2022-2023学年上海市民办民远高级中学高三上学期期末质量检测英语试卷（Word版含答案）

2022-2023学年高三上学期期末质量检测 英语试卷

I. Listening Comprehension 

略

II. Grammar and Vocabulary       (每题 1 分；共 20 分)

Section A

Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Video Games Foster Creativity?

   Video games that foster creative freedom can increase creativity under certain conditions, according to new research from Iowa State University. The experimental study compared the effect f playing Mine-craft, with or without instruction, to watching a TV show or playing a race video game. Those ____21____ (give) the freedom to play Mine-craft without instruction were most creative.

   “It’s not just that Mine-craft can help induce creativity. There seems to be something about choosing to do it that also matters,” said Douglas Gentile, a professor of psychology.

    ____22____ you are not familiar with the game, Gentile says Mine-craft is like a virtual Lego world. The game, which has sold more than 100 million copies, allows players to explore unique worlds  and  create  anything  they  can  imagine.  Study  participants  randomly  assigned  to  play Mine-craft were split into two groups. The one receiving instruction was told to play as creatively as possible.

After 40 minutes of play or watching TV, the 352 participants completed several creativity tasks. ____23____ (measure) creative production, they were asked to draw a creature from a world much different than Earth. More human like creature scored low for creativity and those less human-like scored high. Surprisingly, those instructed to be creative while playing Mine-craft were the ____24____ (creative).

   Gentile says there’s no clear explanation for this finding. In the paper published by Creativity Research Journal, he, Jorge Blanco-Hrrera, lead author and former master’s student in psychology: and Jeffrey Rokkum, former Ph. D. student in psychology, outlined possible reasons why the instructed Mine-craft group scored lower. Blanco-Herrera says the instructions may have changed subjects’ motivation for play.

   “____25____  (tell) to be creative may have actually limited their options while playing, resulting in a less creative experience,” Blanco-Herrera said. “It’s also possible they used all their ‘creative juices’ while playing and had ____26____ left when it came time to complete the test.”

   Video games can have both harmful and beneficial effects. Gentile’s previous research has shown the amount, content and context and video games ____27____ (influence) what players learn through repeated experiences. ____28____ much of Gentile’s research has focused on aggression or pro-social behavior, he says the same appears to be true for creativity.

Most video games encourage players to practice some level of creativity. For example, players may create a character and story for role-playing games or be rewarded for creative strategies in competitive games. The researchers say even first-person shooter games ____29____ potentially inspire creativity as players think about strategy and look for advantages in combat.

“The research is starting to tell a more interesting, nuanced picture. Our results are similar to other gaming research ____30____   ________ you get better at what you practice, but how you practice might matter just as much, ” Gentile said.

Section B

Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.    Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

   Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial applications of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes(酶)in the automobile to monitor ____31____ and send data on pollution to a microprocessor that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what The New York Times calls “Metal-hungry microbes(微生物)that might be used to ____32____ valuable trace metals from ocean water.” They have already demanded and won the right to patent new life forms.

   Nervous ____33____, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate, national, international,  and  inter-scientific  competition in the entire biotechnological field. They  create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills”that could  spread disease  and destroy  entire populations. The creation and ____34____ release of extremely poisonous microbes, however, is only one cause  for alarm. Completely rational and  ____35____  scientists  are  talking  about possibilities that stagger(动摇)the imagination.

    Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby ____36____ the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job  requirement, for example, creating pilots with faster reaction time or assembly-line workers ____37____ to do our monotonous work for us? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate“unfit” babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank” full of ____38____ kidneys, livers or hands?

    Wild as these notions may sound, everyone has its ____39____ (and opposers) in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted Howard, state in their book Who Should Play God? “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as  assembly  lines, automobiles, vaccines, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes ____40____ practical, a new consumer need will be exploited and a market for the new technology will be created.”

III.    Reading Comprehension (41 – 55题，每题1分； 56 – 70题，每题2分； 共45分)

Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Deliberation is not always the best option

   Humans have developed over millions of years of evolution to respond to certain situations without thinking too hard. If your ancestors ___41___ movement in the undergrowth, they would run first and ask questions later. At the same time, the ___42___ to analyse and to plan is part of what distinguishes people from other animals.

   The question of when to trust your gut(直觉)and when to test your ___43___—whether to think fast or slow, in the language of Daniel Kahneman, a psychologist—___44___ in the office as much as it does in the savannah(大草原).

   Deliberative thinking is the feature of a well-managed workplace.  Strategic changes and budget discussions are built on rounds of meetings, memos, formulas and presentations. Processes are increasingly designed to ___45___ instinctive responses. From blind screening ofjob applicants to using “red-teaming” techniques to pick apart a firm’s plans, precision ___46___ instinct.

   Yet instinct also has its place. Some decisions are more connected to emotional responses and inherently(固有的)less ___47___ to analysis. Does a marketing campaign capture the ___48___ of your company, say, or would this person work well with other people in a team? In ___49___ customer-service situations, intuition is often a better guide to how to behave than a script.

    Gut instincts can also be ____50____. Plenty of research has shown that intuition becomes more unfailing with experience. In one well-known experiment, conducted in 2012, volunteers were asked to ____51____ whether a selection of designer handbags were fake or real. Some were instructed to operate on instinct and others to deliberate over their decision. Intuition worked better for those who owned at least three designer handbags; indeed, it ____52____ analysis. The more expert you become, the better your instincts tend to be.

    ____53____, the real reason to  embrace  fast thinking is that it is, well, fast. Instinctive decision-making is often the only way to get through the day. Researchers at Cornell University once estimated that people make over 200 decisions a day about food alone. The workplace is ____54____ but a succession of choices, a few big and many small: what to ____35____, when to intervene, whom to avoid in the lifts and, now, where to work each day.

41.  A. uncovered   B. spotted  C. blocked          D. encountered

42.  A. capacity   B. motive  C. reluctance      D. urge

43.  A. consultation B. anticipation  C. assumptions   D. reaction

44.  A. integrates B. matters    C. works   D. abuses

45.  A. bring out  B. pick out   C. make out     D. stamp out

46.  A. equals         B. comprises     C. beats                D. boosts

47.  A. manageable     B. adaptable      C. familiar            D. sensitive

48.  A. attention      B. opportunity      C. status                D. essence

49.  A. rough          B. tough       C. nervous             D. neutral

50.  A. improved        B. copied           C. transferred         D. weakened

51.  A. ensure           B. extinguish       C. clarify      D. assess

52.  A. undertook      B. outperformed     C. facilitated         D. paralleled

53.  A. Likewise         B. However         C. Consequently       D. Moreover

54.  A. anything           B. something       C. nothing           D. everything

55.  A. cooperate          B. prioritize       C. convince             D. strive

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(A)

    I had always been one of those quiet boys who preferred dreams to the real world. I was, in addition, absurdly shy, and therefore often mistaken for a fool, which upset me deeply. For nothing terrified me more than the prospect of correcting a false impression. Though I was often blamed by mistakes made by my classmates, I never dare to say a word in self-defense. I would simply go home to hide in a corner and cry. My greatest pleasure was to sit alone, reading, and let my thoughts drift away in the stories.

    My daydreams were in sharp contrast to real life; they were full of adventures and heroic deeds. They left marks on me. There was, for instance, a book about the history of the Roman Empire, in which an ambassador, while negotiating a treaty, was told that he was to accept the terms offered, on pain of death: his response was to plunge his arm into a fire and continue with his deliberations, in absolute calm. Inspired by his courage, I proceeded to test my own powers of resilience by plunging my own hand into the fire, only to burn my fingers badly. I can still see that ambassador, smiling calmly through his pain. Father hated my reading all the time, and sometimes he threw away my books. Some nights he refused to let me turn on the light in my bedroom. But I could always find a way, and after he caught me reading by the light of a string-wick lamp, he gave up and left me to it.              

   There was a time when I tried my hand at writing; indeed, I even made a few little poems, but I quickly abandoned my efforts. No matter what I had bottled up inside me, I was extremely anxious about letting it out, and so my adventures in writing ended. I did, however, carry on painting. There was, I thought, no risk of revealing anything personal. I just took something from the outside world and brought it to life on paper. Sometimes I did hide some personal expression in it, but I made sure that it was visible enough to be seen and trivial enough to be ignored. The first time I showed my painting to my father, he was caught in silence for a while and then he breathed deeply, and said:

“My son finally made something.” Then here I am, as a teacher at the Academy of Fine Arts, wondering how everything happened, from my daydreams to painting.

56. The sentence “They left marks on me.” (in paragraph 2) means ________.

A. daydreams did nothing but hurt the writer badly

B. daydreams influenced the writer's behavior in real life

C. the writer had lasting memory of the books he read

D. the writer couldn't distinguish books form reality

57. The writer gave up writing because ________.

A. it was not as interesting as reading

B. he was too shy to reveal his inner world

C. he couldn't write good works

D. his father didn't like him writing

58. Throughout the passage what can we learn about the writer's father?

A. He was impressed with his son's painting

B. He didn't like the personality of his son.

C. He was touched by his son's persistence in reading.

D. He had a high expectation of his son in writing.

59. The passage is mainly about ________.

A. the power of reading   B. the writer's adventurous daydreams

C. reflection on the start of a career       D. the efforts made to be painter

(B)

   “Essential oils can have a major impact on your mood and health. When you apply an oil to your skin, it affects your physical state. When you inhale them, it affects your mental state,” says the “grande dame” of aromatherapy Jeanne Rose, author of The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and

Inhalations.

    A few drops of eucalyptus on your skin will help heal a burn and smelling a pine tree might make you think of childhood Christmases. There are no rules for how to inhale oils. You can put a few drops on a tissue, or add some to water to spritz around the room or use in a diffuser(喷雾器)or vaporizer.

   Be very careful, however, when applying oils to the skin. Always dilute them in another oil, like palm, coconut or olive to prevent burns or allergic reactions.

“A  rule of  thumb  is 15 drops per one ounce of cream, oil or lotion,”says Sylla Sheppard-Hanger, the founder and director of Atlantic institute of Aromatherapy in Tampa, Florida.

60. What kind of readers is likely to buy The Aromatherapy Book: Applications and Inhalations?

A. Gardeners who provide raw materials for manufacturers of essential oils.

B. Researchers dedicated to inventing new essential oils to keep people in good health.

C. Common people hoping to improve health condition with essential oils.

D. Psychotherapist seeking treatments for serious mental and physical disorders.

61. What is the appropriate way of using essential oils?

A. Spritz the oil directly around a room.

B. Mix them with cream in proportion.

C. Smell the fragrance from the bottle.

D. Apply oils to treat skin allergy.

62. The oils that can relieve your symptom of bad cold are ________.

A.peppermint oils B. conifer oils

C. citrus oils   D. spruce oils

(C)

    By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.

   At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms( 海洋微生物)called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankon. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.

    Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.

    Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”

    And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said,“it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive. Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.

   Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes.“It’ll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change, Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”

63. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?

A. The various patterns at the ocean surface.

B. The cause of the changes in ocean colour.

C. The way light reflects off marine organisms.

D. The efforts to fuel the growth of phytoplankton.

64. What does the underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Sensitive.      B. Beneficial.  C. Significant.  D. Unnoticeable.

65. What can we infer from the passage?

A. Phytoplankton play a declining role in the marine ecosystem.

B. Dutkiewicz’s model aims to avoid phytoplankton changes.

C. Phytoplankton have been used to control global climate.

D. Oceans with more phytoplankton may appear greener.

66. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.

B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.

C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.

D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.

Section C

Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

   The explosion of new media, ranging from the internet to digital television, means that people working in advertising will have to come up with more ways to catch the public’s attention in  the future.  _________67_________ No longer will all members be watching the same programme: some will be watching different channels on their own TVs, surfing the net or doing both at the same time. The advertising industry will have to work“harder and smarter to cut through the “mess”of the future with a wide range of new media, all competing to catch the consumers’ eyes.

   People have become more individual in their consumption of advertising. New technology has  made  experimenting  with new  forms  of advertising possible. The monologue where the advertisement tells housewives that this is the washing powder they should buy is just a cliché (陈 词滥调) now.  _________68_________ There is, consequently, little hope of them surviving for more than another twenty years. A much closer relationship with the consumer is gradually being created.

   The definition of what constitutes advertising will expand well beyond the conventional mass media. Shopping environments will themselves become a part of the advertising process. Increasingly, they will exist not simply to sell goods, but also to entertain people and to make sure that they enjoy their time there. The aim will be to “warm” people towards these places so that they will return to purchase goods there again.

   In spite of these and other changes, it is highly unlikely that TV, print and radio will disappear altogether as advertising media. _________69_________ But other marketing strategies, such as public relations and direct marketing, will become as important as advertising. Advertising agencies will have to reinvent themselves. They will no longer be able simply to produce advertisements and then support these through PR, direct marketing or the internet. Instead, they will have to change the whole way they look at communication and start thinking about ideas which are not specific to one discipline.

   _________70_________  Originality of thinking has  always been in short supply. It will continue to be so in the future. But there will be increasing coston the advertiser’s ability to be imaginative and to think laterally about engaging the consumer in a broader variety of media.

IV. Summary Writing     (10分)

Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

Absent-mindedness

    “Most events of absent-mindedness—forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room—are caused by a simple lack of attention,” says Dr. Daniel Schacter, a distinguished psychologist and memory scientist.“You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply.”

   “Encoding,” Schacter explains, “is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later.” Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket of a jacket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget where exactly you put your mobile phone. Your memory itself isn’t failing you. Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the  information it needed.

    As many people accept, women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that. Yes, visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness. But be sure the cue is clear and available. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table—don't leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.

   Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox,” says Zelinski, a scientist from New York University. There are many cases in life where women can remember prices of bags of different brands while they tend to forget the specific place where they put their bags.

V. Translation   (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分)

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72.  周末，乡间步道吸引了许多喜爱郊游的家庭。 (appeal)

73.  网上信息参差不齐，有些只是为了博眼球而夸大其词。 (which)

74.  经过三个月的翻新，报告厅配备了一流的视听设备，焕然一新。 (take on)

75.  正是出门对这门手艺的热情，他从没想过放弃，即便学习过程令人怯步，练习后胳膊酸疼。 (It)

VI. Guided Writing     (25 分)

Directions: Write an English composition in 120- 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

假设你是明启中学高三学生李明，最近在一本英语杂志上读到一篇文章，作者认为“第一印 象在人际交往中非常重要”，你对此话题很感兴趣，写一封邮件给该杂志“读者来信”专栏， 内容须包括：

1)你是否赞同作者的这一观点；

2)用具体事例说明你的观点。

Reference key （Dec 16）

21. given    22. If    23. To measure    24. least creative    25. Being told    26. nothing    27. influence    28. Although     29. can    30. in that

31. C    32. H    33. F    34. D    35. B    36. J    37. E    38. A   39. G    40. I

41. B    42. A    43. C    44. B    45. D    46. C    47. A    48. D   

49. B    50. A    51. D    52. B    53. B    54. C    55. B

56. B    57. B    58. A    59. C

60. C    61. B    62. D

63. B    64.A     65.D      66.C

F    68.C      69.E    70.A

书面表达略