其去掉就很容易看出这是由as…as引导的同级比较状语从句。句意：如果说John的足球踢的不比David好，至少和他踢的一样好。
17.D 该题考查由however引导的让步状语从句语序的用法。状语从句应用陈述句语序，即“however + 形容词/副词+主谓结构”。句意：不管需要多长时间，我们都一定完成这项工作。
18.D该题考查由however引导的让步状语从句语序的用法。状语从句应当用陈述句语序。即 “however + 形容词/副词+主谓结构。”句意：不论他多晚回家，他母亲都会等他一起用餐。
19.C 该题考查由“wh-词+ever”引导的让步状语从句的用法。该题的关键词是great，因其是形容词，故选however，whatever后面多接名词。“wh-词+ever”强调任意性，泛指；“wh-词”强调特指。句意：如果我们在工作中有坚强的意志，不管有多大困难，我们都能克服。
20.C该题考查由so that引导目的状语从句的用法。so that 相当于 in order that，要根据逻辑推理he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.是前一句的目的,故用so that 引导目的状语从句。句意：John 把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。
21.D 该题考查when引导的状语从句的用法。据题意：如果你需要时别不敢求援。得知此处是由when引导的状语从句，在这里when既表示时间还表示条件，此处when含有if的意思。When还有“如果；虽然， 然而；既然；考虑到”之意。
22.D该题考查由before引导时间状语从句的用法。题意：有人半夜给我打电话，但是我还没来得及接他们就挂断了。用before引导时间状语从句强调挂断在接电话之前发生。
23.B 考查whether引导的状语从句。句意：“爸爸，我已经做完作业了。”“好，你不论是玩还是看电视，你绝对不能打扰我。”
v 名词性从句考点归纳
在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。
一、主语从句(subject clauses)
在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。
1、 从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。
从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。
Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。
2、 it作形式主语引导主语从句。
如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。
用作it作形式主语的结构：
① It is/was +形容词+that 从句
It’s natural that… 很自然…… It’s obvious that … 显而易见……
It’s fortunate that … 幸运的是 It’s (im)possible…（不）可能……
It’s unlikely that… 不可能 It’s strange that…奇怪的是……
② It is/was +名词+that 从句
It’s a pity that… 遗憾的是…… It’s a fact that …事实是……
It’s good news that…是好消息…… It’s a wonder that…不足为奇……
It’s an honour that… 非常荣幸…… It’s a shame that…真是可耻……
It’s common knowledge that … 是常识…
③ It +不及物动词+that 从句
It seems that… 似乎…… It happened that…碰巧……
It appears that…看来…… It turns out that…结果……
④ It is/was +过去分词+that 从句
It’s not known that… ……不得而知 It’s said that… 据说……
It’s reported that… 据报道…… It’s decided that…尚未决定
It’s believed that… 据认为…… It’s announced that…据宣布……
It suddenly struck me (occur to me that… 我突然想到（感觉到）……
⑤ 其他
It doesn’t matter … 是无关紧要的
It makes no difference …毫无区别……
It is of little consequence that…无关紧要
2、 由连接代词引导的主语从句。
（1） 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。
What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。
（2）what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件事情，这种用法的what称为关系代词型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。
What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。
Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。
3、连接副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。
Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。
二、表语从句
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。
2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。
The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。
The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。
3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所担心的。
4、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
三、同位语从句
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。
1、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。
I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。
2、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。
You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
3、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
4、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
（1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。
The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句)
The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句)
（2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。
The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语)
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)
（3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。
Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)
（4） 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。
He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）
I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）
四、宾语从句(object clauses)
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
1、作动词宾语
（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。
I think (that) he'll be right in a few days. 我认为他几天后就会好的。
I wish （that） she would understand me.我希望她理解我。
（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．计算机只能按人的指令去做。
Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗？
（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。
关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。
Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我们将在哪里开会。
（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在乡下女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意帮我。
注意：whether 和if的区别，请参考概述部分。
（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me不可省略)
She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答应以后给我们更多的帮助。(us可省略)
2、作介词宾语
It depends on whether he is coming or not. 这要看他是否会来。
I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。
注意：that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except,besides等少数介词后作宾语，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。
3、 作形容词宾语。
that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。
I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。
I'm sorry (that) you're ill. 你病了，我很难过。
4、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语---宾语从句后置。
正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：
（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。
She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone．她认为他不接电话是不对的。
（2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。
I like it that everyone passed the exam．都通过了考试我很喜欢。
v 名词性从句真题精练
1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
3. The road is covered with snow. I can't under stand ______they insist on going by motor-bike.
A. why B. whether C. when D. how
4. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
5. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
7. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’6s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
7. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
8. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
9. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
10. The Foreign Minister said, “_______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is
C. That is D. It is
11. We cannot figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
12．It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today .
A．that B．when C．what D．how
13．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions
need .
A．that …to be improved B．which …to be improved
C．where…improving D．when…improving
14.There’s a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
15. be sent to work there?
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
16. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
17. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
18. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
19. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
20. It is generally considered unwise to give a child___________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. Whenever
21. —Do you remember ______ he came?
—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
22. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
23. _______we can't get seems better than we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
245. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
25. －－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that______ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
【答案与解析】
1. C 该题是考查宾语从句中形式宾语的用法。在enjoy, hate, like, love等表示“喜怒哀乐”的词和take等此后若跟宾语从句需用形式宾语it，把真正的宾语放后。题意：我喜欢秋天晴朗明亮的天气。又如：I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full．（） A ．it B．that C．those D．them
2. B 该题是考查名词性从句中的表语从句的用法。据题意：你一直说人人平等，这就是我不能苟同之处。此处是指的everyone should be equal这句话这一点，我不能苟同。故选where。
3. A 该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的用法。根据前面“路为雪覆盖”和后面“他们骑摩托”得知此处应当是因果关系，故选择why。表示我不解的原因。句意：路上都是雪。我不明白他们为什么坚持骑摩托车去。
4. C 该题考查名词性从句。关联词在宾语从句中作宾语，故选what。句意：我认为父亲想知道我迄今在忙什么；因此我决定给他寄一个快笺。
5. B该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的用法。it是形式主语，后面是主语从句因此用陈述句语序。选择B最佳。句意：我一直诚实坦率，我和谁说话并不重要。
6. B该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的引导词的用法。关键词是important需要副词how修饰。由how important引导宾语从句。句意：要教会父母懂得教育对孩子的未来是多么重要。
7. A该题根据交际情景考查名词性的用法。根据题目此处作in的介词宾语，在从句中作主语故选what。句意：在10年前还是废墟的地方，一座现代化的城市拔地而起。
8. B 考查名词性从句的用法。这是一个复杂句，首先是一个由after引导的时间状语从句，在主句中又包含一个主语从句，引导词在主语从句中作宾语，因此，用what。句意：杨利伟成功环绕地球后，我们的宇航员期望的是太空漫步。
9. D 考查名词性从句的用法。本句是一个含有同位语从句的句子，story与that从句是一种同位关系，也就是说，that从句说明story的内容，因此D正确。
10. D 该题考查主语从句中形式主语的用法。为了保持句子结构平衡，用形式主语it代替，把真正主语放在句子后面。句意：那位外长说：“我们希望双方向好的方向努力。”
11. C 该题考查名词性从句中引导词的用法。据题意：我没想不出为什么大量的昆虫、鸟和动物濒临灭绝。此处是表示原因。
12.C 考查名词性从句，It在句中作形式主语代替后面的主语从句，在主语从句中又缺少主语，应选择连接代词，既起连接作用，又担当句子成分，因此选择C。句意：现在已相当清楚是什么在控制着二氧化碳初入大气的流动。
13.A 考查名词性从句与动词need。a new problem与road conditions need…是一种同位关系；improve与road condition之间是一个动宾关系，因此need如果后接不定式应用被动语态，如接动名词应用主动形式表示被动的意思，A为正确答案。
14.A 考查名词性从句，在此句中从句与feeling形成一种同位关系，说明feeling所包含的内容，that为正确答案。
15.A 考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法，从以下两点来考虑（1）suggest后接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，动词用原形或should+动词原形（2）suggest后接宾语从句，其疑问和否定形式前移到主句。
16.A 考查名词性从句，That’s后面的部分是一个表语从句，所选择的连接词在表语从句中作宾语，因此选择连接代词what。
17.C 考查虚拟语气在宾语从句的运用。Imagine的宾语从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。
18.B. 考查名词性从句连接词的用法。information与that more middle school graduates will be admitted into the universities是一种同位关系，后者说明前者所包含的内容与信息。that只起连接作用，不能省略。
19．C 该题考宾语从句连接词的用法。从题干中“to do”后缺宾语来判断，所填的词一定同时满足两个条件：①引导宾语从句（作“can only do”的宾语）；②本身充当“to do”后的宾语，所以用what。句意：计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。
20． B 该题考查由whatever引导的宾语从句的用法。该题的关键词是give 和want，give要接双宾语，所以从句是宾语从句，从宾语从句want看需要宾语，故选whatever。Whatever强调任意性，泛指；what强调特指。句意：普遍认为，孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。
21． A该题考宾语从句连接词的用法。该题的关键词是答语中的by car，从此判断是对来的方式的提问，故用how 引导。句意：“你记得他怎么来的么？”“记得，他开车来的。”
22． B该题考查名词性从句的用法。该题的关键是depend on （取决于）说明是表示选择，故用whether引导主语从句。句意：我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。
23．A该题考查名词性从句的用法。从题干看，两个空中所给之词分别作get和have的宾语，故都必须用what来引导。what和that 引导名词性从句的根本区别，what做成份而that只起到引导词的作用，不作成份。句意：我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
24． D该题考查名词性从句的用法。It是形式主语，真正主语放到后面(It’s + 名词 +that…)以保持句子结构平衡。使用形式主语的情况还有：It’s + 过去分词+ that…; It’s +形容词 + that…; It happens/seems/appears that…。句意：事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。
25．A该题考查名词性从句的用法。why引导的表语从句是说明had a few days off的原因。句意：“我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了。”“这就是你请了几天假的原因吗？”
v 定语从句真题精炼
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _________five are mine.
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which
4. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
5. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
6. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
7．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad.
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
8. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, , of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
10. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
11. ____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
12. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
13．I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay .
A．why B．which C．as D．where
14. York, ____last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
15.Alec asked the policeman he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
16. We will be shown around the city, museum, and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
17. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
18. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
19. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. what
20. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course, made the others unhappy.
A．who B．which C．this D．what
21. Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
22. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
23. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
【答案与解析】
1. C该题考查定语从句的用法。此处关系词在定语从句中作visited的宾语故选that。句意：你还记得三个月前我们去参观的养鸡场么？
2. A该题是根据交际情景中考查定语从句的用法。根据定语从句和现行词的关系选择适当的介词，还原定语从句the sailing time of the journey was 226 days.得知是从属关系，故选A.句意：环球旅行用了这位老水手9个月的时间，其中航海的时间是226天。
3. C 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句的用法。选择正确的介词，首先确定定语从句的先行词是eleven books，在看它和定语从句的关系five of eleven books are mine,是从属关系，故选C。句意：书架上有十一本书，其中五本是我的。
4．D 该题考查定语从句的用法。由as引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，可以放在句首、句中或句尾；which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子只能放在句尾。句意：像以往一样，我们已经制订出了生产计划。
5. D 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句的用法。在定语从句中关系词应当作tell的宾语，故选which。句意：反正那天晚上我最后在雷切尔那里停留了，关于那天晚上的事我以后再和你细说。
6. C 该题考查定语从句的关系词的使用。关键是对business一词的理解，business意为：商店；商行。关系词在定语从句中作状语，故选where。句意：我在一家商行工作几乎每个人都在等待时机。
7．A该提示根据交际情景考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。两部分有逗号无连词，由此判断是定语从句，因此选择A。句意：这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，百分之八十的用于出口。
8. D 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。根据句意得知是which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子。句意：海伦对她的小儿子比对其他孩子要好得多，这当然是其他孩子妒忌他了。
9. D 考查定语从句的用法。先行词为someone表示人，关系代词作介词with的宾语，talk with somebody“与……交谈”，可以将介词放在关系代词前，因此，选D。句意：美国妇女通常把最好的朋友看成能经常在一起聊天的人。
10.D 该题考查定语从句的用法。real name和 George Orwell的关系是从属关系，故选whose引导定语从句。句意：乔治．奥韦尔真名叫埃里克．亚瑟写了很多政治题材的小说与论文。
11. B 该题考查as引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子的用法。句意：据报纸报道，那两个国家的谈判正在进展。
12．C 该题是考查介词+ 关系代词引导定语从句的用法。关键是介词的选择，还原定语从句my students acted in the play at the New Year's party，据此应选介词in。句意：我的学生在新年晚会上演的英语剧很成功。
13.D 考查定语从句，case意思是“情形、环境”，其在定语从句中只能作状语，因此选择关系副词where。句意：我可以想出很多学生明显知道单词语短语但不能写出好论文的情况。
14．B 该题考查定语从句的用法。先行词York后面有逗号，故后面是非限制性定语从句不能选that,在定语从句中关系代词做动词visited 的宾语，因此该题选择答案B。题意：去年我访问过纽约，纽约是一个美丽的古城。
15.C 考查定语从句。he worked 是一个由with+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：Alec要求和他一起工作的警察无论什么时候出现事故都和他联系。
16．C该题考查定语从句关系词的用法。该题的现行词是some other places，从定语从句可以看出该词在句中作状语,因此选C. where。有人将领我们参观这座城市，如学校、博 物馆以及一些别的游客很少去的地方。
17.A 考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句是一个主系表结构，situation在定语从句中只能用作地点状语。因此选择关系副词where。
18. C该题考查定语从句的用法。解本题的关键是要先找准先行词“the hours”，然后理解关系副词“when”本身在其引导的定语从句中充当时间状语。因为动词+ 副词短语接宾语时可以放在动词与副词之间也可以放在副词后面，该题可以改为下列语序The film brought back the hours _______I was taken good care of in that far-away village to me这样就一目了然。句意：这部电影把我带到在那遥远的村庄我受到呵护的时光。
19. B该题考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。在关系代词as引导的定语从句中，as指代整个句子（即没有具体的先行词），as的意思是“正如、就像”，从句可置于句前、句尾或句中（较灵活）。句意：众所周知，月球围绕地球转。
20. B该题考查which引导非限制性定语从句。该题主从句之间有逗号因此是非限制性定语从句，which 引导的定语从句修饰整个主句，指代前面这件事。题中的of course 起到干扰作用。句意：Dorothy总是高度地评价她在剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。
21. D该题考查which引导非限制性定语从句。该题主从句之间有逗号因此是非限制性定语从句，which 引导的定语从句修饰整个主句，指代前面这件事。it不可引导从句；that不可引导非限制性定语从句；when不合题意。句意：卡罗说十月份要完成这项工作，我个人对此十分怀疑。
22. B该题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是the small town地点的名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语， 故用关系副词where引导的定语从句。句意：在巴黎住了50年后，他回到了孩提时代生长过的小城镇。
23. B 该题考查which引导的定语从句的用法。该题主从句之间有逗号，因此是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰整个主句。句意：结果是天气很好，这比我们预料的好得多。
第05讲：状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句
考点归纳、真题链接、考前巩固
v 状语从句考点归纳
状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、比较等九种。
状语从句
连词
时间
when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, immediately, the day, no sooner … than, hardly(scarcely)… when, the minute, the second, every(each) time
地点
Where, wherever, everywhere
条件
if, unless, providing/provided that, as(so) long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if, if only
原因
because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view of the fact that(鉴于)
让步
though, although, even if(though), as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词，for all that, granting/granted, whether … or, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that
比较
as…as, not the same as, not so…as, than
方式
as, as if(though) the way
目的
that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
结果
so that, so… that, such … that, but that
v 状语从句真题精练
1. Simon thought his computer was broken ____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on.
A. until B. unless C. after D. because
2. It is almost five years ____ we saw each other last time.
A. before B. since C. after D. when
3. Roses need special care _____ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
4. _____you call me to say you’re not coming, I'll see you at the theatre.
A. Though B. Whether C. Until D. Unless
5. There were dirty marks on her trousers ______ she had wiped her hands.
A. where B. which C. when D. that
6. Several weeks had gone by__________ I realized the painting was missing.
A. as B. before C. since D. when
7．We were told that we should follow the main road we reached the central railway station.
A．whenever B．until C．while D．wherever
8. It was evening we reached the little town of Winchester.
A. that B. until C. since D. before
9. You can eat food free in my restaurant _______you like.
A. whenever B. wherever C. whatever D. however
10. Parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses _________ eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
A. because B. through C. unless D. if
11．Generally speaking , according to the directions , the drug has no side effect .
A．when taking B．when taken C．when to take D．when to be taken
12.Come and see me whenever_____.
A. you are convenient B. you will be convenient
C. it is convenient to you D. it will be convenient to you
13. You should make it a rule to leave things＿＿＿＿＿you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
14. After the war, a new school building was put up ____there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
15. Why do you want a new job_____ you've got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
16. John plays football ______ , if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
17. We'll have to finish the job,___________.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
18. ____________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together. 【NMET】
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
19. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. Whatever
20. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ,______ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
21. Don’t be afraid of asking for help it is needed.
A．unless B．since C．although D．when
22. Someone called up in the middle of the night, but they hung up ______ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
23．—Dad , I’ve finished my assignment .
—Good , and you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me .
A．whenever B．whether C．whatever D．no matter
【答案与解析】
1. A该题是根据交际情景考查连词的用法。据题意：西蒙认为他的计算机坏了，一直到他弟弟指出他忘了开机。得知选until意为：到…为止。
2. B 该题是根据交际情景考查连词的用法。“It is +时间+since…”意为“自……多少时间了”是固定句型。句意：自从上次我们见面已有五年了。
3．B 该题考查从属连词引导目的状语从句的用法。根据语境此处是表示目的因此选择B. so that。句意：玫瑰花需要特别的护理，才能过冬。
4. D该题根据交际情景考查从属连词引导条件状语从句的用法。从逻辑关系看say you' re not coming是see you的条件。假设关系。句意：除非你打电话说你不来了，我就要在剧院见你。
5. A 该题考查where引导的地点状语从句的用法。句意：她的裤子在她擦手的地方有脏点。
6. B 该题根据交际情景考查丛属连词引导时间状语从句的用法。关键是主句的时态是过去完成时，表示过去只过去。因此此处选择before指“在…时间之前”。句意：我意识到油画丢了时，已经过去了好几个星期了。
7．B该题根据交际情景考查引导状语从句的连词的用法。根据句意：有人告诉我们说我们应当沿大路一直走直到走到中心火车站为止。应当选择until。
8. D该题考查时间状语从句的用法。据题意it是代词，代替时间，故选before。句意：我们还没到温彻斯特城天就黑了。
9. A 该题考查时间状语从句的用法。关键词food free in my restaurant，有地点、方式和事物因此，此处选择时间。句意：无论你愿什么时候来我的饭馆里吃饭，都免费。
10. A考查装语从句的用法。整个句子的前后两部分为因果关系，因此，A正确。句意：父母应该认真对待孩子对太阳镜的要求，因为，在有阳光的天气里太阳镜是必需的。
11.B 考查状语从句，当状语从句的主语如果与从句的主语相同，并有助动词be时，可以省略主语与be。B为正确答案。
12.C该题考查交际情景中动词时态和形容词convenient的使用。在whenever引导的时间状语从句中要用一般现在时态，不能用将来时态，convenient意为：便利的, 方便的。指的是某物或者是某事对某人来说很方便，主语不能是人。故选C。题意：你什么时候方便，什么时候来看我。
13.B该题考查where引导地点状语从句的用法。句意：你应当养成习惯，将东西放在你能找到的地方。
14.B 该题考查where引导的地点状语从句的用法。句子的题干中没有先行词，故是由where引导的地点状语从句，意为“在……地方”，相当于一个介词或副词短语作用。句意:战后，在以前的剧院处建了一所新学校。
15.D该题考查when引导的状语从句的用法。When除了作“当...时”讲，还有其他意思，例如：“如果； 然而; 既然；考虑到;”讲。据题意，句中的when作“既然”讲。句意：既然已经有了一份这样好的工作，为什么还要找新工作？又如：Why use wood when you can use plastic? 既然能用塑料, 为什么还要用木料?
16.B 该题考查比较状语从句的用法。该题的最大的干扰是if not better than，如果将其去掉就很容易看出这是由as…as引导的同级比较状语从句。句意：如果说John的足球踢的不比David好，至少和他踢的一样好。
17.D 该题考查由however引导的让步状语从句语序的用法。状语从句应用陈述句语序，即“however + 形容词/副词+主谓结构”。句意：不管需要多长时间，我们都一定完成这项工作。
18.D该题考查由however引导的让步状语从句语序的用法。状语从句应当用陈述句语序。即 “however + 形容词/副词+主谓结构。”句意：不论他多晚回家，他母亲都会等他一起用餐。
19.C 该题考查由“wh-词+ever”引导的让步状语从句的用法。该题的关键词是great，因其是形容词，故选however，whatever后面多接名词。“wh-词+ever”强调任意性，泛指；“wh-词”强调特指。句意：如果我们在工作中有坚强的意志，不管有多大困难，我们都能克服。
20.C该题考查由so that引导目的状语从句的用法。so that 相当于 in order that，要根据逻辑推理he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.是前一句的目的,故用so that 引导目的状语从句。句意：John 把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。
21.D 该题考查when引导的状语从句的用法。据题意：如果你需要时别不敢求援。得知此处是由when引导的状语从句，在这里when既表示时间还表示条件，此处when含有if的意思。When还有“如果；虽然， 然而；既然；考虑到”之意。
22.D该题考查由before引导时间状语从句的用法。题意：有人半夜给我打电话，但是我还没来得及接他们就挂断了。用before引导时间状语从句强调挂断在接电话之前发生。
23.B 考查whether引导的状语从句。句意：“爸爸，我已经做完作业了。”“好，你不论是玩还是看电视，你绝对不能打扰我。”
v 名词性从句考点归纳
在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。
一、主语从句(subject clauses)
在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。
1、 从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。
从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。
Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。
2、 it作形式主语引导主语从句。
如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。
用作it作形式主语的结构：
① It is/was +形容词+that 从句
It’s natural that… 很自然…… It’s obvious that … 显而易见……
It’s fortunate that … 幸运的是 It’s (im)possible…（不）可能……
It’s unlikely that… 不可能 It’s strange that…奇怪的是……
② It is/was +名词+that 从句
It’s a pity that… 遗憾的是…… It’s a fact that …事实是……
It’s good news that…是好消息…… It’s a wonder that…不足为奇……
It’s an honour that… 非常荣幸…… It’s a shame that…真是可耻……
It’s common knowledge that … 是常识…
③ It +不及物动词+that 从句
It seems that… 似乎…… It happened that…碰巧……
It appears that…看来…… It turns out that…结果……
④ It is/was +过去分词+that 从句
It’s not known that… ……不得而知 It’s said that… 据说……
It’s reported that… 据报道…… It’s decided that…尚未决定
It’s believed that… 据认为…… It’s announced that…据宣布……
It suddenly struck me (occur to me that… 我突然想到（感觉到）……
⑤ 其他
It doesn’t matter … 是无关紧要的
It makes no difference …毫无区别……
It is of little consequence that…无关紧要
2、 由连接代词引导的主语从句。
（1） 连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。
What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。
（2）what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件事情，这种用法的what称为关系代词型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。
What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。
Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。
3、连接副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。
Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。
二、表语从句
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。
2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。
The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。
The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。
3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所担心的。
4、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
三、同位语从句
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。
1、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。
I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。
2、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。
You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
3、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
4、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
（1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。
The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句)
The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句)
（2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。
The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about的宾语)
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)
（3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。
Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)
（4） 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。
He expressed the hope that he would write a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）
I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）
四、宾语从句(object clauses)
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
1、作动词宾语
（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。
I think (that) he'll be right in a few days. 我认为他几天后就会好的。
I wish （that） she would understand me.我希望她理解我。
（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．计算机只能按人的指令去做。
Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗？
（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。
关系副词 when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。
Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我们将在哪里开会。
（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在乡下女儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意帮我。
注意：whether 和if的区别，请参考概述部分。
（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me不可省略)
She promised (us) that she would give us more help later on.她答应以后给我们更多的帮助。(us可省略)
2、作介词宾语
It depends on whether he is coming or not. 这要看他是否会来。
I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。
注意：that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except,besides等少数介词后作宾语，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。
3、 作形容词宾语。
that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。
I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。
I'm sorry (that) you're ill. 你病了，我很难过。
4、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语---宾语从句后置。
正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：
（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。
She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone．她认为他不接电话是不对的。
（2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语 it。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。
I like it that everyone passed the exam．都通过了考试我很喜欢。
v 名词性从句真题精练
1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
3. The road is covered with snow. I can't under stand ______they insist on going by motor-bike.
A. why B. whether C. when D. how
4. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note.
A. which B. why C. what D. how
5. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to.
A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom
7. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’6s future.
A. that B. how C. such D. so
7. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
8. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A. where B. what C. that D. how
9. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A. when B. where C. what D. that
10. The Foreign Minister said, “_______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A. This is B. There is
C. That is D. It is
11. We cannot figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
12．It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today .
A．that B．when C．what D．how
13．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions
need .
A．that …to be improved B．which …to be improved
C．where…improving D．when…improving
14.There’s a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
15. be sent to work there?
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should D. Do you suggest whom should
16. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
17. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
18. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
19. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
20. It is generally considered unwise to give a child___________ he or she wants.
A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. Whenever
21. —Do you remember ______ he came?
—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. how B. when C. that D. if
22. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where
23. _______we can't get seems better than we have.
A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what
245. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
25. －－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that______ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
【答案与解析】
1. C 该题是考查宾语从句中形式宾语的用法。在enjoy, hate, like, love等表示“喜怒哀乐”的词和take等此后若跟宾语从句需用形式宾语it，把真正的宾语放后。题意：我喜欢秋天晴朗明亮的天气。又如：I hate ________ when people talk with their mouths full．（） A ．it B．that C．those D．them
2. B 该题是考查名词性从句中的表语从句的用法。据题意：你一直说人人平等，这就是我不能苟同之处。此处是指的everyone should be equal这句话这一点，我不能苟同。故选where。
3. A 该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的用法。根据前面“路为雪覆盖”和后面“他们骑摩托”得知此处应当是因果关系，故选择why。表示我不解的原因。句意：路上都是雪。我不明白他们为什么坚持骑摩托车去。
4. C 该题考查名词性从句。关联词在宾语从句中作宾语，故选what。句意：我认为父亲想知道我迄今在忙什么；因此我决定给他寄一个快笺。
5. B该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的用法。it是形式主语，后面是主语从句因此用陈述句语序。选择B最佳。句意：我一直诚实坦率，我和谁说话并不重要。
6. B该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的引导词的用法。关键词是important需要副词how修饰。由how important引导宾语从句。句意：要教会父母懂得教育对孩子的未来是多么重要。
7. A该题根据交际情景考查名词性的用法。根据题目此处作in的介词宾语，在从句中作主语故选what。句意：在10年前还是废墟的地方，一座现代化的城市拔地而起。
8. B 考查名词性从句的用法。这是一个复杂句，首先是一个由after引导的时间状语从句，在主句中又包含一个主语从句，引导词在主语从句中作宾语，因此，用what。句意：杨利伟成功环绕地球后，我们的宇航员期望的是太空漫步。
9. D 考查名词性从句的用法。本句是一个含有同位语从句的句子，story与that从句是一种同位关系，也就是说，that从句说明story的内容，因此D正确。
10. D 该题考查主语从句中形式主语的用法。为了保持句子结构平衡，用形式主语it代替，把真正主语放在句子后面。句意：那位外长说：“我们希望双方向好的方向努力。”
11. C 该题考查名词性从句中引导词的用法。据题意：我没想不出为什么大量的昆虫、鸟和动物濒临灭绝。此处是表示原因。
12.C 考查名词性从句，It在句中作形式主语代替后面的主语从句，在主语从句中又缺少主语，应选择连接代词，既起连接作用，又担当句子成分，因此选择C。句意：现在已相当清楚是什么在控制着二氧化碳初入大气的流动。
13.A 考查名词性从句与动词need。a new problem与road conditions need…是一种同位关系；improve与road condition之间是一个动宾关系，因此need如果后接不定式应用被动语态，如接动名词应用主动形式表示被动的意思，A为正确答案。
14.A 考查名词性从句，在此句中从句与feeling形成一种同位关系，说明feeling所包含的内容，that为正确答案。
15.A 考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法，从以下两点来考虑（1）suggest后接的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，动词用原形或should+动词原形（2）suggest后接宾语从句，其疑问和否定形式前移到主句。
16.A 考查名词性从句，That’s后面的部分是一个表语从句，所选择的连接词在表语从句中作宾语，因此选择连接代词what。
17.C 考查虚拟语气在宾语从句的运用。Imagine的宾语从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。
18.B. 考查名词性从句连接词的用法。information与that more middle school graduates will be admitted into the universities是一种同位关系，后者说明前者所包含的内容与信息。that只起连接作用，不能省略。
19．C 该题考宾语从句连接词的用法。从题干中“to do”后缺宾语来判断，所填的词一定同时满足两个条件：①引导宾语从句（作“can only do”的宾语）；②本身充当“to do”后的宾语，所以用what。句意：计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。
20． B 该题考查由whatever引导的宾语从句的用法。该题的关键词是give 和want，give要接双宾语，所以从句是宾语从句，从宾语从句want看需要宾语，故选whatever。Whatever强调任意性，泛指；what强调特指。句意：普遍认为，孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。
21． A该题考宾语从句连接词的用法。该题的关键词是答语中的by car，从此判断是对来的方式的提问，故用how 引导。句意：“你记得他怎么来的么？”“记得，他开车来的。”
22． B该题考查名词性从句的用法。该题的关键是depend on （取决于）说明是表示选择，故用whether引导主语从句。句意：我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。
23．A该题考查名词性从句的用法。从题干看，两个空中所给之词分别作get和have的宾语，故都必须用what来引导。what和that 引导名词性从句的根本区别，what做成份而that只起到引导词的作用，不作成份。句意：我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
24． D该题考查名词性从句的用法。It是形式主语，真正主语放到后面(It’s + 名词 +that…)以保持句子结构平衡。使用形式主语的情况还有：It’s + 过去分词+ that…; It’s +形容词 + that…; It happens/seems/appears that…。句意：事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。
25．A该题考查名词性从句的用法。why引导的表语从句是说明had a few days off的原因。句意：“我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了。”“这就是你请了几天假的原因吗？”
v 定语从句真题精炼
1. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?
A. where B. when C. that D. what
2. The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
3. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _________five are mine.
A. on which B. in which C. of which D. from which
4. ________ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
5. Anyway, that evening, ____ I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which
6. I work in a business _________ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
7．The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% are sold abroad.
A．of which B．which of C．of them D．of that
8. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, , of course, made the others envy him.
A. who B. that C. what D. which
9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
10. George Orwell, ____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.
A. the real name B. what his real name
C. his real name D. whose real name
11. ____ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
12. The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
13．I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay .
A．why B．which C．as D．where
14. York, ____last year, is a nice old city.
A. that I visited B. which I visited
C. where I visited D. in which I visited
15.Alec asked the policeman he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
A. with him B. who C. with whom D. whom
16. We will be shown around the city, museum, and some other places, ______ other visitors seldom go.
A. what B. which C. where D. when
17. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation he is likely to lose control over the plane.
A. where B. which C. while D. why
18. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.
A. until B. that C. when D. where
19. _____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.
A. It B. As C. That D. what
20. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ________,of course, made the others unhappy.
A．who B．which C．this D．what
21. Carol said the work would be done by October，_____personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
22. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
23. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
【答案与解析】
1. C该题考查定语从句的用法。此处关系词在定语从句中作visited的宾语故选that。句意：你还记得三个月前我们去参观的养鸡场么？
2. A该题是根据交际情景中考查定语从句的用法。根据定语从句和现行词的关系选择适当的介词，还原定语从句the sailing time of the journey was 226 days.得知是从属关系，故选A.句意：环球旅行用了这位老水手9个月的时间，其中航海的时间是226天。
3. C 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句的用法。选择正确的介词，首先确定定语从句的先行词是eleven books，在看它和定语从句的关系five of eleven books are mine,是从属关系，故选C。句意：书架上有十一本书，其中五本是我的。
4．D 该题考查定语从句的用法。由as引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，可以放在句首、句中或句尾；which引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子只能放在句尾。句意：像以往一样，我们已经制订出了生产计划。
5. D 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句的用法。在定语从句中关系词应当作tell的宾语，故选which。句意：反正那天晚上我最后在雷切尔那里停留了，关于那天晚上的事我以后再和你细说。
6. C 该题考查定语从句的关系词的使用。关键是对business一词的理解，business意为：商店；商行。关系词在定语从句中作状语，故选where。句意：我在一家商行工作几乎每个人都在等待时机。
7．A该提示根据交际情景考查“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法。两部分有逗号无连词，由此判断是定语从句，因此选择A。句意：这家工厂每年生产50万双鞋，百分之八十的用于出口。
8. D 该题根据交际情景考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。根据句意得知是which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子。句意：海伦对她的小儿子比对其他孩子要好得多，这当然是其他孩子妒忌他了。
9. D 考查定语从句的用法。先行词为someone表示人，关系代词作介词with的宾语，talk with somebody“与……交谈”，可以将介词放在关系代词前，因此，选D。句意：美国妇女通常把最好的朋友看成能经常在一起聊天的人。
10.D 该题考查定语从句的用法。real name和 George Orwell的关系是从属关系，故选whose引导定语从句。句意：乔治．奥韦尔真名叫埃里克．亚瑟写了很多政治题材的小说与论文。
11. B 该题考查as引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个句子的用法。句意：据报纸报道，那两个国家的谈判正在进展。
12．C 该题是考查介词+ 关系代词引导定语从句的用法。关键是介词的选择，还原定语从句my students acted in the play at the New Year's party，据此应选介词in。句意：我的学生在新年晚会上演的英语剧很成功。
13.D 考查定语从句，case意思是“情形、环境”，其在定语从句中只能作状语，因此选择关系副词where。句意：我可以想出很多学生明显知道单词语短语但不能写出好论文的情况。
14．B 该题考查定语从句的用法。先行词York后面有逗号，故后面是非限制性定语从句不能选that,在定语从句中关系代词做动词visited 的宾语，因此该题选择答案B。题意：去年我访问过纽约，纽约是一个美丽的古城。
15.C 考查定语从句。he worked 是一个由with+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：Alec要求和他一起工作的警察无论什么时候出现事故都和他联系。
16．C该题考查定语从句关系词的用法。该题的现行词是some other places，从定语从句可以看出该词在句中作状语,因此选C. where。有人将领我们参观这座城市，如学校、博 物馆以及一些别的游客很少去的地方。
17.A 考查定语从句的关系词。定语从句是一个主系表结构，situation在定语从句中只能用作地点状语。因此选择关系副词where。
18. C该题考查定语从句的用法。解本题的关键是要先找准先行词“the hours”，然后理解关系副词“when”本身在其引导的定语从句中充当时间状语。因为动词+ 副词短语接宾语时可以放在动词与副词之间也可以放在副词后面，该题可以改为下列语序The film brought back the hours _______I was taken good care of in that far-away village to me这样就一目了然。句意：这部电影把我带到在那遥远的村庄我受到呵护的时光。
19. B该题考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。在关系代词as引导的定语从句中，as指代整个句子（即没有具体的先行词），as的意思是“正如、就像”，从句可置于句前、句尾或句中（较灵活）。句意：众所周知，月球围绕地球转。
20. B该题考查which引导非限制性定语从句。该题主从句之间有逗号因此是非限制性定语从句，which 引导的定语从句修饰整个主句，指代前面这件事。题中的of course 起到干扰作用。句意：Dorothy总是高度地评价她在剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。
21. D该题考查which引导非限制性定语从句。该题主从句之间有逗号因此是非限制性定语从句，which 引导的定语从句修饰整个主句，指代前面这件事。it不可引导从句；that不可引导非限制性定语从句；when不合题意。句意：卡罗说十月份要完成这项工作，我个人对此十分怀疑。
22. B该题考查定语从句的用法。先行词是the small town地点的名词，定语从句中缺少地点状语， 故用关系副词where引导的定语从句。句意：在巴黎住了50年后，他回到了孩提时代生长过的小城镇。
23. B 该题考查which引导的定语从句的用法。该题主从句之间有逗号，因此是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which引导的定语从句修饰整个主句。句意：结果是天气很好，这比我们预料的好得多。
相关试卷
上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟试题08 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典： 这是一份上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟试题08 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典，文件包含上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟试题08解析版-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典docx、上海名校高中自主招生英语模拟试题08原题版-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共26页， 欢迎下载使用。
08.语法语篇填空题精练精析 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典： 这是一份08.语法语篇填空题精练精析 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典，共16页。
07.语法单选拔高题精练精析-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典： 这是一份07.语法单选拔高题精练精析-版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典，共17页。
