2022年代词的基本分类及基础考点（讲义及练习）含答案

代词

一.  人称代词

第一人称：单数 I（主格“我”）

 me（宾格“我”）

          复数 we（主格“我们”）

us（宾格“我们”）

第二人称：单数 you（主格“你；您”）

you（宾格“你；您”）

          复数 you（主格“你们;您们”）

you（宾格“你们；您们”）

第三人称：单数 he（主格“他”）

him（宾格“他”）

                she（主格”她）

her（宾格“她”）

                it（主格“它”）

it（宾格“它”）

          复数 they（主格“他们；她们；它们”

them（宾格“他们；她们；它们”）

注意：主格在句中作主语；宾格在句中作动词宾语或介词宾语。例如：

1. ______like apples.（我）

 Gina always asks ______ questions.（我）

2. My sister is a good girl. I like ______.（她）
3. These books are good. Everyone wants to have _________.（它们）
4. __________ are oranges.（它们）

The key:

1. I ; me   2. her    3.them   4. They

二.  物主代词

1.形容词性的物主代词，其后一定要接名词。

my（我的）   our（我们的）

your（你的；你们的）

his（他的）   her（她的） its（它的）

their（他们的；她们的；它们的）

1. This is ______ room.（我的）
2. What”s ________ name?（你的）
3. I have a dog. _________（它的） name is Coco and ___________ （它是） black.

The key:

1. my    2.your    3.Its; it's

注意：“her”既是宾格“她”，也是形容词性的物主代词“她的”;

its 的意思是“它的”

      It’s = it is 意思是“它是”

2. 名词性的物主代词，其后一定不能接名词。

mine=my +名词       ours=our+名词

yours=your+名词

his=his+名词

hers=her+名词

theirs=their+名词

its=its+名词

注意：“his”和“its”形容词性的物主代词，也是名词性的物主代词。

This room is _________.（我的）

That schoolbag is ________.（她的）

My pen is on the desk. Where is _____?（你的）

The key: mine/hers/yours

练习：

1.____ is English. _____ name is Gina.

A. She; She    B. She; Her    C. Her; She    D. Her; Her

2. This is _____ room. The photo of my family is on the wall.

A. I    B. we     C. our     D. they

3. Is this Anna's ruler? 

- No, it isn't. ____ is white.

A. She    B. She's     C. Her     D. Hers

4. Miss Smith is very kind. We all like ____.

A. it    B. her     C. him      D. them

5.- Is this red pen ____ ?

- No, ____ is black.

A. you; my    B. your; mine     C. yours; my      D. yours; mine

6.When _____ your mother's birthday？

- ______ on January 31st.

A. is; It's     B. are; He's      C. are; It's     D. is; She's

7.There are _____ trees in the picture, But there aren't ____ animals.

A. some; some    B. any; any   C. some; any    D. any; some

8. We have ______ ball games. Join ____ soon.

A. much; we    B. many; we    C. much; us    D. many; us

9.- Who's your English teacher?

- Miss Gao. She teaches ______ English very well.

A. our   B. us     C. ours      D. we

10.- My ruler is broken(坏了）. Can I use _____?

- Of course. Here it is.

A. his   B. hers    C. mine    D. yours

11.- Are those ____ books, Jack?

- No, they aren't. They are _____.

A. yours; Sam's     B. your; Sam    C. your; Sam's    D. yours; Sam

12.The dictionary on the desk is ____. Mine is on the chair over there.

A. your     B. hers   C. mine     D. my

13. -Those are oranges.

-Good. I like ____ very much.

A. one    B. them    C. it     D. it's

14.- Excuse me, can I use your eraser? ____ is at home.

A. I    B. Me     C. My     D. Mine

15. I have a lovely pet cat. ____ name is Coco.

A. It    B. This     C. Its      D. She

16.- Excuse me, is this Alice's pencil box?

-Yes, it is. It's ____. She is looking for（寻找） it.

A.A. mine    B. ours    C. hers    D. theirs

17.- Helen, is that cup on the desk ____?

- No, it isn't ____ cup. It must be Dale's.

A. yours; my   B. your; mine    C. your; my    D. yours; mine

The key:

1. B    2.C    3.D    4.B    5.D

5. A    7.C    8.D    9.B    10.D

11.      C   12.B   13.B   14.D    15.C

16.      C    17.A

三.  反身代词

1. 第一，二人称的反身代词由形容词性的物主代词+self/selves构成：

myself我自己

ourselves我们自己

yourself你自己；您自己

yourselves你们自己；您们自己

第三人陈的反身代词由人称代词宾格+self/selves构成:

himself他自己

herself她自己

itself它自己

themselves他们自己；她们自己；它们自己

2. 用法：

作宾语，如：

The child can dress himself.

You are old enough to take care of yourself.

作表语,如：

Just be yourself.做你自己就好了。

Mary hasn’t quite been herself recently.

玛丽最近身体不舒服。

作主语或宾语的同位语，如:

Mr. Green himself is a lawyer.

You had better ask the woman herself.

3. 反身代词的惯用语

by oneself独自的

to oneself 独享地

enjoy oneself玩得开心 

teach oneself=learn...by oneself自学  

keep ....to oneself保守秘密 

dress oneself自己穿衣

help oneself to.... 随便（吃，用.....） 

call oneself自称

seat oneself 坐下    

apply oneself to致力于

adapt oneself 适应     

behave oneself行为规矩

be oneself  怡然自得   

Make yourself at home.别客气！

Don’t upset yourself!别自寻烦恼！

You must pull yourself together.你必须振作起来。

四.  不定代词some和any

1. Some/any的意思是“一些”，既是代词，也是形容词；可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：

some books     some bread

注意：some一般用于肯定句中；any用于否定句或疑问句中；但在一些表示建议，请求或邀请的疑问句中，或者希望对方作出肯定回答的句子中，应用some，不用any。例如：

There is some milk on the table.

There isn’t any milk on the table.

Is there any milk on the table?

Are there any students in that room?

Would you like some orange juice,Mike?

另外，any在表示“任何一个；无论哪个”之意时，可用于肯定句中，例如：

The question is so easy. Any student can answer it.

五.不定代词few和little

1.few既是代词，也可作形容词。其意义是“很少；几乎没有”，含有否定意义；

a few意思是“一些；几个”，含有肯定意义；

quite a few意思是“相当多”；

fewer是few的比较级，意思是“更少的”;

few/a few/quite a few/ fewer 均修饰或替代可数名词复数。如：

Few people understand the difference.

很少有人了解这个差别。

I’ve seen most of his movies.Only a few are as good as his first one.

他的电影多数我都看过。只有少数几部能与他的第一部媲美。

2. little既是代词，也可作形容词，意思是“很少；几乎没有”，含有否定意义；

a little意思是“有一点；少量”，含有肯定意义；

less是little的比较级，意思是“更少的”;

little/a little/less 均修饰或替代不可数名词。例如：

There was little doubt in my mind.

我心里几乎没有疑问。

She said little or nothing about her experience.

她对自己的经历几乎只字不提。

练习：

1.There are _______ mistakes in your writing. You did a good job.

2.You don’t need to rush. There is ____________ time left.

3.If drivers are more careful,there will be _______ car accidents.

4.There is _______ salt in the kitchen. Could you please buy some?

5.I recognized ____________ of the other people.

6.I’ve been there ___________ times.

7.If you have any spare milk, could you give me _______?

8.In the future, there will be ______pollution and more free time.

The key:

1. few    2.a little    3.fewer

3. little    5.a few/some    6.quite a few      7.a little      8.less

六.复合不定代词

1. 由some ,any, every, no加上one, body, thing构成的不定代词称为复合不定代词。

someone=somebody某人

something某事；某物

anyone=anybody任何人

anything任何东西；任何事物

everyone=everybody人人；每人；所有人 everything每件事；所有事物

no one=nobody没有人

nothing没有什么；没有一件东西

2. 复合不定代词相当于名词，在句中可以作主语，宾语或表语。

Someone is waiting for you at the door.

I don’t have anything to say today.

Money isn’t everything.

3. 复合不定代词表示单数概念，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Every thing begins to grow in spring.

4. 复合不定代词或复合不定副词被形容词或不定式等修饰时，形容词或不定式等应置于不定代词或副词之后。

Did you buy anything special?

I don’t have anyone to talk with.

There is nothing wrong with the radio.

I have something important to tell you.

I can’t stand anyone impolite.

上面的例题都是不定代词；下面的例题使用的是不定副词。

Did you go anywhere interesting?

你去过任何有趣的地方吗？

I’d like to live somewhere warm.

我想住在温暖的地方。

5. some-类复合不定代词通常用于肯定句；但有时也用于表示请求或建议的疑问句中。例如：

Will you ask someone to carry the box for me?

Would you like something to eat?

any-类复合不定代词通常用于否定句或疑问句中；但是anyone表示“任何人”，anything表示“任何事”时，可用于肯定句中。例如：

I bought something interesting for my sister.

I didn’t buy anything interesting for my sister.

Did you buy anything interesting for your sister?

Anyone can do this.

I can do anything for you.

Anything is possible.

6. somebody重要人物

nobody小人物；无名之辈

He is nobody in his factory, but somebody among the workers.

She rose from being a nobody to become a superstar.

她从无名小辈一跃成为超级明星。

练习：                     

不定代词

一.

1.- Do you have _____ to say for yourself?

- No, I have ______ to say.

1. something; everything      
2. nothing; something
3. everything; anything        

D. anything; nothing

2. - Would you like _____ to eat?

- Yes, please.

1. something      B. anything  

C. everything    D. nothing

3. Tom ___ the piano every day when he was in primary school.

A. plays    B. will play  

C. played   D. is playing

4. - What did Mr. Smith do before he came to China?

- He ____ in a car factory.

1. worked      B. works  

C. is working    D. will work

5. - Your brother is an excellent basketball player.

- So he is. He ____ to play basketball three years ago.

1. begins      B. began   

C. beginning    D. to begin

6.-Don’t play games any more. There is ____ for you.

-OK,Mom.

1. nothing useful    B.useful nothing

C.something useful  D. useful something

7.-Sally, I have _____ exciting to tell you. We will go back to school soon.

-Great!

1. anything     B.something

C.everything   D.nothing

8. I knocked at the door but _____ answered. Maybe they went to the concert.

A.nobody       B.somebody

C.everybody     D.anybody

9. Listen! _____  is calling our names.

1. nobody     B.Anybody

C.Somebody   D.Something

10.-Did you talk to ____ on the phone just now?

-Yes, it was Linda.

1. someone    B.everyone

C.nobody      D.anyone

二.完成句子：(运用不定代词或反身代词）

1. 上周六你们在海边做了特别的事吗？

Did you do _____________________ at the beach last Saturday?

2. 我为我的父母买了东西，但是我自己什么也没买。

I bought _______ for my parents, but ___________ for myself.

3. 你去过有趣的地方吗？

Did you go _______________________?

4. 所有人都玩得开心吗？

______________________________ have a good time?

= ________ everyone enjoy ___________?

5. 我遇到了有趣的人和奇妙的事。

 I met ___________ interesting and _________   _________.

6. 一切都很棒。

___________ was excellent.

7. 我的手表出了问题。

____________ is wrong with my watch.

8. 你有什么重要的事要说吗？

Do you have _______________________ to say?

9. 午餐时，我们吃了非常特别的东西。

 ______ lunch, we __________________.

10. 做你自己就好了。

 Just be ___________________.

11. 这个小男孩能自己穿衣。

The little boy can ___________________.

12. 我们应该行为规矩。

We should _________________________.

The key:

一.

1. D    2.A    3.C    4.A    5.B

7. C    7.B    8.A    9.C    10.D

二.

1. anything special
2. something;nothing
3. anywhere interesting
4. Did everyone ; Did themselves
5. someone; something wonderful
6. Everything
7. Something
8. anything important
9. For;ate something special
10.      yourself
11.      dress himself
12.      behave ourselves