(通用版)高考英语二轮复习写作备考技巧专题08《强调倒装虚拟语气句型丰富细节的手段》(含答案)

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧

专题（八）强调倒装虚拟句型+丰富文章细节的手段

     特殊句型是英语书面表达中的高级句式，其中强调句和倒装句是较为常见的特殊句型。而虚拟语气也是高中较难掌握的句型之一。它们的准确使用能够彰显考生的英语水平，提高写作档次。

一．   重点突出的强调句型

（一）强调句的基本句式结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他成分。它可以强调除谓语动词外的其它任何成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。在续写和概写中灵活运用强调句不仅能突出重点、增强表达，更能彰显考生的英语运用能力。

It is just the so-called inconvenience that displays the richness, delicacy and great fascination of Chinese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019年浙江高考书面表达)

在写作中运用强调句型可以采取以下步骤：

1. 在一个写好的句子中找出需要强调的成分，如主语、宾语、状语等；
2. 根据句子的时态确定is或was；
3. 然后把要强调的成分套进句式里，It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他成分。

例：We created a harmonious atmosphere with sincerity and faithfulness.

如果我们要强调状语，即with sincerity and faithfulness，在确定好时态was后，把需要强调的部分放在it was后，that后放除强调外的剩余成分便得到：

It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere.

         （二）强调句常用句式

        1. It is/was + 被强调的部分 + that/who + 句子其它成分

          It is on the playground this Friday afternoon that a volleyball game will be held. (2019全国一卷书面表达)

  It was because of their help that a disaster was avoided. (2017年浙江高考书面表达)

  2. Is/was it + 被强调的部分 + that/who + 句子其它成分

          Was it in the park that the children saw the strange green objects?

3. 特殊疑问词 + is/was it + 被强调的部分 + 句子其它成分

When was it that you made up your mind to work as a volunteer teacher?

4. It is/was not until that + 句子其它成分

It wasn’t until he went through real hardship that he realized the love for a family counts.

5. 注意：强调谓语动词时，可以用助动词do/does/did

We did hope there would be more meaningful activities in the coming future. (2015年北京高考)

二．   平衡句子的倒装句型

英语书面表达中的倒装举行主要包括部分倒装和全倒装。一般应用文、议论文、故事续写和文章概写都可使用倒装句型，可以使句子更为生动和高级。考生平时应多注意和练习以下句型。

1. “only + 状语”置于句首时，句子需要使用部分倒装。

We can help to construct an energy-saving society only with joint efforts.

Only with joint efforts can we help to construct an energy-saving society.

2. none, neither, nor, never, hardly, scarcely, barely, little, seldom等否定词或at no time, in no way, under no circumstances, by no means, not until, not only, not a single word等表示否定意义的短语放于句首时，句子也要部分倒装。

①. He not only made a promise, but also he kept it.

Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.

②. We had no sooner arrived at the activity center than we signed up for the Walking Contest.

No sooner had we arrived at the activity center than we signed up for the Walking Contest.

3. 在so/such…that…结构中，当so/such…位于句首时，后面的从句需要考虑使用倒装。

①. We are so eager to win the game that we should prepare for it.

So eager to win the game are we that we should prepare for it. (2019全国一卷书面表达)

②. He drove so carelessly that he almost killed himself.

So carelessly did he drive so carelessly that he almost killed himself.

4. as表示尽管时，后面的形容词、名词、副词等成分必须置前；though在这种情况下，是否倒装都可以。

Though/Although/While he was, he still went on with his farm work.

Exhausted as/though he was, he still went on with his farm work.

5. 虚拟语气条件句中的“Were/Should/Had I…”倒装句式

①. Looking back, I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike if I had lost heart.

Looking back, I feel I wouldn’t be able to ride a bike had I lost heart.

②. If I were two years younger, I would do something.

Were I two years younger, I would do something.

6. 以副词there, here, away, down, off, in, out等副词或者in the room, on the wall等介词短语为首时，后面的主语为名词时，需要用全倒装；主语若为人称代词，则不用倒装。

①. Here are some relevant details about it. (2018年全国二卷书面表达)

②.The door opened and in came Mr. Wang.

③. In front of the school stands the hospital.

三．   委婉动听的虚拟语气

   在书面表达中，运用高阶语法虚拟语气需要注意表达的准确性。如果表达不太真实的条件或者表达要求、愿望、强调论述观点的客观性时，考生可以借助虚拟语气，使书面表达更为精彩。

陈述语气变虚拟语气：

①. I didn’t take his advice, so I failed in the exam.

If I had taken his advice, I wouldn’t have failed in the exam.

②. It’s time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.

It’s time that we took measures to protect endangered animals.

写作中常见的虚拟语气句式：

1. If 虚拟语气，与过去、现在、将来相反

If I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends. (2014安徽高考书面表达)

2. …wish…would/had done/were/did… 希望/但愿……

I wish there wouldn’t be too many students in a class.

3. …as if/as though…与过去现在相反，表示“好像”

Everything in my childhood crowded upon my mind as if they had just happened.

4. If only I could/did/had done…我要是……就好了

If only I could go back and reset my goals. (2015重庆高考书面表达)

5. It’s (high/about) time (that)…did/should do…是时候……

It’s high time that both children and parents took action to make some changes.

6. should have done本应该做；shouldn’t have done 本不应该做

I shouldn’t have left Tom. (2016浙江高考书面表达)

7. suggest, propose, order, advise, insist, demand等宾语从句中的虚拟语气(should) do…

To master Mandarin, I strongly suggest you practice with Chinese people. (2015四川高考书面表达)

8. without/but for/but that…含蓄型虚拟语气，表“要不是……”

Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.

提升训练

一．    句子综合训练。根据要求完成下列句子。

1. I didn’t realize the mistake until I grow up. (用强调句强调状语)

__________________________________________________________

2. The children can grow up to be mentally and physically healthy only in this way.(倒装句)

__________________________________________________________

3. That we love peace is known to all. (变为it引导的形式主语)

___________________________________________________________

4. Though our country is rich, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.（将从句倒装）

__________________________________________________________

5. You should try to find a better way. Then you will make greater progress.(改为祈使句)

__________________________________________________________

6. We should take some measures. That is necessary.(改为It is +adj….结构)

__________________________________________________________

7. I was busy working. At that time, my uncle came.(用when连接两个分句)

__________________________________________________________

8. Just when the performances was over, we left the theatre.(用the moment连接两个分句)

__________________________________________________________

9. Your performance was wonderful. I was deeply impressed.(用so…that…连接句子)

__________________________________________________________

10. The technology is developing quickly. We can live longer in the future.(用with结构连接句子)

__________________________________________________________

11. He won the game. We were very surprised. (用what引导的主语从句)

__________________________________________________________

12. He didn’t realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games until he failed in the exam.(用倒装句)

__________________________________________________________

13. I haven’t time, so I will not attend your party.(用if虚拟语气改写)

__________________________________________________________

14. His poems not only have a strong influence on Chinese literature, but also they have been translated into many foreign languages. (not only放句首倒装)

__________________________________________________________

15. We really look forward to your participation because it’s a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China. (强调状语)

__________________________________________________________

16. We spend the time and energy on the present that makes it valuable rather than the money we pay. (强调宾语)

____________________________________________________________

17. Look at the terrible situation I’m in. I didn’t take your advice. (用should have虚拟语气改写)

____________________________________________________________

18. It was pity that I didn’t follow your advice. (用if only 虚拟语气改写)

____________________________________________________________

19. A group of young men rushed out, still discussing the performance with great enthusiasm. (用倒装句改写)

____________________________________________________________

20. You are so kind and considerate that we hope to be friends with you wherever you are. (用倒装句改写)

____________________________________________________________

题目一

【答案】

1. It was not until I grow up that I realized the mistake．

2. Only in this way can the children grow up to be mentally and physically healthy.

3. It is known to all that we love peace.

4. Rich as our country is, the qualities of our living are by no means satisfactory.

5. Try to find a better way and you will make greater progress.

6. It is necessary that we should take some measures.

7. I was busy working when my uncle came.

8. We left the theatre the moment the performances was over.

9. Your performance was so wonderful that I was deeply impressed.

10. With the technology developing quickly, we can live longer in the future.

11. What surprised us so much was that he won the game.

12. Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.

13. If I had time, I would attend your party.

14. Not only do his poems have a strong influence on Chinese literature, but also they have been translated into many foreign languages.

15. It is because it’s a good chance for you to learn the natural knowledge of China that we really look forward to your participation

16. It is the time and energy we spend on the present that makes it valuable rather than the money we pay.

17. Look at the terrible situation I’m in. I should have taken your advice.

18. If only I had followed your advice.

19. Out rushed a group of young men, still discussing the performance with great enthusiasm.

20. So kind and considerate are you that we hope to be friends with you wherever you are.

二．   阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。请尽量使用各种句式技巧。

Steve was the most amazing person in all of Minneapolis, and he was my cousin. By the age of 19, Steve was a star baseball player at the University of Minnesota. I wanted to be exactly like him. So when Steve asked me to go with him on a spring fishing trip in northern Minnesota, I was excited!

After planning the trip, we gathered clothes and supplies, and began our great adventure. We reached the Superior National Forest in northern Minnesota by early evening. On our way to the campsite, Steve pointed to a small house faraway in one of the mountains, saying that it was the ranger station (护林站) where the forester worked.

Finally, after a long walk, we reached the campsite and set up the camp as the sun was setting. Steve knew all the tricks of an experienced wilderness camper. After we gathered enough wood from the forest, he started the campfire using only stone and steel — no matches. For supper we feasted on freeze-dried beef, wild rice and pea soup. I ate greedily after all that work.

Tired enough, we climbed into our sleeping bags early and talked about our plans for fishing the next day. We were still talking quietly when a sudden north wind picked up; the temperature dropped and it began to snow. Steve found a way to increase the temperature inside the tent. He dragged a log (原木) from the forest to the opposite side of the campfire. Then he wrapped aluminum foil (铝箔) around the log. The heat from the fire reflected off the foil and into the tent. Soon images of lake fish were filling my dreams.

The snow had stopped, but sometime later a powerful wind must have kicked up the flames of our dying fire. I was abruptly awakened by Steve. Our tent was on fire. Frightened, I ran out of the tent immediately. The tent collapsed with Steve inside. Without any thought of endangering myself, I reached into the burning tent and pulled him to the icy lake. Fortunately, we were not seriously hurt.

注意:

1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；

2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；

3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；

4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。

Paragraph 1:

Later, as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our difficult situation.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

Paragraph 2:

Suddenly, we heard a noise in the forest. ___________________________________

题目二

【答案】

One possible version:

Later, as we stood by the burning tent to keep warm, we considered our difficult situation. Our campsite was in the deep of the forest, really far away from the highway. We were in the middle of nowhere, wearing only underwear, with our supplies burnt into ashes, including our cellphones. Even Steve was unsure what to do next. The only thing we could do was just sitting in the cold air and wondering how to get out of the forest.

Suddenly, we heard a noise in the forest. Anxiously we listened and stared into the darkness. A jeep appeared. A forester had spotted the light from the fire and had come to have a check. Into the warm vehicle jumped Steve and so did I. Then the forester drove us to the ranger station, where we were given clothes and were able to call our parents. Steve and I had many more camping adventures from then on, but it was on this trip that Steve began to treat me more like a friend and equal, rather than a younger cousin. Our friendship has continued to this day.

丰富写作细节的技巧手段

     近几年随着高考新写作概写和续写的引入，书面表达的开放性也越来越大。如果只是做一些简单机械的翻译或者忙乱无章地套用模版，不仅字数可能不够，而且会让文章读起来空洞生硬。因此考生平时在训练书面表达时，需要积累写作材料，学会在逻辑合理的情况下适当地充实细节内容。一篇优秀的书面表达，不仅要做到把话写清楚说明白、把意思清晰完整地表达、注意行文之间的连贯和过渡外，还要用之前章节所讲的内容技巧对文章进行润色和加工，这样就会展现考生良好的遣词造句的能力。以下是常见的几种丰富语言细节的方法：

     (一). 追加成分, 丰满文句

          要点基础上是当地增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语、状语、非谓语、独立主格等结构。这些可以帮助考生更清晰、准确地表达主题。这里列举例子一二。具体写作技巧的运用请详见本专题的前几期学案。以下的例子学生们可以先自己尝试丰富细节，再看参考答案。

1. 添加修饰

         例1： I will take part in some social activities.

            →  If possible, I will take part in some social activities so that I can get more familiar with the society. (添加状语从句)

         例2：  I suggest that the teacher should choose more English films.

            →  As a young student, I suggest that the teacher should pick out more English films that appeal to us teenagers, thus making English learning more amusing. (添加定语从句和非谓语动词)

例3：  Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you. (2018北京高考书面表达)

           →  Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you, where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and abundant culture. (添加定语从句)

例4：  Undoubtedly, it’s easy for me to communicate with foreigners. (2018浙江高考书面表达)

   →  There is no doubt that there is not any problem for me to communicate with foreigners. (添加同位语从句)

2. 变换句式

例1： The quality of life has improved and we regarded watching films as a good means of entertainment.(2017江苏高考书面表达)

   →  The quality of life has improved and we regarded watching films as a good means of entertainment. (主动变被动)

例2：  According to the school, a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show. (2017全国二卷书面表达)

   →   It’s said that a large number of paper-cutting works by experts throughout China will be on show.(it作形式主语)

例3：  The moment when I asked them to have a try themselves came next. (2018北京高考书面表达)

   →   Next came the moment when I asked them to have a try themselves. (倒装句)

例4：   I’ve learned how to balance study with life with the help of my teachers.

   →   It’s with the help of my teachers that I’ve learned how to balance study with life. (强调句)

(二). 补加语句，充实内容

          根据行文走向，是当地增加一些与主题相关的语句，或由要点衍生的句子，既能起到前引后联的作用，又能补充一些相关信息，帮助内容的消化。

1. 列举具体的事例来补充说明

例1：  I like sports very much.

   →   I am keen on sports, such as basketball and football.

例2：  We teenagers should try to protect the environment and save the earth.

            →  We teenagers should try to protect the environment and save the earth. For example, we can use recyclable bags instead of plastic ones, refuse disposable products, plant more trees and save water and energy.

2. 添加与所给信息相关的神态、动作、心理描写和写作背景等内容

例1：  After supper, the man went to his bedroom.

   →   After a rich meal, the fat man slowly made his way to his bedroom. (神态、动作)

例2：  I went swimming in the river west of the village now and then.

→ I went swimming in the river west of the village now and then. The water in the river was very crystal clear. (背景渲染)

例3：   I found some bad behavior.

→   I was quite disappointed to find some disgusting behavior. (心理)

3. 结尾发挥，表达你的感受、评价、愿望、倡议等。

例1：  While I stood all the way home, I felt very content with what I did.

例2：   From my perspective, such activities are necessary and rewarding.

例3：  Additionally, if she’d like to learn Chinese, I will be more than delighted to give her assistance.

例4：   With everyone’s contributions, we can turn our school into a comfortable learning environment.

(三). 添加过渡，行文流畅

    根据行文或段落需要，在句与句或段与段之间适当增加过渡词或过渡句可以避免写作结构松散、条理不清、语言不畅等弊端，还可以使文章会燃一体，从而提升表达的层次。具体详见本专题学案（五）。

         例1：　The whole meal was good but the wine in particular was incredible.

         例2：  However, not until the match was over did I realize that we became the loser.

         例3：  On the one hand, I can earn some money by doing it to assist my parents, and on the other hand, I can gain some experience from it, which will do good to my future life.

         例4：  As a consequence, children become so reliant on their parents that they can’t think independently or creatively.

(四). 学用修辞，彰显雅致

     除了一些较难的高级句式外，也可以通过修辞法来表达精彩的句子。运用简单的修辞，可增加句子的优雅性。写作中常用的修辞法有比喻、拟人、排比、委婉等。

1. 比喻

Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.

The world is a stage. All men and women are merely players.

2. 拟人

Her name escaped me.

The year 2008 saw numerous great events.

3. 排比

In order to get her to recover as soon as possible, I took good care of her by helping her take some medicine, putting cold towel on her forehead, and preparing meals for her.

He was a poor student because he waited until the last minute to prepare for the exam, completed his homework carelessly and lacked motivation.

4. 委婉

Nelson Mandela passed away on December 15th, 2013.

续写、丰富下列句子

1. although the weather was perfect

_______________________________________________________________

2. when they would begin to recycle cans and bottles

_______________________________________________________________

3. after we finished writing our term papers

_______________________________________________________________

4. since he was eighteen years ago

_______________________________________________________________

5. while we took a swim

_______________________________________________________________

6. because the job offered a good salary

_______________________________________________________________

7. unless you finish your homework

_______________________________________________________________

8. before she became a teacher

_______________________________________________________________

9. the thief stole in to the hall

        _______________________________________________________________

10.  The exhibition will be beneficial to us

_______________________________________________________________

【答案】略。开放性答案。