【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题06《形容词和副词》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用）

这是一份【备战2023高考】英语专题讲与练——专题06《形容词和副词》全能练（含解析）（新高考地区专用），文件包含专题06形容词和副词解析版docx、专题06形容词和副词原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共23页， 欢迎下载使用。

专题06 形容词和副词
（解析版）
三年真题
1. 【2022·全国乙卷】 As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ______ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
1. largest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
2. 【2022·全国甲卷】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more (meaning).
2. meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
3. 【2022·全国甲卷】In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ______ (high) mountain.
3. highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
4. 【2021·全国乙卷】It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ______ (educate)about the areas
4. educated
【解析】考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
5. 【2021·全国乙卷】Provide ______(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
5. financial
【解析】考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
6. 【2021·全国甲卷】After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what _____ (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
6. better
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。
7. 【2021·全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their ________ (day) routines.
7. daily
【解析】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。
8. 【2021·新高考I卷】The amazing thing   about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ________ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us _______(astonish).
8. hotter；astonished
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。
【解析】考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。
9. 【2021·新高考I卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _______ (ache) legs.
9. aching
【解析】考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
10. 【2021·全国新高考II卷】I told him how _______ (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
10. harmful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。
11. 【2021·全国新高考II卷】I was so________ (excite) when he wrote back to me.
11. excited
【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。
12. 【2021·浙江】This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including ________ (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
12. lower
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。
13. 【2021·天津】While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
A．satisfied B．focused C．amused D．delighted
13. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。A. satisfied满意的；B. focused专注的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误，攀岩的时候需要保持专注，focused符合语境。故选B。
14. 【2021·天津】It’s a good idea to choose a(n) ________ destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.
A．annual B．exact C．alternative D．pleasant
14. C
【解析】考查形容词。句意：如果你首选的旅游景点没有了，选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。A. annual年度的；B. exact准确的；C. alternative替代的；D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available”可知此处指替代目的地，应用alternative。故选C。
15. 【2020·天津】According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.
A．worthwhile B．necessary C．optional D．serious
15. C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。A. worthwhile值得的；B. necessary必要的；C. optional 可选择的，选修的；D. serious严肃的，认真的。根据“we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是“可选择的”。故选C。
16. 【2020·江苏】The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
A．absurd B．abrupt C．allergic D．authentic
16. B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A. absurd荒谬的；B. abrupt突然的；C. allergic过敏的；D. authentic真实的。根据常识可知，新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。
17. 【2020·全国I卷】Data about the moon’s composition, such as how _____ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
17. much
【解析】考查形容词。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他财富，可以帮助中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用much修饰，故填much。
18. 【2020·全国II卷】Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ______ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
18. beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
19. 【2020·全国III卷】One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their _____ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.
19. finest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
20. 【2020·北京】Oliver says if you're______(luck) enough to have someone close to you who enjoys cooking, ask them and you can join in when it's possible.
20. lucky
【解析】考查形容词。句意：奥利弗说，如果你足够幸运，身边有一个喜欢烹饪的人。空前有be动词，所以空处填形容词做表语。故填lucky。
21. 【2020·北京】They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human ancestors were________（smart）than the Neanderthals.
21. smarter
【解析】考查形容词的比较级。句意：但长期以来，人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪明。设空处前为were设空处应用形容词，设空处后的than表示比较，应用比较级。故答案为smarter。
22. 【2020·浙江】So on average, the population becomes______(old) than before.
22. older
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：因此，平均来看，人口变得比以前老了。根据下文than before可知应用形容词比较级，故填older。
23. 【2022·浙江】On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, _________（rough） 200 academics
23. roughly
【解析】考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。
24. 【2021·新高考I卷】It will _______(undoubted) help you get refreshed!
24. undoubtedly
【解析】考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
25. 【2021·天津】The police searched the area for several days. ________, they found the piece of evidence they were looking for.
A．Generally B．Originally C．Eventually D．Unfortunately
25. C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终，他们找到了他们一直在努力寻找的证据。A. Generally通常，普遍地；B. Originally起初，原来，独创地；C. Eventually最终；D. Unfortunately不幸地。分析句意，警察一直在努力找证据，努力有了结果，最终找到了，故选C。
26. 【2020·天津】With the widespread use of the Internet, communications across the world have _____________developed over the years.
A．steadily B．differently C．independently D．formally
26. A
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：随着互联网的广泛使用，世界各地的通信多年来稳步发展。A. steadily稳定地，,稳固地；B. differently不同地；C. independently独立地；D. formally正式地。此处指稳步发展，故选A。
27. 【2022·全国新I卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and _____ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
27. eventually
【解析】考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
28. 【2021·天津】As working from home becomes ________ common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A．increasingly B．equally C．nervously D．confusingly
28. A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。A. increasingly越来越多地，渐增地；B. equally相等地；C. nervously紧张地；D. confusingly令人困惑地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍，increasingly符合语境。故选A。
29. 【2021·北京】Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could ________（safe） wait for the police to take her home．
29. safely
【解析】考查副词。句意：山姆带她去了附近的一家便利店，这样她就可以安全地等警察带她回家了。修饰动词wait用副词作状语，故填safely。
30. 【2021·浙江】But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed _______(sharp).
30. sharply
【解析】考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
31. 【2020·全国I卷】Landing on the moon’s far side is ______ (extreme) challenging.
31. extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
32. 【2020·全国II卷】______ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
32. Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
33. 【2020·全国III卷】As the small boat moved, _____ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
33. gently
【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
34. 【2020·浙江】This is______(particular)true in the US. The second reason is that people are living longer.
34. particularly
【解析】考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词，故填particularly。
考频统计
在2020-2022年三年高考真题中，形容词和副词的考查频率统计如下：
形容词和副词
考频
出处
形容词
22次
【2022·全国乙卷】 【2022·全国甲卷】【2021·全国乙卷】【2021·全国甲卷】【2021·新高考I卷】【2021·新高考II卷】【2021·浙江】【2021·天津】【2020·天津】【2020·江苏】【2020·全国I卷】【2020·全国II卷】【2020·全国III卷】【2020·北京】【2020·浙江】
副词
12次
【2022·全国新I卷】【2022·浙江】【2021·新高考I卷】【2021·天津】
【2021·北京】【2021·浙江】【2020·天津】【2020·全国I卷】
【2020·全国II卷】【2020·全国III卷】【2020·浙江】
考点清单
一、形容词的句法功能
功能
用法
例句
定语
前置定语
一般形容词直接放在名词或代词前
He is reading a frightening ghost story.
后置定语
alive, alike, alone等表语形容词作后置定语
He is the happiest person alive.
形容词修饰不定代词时
I have something important to tell you.
当以-able和-ible结尾的形容词做前有形容词最高级或only等修饰的名词的定语时
This is the only room available in the hotel.
形容词短语
This is a book suitable for children.
成对的形容词作定语
She has many erasers, colorful and beautiful.
当old, long, high, wide, deep等词附有数量词短语作定语时
At that time she was only a girl of five years old.
可前可后
既可以做前置定语，也可以做后置定语，含义不同
the members present 在场的成员
the present members 现有的成员
the factory proper 工厂本部
the proper factory 合适的工厂
the concerned doctor 关切的医生
the doctor concerned 有关的医生
the opposite direction相反的方向
the door opposite 对面的门
表语
表语形容词
常见的表语形容词有: afraid, alone, awake, asleep, alive, alike, ashamed, afloat, well, sorry, unable, worth, sure等
The boy is still asleep.
主语是物不是人的形容词
(im)possible, (un)necessary, (im)probable, (in)convenient等作表语时，主语通常是“事”而不是“人”
It is not convenient to work at the weekend.
宾补
与使役动词或感官动词连用
He found the door open.
状语
修饰人的状态
He returned home, safe and sound.
主语/宾语
有些形容词如good, beautiful, bad, ugly, true等前面加定冠词the，就变成了名词词性
The old are respected here and there.

介词+形容词作宾语，构成的固定搭配
in brief 简明扼要地; at least 至少
for certain/sure 肯定地; in full 完全地
in general 大体上; in short 简而言之
in private 私下地; in vain 徒劳
二、副词的句法功能
功能
例句
状语
修饰动词
He studies hard.
修饰形容词
He isn’t old enough to join the army.
修饰副词
He does very well in English.
修饰名词
He was absent from school for quite a long time.
修饰介词短语
he came back to his hometown shortly after the war.
修饰不定代词
Nearly everybody came to the party.
修饰句子
Hopefully, I’ll be able to stay at home for 3 weeks this time.
表语
指主语的方向、方位等
The head teacher was here just now.
宾补
I’m glad to see you back.
定语
On her way home, she met a friend of hers.
三、形容词、副词的比较等级
1. 原级
含义
用法
例句
A和B一样
A... as + adj./adv.原级+as B
The book is still as popular among children as before.
A是B的几倍
A ... times + as + adj./adv.原级+as B
This room is three times as large as that one.
2. 比较级
含义
用法
例句
比......更......
比较级+than...
He gets up earlier than anyone else in his class.
两者中更......的
the+比较级+of...
He is the taller of the 2 boys.
两者同样不......
no+比较级+than...
He is no taller than his brother.
越......,越......
the+比较级，the+比较级
The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
越来越......
比较级+and+比较级
The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
常用来修饰比较级的词：rather, much, still, even, far, a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit, three times
3. 最高级
用法
例句
the+最高级+ among/of all(同类)
in+范围等(不同类)
Li Ming is the most hard-working student in his class.
“否定词+比较级”表示最高级含义
He has never spent a more worrying day.
常用来修饰最高级的词：by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like和序数词等
4. 比较级、最高级的构成规则

构成
原级
比较级
最高级
规则变化
一般加-er，-est
strong
stronger
strongest
以字母e结尾只加-r，-st
wide
wider
widest
以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写辅音字母加-er，-est
hot
hotter
hottest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，将y变为i，再加-er，-est
ugly
uglier
ugliest
以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，y不变，直接加-er，-est
grey
greyer
greyest
其他双音节或多音节词，在前加more或most
quickly
more quickly
most quickly
不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/badly
worse
worst
far
farther（指距离：更远的）
further（既指距离，又指程度：更深入的）
farthest
furthest
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
old
older（指年龄、新旧；指血缘：年纪较长的）
elder（指血缘：年纪较长的）
oldest
eldest
四、形容词变副词的规则
情况
构成
例词
例外
一般情况
加-ly
quick-quickly
brave-bravely

辅音字母+y结尾
y改为i再加-ly
easy-easily
happy-happily
shy-shyly
dry-dryly
-le结尾
去e加-y
simple-simply
gentle-gently
whole-wholly
元音字母+e结尾
去e加-ly
true-truly

-ll结尾
只加-y
full-fully
dull-dully

-ic结尾
加-ally
basic-basically
scientific-scientifically

注意：
以-ly结尾的形容词
friendly 友好的 lovely 可爱的 lively 生动的 lonely 孤独的 deadly 致命的
monthly 每月的 yearly 每年的 daily 每日的 weekly 每周的
五、易混形容词、副词
1. ago, before
副词
用法
例句
ago
从现在算起若干时间以前，常与一般过去时连用
I graduated from the college 10 years ago.
before
与过去某一时间算起若干时间以前，常与过去完成时连用
She said that she had married him 5 months before.
2. hardly, hard
词
词性
用法
例句
hard
adj.
艰难的
This is a hard job.
adv.
努力地
Peter works so hard.
hardly
adv.
几乎不
We can hardly believe it.
3. too, either, also, as well
词
词意
用法
例句
too
也
(肯定句)
放在句末
It is a more efficient system and it is cheaper too.
also
放在句中，大多放在be、助动词、情态动词之后，或实义动词之前
My girlfriend is also called Helen.
as well
放在句末或句中
If he winks at you, you may wink back as well.
either
也不
放在句末
Mary won’t go and Peter won’t go either.
4. late. later, latter, latest, lately
词
词性
用法
例句
late
adj.&adv.
晚，迟
The birthday card arrived three days late.
latter
adj.
（两者中）后者的
The latter point is the most important.
later
adj.
后来的
This is discussed in more detail in a later chapter.
adv.
后来
I met her again later.
latest
adj.
最新的
Have you heard the latest news?
lately
adv.
最近
It is only lately that she’s been well enough to go out.
变式练习
基础练
1. The river was so polluted that it (actual) caught fire and burned.
2. I love cooking, so it's very (nature) for me to share the food 1 make with my family and friends.
3. Family has a great influence on our personal development. If we are from a happy family, we tend to be
(cheer) and optimistic
4. We can't have a ____ (good) choice to do it right now.
5. The little girl (total) understood what her father said just now.
6. Of all the five boys, he is the (tall).
7. He is a ( disappoint) child and his parents are ( disappoint) with him.
8. What have you been doing (late)?
9. As he works in a remote area, he visits his parents only ( occasion).
10. ( surprising)，the British are most likely to chat with strangers.
参考答案：
1. actually 2. natural 3. cheerful 4. better 5. totally
6. tallest 7. disappointing; disappointed 8. later 9. occasionally 10. surprisingly
提升练
1.I am so (gratitude) to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.
2. We have done half the work so far. _____ ( hopeful), we will have finished it by December.
3. Nowadays our government is (seriously) about health care and welfare of its people.
4. The trees are watered_____ (regular) and they grow faster.
5. We should try to do (much) work with (little) money.
6. To my great surprise, the little boy (skillful) fixed my computer in ten minutes.
7. Earthquakes are (extreme) difficult to predict.
8. There must be an (easy) way to do that.
9. At least 75 animal welfare organizations exist in that country which provide care and adoption services for
(home) and ill-treated animals.
10. Learning these skills at an early age is one of the_____ (good) things that could happen to your child.
参考答案：
1. grateful 2. Hopefully 3. serious 4. regularly 5. more; less
6. skillfully 7. extremely 8. easier 9. homeless 10. best