高考英语二轮复习4.1.3 推理判断题（1）含答案

  4-1-3推理判断题(一)

A

(2018· 湖北七市联考)Every household should have its own economical measures. In our case，it's a yard sale—the best behavior is recycling.For us，it couldn't have come at a better time.First，we are broke.Second，we have too many unwanted items in our home.

In fact，Posh once scolded me for selling a Bill Blass tie she bought me as a gift，in tears for the first time since our wedding night.I had to explain that women buy neckties for color，and men buy neckties for the way the material falls nicely against the shirts.It's one of the fundamental differences between the sexes.

Anyway，we have this yard sale in our front yard, where we unload a lot of junk: bad books, broken toys，half-smoked cigars...

“Dad，you're always selling objects too cheap，” complained the lovely and patient older daughter，who sits near the cash box，looking very upset.“I'm going back to bed，” she says, and so she does.

She is replaced by the little girl，Mini-Posh. Mini-Posh turns out to be more bored than even her lovely sister.She yawns a couple of times，and then requires lunch.

A few minutes later, my young son sells his very first tricycle for $2.Apparently, we're underpricing.

“You should ask $20 for those mountain bikes，” suggests one customer, who goes on to tell Posh that for 27 years he and his wife have spent Saturday mornings drinking coffee together, then visiting the yard sales.

“That's soooo romantic，” Posh says.

In fact, we do very well.In the end, a troop of strangers pay me hundreds of dollars to clean out the house. I also discover what romance really is (visiting yard sales)．

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一家人在前院进行庭院旧货出售的经过。

1．What do we know about a yard sale?

A．It's an ideal place for Americans to get gifts.

B．It's for customers and sellers to make crafts together.

C．It's a fashionable event for singles to search for romance.

D．It's about selling unwanted items to people who need them.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据首段的描述，尤其是第二句中的“the best behavior is recycling”和最后一句中的“we have too many unwanted items in our home”可知D项正确。

【答案】 D

 2.Why did the author sell the Bill Blass necktie?

A．Because it didn't match his shirts.

B．Because it was a real bargain.

C．Because it was already worn out.

D．Because it was of poor quality.

【解析】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“...men buy neckties for the way the material falls nicely against the shirts”可知，男人买领带根据它与衬衫的搭配方式，而女人买领带则是为了颜色，故可推知作者卖了妻子买给他的领带是因为他认为领带与他的衬衫不搭，所以A项正确。

【答案】 A

 3.How do the author's two daughters feel about the yard sale?

A．They become uninterested in the sale of secondhand goods.

B．They are sympathetic to their father who is broke.

C．They grow crazy about everything to do with their junk.

D．They become angry when their father cheaply sell the items.

【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“selling objects too cheap”“looking very upset”和第五段中的“turns out to be more bored than even her lovely sister”可知，作者的两个女儿对售卖二手货物不感兴趣，所以A项正确。

【答案】 A

 4.What can we infer from the passage?

A．Yard sales in the US are no longer popular.

B．Rich Americans are trying to collect extra cash.

C．Visiting yard sales is romantic to certain American couples.

D．It is pleasant that strangers volunteer to clean your house.

【解析】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段一位顾客的故事以及最后一段中的“I also discover what romance really is (visiting yard sales)”可推知，对一些美国人来说，逛庭院旧货出售是浪漫的，所以C项正确。

【答案】 C

 B

(2018·广州市普通高中毕业班综合测试一)It's no secret that your personal characteristics directly affect how you interact with the world—but you might be surprised at just how deep it goes. Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable for you.

Highly Sensitive

Highly sensitive people may be more uncomfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed.Additionally，they may feel more upset about an ineffective or a poor workout，says researcher Elaine Aron.

For such people，individual or non?competitive activities like biking, running and hiking are ideal.

Type A Personality

Type A individuals often have an“all or nothing approach” to exercise.This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan，not to mention being super competitive.However，this can cause them to stick too closely to a fitness routine，which means they might try to push past an injury.

To get better exercise results，Type A people need to be aware that following an exercise plan too strictly may limit their progress.They should be more flexible and listen to their body，especially when they are in pain.

Type B Personality

This laid-back group may get too lazy about their exercise plan，which prevents them from seeing results.They are often less willing to devote enough time and energy to their fitness goals especially if exercise is something that makes them anxious.

Type B individuals succeed in creative and cooperative environments, so team sports and group gym classes may be perfect.

Remember, there are plenty of ways you can adapt a fitness plan to suit your needs, regardless of your characteristics. Just keep in mind what you like.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择。

5．Why might highly sensitive people be unwilling to take part in group sports?

A．They will feel like they are being evaluated.

B．They don't like socializing with other people.

C．They don't consider themselves to be athletic.

D．They fear they'll be let down by their teammates.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Highly sensitive people may be more uncomfortable with group exercise classes or team sports where they feel their every move is being observed”可知，高度敏感的人可能不喜欢参加团体运动课程或团队体育运动的原因是他们觉得他们的每一个动作都会被观察到。据此可知，A项正确。

【答案】 A

6．Type A people can be best described as________．

A．committed　　　　　　　　B．flexible

C．independent               D．sensitive

【解析】 推理判断题。由题干关键词“Type A people”定位至“Type A Personality”部分；根据“Type A Personality”部分中的“This personality type is known for sticking closely to their plan，not to mention being super competitive”可知，这种性格的人会坚守他们的计划；A项意为“坚定的”，故A项正确。

【答案】 A

7．What is the purpose of the text?

A．To help people understand what personality type they are.

B．To explain how personal characteristics affect exercise habits.

C．To identify the dangers of doing the wrong type of exercise.

D．To describe different types of workouts that are available today.

【解析】 目的意图题。通读全文尤其是文章第一段的第二句“Experts think that your personality can even affect how you exercise and influence what sports are suitable for you”可知，本文主要论述了人的性格影响体育锻炼项目的选择，并介绍了不同性格的人的体育锻炼习惯。据此可知，本文旨在解释性格是如何影响人的体育锻炼习惯的，故B项正确。

【答案】 B

C

(2018·南昌市高三第三次模拟测试)Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution，according to a new study published recently.In the first study of its kind，a team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that has the most severe impact on health：PM2.5.

Particulate matter，or PM, is a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers，about 30 times smaller than a human hair.These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system (呼吸系统), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation (炎症) and stress.

The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body，although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.

For this study，10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo(安慰剂) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1，000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an“oxygen-type” face mask.The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a B vitamin supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of vitamin B6，and 1 mg of vitamin B12.B6 can be found in liver，chicken and nuts, and B12 in fish，meat，eggs，milk and some cereals.

The researchers found that four weeks of B vitamin supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%—76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5.

【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。吸入人体内的PM2.5(细颗粒物)会导致疾病。不过，研究发现维生素B在一定程度上能降低PM2.5的危害。

8．Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health?

A．It pollutes and poisons the air.

B．It is too much to be got rid of.

C．It carries viruses and diseases.

D．It is easily breathed in and damages our body.

【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system(呼吸系统)，resulting in lung and systemic inflammation(炎症)and stress”可知，PM2.5(细颗粒物)很小，能进入我们的呼吸系统，导致肺部和全身炎症。

【答案】 D

9．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A．The process of the research was not scientific.

B．This kind of research has been done many times.

C．Further studies are needed to confirm their findings.

D．Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people's daily life.

【解析】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small”可知，该项研究处于初级阶段且样本规模小，因此还需要更多的研究来证明研究团队的发现。

【答案】 C

10．What is the text mainly about?

A．International researchers have a new finding.

B．Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5.

C．Particulate matter does great harm to our health.

D．Emission control and regulation are badly needed.

【解析】 主旨大意题。文章第一段和第二段谈到PM2.5的定义以及PM2.5的危害；第三到五段告诉我们维生素B能降低PM2.5的危害，所以B项最能概括文章主旨。

【答案】 B

11．The new study was probably published________．

A．in a science journal

B．on a government website

C．in a fashion magazine

D． in a medical textbook

【解析】 推理判断题。该文的内容为科学研究发现，很可能出自科学期刊。所以A项正确。

【答案】 A