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专题43.并列句和状语从句考点运用 ---2023届高三英语总复习 （通用）
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并列句和状语从句考点运用
一、明备考方向
语法填空常考点
短文改错常考点
写作常用句式
1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别；
2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句；
3.before和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；
4.till和until的用法；
5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法；
6.结果状语从句中“so ...that”与“such ...that”的区别；
7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法；
8.“疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”引导从句的用法；
9.where引导的状语从句；
10.与祈使句、定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
1.if与although/though的误用；
2.unless与until的误用；
3.when与until的误用；
4.when与since的误用；
5.although/though与because的误用；
6.although/though与but的误用；
7.after与while/when的误用；
8.since与though/although的误用；
9.after与since的误用；
10.when与where的误用。
1.表示“一……就……”的句式
(1)the moment/the minute/the instant ...，＋主句
(2)no sooner ... than .../hardly ...when ...
(3)as soon as ...＋主句
2.not ... until ...“直到……才……”
3.It will be/was＋一段时间＋before ...“过……(时间)才……”
4.It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句“自从……以来多长时间了”
5.every time/each time ...“每次……”
6.so ...that .../such ...that ...
“如此……以至于……”
并 列 句
(一) 并列连词
①They come from the same country，and they are good friends.
②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)
③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.
⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?
规律总结：
1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。
2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。
3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。
4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式
①Work hard and you will succeed.
＝If you work hard, you will succeed.
②Hurry up or we will be late.
＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.
③A few more efforts and you will succeed.
＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.
规律总结：
1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。
2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。
状 语 从 句
英语中状语从句总共有九类，分别用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定逻辑关系。例如：
①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因)
②I have brought an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)
③I have brought an umbrellaso that I don’t get wet.(结果)
④I have brought an umbrella even though it’s not raining.(让步)
⑤You don’t need bring an umbrellaunless it is raining.(条件)
因此，学习状语从句的关键是掌握引导九类状语从句的关联词，只要能记住关联词，一般都能识别是哪种状语从句，从而正确分析句子结构并理解句子意思。
下面分别对九大类别的状语从句进行举例说明：
（一）时间状语从句
时间状语从句表示时间。
引导时间的状语从句的常用引导词有：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 等。
特殊引导词有：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when 等。
1.when/while/as/whenever
①When I went into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
②While I was doing my homework, they came in.
③As time goes by, it's getting warmer and warmer.
④When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
⑤We shall go there whenever we are free.
规律总结：
(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……(，一边……)”或“随着……”。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。
(5)whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作，翻译成“无论何时”。
2.when的特殊用法
①He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.
②They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.
③They had just arrived home when it began to rain.
规律总结：
when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正要发生、正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：
①was/were about to do sth. when...
=was/were on the point of doing sth. when...
②was/were doing sth. when...
③had (just) done sth. when...
3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达
①The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming
②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
④I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
=Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
⑤Once you see him, you will never forget him.
规律总结：
(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一……就……”。
(2)no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。【注意】“一……就……”还可用on /upon doing 结构来表示。
On arriving home he called up Lester.=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.
4．before与since
①You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013·湖南高考)
②It will be five years before we meet again.
③John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.(陕西高考)
④It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.
⑤It was not long before I realized I was wrong.
⑥As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011·四川高考)
规律总结：
(1)before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……，在……之前”。
(2)It will be＋时间段＋before +一般现在时。“要过多久才……”
(3)It won't be long before +一般现在时。“不久之后就会…”。
(4)It was＋时间段＋before+一般过去时。“过了多久才……”。
(5)It wasn’t long before+一般过去时。“没过多久就……”
(6)It is＋一段时间＋since ...“自从……多久了”。
5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表达
①Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
③The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
规律总结：
every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。
6．till, until和not ... until
①Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?
②I won not tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
规律总结：
(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
(2)not ... until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。
（二）地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示地点、 方位。
引导地点状语从句的常用的引导词是where ；
特殊引导词有：wherever。例如：
①Make a mark where you have a question.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Where there is water there is life.
④Generally speaking, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
⑤You are free to go wherever you like.
⑥Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
⑦Wherever you go, you should work hard.
⑧Sit wherever you like.
规律总结：
(1)地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
（三）原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示原因或理由。
引导原因状语从句的常用引导词有：because, since, as , for,now (that)等。
特殊引导词有：seeing(that), in (that), considering (that)等。例如：
①He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
②As it is raining, I will not go out.
③As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
④Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
⑤Now that you mention it, I do remember.
⑥Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
⑦Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
⑧Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite good job.
（四）目的状语从句
目的状语从句用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
引导目的状语从句的引导词或词组有：that,so that, in order that
特殊引导词有：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that例如：
①Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
②She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
③They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
④He left early in case he should miss the train.
⑤Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
（五）结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示事态结果，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。
引导结果状语从句的常用引导词有：so,that,so that,so … that, such … that。例如：
①She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
②He was so excited that he could not say a word.
③She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
④He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
⑤It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
⑥It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
【注意】so...that 如此……以致……。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：
1．so + 形容词副词 + that从句
①The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
②The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
2．so + 形容词 + a/ an + 单数名词 + that从句
①It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
②He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.
3．so + many/few +复数可数名词+ that从句
①I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
②He has so few friend that he often feels lonely.
4．so + much/little +不可数名词 + that从句
①I had so little money then that I couldn't even afford a used car.
②He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.
【注意】such...that 如此……以致……。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构：
1．such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that从句
①Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.
②We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
2．such + 形容词 +复数可数名词+ that从句
①He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
②They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.
3．such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that从句
①He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.
②He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
提示：such+ a /an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和so +形容词+a an+单数名词结构互换。
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
=He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
=The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed.
【区别】such/ so……that……引导的状语从句和such/ so……as……引导的定语从句。
①He is such a clever boy that we everyone likes him. (状语从句)
②He is so clever a boy that we everyone likes him (状语从句)
③She had such a fright that she fainted. (状语从句)
④He is so clever a boy as everyone likes. ( 定语从句)
⑤He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. ( 定语从句)
⑥Luckily such earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage don’t happen very often.（定语从句）
（六）条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。
引导条件状语从句的常用引导词有：if, unless
特殊引导词有：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that, in case that, on condition that，so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。
注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。例如：
①If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
②You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
③So far as I know, he will be away for three months.
④You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
⑤If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
A .if真实条件句
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
①If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him.
②If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.
B．if非真实条件句
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气。（本部分详见语法专题九：虚拟语气）
（七）让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示让步关系。
引导让步状语从句常用的引导词有：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词有：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while (一般用在句首 )，in spite of the fact that, whether...or (not) , no matter+特殊疑问词,whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever等.例如：
①Although he is a child, he knows a lot.
②Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
③Although (Though) he was over sixty, he began to learn French.
④I’ll go to work even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
⑤Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
⑥Whatever you say, I’ll never change my mind.
⑦Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
⑧No matter who helps me ,I shall be very grateful.
⑨No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
（八）方式状语从句
方式状语从句表示动作的方式。
引导方式状语从句的引导词有：as, as if (though)等。例如：
①You must do the exercise as I show you.
②Do as you are told.
③She looks as if she is ill.
④They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
⑤He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
规律总结：
as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，用陈述语气。
（九）比较状语从句
比较状语从句表示比较关系。
引导比较状语从句的引导词有：than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等。例如：
①I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
②She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
③He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
④Mary is as old as my sister.
⑤The more you read, the better you understand.
= If you read more, you will understand better.
⑥The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
⑦The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
⑧The sooner, the better.
⑨The busier he is, the happier he feels.
⑩The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them.
（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件（有时在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
①We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
②I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。例如：
① When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
②If (you are) asked you may come in.
③If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
④Don’t speak until (you are)spoken to.
⑤Pressure can be increased when (it is)needed.
⑥Unless (it is) repaired, the washing machine is no use.
⑦Look out while (you are) crossing the street.
3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。例如：
①You are to find it where you left it.（状语从句）
②Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句）
③I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句）
④Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）
⑤This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）
随堂练习
1. the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
2.When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator ________you don’t cook it immediately.
3.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，________he’s in his nineties.
4.I really enjoy listening to music ________it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
5.________ you do, don’t be a bystander.
6.________the little panda cried, the mother rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
7.________some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
8.________online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
9.It is so cold that you can't go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes.
10.________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
11.You won't find paper cutting difficult ________ long as you keep practicing it.
12.________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
13.Just ________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
14.If you miss this chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.
15.We need to get to the root of the problem________ we can solve it.
16.________scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
17.________ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
18.The meaning of the word“nice”changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense“pleasant”．
19.It was the middle of the night ______ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
20.The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left ________ I could ask for their names.
21.Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ______ the bus had dropped her.
22.Even ________ the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.
23.Lessons can be learned to face the future，________ history cannot be changed.
24.I don't really like the author，________ I have to admit his books are very exciting.
25．You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work.
26．________ you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier.
攻重点难点
(一)引导时间状语从句的从属连词及重点句式
1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as, no sooner ...than, hardly/scarcely ...when, immediately, instantly, the moment, every/each time等。
2．在掌握时间状语从句时，要注意以下几个重点句式：
(1)not ...until ...“直到……才……”
(2)It＋will be/was＋一段时间＋before ... “过……(时间)才……”
(3)It＋is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... “自从……以来多长时间了”
(4)It＋was＋not long before ...“不久……就……”
(5)No sooner＋had＋主语＋过去分词 ...than ...(正常语序：主语＋had no sooner＋过去分词＋than ...) “一……就……”
(6)Hardly/Scarcely＋had＋主语＋过去分词 ...when ... (正常语序：主语＋had hardly/scarcely＋过去分词＋when ...)“一……就……”
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。
It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
(二)引导条件状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(除非), as long as/so long as(只要), in case(以防，万一), only if(要是……就好了), on condition that, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that)等。
1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ...not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。
If we go on polluting the environment, the earth won't be fit for us to live in.
如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)．
除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。
2．in case, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose (that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。
In case there is a fire, what will we do first?
万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。
3．as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，就会成功。
(三)引导原因状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(既然，因为)，now (that)(既然), seeing (that), in that等。
1．because语气最强，表示必然的因果关系，用来回答why的提问；
2．since语气稍弱，表示对方已知的原因或事实，意为“既然；因为；由于”，相当于now (that)；
3．as语气最弱，往往不是明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明。
I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.
因为我病了，所以我缺席了这次会议。
As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。
Now (that)/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都在这里，我们开始开会吧。
(四)引导让步状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, as, even if/though(尽管，即使), while(然而), whether ... or (not), however, whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/who等。
1．although/though(尽管，虽然), even if/though(即使)引导的让步状语从句
although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。even if与even though表示“尽管，即使”时，有退一步设想的意味。二者引导让步状语从句时，可用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
虽然正下着大雨，但他们还是继续踢足球。
Even if/though it is raining, we'll go there.(陈述语气)
即使下雨，我们也要去那里。
Even if/though I were busy, I would go.(虚拟语气)
即使忙，我也要去。
2．as或though引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况
as或though引导的从句放在主句之前时，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.尽管他是个孩子，但他能说出所有车的名字。
Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。
3．whether ...or .../whether ...or not(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋ever与no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。
I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。
Whatever (＝No matter what) you say, he won't believe you.(让步状语从句)
无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。
点津：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever既可以引导状语从句，还可以引导名词性从句。但“no matter＋疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。
You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)
你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。
4．while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句，相当于although。
While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I've missed you a lot.(2017·天津高考书面表达)
尽管你教我们英语才一年多，我真得很想念您。
(五)引导地点状语从句及其他状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where, wherever等；引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in case/for fear (that), in order that等；引导结果状语从句的连词有：so ... that，such ... that, so that等；引导方式状语从句的连词有： as, as if, as though等；引导比较状语从句的连词有：as ... as, the same as, more than ..., no more than, such ... as ...等。
We should go where the country needs us most.
我们应到国家最需要我们的地方去。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
He acted as if nothing had happened.他表现得好像什么也没发生。
练高频题点
Ⅰ.语法填空题点全练
1．Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
2．If we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
3．If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.
4．I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
5． the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
6． online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
7．You won't find paper cutting difficult as as you keep practicing it.
8．Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
9． he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
10．It is so cold that you can't go outside fully covered in thick clothes.
Ⅰ.完成句子并改写
1．无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。
,you must obey the rules. (whoever)
→ ,you must obey the rules. (用no matter＋疑问词改写)
2．迈克是一个诚实的工人，我们都信任他。
Mike is ,and we all believe in him.
→Mike is we all believe in him.(用such ...that改写)
→Mike is we all believe in him.(用so ...that改写)
3．为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。
,we started for the peak early.
→ ,we started for the peak early.(改写成目的状语从句)
4．直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
It I had any idea of it.
→ any idea of it.(改为倒装句)
5．我们一到车站，火车就离开了。
We than the train left.
→ than the train left. (改为倒装句)
随堂练习
一
Xiamen, 1 (lie) in Fujian Province, is a famous coastal city. As far as I'm concerned, Xiamen is very clean and pretty. In that city, we can enjoy the clear sky, the beautiful sea, 2 green tropical plants. 3 Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, it's neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. The best seasons to go to Xiamen are both spring and summer. Besides, 4 are some famous tourist sites in Xiamen. And the most beautiful scenic spot is Gulangyu Island. We can visit foreign buildings, nice gardens, beautiful parks, and traditional museums there. 5 we are in Xiamen, 6 we can't miss is to go to Gulangyu Island, 7 we won't have a good time.
However, in recent years, Xiamen has become a lot more modern 8 it used to be. Nowadays, more and more skyscrapers and shopping malls have been built, 9 makes Xiamen a wonderful city for sightseeing and shopping. So I 10 (eager) wish to spend my summer holiday there next time.
Next year if I have enough time and money, I plan to have a nice sightseeing tour in Xiamen with my close friends. I hope we can spend the happiest time together there.
二
Why does autumn have two names? According to Merriam-Webster, “autumn”appeared first in English in the 1300s, coming from the Latin word “autumnus”. Autumn caught on quickly, likely 1 it replaced the original name—“harvest”. 2 you might imagine, 3 crops were collected from the fields, calling the season“harvest”might make people confused because “harvest”is also the name for the act itself.
So “autumn”appeared instead of “harvest”. Then the term, “autumn”, 4 referred to the season between summer and winter, lasted for a couple of 5 (century).“Fall”as a name for the season came about sometime in the 1500s, a shortened version of the very poetic phrase “the fall of leaves”. The English phrase had the true meaning of the season without leading 6 any confusion. Not even a century later, the phrase became a simple word: fall.
Around this same time, the English language was traveling across the globe 7 Britain expanded, 8 it was going through some changes, as many languages did. This was particularly true in the American colonies (殖民地). Some English words changed in the US, whether in terms of spelling 9 in terms of general usage. In the mid-1800s, British and American English speakers further developed in different ways. “Fall”was the common word for “autumn”in the US, 10 autumn was regarded as the word for fall in England.
三
I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate __1__ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.I said hello __2__ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？” So I did.He was quite __3__ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that people didn't usually do things like this for __4__ (strange) — at least that was what I understood, because he was speaking a really __5__ (usual) dialect, and the train was loud.
Then he opened one of his bags and gave me __6__ handful of freshly picked cherries, __7__ (explain) that he had just taken them from his orchard.The cherries were really lovely, better than those in the shops, and I enjoyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (冲动) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I __8__ (do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, __9__ I didn't even know he had at the time.Life is about giving and taking, and it's __10__ (general) true that if you give, you will receive.
并列句和状语从句考点运用
一、明备考方向
语法填空常考点
短文改错常考点
写作常用句式
1.when, while, as引导时间状语从句的区别；
2.名词词组the minute, the moment, the first time, each time, any time等用作连词，引导的时间状语从句；
3.before和since引导时间状语从句的用法以及常见的几个句型；
4.till和until的用法；
5.although, though, as以及even if, even though引导让步状语从句的用法；
6.结果状语从句中“so ...that”与“such ...that”的区别；
7.条件状语从句unless, providing/provided, suppose/supposing等引导词的用法；
8.“疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”引导从句的用法；
9.where引导的状语从句；
10.与祈使句、定语从句、名词性从句、倒装句以及与强调句型的混合考查。
1.if与although/though的误用；
2.unless与until的误用；
3.when与until的误用；
4.when与since的误用；
5.although/though与because的误用；
6.although/though与but的误用；
7.after与while/when的误用；
8.since与though/although的误用；
9.after与since的误用；
10.when与where的误用。
1.表示“一……就……”的句式
(1)the moment/the minute/the instant ...，＋主句
(2)no sooner ... than .../hardly ...when ...
(3)as soon as ...＋主句
2.not ... until ...“直到……才……”
3.It will be/was＋一段时间＋before ...“过……(时间)才……”
4.It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句“自从……以来多长时间了”
5.every time/each time ...“每次……”
6.so ...that .../such ...that ...
“如此……以至于……”
并 列 句
(一) 并列连词
①They come from the same country，and they are good friends.
②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ)
③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.
④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours.
⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?
规律总结：
1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。
2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。
3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。
4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。
(二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式
①Work hard and you will succeed.
＝If you work hard, you will succeed.
②Hurry up or we will be late.
＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late.
③A few more efforts and you will succeed.
＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed.
规律总结：
1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。
2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。
状 语 从 句
英语中状语从句总共有九类，分别用来表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句是较复杂的语法项目，但是理解起来并不难。从本质上讲，状语从句就是利用不同的关联词语将几个分句连接起来，以表达分句之间的特定逻辑关系。例如：
①I have brought an umbrella because it is raining.(原因)
②I have brought an umbrella in case it rains.(目的)
③I have brought an umbrellaso that I don’t get wet.(结果)
④I have brought an umbrella even though it’s not raining.(让步)
⑤You don’t need bring an umbrellaunless it is raining.(条件)
因此，学习状语从句的关键是掌握引导九类状语从句的关联词，只要能记住关联词，一般都能识别是哪种状语从句，从而正确分析句子结构并理解句子意思。
下面分别对九大类别的状语从句进行举例说明：
（一）时间状语从句
时间状语从句表示时间。
引导时间的状语从句的常用引导词有：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 等。
特殊引导词有：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly … when, scarcely … when 等。
1.when/while/as/whenever
①When I went into the office, the teachers were having a meeting.
②While I was doing my homework, they came in.
③As time goes by, it's getting warmer and warmer.
④When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
⑤We shall go there whenever we are free.
规律总结：
(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……(，一边……)”或“随着……”。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。
(5)whenever是when的强势语，它描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作，翻译成“无论何时”。
2.when的特殊用法
①He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang.
②They were watching the World Cup when suddenly the lights went out.
③They had just arrived home when it began to rain.
规律总结：
when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正要发生、正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。常见句型有：
①was/were about to do sth. when...
=was/were on the point of doing sth. when...
②was/were doing sth. when...
③had (just) done sth. when...
3．表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达
①The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming
②The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
③He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
④I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
=Hardly had I got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
⑤Once you see him, you will never forget him.
规律总结：
(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和once这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生， 常译为“一……就……”。
(2)no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。【注意】“一……就……”还可用on /upon doing 结构来表示。
On arriving home he called up Lester.=As soon as he arrived home, he called up Lester.
4．before与since
①You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason before you reach any decision.(2013·湖南高考)
②It will be five years before we meet again.
③John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.(陕西高考)
④It was several years before I realized that David had lied to me.
⑤It was not long before I realized I was wrong.
⑥As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2011·四川高考)
规律总结：
(1)before表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……就……，在……之前”。
(2)It will be＋时间段＋before +一般现在时。“要过多久才……”
(3)It won't be long before +一般现在时。“不久之后就会…”。
(4)It was＋时间段＋before+一般过去时。“过了多久才……”。
(5)It wasn’t long before+一般过去时。“没过多久就……”
(6)It is＋一段时间＋since ...“自从……多久了”。
5．表示“每次；下一次……”的常用表达
①Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
②Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
③The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
规律总结：
every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。
6．till, until和not ... until
①Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?
②I won not tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
规律总结：
(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
(2)not ... until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。
（二）地点状语从句
地点状语从句表示地点、 方位。
引导地点状语从句的常用的引导词是where ；
特殊引导词有：wherever。例如：
①Make a mark where you have a question.
②Where there is a will, there is a way.
③Where there is water there is life.
④Generally speaking, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
⑤You are free to go wherever you like.
⑥Wherever you go, you must obey the law.
⑦Wherever you go, you should work hard.
⑧Sit wherever you like.
规律总结：
(1)地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
(2)地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
（三）原因状语从句
原因状语从句表示原因或理由。
引导原因状语从句的常用引导词有：because, since, as , for,now (that)等。
特殊引导词有：seeing(that), in (that), considering (that)等。例如：
①He is disappointed because he didn't get the position.
②As it is raining, I will not go out.
③As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .
④Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.
⑤Now that you mention it, I do remember.
⑥Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.
⑦Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.
⑧Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite good job.
（四）目的状语从句
目的状语从句用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。
引导目的状语从句的引导词或词组有：that,so that, in order that
特殊引导词有：lest, in case, for fear that,in the hope that, for the purpose that例如：
①Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.
②She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons.
③They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .
④He left early in case he should miss the train.
⑤Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.
（五）结果状语从句
结果状语从句表示事态结果，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。
引导结果状语从句的常用引导词有：so,that,so that,so … that, such … that。例如：
①She was ill, so that she didn’t attend the meeting.
②He was so excited that he could not say a word.
③She is such a good teacher that everyone admires her.
④He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
⑤It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.
⑥It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.
【注意】so...that 如此……以致……。其引导的果状语从句有如下四种结构：
1．so + 形容词副词 + that从句
①The village is so small that it cannot be shown in the map.
②The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
2．so + 形容词 + a/ an + 单数名词 + that从句
①It was so hot a day that they all went swimming.
②He made so inspiring a speech that everybody got excited.
3．so + many/few +复数可数名词+ that从句
①I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
②He has so few friend that he often feels lonely.
4．so + much/little +不可数名词 + that从句
①I had so little money then that I couldn't even afford a used car.
②He drank so much wine last night that he felt terrible.
【注意】such...that 如此……以致……。其引导的结果语从句有如下四种结构：
1．such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + that从句
①Jenny is such a clever girl that all of us like her very much.
②We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.
2．such + 形容词 +复数可数名词+ that从句
①He gave such important reasons that he was excused.
②They are such interesting novels that all of us want to read them.
3．such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that从句
①He made such rapid progress that the teacher praised him.
②He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.
提示：such+ a /an+形容词+单数名词结构可以和so +形容词+a an+单数名词结构互换。
He told us such a funny story that we all laughed.
=He told us so funny a story that we all laughed.
=The story he told us was so funny that we all laughed.
【区别】such/ so……that……引导的状语从句和such/ so……as……引导的定语从句。
①He is such a clever boy that we everyone likes him. (状语从句)
②He is so clever a boy that we everyone likes him (状语从句)
③She had such a fright that she fainted. (状语从句)
④He is so clever a boy as everyone likes. ( 定语从句)
⑤He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. ( 定语从句)
⑥Luckily such earthquakes as can cause a lot of damage don’t happen very often.（定语从句）
（六）条件状语从句
条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。
引导条件状语从句的常用引导词有：if, unless
特殊引导词有：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose/supposing that, in case that, on condition that，so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。
注意：条件从句中的if 不能用whether替换。例如：
①If he is not in the office, he must be out for lunch.
②You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.
③So far as I know, he will be away for three months.
④You can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you don’t go too far away from the river bank.
⑤If he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her.
A .if真实条件句
真实条件句表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用陈述语气。
①If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him.
②If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property.
B．if非真实条件句
在含有非真实条件句的复合句中，假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，主句和从句的谓语动词都要用虚拟语气。（本部分详见语法专题九：虚拟语气）
（七）让步状语从句
让步状语从句表示让步关系。
引导让步状语从句常用的引导词有：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词有：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while (一般用在句首 )，in spite of the fact that, whether...or (not) , no matter+特殊疑问词,whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever等.例如：
①Although he is a child, he knows a lot.
②Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
③Although (Though) he was over sixty, he began to learn French.
④I’ll go to work even if (though) it rains tomorrow.
⑤Whether you believe it or not, it's true.
⑥Whatever you say, I’ll never change my mind.
⑦Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.
⑧No matter who helps me ,I shall be very grateful.
⑨No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.
（八）方式状语从句
方式状语从句表示动作的方式。
引导方式状语从句的引导词有：as, as if (though)等。例如：
①You must do the exercise as I show you.
②Do as you are told.
③She looks as if she is ill.
④They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.
⑤He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.
规律总结：
as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，用陈述语气。
（九）比较状语从句
比较状语从句表示比较关系。
引导比较状语从句的引导词有：than, so (as) … as, the more … the more等。例如：
①I have made a lot more mistakes than you have.
②She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.
③He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.
④Mary is as old as my sister.
⑤The more you read, the better you understand.
= If you read more, you will understand better.
⑥The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.
⑦The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
⑧The sooner, the better.
⑨The busier he is, the happier he feels.
⑩The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I am to be able to answer them.
（十）使用状语从句时要注意的几个问题
1、在时间和条件（有时在方式、让步等）从句中，主句是一般将来时，从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。例如：
①We’ll go outing if it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
②I’ll write to you as soon as I get to Shanghai.
2、有些时间、地点、条件、方式或让步从句，如果从句的主语与主句主语一致（或虽不一致，是it），从句的谓语又包含动词be ，就可省略从句中的“主语 + be”部分。例如：
① When (he was) still a boy of ten, he had to work day and night.
②If (you are) asked you may come in.
③If (it is) necessary I’ll explain to you again.
④Don’t speak until (you are)spoken to.
⑤Pressure can be increased when (it is)needed.
⑥Unless (it is) repaired, the washing machine is no use.
⑦Look out while (you are) crossing the street.
3、注意区分不同从句：引导的是什么从句，不仅要根据连词，还要根据句子结构和句意来判别。以where为例，能引导多种从句。例如：
①You are to find it where you left it.（状语从句）
②Tell me the address where he lives.（定语从句）
③I don’t know where he came from.（宾语从句）
④Where he has gone is not known yet.（主语从句）
⑤This place is where they once hid.（表语从句）
随堂练习
1. the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.
2.When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator ________you don’t cook it immediately.
3.My grandfather still plays tennis now and then，________he’s in his nineties.
4.I really enjoy listening to music ________it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
5.________ you do, don’t be a bystander.
6.________the little panda cried, the mother rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.
7.________some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
8.________online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
9.It is so cold that you can't go outside ________ fully covered in thick clothes.
10.________ the job takes a significant amount of time, most students agree that the experience is worth it.
11.You won't find paper cutting difficult ________ long as you keep practicing it.
12.________ the damage is done, it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
13.Just ________ a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
14.If you miss this chance, it may be years ________ you get another one.
15.We need to get to the root of the problem________ we can solve it.
16.________scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
17.________ the students came from different countries, they got along quite well in the summer camp.
18.The meaning of the word“nice”changed a few times ________ it finally came to include the sense“pleasant”．
19.It was the middle of the night ______ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
20.The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left ________ I could ask for their names.
21.Half an hour later，Lucy still couldn't get a taxi ______ the bus had dropped her.
22.Even ________ the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year.
23.Lessons can be learned to face the future，________ history cannot be changed.
24.I don't really like the author，________ I have to admit his books are very exciting.
25．You will never gain success ________ you are fully devoted to your work.
26．________ you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier.
攻重点难点
(一)引导时间状语从句的从属连词及重点句式
1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till/until, as soon as, no sooner ...than, hardly/scarcely ...when, immediately, instantly, the moment, every/each time等。
2．在掌握时间状语从句时，要注意以下几个重点句式：
(1)not ...until ...“直到……才……”
(2)It＋will be/was＋一段时间＋before ... “过……(时间)才……”
(3)It＋is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... “自从……以来多长时间了”
(4)It＋was＋not long before ...“不久……就……”
(5)No sooner＋had＋主语＋过去分词 ...than ...(正常语序：主语＋had no sooner＋过去分词＋than ...) “一……就……”
(6)Hardly/Scarcely＋had＋主语＋过去分词 ...when ... (正常语序：主语＋had hardly/scarcely＋过去分词＋when ...)“一……就……”
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。
It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了很长一段时间我才悟出真相。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
(二)引导条件状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless(除非), as long as/so long as(只要), in case(以防，万一), only if(要是……就好了), on condition that, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing (that)等。
1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ...not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”。
If we go on polluting the environment, the earth won't be fit for us to live in.
如果我们继续污染环境，地球将不再适合我们居住。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)．
除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。
2．in case, on condition that, providing (that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose (that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。
In case there is a fire, what will we do first?
万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。
3．as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
只要你不灰心，就会成功。
(三)引导原因状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since(既然，因为)，now (that)(既然), seeing (that), in that等。
1．because语气最强，表示必然的因果关系，用来回答why的提问；
2．since语气稍弱，表示对方已知的原因或事实，意为“既然；因为；由于”，相当于now (that)；
3．as语气最弱，往往不是明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明。
I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.
因为我病了，所以我缺席了这次会议。
As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.
由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。
Now (that)/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都在这里，我们开始开会吧。
(四)引导让步状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, as, even if/though(尽管，即使), while(然而), whether ... or (not), however, whatever, whoever, no matter how/what/who等。
1．although/though(尽管，虽然), even if/though(即使)引导的让步状语从句
although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。even if与even though表示“尽管，即使”时，有退一步设想的意味。二者引导让步状语从句时，可用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。
Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
虽然正下着大雨，但他们还是继续踢足球。
Even if/though it is raining, we'll go there.(陈述语气)
即使下雨，我们也要去那里。
Even if/though I were busy, I would go.(虚拟语气)
即使忙，我也要去。
2．as或though引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况
as或though引导的从句放在主句之前时，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.尽管他是个孩子，但他能说出所有车的名字。
Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。
3．whether ...or .../whether ...or not(不管……还是……)；疑问词＋ever与no matter＋疑问词(不管……；无论……)。
I have decided to take the job offer, whether it is good or bad.不管好坏，我已经决定接受这份工作邀请。
Whatever (＝No matter what) you say, he won't believe you.(让步状语从句)
无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。
点津：whoever, whatever, whomever, whichever既可以引导状语从句，还可以引导名词性从句。但“no matter＋疑问词”不能引导名词性从句。
You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)
你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。
4．while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句，相当于although。
While it has been more than a year since you taught us English, I've missed you a lot.(2017·天津高考书面表达)
尽管你教我们英语才一年多，我真得很想念您。
(五)引导地点状语从句及其他状语从句的从属连词的用法
引导地点状语从句的连词有：where, wherever等；引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in case/for fear (that), in order that等；引导结果状语从句的连词有：so ... that，such ... that, so that等；引导方式状语从句的连词有： as, as if, as though等；引导比较状语从句的连词有：as ... as, the same as, more than ..., no more than, such ... as ...等。
We should go where the country needs us most.
我们应到国家最需要我们的地方去。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
He acted as if nothing had happened.他表现得好像什么也没发生。
练高频题点
Ⅰ.语法填空题点全练
1．Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend that they get sweet enough to be eaten.
2．If we don't stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.
3．If you don't understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.
4．I really enjoy listening to music it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.
5． the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
6． online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.
7．You won't find paper cutting difficult as as you keep practicing it.
8．Just a single word can change the meaning of a sentence, a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
9． he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
10．It is so cold that you can't go outside fully covered in thick clothes.
Ⅰ.完成句子并改写
1．无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。
,you must obey the rules. (whoever)
→ ,you must obey the rules. (用no matter＋疑问词改写)
2．迈克是一个诚实的工人，我们都信任他。
Mike is ,and we all believe in him.
→Mike is we all believe in him.(用such ...that改写)
→Mike is we all believe in him.(用so ...that改写)
3．为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。
,we started for the peak early.
→ ,we started for the peak early.(改写成目的状语从句)
4．直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
It I had any idea of it.
→ any idea of it.(改为倒装句)
5．我们一到车站，火车就离开了。
We than the train left.
→ than the train left. (改为倒装句)
随堂练习
一
Xiamen, 1 (lie) in Fujian Province, is a famous coastal city. As far as I'm concerned, Xiamen is very clean and pretty. In that city, we can enjoy the clear sky, the beautiful sea, 2 green tropical plants. 3 Xiamen is in the southeast of China and close to the sea, it's neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer. The best seasons to go to Xiamen are both spring and summer. Besides, 4 are some famous tourist sites in Xiamen. And the most beautiful scenic spot is Gulangyu Island. We can visit foreign buildings, nice gardens, beautiful parks, and traditional museums there. 5 we are in Xiamen, 6 we can't miss is to go to Gulangyu Island, 7 we won't have a good time.
However, in recent years, Xiamen has become a lot more modern 8 it used to be. Nowadays, more and more skyscrapers and shopping malls have been built, 9 makes Xiamen a wonderful city for sightseeing and shopping. So I 10 (eager) wish to spend my summer holiday there next time.
Next year if I have enough time and money, I plan to have a nice sightseeing tour in Xiamen with my close friends. I hope we can spend the happiest time together there.
二
Why does autumn have two names? According to Merriam-Webster, “autumn”appeared first in English in the 1300s, coming from the Latin word “autumnus”. Autumn caught on quickly, likely 1 it replaced the original name—“harvest”. 2 you might imagine, 3 crops were collected from the fields, calling the season“harvest”might make people confused because “harvest”is also the name for the act itself.
So “autumn”appeared instead of “harvest”. Then the term, “autumn”, 4 referred to the season between summer and winter, lasted for a couple of 5 (century).“Fall”as a name for the season came about sometime in the 1500s, a shortened version of the very poetic phrase “the fall of leaves”. The English phrase had the true meaning of the season without leading 6 any confusion. Not even a century later, the phrase became a simple word: fall.
Around this same time, the English language was traveling across the globe 7 Britain expanded, 8 it was going through some changes, as many languages did. This was particularly true in the American colonies (殖民地). Some English words changed in the US, whether in terms of spelling 9 in terms of general usage. In the mid-1800s, British and American English speakers further developed in different ways. “Fall”was the common word for “autumn”in the US, 10 autumn was regarded as the word for fall in England.
三
I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate __1__ a really old man with huge bags sat down across from me.I said hello __2__ him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？” So I did.He was quite __3__ (surprise), but accepted and thanked me.He said that people didn't usually do things like this for __4__ (strange) — at least that was what I understood, because he was speaking a really __5__ (usual) dialect, and the train was loud.
Then he opened one of his bags and gave me __6__ handful of freshly picked cherries, __7__ (explain) that he had just taken them from his orchard.The cherries were really lovely, better than those in the shops, and I enjoyed them very much.It had been just an impulse (冲动) to offer him a piece of chocolate, but if I __8__ (do) so, I would never have tasted those lovely cherries, __9__ I didn't even know he had at the time.Life is about giving and taking, and it's __10__ (general) true that if you give, you will receive.
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