05 说明文-事物说明文 备战2023年中考英语书面表达（写作步骤+满分范文+词句积累）

备战2023年中考英语书面表达

（写作步骤+满分范文+词句积累）

第二章 说明文

说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章类型,一般介绍事物的形状、构造、类别、关系、功能,解释事物的原理、含义、特点、演变等.说明类文章注重条理清晰、中心突出,所以在写作时要注重以下几个方面：

1.说明顺序.

通常有时间顺序、空间顺序和逻辑顺序三种.时间和空间顺序是说明文常见的两种说明顺序,逻辑顺序包括总分式、承接式和递进式三种。

2.说明方法.

说明文讲究客观性,以客观的角度说明事物或事理,在写说明文时,可以采取以下方法来增加文章的客观性－下定义、打比方、作比较、举例子、列数字等。

3.时态.

说明文主要用来说明事物或事理的特点等,因而其描述的通常是一般状态,所以说明文的写作中常用一般现在时。

Part 1

事物说明文.

写法点拨

在事物说明文写作过程中,我们可以通过以下三部分进行：

1.给事物下定义.第一部分是文章的开头部分,写作时,应向读者展示出说明的主体,并给这个主体下一个简单而又清楚的定义.

2.顺序展开说明.说明时,要遵循一定的说明顺序,并要采用一些说明方法,如举例子、打比方、作比较等,增加文章的逻辑性和条理性.

3.回应主题,总结事物.文章的最后,要对事物的整体特点做一个简单的回顾,并对主题进行一定的回应.

必备词汇

1 表先后顺序

2 表示时间

3 表示递进

4 人物说明

5 表示总结

必备句型

1 给事物下定义

(1) Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国的北部.

(2) The city is located/situated on the eastern coast of the United States.这座城市位于美国的东部海岸.

(3) There is a blackboard in front of the classroom.教室前面有一块黑板.

(4) My mother is a kind and gentle woman.我妈妈是一个和蔼温柔的女人.

(5) He is the person who can always tells jokes.他是那种总是能说笑话的人.

2 顺序展开说明

(1) The bridge is 20 meters long, 10 meters wide.这座桥20米长,10米宽.

(2) This is made of metal and plastic.这是由金属和塑料制成的.

(3) It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers.它有着760万平方公里的面积.

(4) She is charming when she smiles.她微笑的时候很迷人.

(5) It is rich in natural resources such as coal and gold mine.这里自然资源丰富,比如说煤矿和金矿.

3 回应主题,总结事物

(1) Whenever you are in trouble, she can help you.无论你什么时候陷入困难中,她都能帮助你.

(2) People from all over the world would like to visit it.全世界的人们都想要来参观它.

(3) He is so warm-hearted that everyone admires him.他很热心,所有人都很钦佩他.

(4) He is popular with the teenagers.他在青少年中很受欢迎.

(5) She is considered to be one of the greatest scientists in China.她被认为是中国最伟大的科学家之一.

美文引路

题目:请根据下面的提示要点,写一篇介绍长城的小短文,词数不得少于80词.

要点：

1.长城有着2000多年的历史.

2.是世界上最长的城墙,长6000多公里.

3.建筑材料主要为石头、砖头,修建工作都是人工完成的.

4.长城现已成为名胜古迹,每年吸引了很多外国游客到长城观光旅游.

思路导航

第1步：例文审题

第2步：列提纲

(1)整体介绍长城的概况；

(2)详细说明长城的特点；

(3)叙述长城的地位.

第3步：参考词句

(1) be known to; all over the world; history...

(2) more than; longest; be made of; stones; bricks; construction; machine; undreds of; take part in...

(3) places of interest; attract; foreign...

第4步：连句成篇

The Great Wall

The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. It has a history of more than 2,000 years.

The Great Wall, which is more than 6,000 kilometers long, is the longest wall in the world. It is made of stones and bricks and almost all the construction was done by hand without any machines. And it took hundreds of years to build it. What’s more, millions of workers have taken part in the construction.

Today, the Great Wall has become one of the most famous places of interest in China and it attracts many foreign visitors every year.

参考译文

长城

长城被世界人们所熟知.它有着2000多年的历史.

长城,有6000多公里长,是世界上最长的城墙.它由石头和砖头组成,几乎所有的建造工作都是由人工完成的,没有依靠任何的机器.建造长城花了几百年的时间.还有就是,上百万的工人参加了建造工作.

如今,长城已经成为了中国最著名的名胜古迹之一,它每年都吸引着很多外国游客.

介绍人物

范文1

Miss Black

Miss Black is an excellent teacher. She is a good-looking woman, with gentle manners and a kind smile.

Miss Black likes her work very much. She works very hard and tries her best to make every class perfect. Listening to her lessons is an artistic entertainment. Indeed, she treats her students as her own children. She is very strict with their study, but in the daily lives, she is kind to them. She always shows deep concern for them and makes great efforts to make them more independent.

She is so nice that all the students respect her very much.

参考译文

布莱克老师

布莱克老师是一位出色的老师.她长得很好看,有着温柔的行为举止和和蔼的微笑.

布莱克老师非常喜欢她的工作.她工作非常努力,力求每节课都完美.听她讲课就是一种艺术的享受.实际上,她对待学生就像对待她自己的孩子.她对他们学习的要求非常严格,但是在日常生活中,她对他们非常友好.她总是很关心他们,努力使他们更独立.

她是这样的友好,所有的学生都非常尊重她.

亮点词汇

1 good-looking /adj.好看的

2 manner/n.行为举止

3 artistic/adj.艺术的

4 independent /adj.独立的

5 respect /v.尊重

出彩句型

1 She is a good-looking woman, with... 她是一位长得很好看的女士,有着······

2 ...is an artistic entertainment.······是艺术的享受.

3 She treats...as...她将·····当作······对待.

4 She is kind to...她对······很和蔼.

5 She always shows deep concern for... 她总是很关心......

高分点评

在作者形象生动的介绍之下,一个和蔼可亲的老师形象跃然纸上.文章主要对布莱克老师的外貌、教学、育人等方面展开了介绍,详略得当,说明过程有条有理.文章运用的短语多姿多彩,如“try one's best”“be kind to”“show deep concern”等.

范文2

Charlie Chaplin

Charlie Chaplin was born in 1889 in London. He came from a family of artists. His mother was an actress and his father was an actor.

He started dancing and singing for money in 1894. At that time, he lived a poor life. In 1904, he went to America and he became a film director in 1914. He made many funny films from 1914 to 1966. And he also starred in many silent comedies, like Modern Times. He died in 1977. Hearing the news, lots of people were very sad. People all over the world will remember him forever.

Until now, people are still attracted by him and his movies.

参考译文

查理·卓别林

查理·卓别林于1889年出生于伦敦.他来自一个艺术家家庭.他的父母亲都是演员.

1894年,他开始通过跳舞、唱歌赚钱.那时,他过着贫穷的生活.1904年,他去了美国,1914年,他成为了一名电影导演.1914年到1966年间,他制作了很多搞笑的电影.他也主演了很多无声喜剧,如《摩登时代》.他逝于1977年.听到这个消息,很多人都非常伤心.全世界的人们将永远记住他.

直到现在,人们仍被他和他的电影所吸引着.

亮点词汇

1 come from a family of...来自······的家庭

2 artist /n.艺术家

3 actress/ n.女演员

4 film director 电影导演

5 star in...主演······

6 silent/adj.沉默的

出彩句型

1 He came from a family of artists.他来自一个艺术家家庭.

2 He started doing...他开始做······

3 He lived a poor life.他过着贫穷的生活.

4 He made many funny films.他制作了很多有趣的电影.

5 People are still attracted by...人们仍被···...吸引着.

高分点评

本文以时间为轴线,截取了查理·卓别林人生中的几个片段进行描述,体现了他伟大的艺术成就和对人们的影响.从结构上看,文章分成了三个部分,详略得当,叙述具体.从词句上看,表达非常地道,如“star in”“live a poor life”“People all over the world will remember him forever”等.

介绍地方

范文1

Dear Laura,

Thanks for your letter.

Now I'll tell you something about our school and our school life. Our school is very big, with over 2,500 students and about 200 teachers. There are many high buildings in it. On the campus, you can see many green trees and beautiful flowers. In our school, there are many clubs. Every afternoon, we can take part in all kinds of activities, such as basketball, table tennis, and painting. We can read newspapers and books in the school library. And we can also go online in the school computer labs. I've been in the school for more than two years. I am deeply attracted by everything in the school.

Yours,

Vera

参考译文

亲爱的劳拉：

谢谢你的来信.

现在我将跟你说说我们的学校和校园生活.我们的学校很大,有超过2500名学生和大约200位老师.学校里有很多高的建筑物.在校园里,你可以看到很多绿树和美丽的花朵.在我们的学校,有很多社团.每天下午,我们可以参加各种各样的活动,比如篮球、乒乓球和画画.我们可以在学校图书馆里看报纸和书.我们还可以在学校的电脑房上网.我已经在这个学校超过两年了.我被学校里的一切深深地吸引着.

你的,

薇拉

亮点词汇

1 building /n.建筑物

2 campus/n.校园

3 take part in 参加

4 go online 上网

出彩句型

1 I'll tell you something about...我要告诉你一些关于·····

2 There are many buildings in it.校园里有很多建筑物.

3 We can take part in all kinds of activities.我们可以参加各种各样的活动.

4 I am deeply attracted by...我被······深深地吸引着.

高分点评

本文采取动静结合的描述手法,向读者展现了“我”的校园的美丽风光以及丰富多彩的校园生活,条理清晰,明确具体.此外,句式、短语的多样运用,也是一大成功之处.

范文2

Australia

Australia lies on the west of the Pacific Ocean. It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers. And it has a population of over 10 million.

Most of them live in the east of the country by the sea, because the weather in those places is more favorable and comfortable. In the center of Australia, there is a large area of desert. Canberra, the capital of Australia, is a beautiful city. Sydney is one of the biggest cities in Australia. It has many places of interest. The Sydney Opera House is famous all over the world.

If you ever visit Australia, you will be fascinated by it.

参考译文

澳大利亚

澳大利亚位于太平洋的西边.它的面积是760万平方公里.人口超过一千万.

很多人住在澳大利亚东面的海边,因为那些地方的天气更加适宜和舒服.在澳大利亚的中部,有很大面积的沙漠.堪培拉,澳大利亚的首都,是一个漂亮的城市.悉尼是澳大利亚最大的城市之一.它有很多风景名胜.悉尼歌剧院就闻名于全世界.

如果你游览过澳大利亚,你就会被它吸引.

亮点词汇

1 Pacific Ocean 太平洋

2 cover /v. 覆盖

3 favorable/adj.讨人喜欢的

4 desert /n.沙漠

5 places of interest 风景名胜

出彩句型

1 It covers an area of... 它面积有······.

2 It has a population of...它人口····.

3 The weather in those places is more favorable and comfortable.那些地方的天气更加适宜和舒服.

4 In the center of Australia, there is...在澳大利亚的中部,有着···.··.

5 Sydney is one of the biggest cities in Australia.悉尼是澳大利亚最大的城市之一.

高分点评

本文选取了澳大利亚作为介绍的主体,其中采取了由面到点的叙述手法,将澳大利亚的位置、面积、气候、人文风情一一呈现在了我们面前.值得一提的是,作者的写作语言非常地道,原汁原味,如面积的表达“It covers an area of...”,又如人口的表达“It has a population of over 10 million”等.

介绍事物

范文1

Chinese Food

China is very famous for its food all over the world. There are all kinds of cuisines in China, such as Cantonese cuisine, Sichuan cuisine, Shanghai cuisine and so on.

Cantonese cuisine is a bit light, but it is very delicious. Sichuan cuisine is very hot and spicy while Shanghai cuisine is rather oily. In the north of China, people are accustomed to eating noodles and dumplings. In the south of China, people are used to eating rice and seafood.

Chinese food is good in color, smell and taste. So I like it very much.

参考译文

中国菜

中国菜在全世界都很出名.中国有各种各样的菜系,比如说广东菜、四川菜、上海菜,等等.

广东菜味道较清淡,但是非常美味.四川菜非常烫和辣,而上海菜却较油腻.在中国的北方,人们习惯于吃面条和饺子.在中国的南方,人们习惯于吃米饭和海鲜.

中国菜色、香、味俱全.所以我非常喜欢它.

亮点词汇

1 all over the world 全世界

2 cuisine /n.莱式；菜肴

3 delicious /adj.美味的；可口的

4 spicy /adj.辛辣的

5 oily/adj.多油的；含油的

6 be accustomed to doing... 习惯于做······

7 seafood /n.海产食品

出彩句型

1 China is very famous for...中国因······而著名.

2 There are all kinds of...有各种各样的··.···

3 People are accustomed to doing...人们习惯于做·····

4 People are used to doing...人们习惯于做······

5 Chinese food is good in color, smell and taste. 中国菜色、香、味俱全.

高分点评

中国菜博大精深,种类繁多.作者在介绍时能很好地抓住中国菜最主要的特点进行展开,展示了中国菜的多样性以及诱人的一面.文章词句均较为新颖,是一大出彩之处,如短语“be accustomed to”“ to”“be used to"”等,可供读者借鉴学习.

范文2

Mini Cars

The mini car is designed mainly for Chinese families.

The car is in a popular and fashionable style with four seats, and it can travel for a long distance. In addition, the proper size of the car makes it easy to drive. Usually, its highest speed is 160 kilometers per hour. The price, RMB 100,000, is lower than that of the same kind both at home and abroad.

It is certainly a wise choice to buy a mini car. Anyone who owns a mini car will enjoy it very much.

参考译文

迷你汽车

迷你汽车主要是为中国的家庭设计的.

这种车有四个座位,兼具流行、时尚的风格于一身.它可以用于长途旅行(驾驶很长的时间).除此以外,合适的大小让它很容易驾驶.通常,它最高的速度为每小时160千米.价格为100000元人民币,比国内外同类的汽车价格要低.

买一辆迷你汽车确实是明智的选择.任何拥有迷你汽车的人都会很喜欢它.

亮点词汇

1 design /v.设计

2 distance /n.距离

3 in addition 除此以外

4 proper/adj.适宜的；适合的

5 speed /n.速度

6 at home and abroad 国内外；中外

7 wise /adj.明智的

出彩句型

1 The mini car is designed mainly for...迷你汽车主要是为······设计的.

2 The car is in...style.这种车是······风格.

3 It can travel for a long distance.它可以用于长途旅行.

4 The price is lower than that of the same kind both at home and abroad.价格比国内外同类的汽车价格要低.

5 It is certainly a wise choice to...做···.··确实是一个明智的选择.

高分点评

本文作者对迷你汽车做了细致入微的介绍,让我们对它的风格、形状、速度、价格等有了直观的认识,显示出作者丰富的汽车知识.除此以外,作者的语言能力也较为出色,遣词造句皆是信手拈来,如“be designed mainly for..."“It is certainly a wise choice to...”等,均大大增加了文章的魅力.