2022年中考英语语法突破冠词的概念及应用(无答案)
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知识图谱
冠词的概念和用法
知识精讲
冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,通常放在一个名词的前面,帮助说明该名词的词义。冠词有三种:定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a/an)和零冠词。
一、冠词的基本用法:
在学习冠词的用法时,必须明确特指与泛指的概念,特指是大家都知道的所指的事物或内容;泛指是指不明确、不特别指明的或者一类中任何具有代表性的人或事物。名词前用哪一个冠词、用还是不用冠词通常取决于名词的类别和意义。也就是名词可数还是不可数、单数还是复数、特指还是泛指。它们的关系可以用下表表示:
冠词意义 用法举例
名词类别 |
特 指 | 泛 指 | |
表类别 | 表示“一个(些)” | ||
可数名词单数 | the book | a book/an idea | a book/an idea |
可数名词复数 | the books | books | some books |
不可数名词 | the water | water | some water |
二、.不定冠词的用法:
1 | 指一类人或事,相当于a kind of | A plane is a machine that can fly. |
2 | 第一次提及某人某物,非特指 | A boy is waiting for you. |
3 | 表示“每一”相当于every,one | We study eight hours a day. |
4 | 表示“相同”相当于the same | We are nearly of an age. |
5 | 用于人名前,表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 | A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out That boy is rather a Lei Feng. |
6 | 用于固定词组中 | A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time |
7 | 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 | This room is rather a big one. |
8 | 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 | She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. |
注意:不定冠词固定用法
a great deal 大量
in a moment立刻
get a cold 感冒
in a hurry 急匆匆地
do sb. a favor 帮某人忙
get in a word 插话
give a concert/ lesson 举行音乐会/上课
go out for a walk 出去散步
have a cold/cough/fever/headache/pain 感冒/咳嗽/发烧/头疼/疼痛
have a gift for......天赋
have a good time 玩得开心
have a match/meeting 比赛/开会
make a face 做鬼脸
make an effort 努力
make a living 谋生
make a speech 作演讲
make a start 开始(着手)
make an apology 道歉
make it a rule 定下规矩
pay a visit 拜访
take a seat 坐下
take a message for 给……捎个口信
三、 定冠词的用法:
1 | 表示某一类人或物 | The horse is a useful animal. |
2 | 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 | the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean |
3 | 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 | Would you mind opening the door? |
4 | 用于乐器前面 | play the violin, play the guitar |
5 | 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 | the rich, the living, the wounded |
6 | 表示“一家人”或“夫妇” | the Greens, the Wangs |
7 | 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 | This is the first time that I have been to Beijing. He is the tallest student in our class. |
8 | 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海、山川群岛的名词前 | the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French |
9 | 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 | The compass was invented in China. |
10 | 在逢十的复数数词之前,指世纪的某个年代 | in the 1990’s |
11 | 用于表示单位的名词前 | I hired the car by the hour. |
12 | 用于方位名词,身体部位名词,及表示时间的词组前 | He patted me on the shoulder. |
注意:定冠词的固定搭配
1. 表示一天中的时间
in the morning 在早晨/ 上午
in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上
温馨提示
at dawn, at dusk, at noon, at night, at midnight, at day-break, at sunrise, at sunset, at midday 等结构中习惯上不用the.
2. 表示地点、方向、时间等
at the moment 此刻
at the corner 在拐角处
at the age of在……岁时
at the same time 同时
in the meantime 同时
in the middle在……中间
in the end 最终
in the year of 1982 在1982 年
at the top/bottom在……的顶/底部
at the beginning/end在……的开端/末端
at the foot .....的脚下
温馨提示
如果出现对称的方位或时间,冠词往往可省略或不用。
from the )east to( the )west 从东到西
from(the)beginning to(the)end 从头至尾
day after day 日复一日
day by day一天天地,逐渐
3. 其他搭配
all the best 祝一切顺利,万事如意
all the same 完全一样
at the top of one's voice 以某人最高的声音
break the law 触犯法律
by the way 顺便说一下
in the way 挡道
go to the cinema 看电影
go to the theatre 去看戏
in the darkness 在黑暗中
in the habit of有做....的习惯
to the point简洁,中肯
on the other hand 在另一方面
on the contrary 正相反
on the whole 大体上
on the air 正在播出中
make the bed 铺床
to tell the truth 说实话
with the help ……的帮助下
四、 零冠词的用法:
1 | 专有名词,物质名词,抽象名词,人名地名等名词前 | Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air |
2 | 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 | I want this book, not that one. Whose purse is this? |
3 | 季节,月份,星期,节假日,一日三餐前 | March, Sunday, National Day, spring |
4 | 表示职位,身份,头衔的名词前 | Lincoln was made President of America. |
5 | 学科,语言,球类,棋类名词前 | He likes playing football/chess. |
6 | 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前 | by train, by air, by land |
7 | 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 | husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night |
8 | 表示泛指的复数名词前 | Horses are useful animals. |
注意:零冠词固定搭配
1. 两个相对的名词并用时
Husband and wife were rejoiced at the news.
夫妻俩听到这条消息很高兴。
father and son 父子 mother and child 母子
master and servant 主卜 pen and ink 笔墨
war and peace战争与和平 sun and moon日月
2. 其他成对的名词
day and night 日日夜夜 face to face 面对面地
hand in hand 手拉手 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地
side by side 肩并肩地 from time to time 时不时地
step by step一步一步地 one by one一个接一个
from south to north 从南到北 little by little 渐渐地
(3)介词短语
at dinner 在吃饭 at ease自由自在地
at first glance 乍一看 at first hand 第一手地
at first sight 乍一看 at first thought 初一想
at present 目前 at leisure 不慌不忙
by accident 偶然 by chance 偶然
by hand 手工 by mistake 错误地
on earth在世界上,究竟 on foot 步行
on fire 在燃烧 on purpose 故意地
on time 准时 on board在船(或火车、飞机)上
on second thought 又一想,转念一想
in danger 在危险中 in debt 负债
in order 整齐地 in fact 事实上
in prison 坐牢 in private 私下地
in use 在使用中 in public 公开地
for instance 例如 for example 例如
for sure/certain 肯定地
4. 动词短语
ask for help 寻求帮助 ask for advice 征求建议
catch fire 着火 ask for trouble 找麻烦
catch/get/take hold of 抓住 come back to life 苏醒
come to/into power 掌权 catch sight of 无意中看见
do good/harm/wrong to .对....好处/害处/冤枉 lose heart 灰心丧气
take place 发生 take part in 参加
lose weight 减肥 learn...by heart 背诵
come/rank first 名列第一 keep...in mind 牢记
make room for.....腾出空间 keep in touch with与....保持联系
pay attention to 注意
三点剖析
一、重点:不定冠词,定冠词和零冠词的应用。
二、难点:固定搭配中的冠词的应用。
高考阶段主要考查冠词的使用,还要求考生掌握固定搭配中冠词的使用以及一些物质名词和不可数名词在某些特殊情况下也可以和不定冠词连用。所以理解的同时,积累一些固定搭配也是本节知识学习必不可少的。
三、易错点:
1. 不定冠词用法
1)有些物质名词,如rain, snow, fog, wind等,其前有形容词修饰时,形容词前应该加不定冠词。如:
What a heavy rain! Longjing is a wonderful tea.
2)有些不可数名词 knowledge, collection, understanding 等词是由动词转化而来的,后面加of…时,前面常用不定冠词。如:
What happened just now shows that a knowledge of first and can make a real difference in an emergency.
3) 某些表示特性、状态、情感、情绪等的抽象名词前,如果仅仅表示“概念”,是不可数名词,表示泛指时,要与零冠词连用,但是这类名词被具体化则表示具体的人或事物,表示泛指时,需与不定冠词连用。
pressure压力 | a pressure 一种压力 |
concern 关心 | a concern 一件令人关切的事 |
experience 经验 | an experience 一次经历 |
worry 担忧 | a worry 令人担忧的事 |
wonder 惊奇 | a wonder 令人惊奇的事 |
2. 在某些习惯用于中,用还是不用冠词,用哪个冠词,意义不同,有时甚至差别很大,使用时要特别注意。以下是常见的容易混淆的短语:
at table 进餐 | at the table 在桌子旁 |
in hospital 住院 | in the hospital在医院里 |
by sea 乘船 | by the sea 在海边 |
go to sea当水手 | go to the sea 在海边 |
on earth 究竟 | on the earth 在地球上,在世上 |
take place发生 | take the place of 代替 |
out of question毫无疑问,一定 | out of the question 不可能 |
a number of 许多 | the number of ……的数目 |
in front of 在……(外部的)前面 | in the front of在……(内部的)前面 |
for a moment 一会儿 | for the moment 目前,暂时 |
be in charge of 负责…… | be in the charge of 由……负责,在……掌管之下 |
in possession of 拥有 | in the possession of 为……所有 |
in sight of 能看见 | in the sight of 据……的见解 |
in place of 代替 | in the place of 在……的地方 |
be of age 成年 | be of an age 同龄 |
冠词的概念和应用
例题1、 The “Chinese Dream ”is _________ dream to improve people’s well-being and _________ dream of harmony, peace and development.
A.a; the | B.the; the | C.a; a | D.the; a |
例题2、 People develop _________ preference for a particular style of learning at _________ early age and these preference affect learning.
A.a; an | B.a; / | C./; the | D.the; an |
随练1、 Being able to afford _________ drink would be _________ comfort in hose tough times.
A.the; the | B.a; a | C.a; / | D./;a |
随练2、 At the celebration gathering, President Xi expressed his belief that Macao will progress in ________ more steady manner on the right track, guided by ________ "one country, two systems" policy.( )
A.a; a | B.a; the | C.the; the | D.the; a |
随练3、 Christmas is _________special holiday when _________whole family are supposed to get together.
A.the, the | B.a, a | C.the, a | D.a, the |
拓展
1、 Nanjing is ________ most beautiful city,where you can see ________ famous Changjiang River.( )
A.a; the | B.a; 不填 | C.the; a | D.不填; the |
2、 —Have you seen ______ film before?
—Yes. I saw it on ______ Christmas Day, but I can't remember the exact year. ( )
A.the, a | B.a, the | C.a, a | D.the, the |