2022年中考英语阅读理解解答技巧（一）
展开初中英语阅读理解解答技巧
（一） 细节法
细节理解题主要考查考生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力,属表层理解范畴，难度较小，但在整个阅读理解题中所占比重最大,一般分为两种形式，即直接细节理解题和间接细节理解题。细节理解题的解题技巧：(1)针对问题，寻找线素所在，即名词、动词或形容词等实义词;(2)具体细节词源于阅读材料，要紧扣阅读材料。因此，解答细节理解题时，不能脱离原文,应在文章中找到出处，并根据相应出处的信息作出解释，
例： Can a sixth-grader play in a high school basketball team? Yes. There is a new basketball star, and his name is Julian Newman. After getting 91 points （分数）in a basketball game last season （赛季），Julian became a player in a high school basketball team.
At first, some people worried about Julian. Would Julian get hurt? Could he play well with other high school students? But Julian is a very good basketball player. He loves the game, and he plays very hard. He practises playing basketball at least three hours a day.
"We don't need to worry about him at all. Julian is really a great basketball player. He plays basketball very well and we all like him," says Junulhun Ferrell, a high school student in the team.
Last season, the team won 3 games and lost 18 games. This season, with Julian's help, they won 21games and lost only 6. But now, some schools don't want to play with Julian's team. Why? Maybe they don't want to lose to a 12-year-old boy.
Julian's team won games this season.
A. 3 B. 21 C. 91 D. 6
答案：B
解析:本题属于细节理解题。选项中的四个数宇都在文中出现，但由最后一段的第二句“This season, with Julian's help, they won 21 games and lost only 6." 可知，这个赛季朱利安的球队赢了21 场比賽。
（二） 判断推理法
阅读理解的某些题目不能从原文中直接找到答案，我们需要通过对文意的理解来得出答案。我们应该先从文中找到相关的句子，结合语言环境，使用判断推理的方法找出答案。
例：
The art of living is to know when to hold fast and when to let go. For life is a paradox （自相矛盾)：it orders us to hold tightly to its many gifts even while it forces us to give up everything at last. As an old saying
goes;“A man comes into this world with his fist clenched(握紧拳头）,but when he dies, his hand is open. ”
What can we learn from this paragraph?
A. Life seems strange with opposite ideas.
B. Life teaches us to hold tightly to our life.
C. Life is a box of chocolates with secrets.
D. Life is mainly about birth and death.
答案:A
解析：题目询问的是这一段短文的主要含义。英语文章中，每段的首句通常是本段的中心观点。“生活的艺术在于知道何时牢牢把握，何时放手”，由提示词paradox 可推知，答案应包含辦证统一的两方面内容,故选 A。
（三） 主旨大意法
主旨句在文中的位置通常有三种：开头、文中和文末。我们通常采用浏览的方式仔细选读文章的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索。主题呈现方式主要有：
1. 开门见山式
即主题出现在文首,随之用细节来论证或阐述主题。
2. 卧虎藏龙式 即主题隐含在全文当中，要根据细节概括推导出文章的主题。
3. 藏头露尾式
即主题出现在文尾，文章先阐述细节，再归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题。
例：
Mary made some New Year's resolutions this year. First, she's going to learn to play the piano. She's going to take piano lessons and practice every day.Next, she wants to get good grades. She's going to study harder. Finally, she wants to learn a new language.She's going to buy some Japanese CDs and practice Japanese at home.
* What's the main idea of the paragraph?
答案：Mary made some New Year's resolutions this year.
解析：本段的主旨句出现在开头,然后分first, next,finally 进行细节陈述，属于开门见山式。
（四） 细节理解法
在初中阶段的英语阅读理解题中，细节理解题占有很大的比例。细节理解题大多能直接从文中找到答案，相对来说，比较容易。这与我们的知识基础、理解能力及判断能力有很大的关系。
细节理解题一般包括直接理解题(即题目信息与原文基本相同)、语义转化题(即题目信息与原文相关信息进行了语义上的转换)、数宇计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。
细节理解法是解答阅读理解题最常用的方法之-在阅读短文之前，我们可以先快速浏览问题,然后带着问题去阅读文章,扫描和搜寻信息点，与题目不相关的句子和语段很快略过，相关信息语言区域则要放慢速度,细致地对照原文和选项提供的信息;然后，“对号入座”，找到解题范围后，立刻排除明显的干扰项,然后逐个突破,对余下的选项进行筛选,使选项的范围越来越小,直至确定答案。
例：My name is Jill. I am eleven. I have four new friends. They are Peter, Lily, Nick and Millie. Peter and Nick are boys. Lily and Millie are girls. Peter is strong.Nick is short and thin. Lily is very pretty. Millie is tall and slim. Peter is from England. Nick, Lily and Millie are from America.
1. I am .
A. Jill B. Peter C. Lily D. Millie
2. I have new friends.
A. two B. three C. four D. five
3. Millie is from .
A. China B. England C. America D. Australia
答案:1. A 2.C 3.C
解析
1. 由短文第一句“My name is Jill. ”可知“我是Jill”,故选A。
2. 由短文第三句“I have four new friends.”可知“我”有四个新朋友,故C。
3. 由短文最后一句“Nick, Lily and Milie are from America.”可知Milie来自美国，选C。
（五） 根据上下文猜测词义法
猜测词义题是阅读理解中的常见题型之一。根据上下文猜测词义是解答猜测词义题的最常见的方法。任何一个实词，只有在一定的上下文中才能表达一个确定的意思。上下文的作用就是帮助确定文中的词、短语或句子的意义。因此，我们可以根据上下文的已知内容进行逻辑上的推理，即从已知推求未知，也就是用我们所熟悉的词或短语来猜测我们不熟悉的词或短语的意思。
根据上下文猜测词义的方法主要有下列几种：根据定义或解释猜测词义;根据并列、同位关系猜测词义;根据同义 、反义、因果关系猜测词义。
例1（陕西中考）“Why does the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side!”
That's an old joke in the west, but it came to my mind again when I saw people crossing the road at the intersection of Shaanxi Road and Huaihai Road in Shanghai,
49. The underlined word “intersection” here probably means “____”.
A. road B. bridge C. crossing D. traffic
解析：C road“公路,道路”,bridge“桥”;crossing“十字路口”;traffic“交通”。句意：在西方那是一则古老的笑话,但当我看见人们在上海的陕西路与淮海路的_____过马路时,它一下子又出现在我的脑海中。根据画线词后的“陕西路和淮海路是两条路”可以推测出生词 intersection 的词义为“十字路口”。故选C。
2. . Besides the usual classrooms and labs, the boarding schools have lots of other facilities for their students, including music rooms, boats, swimming pools, cinemas and theatres.
68. The underlined word “facilities” means ______ .
A. 教授 B.设施 C.课程
解析:B 词义猜测题。句意：除了寻常的教室和实验室外,寄宿学校还为学生配备了许多其他的包括音乐室、小船、游泳池、影院和剧院⋯⋯根据上下文中提到的教室、实验室、音乐室、小船、游泳池、影院、
剧院都是学校设施可知，选B。
（六） 排除法
在阅读理解中，有些题目我们从正面选择答案有困难,此时我们可以考虑用排除法来解答。所谓排除法，就是根据文章内容排除错误选项，那么剩下的选项即为正确答案。排除法是解阅读理解题的常用方法，一般来说,对于那些与文意明显不符或与文章内容不相关的选项比较容易排除，但有些选项与文章内容相符，却与题干问题不吻合，也应作为错误选项手以排除。尤其是那些从文章中摘录的现成句子,要特别小心,除了验证其是否能回答所提问题外，还要看它是否回答了问题的主要方面，也就是说看它是不是最佳答案，如果它只能回答所提问题的一个侧面或还有比它更合适的选项，都要毫不犹豫地将其排除。
例： Three students are talking about the New Year tradition of their own country.
A. Christina from Spain
On the last day of the year, the 31st of December, people wait till 12 pm. Everybody must have 12 grapes to eat at midnight. At each sound of the clock, we must eat a grape. But we can't ever finish eating the grapes
on time! Usually when people still have some grapes in their mouths, they look at each other and start to laugh. This tradition started in Spain long ago. One year, when there were a lot of grapes, the king of Spain decided to give grapes to everybody to eat on New Year's Eve.
B. Cordon from Britain
On New Year's Day in Britain, people have parties.At 12 o'clock, the music stops, and we listen to the radio. On the radio we hear Elizabeth Tower, the famous clock in London. Then everybody sings a song about
friendship and kisses their friends. We say“Happy New Year”to each other. It's lucky if a tall man with dark hair is the first person to come to the house in the New Year. So I go and visit as many friends as I can. They all give me a drink,
C. Angela from Brazil
In all cities in Brazil, we have a big party on New Year's Eve, especially in Rio de Janeiro. People in this city go to the beaches to watch fireworks(焰火).We put flowers in the sea and think about things we want
for ourselves or others. We usually wear white clothes for good luck during the New Year.
Which is NOT mentioned （被提到）in the passage?
A. Have 12 grapes to eat.
B. Have parties.
C. Give flowers to others.
D. Watch fireworks.
答案：C
解析：由 Christina 的介绍“Everybody must have 12 grapes to eat at midnight. ”可排除 A;由Cordon 的介绍“On New Year's Day in Britain, people have parties. ”可排除 B;由 Angela 的介绍“People in this city go to the beaches to watch fireworks.”可排除D。故选C
