英语-2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷B（北京专用）

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绝密★考试结束前
2022-2023学年高一下学期开学摸底考试卷B（北京专用）
英语
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1、本试卷共 100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。
2、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
3、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节， 30 分)
第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Afel was only a very small boy when he first saw snow in a picture book. It had lots of pictures of children playing in big white fields. He asked, “Mum, what are those white fields?” His mother laughed, “That’s snow, and they are making a snowman!” She tried to ____1____ what snow was. Afel didn’t really understand because there was no real snow where he lived. But he showed great interest.
One day when he was 12, Afel was watching a programme on TV at his uncle’s house. The programme was full of snow. And not only snow-there were people flying across the snow. They looked like fantastic birds. They had hats covering all their heads and big goggles over their eyes. And on their feet, they had ____2____ shoes. “What are those?” he asked his uncle ____3____. “Skis,” replied his uncle. “And those people are called skiers.” At that moment, he ____4____ to be a skier. He asked his uncle what the programme was. “The Winter Olympics,”said his uncle. “It’s like the normal Olympics, but for ____5____ where you need snow- ski jumping, bobsleigh (长雪橇), those sorts of things. They have it every four years.”
Afel found out that the next Winter Olympics would be in Beijing, in 2022. “Perfect,” he thought. “Enough time for me to become a brilliant skier.” “But there’s no snow here!” people told him. “Where are you going to ski?” Afel ____6____ them. He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood. He tied them to his feet and practised skiing ____7____ two sticks in his hands. He practised again and again until he could move quite quickly across the sand. He ____8____ to fly down the hills like the people on TV, but he couldn’t.
“Never mind,” he thought. “It’s a start.”
“How will you go to the Olympics?” People asked him. “Our country doesn’t ____9____ have a team that goes to the Winter Olympics. We have good runners and win lots of medals at the Olympics. But no skiing.” Afel didn’t care.
So every night, out in the middle of the desert, Afel now practices skiing down sand hills. He assumes that the yellow sand and brown earth are as gold as the medal he will bring home with him, when he is the _____10_____.
1．A．announce B．stress C．explain D．state
2．A．strong B．strange C．fashionable D．comfortable
3．A．politely B．hopefully C．excitedly D．nervously
4．A．promised B．joked C．agreed D．decided
5．A．parties B．fields C．sports D．courses
6．A．avoided B．ignored C．corrected D．criticized
7．A．pushing B．pulling C．holding D．waving
8．A．needed B．prepared C．pretended D．tried
9．A．even B．often C．shortly D．finally
10．A．explorer B．champion C．genius D．adventurer
【参考答案】
1．C    2．B    3．C    4．D    5．C    6．B    7．C    8．D    9．A    10．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了从未见过雪的Afel对雪及其相关的运动产生了很大的兴趣，并梦想成为一名滑雪运动员的故事。
【详情解析】
1．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她试图解释雪是什么。A. announce宣布；B. stress强调；C. explain解释；D. state说明。根据上文“He asked, “Mum, what are those white fields?”(他问：“妈妈，那些白色的田野是什么？”)”以及下文“Afel didn’t really understand(Afel并没有真正理解)”可知，此处他的妈妈在向他解雪的概念。故选C项。
2．【B】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们脚上穿着奇怪的鞋子。A. strong强壮的；B. strange奇怪的；C. fashionable时尚的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据下文““What are those?” he asked his uncle(“那些是什么？”他问叔叔)”可知，Afel没见过这类的鞋子，在他看来是奇怪的东西。故选B项。
3．【C】考查副副词义辨析。句意：“那些是什么？”他兴奋地问叔叔。A. politely礼貌地；B. hopefully有希望地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. nervously焦虑地。根据上文“But he showed great interest.(但他表现出极大的兴趣)”可知，Afel对滑雪运动有极大的兴趣，所以当再次在电视上看到时，他感到很兴奋。故选C项。
4．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，他决定成为一名滑雪运动员。A. promised承诺；B. joked开玩笑；C. agreed同意；D. decided决定。根据下文“Enough time for me to become a brilliant skier.(有足够的时间让我成为一名出色的滑雪者)”可知，此处表达他决定要作一名滑雪运动员。故选D项。
5．【C】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它就像普通的奥运会一样，但是是一些需要滑雪的运动——跳台滑雪、有舵雪橇，诸如此类。A. parties派对；B. fields领域；C. sports运动；D. courses课程。根据下文“ski jumping, bobsleigh, those sorts of things.(跳台滑雪、有舵雪橇，诸如此类)”可知，这些都是一些雪地上进行的体育运动项目。故选C项。
6．【B】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Afel没有理会他们。A. avoided避免；B. ignored对……不予理会；C. corrected改正；D. criticized批评。根据下文“He made himself a pair of skis from two pieces of wood.(他用两块木头给自己做了一副滑雪板)”以及“Afel didn’t care.(Afel并不在乎他们)”可知，他并不在乎别人的对他的说法和看法，并没有理会他们。故选B项。
7．【C】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把它们绑在脚上，手里拿着两根棍子练习滑雪。A. pushing推；B. pulling拉；C. holding握住；D. waving挥动。根据下文“two sticks in his hands(两根棍子在他手里)”并结合联系滑雪的动作可知，此处表示他手里握着两根棍子联系滑雪。故选C项。
8．【D】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他试着像电视上的人那样从山上飞下来，但是他做不到。A. needed需要；B. prepared准备；C. pretended假装；D. tried试图。根据下文“but he couldn’t(但是他做不到)”可知，此处表示他尝试去做，却做不到。故选D项。
9．【A】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们国家甚至连一支参加冬奥会的队伍都没有。A. even甚至；B. often经常；C. shortly很快；D. finally最后。根据下文“We have good runners and win lots of medals at the Olympics. But no skiing. (我们有优秀的跑步运动员，在奥运会上赢得了很多奖牌。但是滑雪没有)”可知，国家并没有过滑雪运动员，此处表示一种“强调”，也表示出别人对Afel能否成为滑雪运动员的一种怀疑，需用even进行强调。故选A项。
10．【B】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他认为黄沙和棕色的土地就像金牌一样金子，当他成为冠军时，他会将此带回家。A. explorer探险者；B. champion冠军；C. genius天才；D. adventurer冒险家。根据上文“as gold as the medal he will bring home(像金牌一样，他会将此带回家)”可知，获得金牌即是他成为冠军的时刻。故选B项。
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。
A
Students are busy. Between classes, homework and family, there can be a lot to balance. So why do we suggest that you join a student organization? In fact, doing this will have a great effect on the students, ____11____ goals are to become better in school and future life. First of all, you will feel ____12____(delight) to have so many opportunities to learn more about yourselves and your strengths. You can also find out ____13____ you’re good at, whether that’s listening, staying organized, or serving others. This self-awareness will be beneficial in your future career.
【参考答案】
11．whose    12．delighted    13．what
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了学生们参加学生组织的益处就是可以让他们更加了解自己的强项和优势，从而有利于未来的职业发展。
【详情解析】
11．【whose】考查定语从句。句意：事实上，这样做将会对于那些想要在未来的学校和生活当中变得更好的学生有很大的影响。此处为定语从句修饰先行词students，先行词在从句中作goals的定语，表示所属关系，只能用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
12．【delighted】考查形容词。句意：首先，你会很高兴可以拥有很多的机会去更多了解你自己和你的优势。空处应用形容词作feel的表语，delighted意为“感到高兴的”，符合句意。故填delighted。
13．【what】考查宾语从句。句意：你也会发现你所擅长的东西，是否是倾听，保持有条不紊，或者为他人服务。空处引导宾语从句，在宾语从句中充当at的宾语，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。
B
The people living in Wenchuan county will never forget the day 12 May, 2008. Now, more than 10 years on, the people in Wenchuan are living a new life. Many live in new towns___14___are earthquake-safe. The people will never forget those__15__rescued them and helped them rebuild their home. Out of gratitude, many young adults have chosen to study medicine or join the army in a wish__16__(help) more people. Wenchuan has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.
【参考答案】
14．which/that    15．who    16．to help
【语篇解读】
本文为说明文，主要讲述了汶川人民现在的生活。
【详情解析】
14．【which】考查定语从句。句意：许多人住在地震安全的新市镇。此处引导定语从句，先行词为towns，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填which。
15．【who】考查定语从句。句意：人民永远不会忘记那些帮助他们重建家园的人。此处引导定语从句，先行词为those，表示“那些人”，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故填who。
16．【to help】考查动词不定式。句意：出于感激，许多年轻人选择学医或参军，希望帮助更多的人。此处用动词不定式作定语修饰名词wish，故填to help。
C
In the past few years, the number of wild animals ____17____ (decrease). If nothing ____18____ (do), man will be punished by nature. ____19____ (lucky), people begin to take actions. Some nature reserves (保护区) ____20____ (build) now so that animals can live in peace. If everyone has the sense of protecting wildlife, it is certain that an atmosphere of wildlife protection will come into being.
【参考答案】
17．has decreased    18．is done    19．Luckily    20．are being built
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人们现在已经开始采取行动保护野生动物。
【详情解析】
17．【has decreased】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几年里，野生动物的数量减少了。由“In the past few years”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语“the number of wild animals”指的是野生动物的数量，是单数，因此空格处是has decreased，故填has decreased。
18．【is done】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：如果不采取行动，人类将受到自然的惩罚。if引导的是条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时，且nothing和do之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用一般现在时的被动语态，即is/are done，主语nothing是不定代词，其后谓语动词用单数，因此空格处填is done，故填is done。
19．【Luckily】考查副词。句意：幸运的是，人们开始采取行动。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，lucky
的副词是luckily，意为“幸运的是”，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Luckily。
20．【are being built】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：一些自然保护区正在建设中，这样动物们就可以和平地生活了。由now可知，句子时态用现在进行时，保护区是被建，因此空格处是现在进行时的被动语态，即is/are being done，主语“Some nature reserves”是复数，因此空格处是are being built。故填are being built。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节， 38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Emily Urich  18 years old  Canada
A lot of teens aren’t responsible(有责任感的), and that’s where I’m different. Not just about school but everyday things, like being able to pay my own credit card (信用卡) bills on time.
The first time I got a cartoon book was on my third birthday, From then on. I fell in deep love with it. And can you guess how many cartoon books I’ve read? I don’t really know the exact number. But I have three full boxes of them under my bed. I also like drawing cartoons and wish to be an art teacher in a school.
Joe Miller  16 years old  America
I’m proud of doing things in my own way. So whenever somebody wants me to do something or whatever it is. I feel like they’re all other people’s thoughts, not really mine. But like others, I love reading, too.
When I first took skiing lessons, I found it exciting. For skiing racing, there’s no question that I’m better shape than most boys. I think it’s fun. I mean, it is a challenge. It’s where I picked up the idea of needing a challenge always in my life. In order to improve my skiing skills, I have read many books and magazines about it. No doubt it’s my dream to win gold medals in the Olympic Games.
An Oi   15 years old   China
I’m different because I prefer to drop out of the world to create my own world. I’d like to build a house on a mountain. And I choose to live without electricity, a telephone, or even indoor plumbing(卫生设备).
I have many hobbies such as traveling, reading, writing and spending time with children. I love children because they are smart and creative. They always have many strange ideas. It makes me excited. I want to do something for Hope Project and become a country school teacher.
21．According to Emily, we can infer (推断) that _________.
A．other people trust her B．she does sports at weekends
C．she laughs at other people D．she gets up late on Sundays
22．We know that Joe Miller_________.
A．doesn’t like to follow others B．thinks skiing is too dangerous
C．does well in drawing cartoons D．enjoys living somewhere quietly
23．An Qi wants to be a country school teacher because_________.
A．she wants to travel B．her parents are teachers
C．she loves children D．she comes from the countryside
【参考答案】
21．A    22．A    23．C
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇应用文。介绍的是来自与三位不同国家的青少年的兴趣爱好以及自己的梦想。
【详情解析】
21．【A】推理判断题。根据第一段中的首句“A lot of teens aren’t responsible(有责任感的), and that’s where I’m different.(很多青少年不负责任，这就是我与众不同的地方。)”可知，Emily是个很有责任心的人，因此可推断，其他人很信任他。故选A项。
22．【A】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I’m proud of doing things in my own way.(我为以自己的方式做事而感到自豪。)”可知，Joe Miller按自己的方式做事情，不会跟随其他人。故选A项。
23．【C】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“I love children because they are smart and creative. (我喜欢孩子，因为他们聪明而有创造力。)”和“I want to do something for Hope Project and become a country school teacher.(我想为希望工程做点什么，成为一名乡村学校教师。)”可知，An Qi想去做乡村教师，是因为她喜欢孩子，想为孩子们做些什么。故选C项。
B

This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life. It sounds like something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!
71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin back into the wild. However, Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and wouldn’t leave.
“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat with new feathers, he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”
Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo TV, told The Independent: “I have never seen anything like this before. I think the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”
However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic species are known to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in search of food, there has been a worrying rise in the phenomenon of oceanic creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David Zee from Rio de Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from leaked tanker oil.
Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets.
Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to avoid relationships like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the animal into the wild. But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay with Joao because of his kindness.”
24．Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to ________.
A．avoid being killed B．meet his rescuer
C．escape from ocean currents(洋流) D．find much more fish
25．When Din was found in 2011, ________.
A．he was dying B．he was running on the beach
C．he was resting on a rock D．he was cleaning oil off his feathers
26．What can we learn about Joao from the passage?
A．He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities(权威人士).
B．He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.
C．His contact(接触) with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.
D．His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.
27．The story in the passage mainly shows ________.
A．the living habits of penguins B．the love between humans and wildlife
C．increased danger from leaked tanker oil D．the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind
【参考答案】
24．B    25．A    26．D    27．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。一只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人——Joao团聚，本文讲述了这只企鹅与Joao之间的故事。
【详情解析】
24．【B】细节理解题。根据第一段中“This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life.(这只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人团聚)”可知，每年Din游这么长的距离来到巴西海滩，是为了与他的救命恩人相见，故选B。
25．【A】细节理解题。根据第二段中“71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.(71岁的退休砖瓦工若昂住在巴西里约热内卢郊外的一个小岛上，2011年，他在当地的海滩上发现了躺在岩石上的Magellanic企鹅。企鹅浑身是油，时间不多了。)”可知，在2011年Din被发现时，他快要死了，故选A。
26．【D】推理判断题。根据第二段中“71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running out of time fast.(71岁的退休砖瓦工若昂住在巴西里约热内卢郊外的一个小岛上，2011年，他在当地的海滩上发现了躺在岩石上的小麦哲伦企鹅。企鹅浑身是油，时间不多了。)”和第三段中“ “I love the penguin like it’s my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV.(“我爱企鹅就像爱自己的孩子一样，我相信企鹅也爱我，”乔奥告诉环球电视台。) ”可推知，Joao的好心赢得了企鹅的信任，故选D。
27．【B】推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its life.(这只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人团聚)”可知，本文主要讲述了一只南美Magellanic企鹅每年都会游5000英里来到巴西的一个海滩为了与拯救它生命的人——Joao团聚，这展示了人类和野生动物之间的友爱，故选B。
C
The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors and flying into street corners. From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning and leaf fall is not the usual gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones (温带) but a stress response by trees trying to preserve water. We are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels wrong.
There is, therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms. Droughts are not unknown to the UK, of course, and too many parts of the world are certainly familiar with far more severe versions. But increasingly they are occurring in the context of a climate emergency, and record-breaking heat. And the beauty of a false autumn, specifically, has an emotional effect, a deep weirdness, something mysteriously suggestive of evil or danger.
Cultures across the world contain ceremonies for the propitiation (宽恕) of the weather; a sense of responsibility for the natural world- and the belief that it will punish us if we fail it—is as old as humanity. One of the reasons why the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the directness with which it links the shooting of an albatross (信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning, death-dealing sun. We may not understand the mechanism, but at an instinctual (本能的) level it feels right.
And in a similar way it has not really been a surprise to hear that birds are struggling. In London, young swifts (雨燕) were seen falling out of the sky. Fewer—and too early—nuts and berries mean some animals will not live through this winter. Older trees, with their longer roots, will hopefully survive, but young trees may not—all that promises further warming. There will always be a degree of uncertainty about the causes of specific weather events, but we cannot deny that we have not taken care of the albatross. Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days can be an autumn of autumns.
28．According to the passage, what is a disturbing sign of “a false autumn”?
A．Tree leaves are turning orange and fall gradually in winter.
B．Birds are struggling to fall out of the sky in London.
C．People worldwide are careless of droughts and heat in the UK.
D．Nuts and berries ripen earlier but yield less than before.
29．Why is Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner so effective?
A．Because people across the world sympathize with the albatross.
B．Because it directly links destruction of wildlife to extreme weather.
C．Because we are certain about how the weather shifts instinctually.
D．Because he is an established Romantic poet curious about nature.
30．What is the overall tone of the passage?
A．Optimistic. B．Concerned. C．Humorous. D．Ironic (讽刺的).
【参考答案】
28．A    29．B    30．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了气候变暖导致“虚假秋天”的出现，呼吁人们将这种现象视为警告，采取措施阻止全球变暖现象进一步恶化。
【详情解析】
28．【A】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The woods are turning orange. Drifts of dry leaves are growing on forest floors and flying into street corners. From a distance, it is beautiful. But the air is still warm and summery. This turning and leaf fall is not the usual gradual preparation for winter in temperate zones (温带) but a stress response by trees trying to preserve water. (树林正在变成橙色。干枯的树叶飘落在森林地面上，飞到街角。从远处看，它很美。但空气仍然温暖、像是夏季。这种转变和落叶不是温带冬季通常的逐渐准备，而是树木试图保水的应激反应。)”可知，本来秋天树叶变黄落下，现在冬天树叶变黄落下，人们误把冬天当秋天，就是虚假秋天。由此可知，“虚假秋天”的令人不安的迹象是树叶在冬天逐渐变成橙色并落下。故选A。
29．【B】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“One of the reasons why the Romantic poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s 1798 poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is so effective is the directness with which it links the shooting of an albatross (信天翁)—the destruction of innocent wildlife—to a terrible change in the weather: no rain, just burning, death-dealing sun.(浪漫主义诗人Samuel Taylor Coleridge1798年的诗The Rime of the Ancient Mariner如此有效的原因之一是，它直接将射杀信天翁——无辜野生动物的毁灭——与可怕的天气变化联系起来：没有雨，只有灼热的、致命的太阳)”可知，Coleridge1798年的诗歌The Rime of the Ancient Mariner如此有效是因为它将野生动物的毁灭与极端天气直接联系起来。故选B。
30．【B】推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句“We are now in a false autumn, caused by heat and drought. And it feels wrong.( 我们现在处于一个由炎热和干旱造成的虚假秋天。这感觉不对)”和文章第二段第一句“There is, therefore, something deeply disturbing about such a graphic alteration of familiar rhythms.(因此，这种对熟悉的节律的形象改变令人深感不安)”以及最后一段最后一句“Now we must hope we are doing enough to make sure that these fearful golden days can be an autumn of autumns. (现在，我们必须希望我们正在做的足够多，以确保这些可怕的金色日子成为一个真正秋天中的秋天)”可知，作者在文中文章讲述了气候变暖导致出现“虚假秋天”，呼吁人们将这种现象视为警告，采取措施阻止全球变暖进一步恶化。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的整体基调是担心的。故选B。
D
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years—so why shouldn’t we? Take a broader look at our species’ place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up homo sapiens (智人) in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.”
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and institutions are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a mechanical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive (构想). That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves.
This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad (狂热). To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
31．Our vision of the future used to be influenced by ________.
A．our desire for lives of fulfillment B．our faith in science and technology
C．our awareness of potential risks D．our belief in equal opportunity
32．The IUCN’s “Red List” suggests that human beings are ________.
A．a sustained species B．a misplaced race
C．a threat to the environment D．the world’s dominant power
33．What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A．Arc helps limit the scope of futurological studies. B．Technology offers solutions to social problem.
C．The interest in science fiction is on the rise. D．Our immediate future is hard to imagine.
34．To ensure the future of mankind, it is crucial to ________.
A．explore our planet’s abundant resources B．adopt an optimistic view of the world
C．draw on our experience from the past D．control our ambition to reshape history
【参考答案】
31．B    32．A    33．D    34．C
【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。文章主要讲述在人类发展的长河里，没有什么是一成不变的。要保障人类的未来，借鉴我们过去的经验很重要。
【详情解析】
31．【B】推理判断题。根据第一段“Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely—though by no means uniformly—glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.”(直到几十年前，我们对未来的憧憬在很大程度上是积极的，但绝不是一成不变的。科学技术将治愈人类的所有弊病，为所有人带来充实和机会的生活。)可知，我们对未来的憧憬过去常常受到对科学技术的信任所影响。故选B。
32．【A】推理判断题。根据第三段“Look up homo sapiens (智人) in the “Red List” of threatened species of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and you will read: “Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline.””(查找智人在国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的濒危物种“红色名录”中，你会看到：“被列为最不受关注物种，因为该物种分布非常广泛，目前正在增加，并且没有造成总体种群下降的重大威胁。”)可知，从国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）的濒危物种“红色名录”可以看出，人类是最不可能灭绝的物种，是持续生存的物种。故选A。
33．【D】推理判断题。根据第五段“Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today’s technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it’s perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can conceive (构想). That’s one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.”(也许是故意的，考虑这么长的时间可能比考虑更近的未来更容易。当今技术的潜在演变及其社会后果是极其复杂的，也许最好留给科幻作家和未来学家来探索我们可以设想的许多可能性。这就是我们推出Arc的一个原因，Arc是一个致力于近期的新出版物。)可知，我们的近期未来是很难想象到的。故选D。
34．【C】细节理解题。根据第六段“But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants (后代) will find themselves.”(但从长远来看，我们可以相当肯定地说，有一个惊人的数字。通常，过去是未来的关键：我们现在已经确定了足够多的影响地球和我们物种历史的长期模式，以便对我们后代的处境做出基于证据的预测会发现自己。)可知，要保障人类的未来，借鉴我们过去的经验很重要。故选C。
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Make Sure Your Idea Doesn’t Die
Getting great ideas? It’s Easy. Following up on them is hard! ____35____.
Ask “Why doesn’t this work”.
Although he might have had the idea for it, Steve Jobs didn’t just have the iPhone’s unique touch screen in a single night. Instead, he thought about the present situation of smart phones and continually asked a single question: “Why don’t they work?” ____36____.
___37___.
A good routine often helps you put your ideas into action. Toni Morrison, an outstanding writer, has a more special routine centered on daylight. She rises at around 5:00 each morning to watch the dawn. For her, it’s important to wake before the light and observe the transition(转变) into day. ____38____. Whatever you choose as your morning routine, consider it as the reliable framework that gives you the best idea.
Don’t fly alone.
When ideas meet in a shared physical or mental space, creative ideas are bound to happen—which is great. Working in a shared physical space just might help you find your ideal creative partners. ____39____. Besides, they may provide detailed focus that might not be your strong suit. Of course, partners needn’t pursue everything together. A creative conversation is more useful, which can set up a series of goals toward which the individual team members are free to work on their own.
A．Make full use of your spare time
B．Never ignore the power of routine
C．They can strengthen your confidence and give some valuable suggestions
D．This one little question helped him get from an idea to a practical solution
E．He makes a great contribution to “the look and feel of the product”
F．Here are some tips to make sure your great idea becomes a reality
G．She considers it a special moment that inspires her to write
【参考答案】
35．F    36．D    37．B    38．G    39．C
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要就如何让自己的想法变成现实提供了可行的方法。
【详情解析】
35．【F】根据下文给出的三种方法可知，此处应该是一个过渡句，起承上启下的作用。故选F项。
36．【D】根据该空前面“Why don’t they work?”可推出“This one little question helped him get from an idea to a practical solution”就是这个小问题帮他把想法变成了实际的解决方案，这样搭配符合上下文逻辑。故选D项。
37．【B】分析文章可知，此处是选起总结性作用的小标题。通过分析下面自然段的大意可知，该段主要讲好的日常生活模式也会有助于把想法变成现实。故选B项。
38．【G】联系前文“For her, it’s important to wake before the light and observe the transition(转变) into day”对于她来说在天亮以前起床观察一整天的变化是很重要的，接下句“She considers it a special moment that inspires her to write”她把这个时刻看作是启发写作的特殊时刻，此句中的special moment就是指天亮以前，这样上下句切合紧密且符合逻辑。故选G项。
39．【C】根据此空的上下文可知，此处讲关于找搭档的话题。找到理想的且有创造力的搭档会让你更加自信而且也可以给你有价值的建议，这样前后句符合逻辑。Partners是复数形式，后文用they来代指，语法上也符合。故选C项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节， 32 分)
第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When my father was celebrating a milestone birthday, I pulled together a surprise gift that he would never forget.
On his 60th birthday, I had a fun idea: What if I could get the memories people had of him, put each one into an envelope—60 in total—and have him open them, one by one, on his birthday? So, I wrote an e-mail to family and friends, explaining my idea.
I sent the e-mail and waited. And then the replies started coming in and I was very, very astonished. There were so many memories, and they were all so lovely. They came from the 50s, 60s, 70s, from every decade between now and the day my dad was born. They came from my mother, my siblings, my grandma, my dad’s friends from high school, his sister, my dad’s first boss, a colleague at his first job, from people who hadn’t seen my dad in 40 years, from people I myself hadn’t even informed. They typed them and handwrote them. They mailed them and e-mailed them.
The night before Dad’s birthday, my sister and I stayed up late, putting the mails into envelopes.
The next morning, after breakfast and presents and cake, we gave the pile of envelopes to him. “Just one more thing for you,” we said.
It took him a long time to open them and read. Each one was a brief ticket to another time, a leap backward over years and decades. There was a lot of laughter and a few tears on his face.
I was kind of sad when the project of the memories about my father was over because it was great fun to collect these memories.
40．When did the author give her father a surprise gift? (no more than 5 words)
________________________________________________________________
41．Why did the author and her sister stay up late the night before their father’s birthday? (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________
42．How did the author’s father most probably feel when he read the mails? (no more than 2 words)
________________________________________________________________
43．What was the surprise gift? (no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
40． On his 60th birthday.    
41． Because they needed to put the mails into envelopes.    
42． Excited.    
43．The memories about the author’s father.
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇记叙文。在文中作者讲述了她在父亲60岁生日时是如何给父亲送上一份特别的生日礼物的故事。在父亲生日前她突然有了一个主意，就是给父亲收集60个熟悉他的人对过去事情的美好回忆，然后放到信封里，去给父亲一个惊喜。然后她真地实践了自己的想法，成功地收集到了那些美好的回忆，给父亲了一个难忘的生日礼物。
【详情解析】
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“On his 60th birthday, I had a fun idea: What if I could get the memories people had of him, put each one into an envelope—60 in total—and have him open them, one by one, on his birthday?（在他60岁生日时，我有了一个有趣的想法：如果我能把人们对他的记忆,每一份都装进一个信封里——总共60份——让他在生日那天把它们一个一个地打开，会怎么样？）”可知，作者送给父亲特别的礼物是在他60岁生日那天，故答案为On his 60th birthday.。
41．考查细节理解。根据文章第四段“The night before Dad’s birthday, my sister and I stayed up late, putting the mails into envelopes.(爸爸生日的前一天晚上，我和姐姐熬夜，把邮件装进信封里。)”可知他们晚上熬夜是要把信装进信封。故答案为Because they needed to put the mails into envelopes.。
42．考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“There was a lot of laughter and a few tears too.(他的脸上有很多笑声和几滴眼泪。)”可判断出父亲非常激动的，感动的，快乐的，又笑又流泪。故答案为Excited/Moved/Happy。
43．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“On his 60th birthday, I had a fun idea: What if I could get the memories people had of him, put each one into an envelope—60 in total—and have him open them, one by one, on his birthday?（在他60岁生日时，我有了一个有趣的想法：如果我能把人们对他的记忆,每一份都装进一个信封里——总共60份——让他在生日那天把它们一个一个地打开，会怎么样？）结合文章内容可知作者给父亲的礼物是别人有关父亲的回忆。故答案为The memories about the author’s father.
第二节(20 分)
假设你是红星中学学生会主席李华，你校学生会邀请了某大学外教Mr. White下周末来校做关于中西文化差异的讲座，现因新冠疫情（COVID-19）无法正常举行，请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
1. 表示歉意并说明原因；
2. 提出新的解决方案并征求意见。
词数：100词左右，开头结尾已经给出，不计入总词数
Dear Mr. White,
I am Li Hua, Chairman of Students’ Union of Hongxing High School.________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考答案】
Dear Mr. White,
I am Li Hua, Chairman of Students’ Union of Hongxing High School. We are particularly sorry to tell you that the lecture scheduled for next weekend can’t take place as planned, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. I’m writing to consult you about a workable solution.
To safeguard the health of everyone involved, we have two alternative plans in mind. We can switch to an on-line conferencing platform so that we will still be able to listen to your much-anticipated lecture next weekend. Or we can reschedule the lecture for a later date until further notice. Could you please tell us which option suits you best?
Looking forward to your reply.
                                                                                                                                                               Yours,                                                                                                                                                         Li Hua
【语篇解读】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Mr. White写一封邮件，针对讲座无法正常举行表达歉意，并提出新的解决方案。
【详情解析】
1.词汇积累
由于：due to→owing to
可行的：workable→viable/feasible
保护：safeguard→protect/preserve
可供选择的：alternative→selective
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：To safeguard the health of everyone involved, we have two alternative plans in mind.
拓展句：We have two alternative plans in mind, whose aim is to safeguard the health of everyone involved.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】We are particularly sorry to tell you that the lecture scheduled for next weekend can’t take place as planned, due to the COVID-I9 pandemic. (运用了that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】We can switch to an on-line conferencing platform so that we will still be able to listen to your much-anticipated lecture next weekend. (运用了so that引导的结果状语从句)