中考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 科普环保类五（含答案）

1、 阅读短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Now satellites are helping to forecast（预报）the weather. They are in space, and they can reach any part of the world. The satellites take pictures of the atmosphere（大气）, because this is where the weather forms（形成）. They send these pictures to the weather stations. So meteorologists（气象学家）can see the weather of any part of the world. From the pictures, the scientists can often say how the weather will change.

Today, nearly five hundred weather stations in sixty countries receive satellite pictures. When they receive new pictures, the meteorologists compare（比较）them with earlier ones. Perhaps they may find that the clouds have changed during the last few hours. This may mean that the weather on the ground may soon change, too. In their next weather forecast, the meteorologists can say this.

So the weather satellites are a great help to the meteorologists. Before satellites were invented, the scientists could forecast the weather for about 24 or 48 hours. Now they can make good forecasts for three or five days. Soon, perhaps, they may be able to forecast the weather for a week or more ahead（提前）.

1. Satellites travel _____________.

A. in space          B. in the atmosphere

C. above the ground       D. above space

2. Why do we use the weather satellites to take pictures of the atmosphere? Because __________.

A. the weather satellites can do it easily    B. clouds form there

C. the weather forms there         D. the pictures can forecast the weather

3. Meteorologists forecast the weather __________.

A. when they have received satellite pictures

B. after they have compared new satellite pictures with earlier ones

C. before they received satellite pictures

D. during they study satellite pictures

4. Maybe we’ll soon be able to forecast the weather for ________.

A. one day         B. two days

C. five days          D. seven days or even longer

5. The main（主要的）idea of this passage is that satellites are now used in _________.

A. taking pictures of the atmosphere    B. receiving pictures of the atmosphere

C. doing other work in many ways     D. weather forecasting

2、 At present, too much carbon dioxide(二氧化碳) makes the earth warmer and warmer and causes terrible effect to human beings. To save our planet, to save ourselves, a new lifestyle called low-carbon life(低碳生活) becomes popular. Low carbon means low energy and no waste. It is necessary for everybody to learn to live a low-carbon life.

To live a low-carbon life, we’d better save energy as possible. Turn off the lights and TV whenever they are not needed. If possible, use cold water to wash clothes or dishes. Take a short shower and try to take a cold one when the weather gets warm. Don’t do the cooking with electricity.

To live a low-carbon life, we should eat less meat. Everybody knows eating too much meat makes people fat and easy to have heart disease, but maybe you don’t know keeping animals for food produces even more carbon dioxide than all the cars in the world, and being a vegetarian can help reduce one and a half tons of carbon dioxide a year. Maybe it is a little difficult, but it’s really necessary.

To live a low-carbon life, we are supposed to do less shopping. When we go shopping, we may drive a car or take other transportations. On the one hand, these machines pollute the air and waste energy. On the other hand, most of us always buy some useless things because of some advertisements. It is not only a waste of money but also causes trouble to the earth, because as you know, making everything will produce carbon dioxide more or less.

There are many other ways to live low-carbon life, such as recycling things, planting trees and reusing textbooks. If we can keep it a habit in our daily life, the earth will become a safer planet for us to live on.

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

(   )1._____ makes the weather on the earth get warmer.

     A. Little rubbish       B. A waste of money   

     C. Too much carbon dioxide   D. A waste of water

(   )2.We can _____ to save energy in our daily life.

     A. use less electricity   B. go to sleep with lights on  

     C. wash clothes with hot water  D. drive car to work

(   )3.The underlined word “it” in the third paragraph means _____.

     A. eating less meat        B. having heart disease   

     C. keeping animals for food    D. eating less vegetables

(   )4.We should do less shopping because _____.

   A. wasting money causes trouble to people   

  B. the advertisements are sometimes misleading   

  C. the less you shop, the less carbon dioxide will be produced   

 D.some of the things you bought are useless

(   )5.If everybody lives a low-carbon life, _____.

A.we will waste more energy

B.there will be less carbon dioxide

C.the earth will become a dangerous place to live on

D.there will be more carbon dioxide

3、 It's late evening in the middle of the winter． The snow is deep， but off I go into the wild．Suddenly， I hear it： the howl （嚎叫） of wolves． Excitedly， I walk faster in the direction of the howling．

    I've been working as a volunteer wolf tracker in Yellowstone National Park for over a year． It's my job to follow wolves to record information about them． Like wolves， however， I don't work alone． I'm one of a team of people who have been in a project to help reintroduce wolves to the park．

    Humans have always feared wolves． From fairy tales to movies， the wolf is always the bad guy a danger to humans and other animals． In the 1920s， the organizers of the park shared this view about wolves and made the decision to drive them away from the park．As a result，the number of elk（麋鹿）in the park increased． The elk started looking for food near river banks since they didn't have to worry about wolves．This， in turn， stopped trees from growing along the rivers， doing great harm to the environment there．

    The return of wolves has already made a big difference． To begin with， the elk soon learned to stay away from the rivers， so new trees have been able to grow there． The trees become home to new wildlife， such as birds， and provide food for more animals．

    The park is now becoming more and more popular with those who want to see wolves in their natural environment． It has also helped the local people make more money， Tourists visit the area，stay in the local hotels， and eat in the local restaurants．

    Looking at the wild animals and the beautiful sceneries around me， I am amazed at the changes the wolf has made to Yellowstone． And happily， it is playing a good guy in this story．

（1）According to the passage， one of a wolf tracker's jobs is to　　．

A． catch wolves in the park

B． feed wolves in the wild

C． stop wolves from killing elk

D． collect information about wolves

（2）Why did the organizers drive the wolves away from the park in the 1920s？　　

A． The wolves were always howling at night．

B． The elk in the park were in danger of dying out．

C． The wolves had done great harm to the environment．

D． The park was thought to be unsafe with wolves around．

（3）Paragraphs 4 and 5 are mainly about the　　that wolves have brought to Yellowstone．

A． risks

B． troubles

C． changes

D． competitions

（4）What does the writer mean by the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？　　

A． Wolves are important to Yellowstone．

B． Yellowstone has been home to wolves．

C． The wolf and the elk live in peace now．

D．The number of wolves is growing fast．

4、 What’s a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.

When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating( 漂 浮 ) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.

How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.

Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.

26. About the spacewalk, we can know __________  .

A. some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks

B. all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft

C. an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space

D. a spacewalk lets scientists learn how being in space affects different things

27. How many ways to keep the astronauts safe during spacewalks?

A. Two.       B. Three.     C. Four.      D. Five.

28. What’s the meaning of the word “tethers” in Paragraph 2?

A. 吊篮       B. 系绳       C. 笼子       D. 钩子

29. Astronauts train for spacewalks by__________ .

A. floating in space

B. using virtual reality

C. going on spacewalks outside a spacecraft

D. training in water in a common swimming pool

30. According to the passage, which is NOT true?

A. China can finish a spacewalk independently.

B. Astronauts can breathe and drink in spacesuits.

C. Astronauts can move around in space with the help of SAFER.

D. Anatoly Solovyev is the first person to go on a spacewalk in the world.

二、阅读填空（共1题）

1、 Have you seen Avatar（《阿凡达》）? It’s a popular 3D movie, and you may have to wear 3D glasses to see it. The 3D glasses make the images(图像)from the movie look as if they were coming straight towards you.  

 More and more 3D movies are coming to theaters. Some say that 3D TV sets will come into our homes in the near future. 3D technology can make TV and movies are more exciting. However, people with eye problems may get headaches if they spend too much time watching 3D movies. Why?
    When we look at an object(物体), each eye sees it at a different angle(角度). Our eyes send the two images to our brain(大脑), and the brain puts them together. 3D technology uses two film projectors(投影机). One projects a left-eye-image and the other projects a right-eye-image. 3D glasses allow us to see a different image in each eye. So, when we are watching a 3D movie, our brain can’t put together the images sent to our eyes. The brain needs to work harder at “reading” the images. That makes it easier for people with eye problems to get dizzy(头晕的) or have headaches. A famous eye doctor said if your eyes can’t focus(聚焦) on the same object at once, you will have trouble watching 3D movies.

根据短文内容，选择正确答案。

(   )1. According to the passage, Avatar is a ______.

A. digital camera     B. digital TV set   C. 3D movie     D.4D movie

(   )2. The 3D glasses can make the images from the movie ______.

A. look more beautiful than usual     B. look as if they were coming straight towards you
C. look as if they were far away from you  D. look more clear than usual

(   )3. People will have ______ in their homes in the near future.

A. 3D computers     B. 3D phones     C. 3D movies     D.3D TV sets

(   )4. When we look at an object, ______.

A. each eye sees the object at the same angle 

B. our brain puts the two different pictures together
C. there will be two film projectors in our eyes

D. our brain can’t put together the images sent to our eyes

(   )5. If you wear a pair of 3D glasses, ______.

A. you will see different images in both eyes  B. your brain can’t work at all
C. the images can be put together easily by your brain 

D. our brain can put the images together

============参考答案============

一、阅读理解

1、 1-5 ACBDD

2、 1—5CAACB

3、 DDCA

【分析】本文讲述了对人类和其他动物构成巨大威胁的狼却对维护黄石公园的的生态平衡起着重要作用．

（1）D．细节理解题．根据第二段第2句"It's my job to follow wolves to record information about them．"可知我的工作是跟踪狼并且记录他们的信息．故选D．

（2）D．细节理解题．根据第三段第2、3句"From fairy tales to movies， the wolf is always the bad guy a danger to humans and other animals． In the 1920s， the organizers of the park shared this view about wolves and made the decision to drive them away from the park．"可知从童话故事到电影，狼总是对人类和其他动物构成威胁的坏人．在20世纪20年代，公园的组织者分享了对狼的这种看法，并决定将它们赶出公园．故选D．

（3）C．归纳概括题．根据第四段第1句" The return of wolves has already made a big difference．"可知狼群的回归已经带来了很大的改变．故选C．

（4）A．推理判断题．由本句上文" I am amazed at the changes the wolf has made to Yellowstone"可知我很惊讶狼对黄石公园所做的改变．由此推断狼对维护黄石公园的的生态平衡起着重要作用．故选A．

【点评】阅读理解题要求先理解文章大意，浏览题干后带着问题到文中寻找相关内容从而得出答案．本题多为细节理解题，在文中很容易找到答案．而推理判断题则需要根据题干找出相关语境，在理解语境的基础上经过推理得出答案．

4、 26.A

【解析】推理判断题。根据experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft可知，实验可以放在航天器的外部，而不是所有的实验都必须都放在航天器的外部，排除B；根据Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk可知，任何时候宇航员在太空中走出飞船被叫做太空漫步，而不是宇航员在太空中任何时候都可以从宇宙飞船中出来，偷换概念，排除C；根据For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影响) different things可知，实验可以在航天器的外部这件事可以让科学家知道太空是如何影响不同的事物的，排除D；根据By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix可知，通过太空行走，宇航员可以修东西而不用将他们带回地球修，故选A。

27.C

【解析】细节理解题。根据When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe、To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door、When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft以及Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER可知，宇航员可以穿航天服、通过一个特别的门离开和返回航天器、用安全绳或者穿舱外活动简便救援装置，共四种，故选C。

28.B

【解析】词义猜测题。根据When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft可知，当太空漫步时，宇航员使用安全拴绳来与航天器保持近距离，安全绳像一个绳子，连接着太空漫步者和航天器。tether像一个绳子，所以是系绳，故选B。

29.B

【解析】细节理解题。根据One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool以及Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality可知，要么去特别的游泳池漂浮练习太空行走，要么使用虚拟现实练习太空行走，故选B。

30.D

【解析】细节理解题。根据Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China可知，中国能独立地完成太空行走，排除A；根据Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink可知，宇航员能够在航天服里呼吸和喝水；根据SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space可知，宇航员可以在里面移动，排除C；根据The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia可知，第一个太空行走的人是苏联的阿里克谢列昂诺夫。故选D。

二、阅读填空

1、 1—5CBDBA