专题12 备战2022高考英语阅读理解文体专项训练之辩论类议论文

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备战2022高考英语阅读文体专项训练
之辩论类议论文（教师版）
（A）
They hide in trees, hang from helicopters, even follow people on motorcycles- all so that they can snap a shot of a celebrity. They are paparazzi-photographers who make a living by taking pictures of the rich and famous.
This September, California, a state with plenty of celebrities, passed a law aimed at taking action against paparazzi. The law forbids photographers from entering private property to take pictures, from using high-tech devices to take pictures of people on private property, and from “persistently following someone in order to take a picture." Violators can be fined or spend time in prison.The United Slate Congress is considering pa sins a similar law.
Supporters of the California law say it will protect the privacy of celebrities, whom paparazzi have been bothering for years. Opponents (反对者) say the law restricts photojournalists from doing their job. Most celebrities seem to like having their pictures taken when they are in public at award shows or other events. After all, it's free publicity. But when they're not in public, they say, photographers should leave them alone. Yet paparazzi have been known to secretly look in windows and worse. Actor Michael J Fox said that paparazzi have even "tried to pretend to be medical personnel at the hospital where my wife was giving birth to our son. Celebrities have as much right to their privacy as anyone else, supporters of the law state. Supporters further argue that the California law is a fair way to keep the press at bay, because the law still allows photographers to do their job.It only punishes them, supporters say, when they violate celebrities' privacy.
Opponents of the law say it violates the First Amendment to the United States Constitution (美国宪法第一修正案), which guarantees that no laws will be made to limit“the freedom of speech, or of the press" Although some people might not consider paparazzi a part of the legal press, the California law does not single out paparazzi It applies to photographers working for any publication.
Opponents of the law are also concerned about its wording “Does persistently' me an following someone for six minutes, six seconds, or six days?"asked lawyer Douglas Mirell. The wording of the law is too vague, critics complain, and could be used to punish almost any news photographer.
The United States needs a free press to keep the public informed about important news, paparazzi law opponents say. Limiting the press in any way, they argue, limits the freedom of all.
1. Which of following will be considered illegal by the new California law?
A. Paparazzi slipping into the house of a famous person to take a shot.
B. Paparazzi taking photos of famous people with high-techcameras.
C. Paparazzi hiring helicopters as a fast means of transportation.
D. Paparazzi rushing towards filming sites on motorcycles.
2. Supporters of the new law believe that.
A. it prevents the media from getting worse
B. it gives photographers a fair way to compete
C. punishment forces paparazzi to quit their job
D. privacy of famous people needs special protection
3. Opponents of the new law are concerned that___
A. it will violate paparazzi's privacy
B. the First Amendment will be changed
C. some photographers will be wrongly accused
D. people will not be informed of important news
4. What is the author's attitude towards the new California law?
A. Critical B. Neutral.
C. Approving D. Sceptical.
参考答案：
1：A.细节理解题.根据文章The law forbids photographers from entering private property to take pictures，from using high - tech devices to take pictures of people on private property， and from "persistently following in order to take a picture可知狗仔队偷偷溜进名人的房子里去拍照将被认为是非法的新加利福尼亚州法律;故选A.
2： A.细节理解题.根据文章Supporters of the California law say it will protect the privacy of celebrities ，whom paparazzi have been bothering for years.可知新法律的支持者认为它阻止了媒体的恶化;故选A.
3：C.推理判断题.根据文章Although some people .might not consider paparazzi a part of the legal press，the California law does not single out paparazzi. It applies to photographers working for any publication.可知新法律的反对者担心一些摄影师会被冤枉;故选C.
4： B.推理判断题.根据文章The United States needs a free press to keep the public informed about important news，paparazzi law opponents say. Limiting the press in any way，they argue，limits the freedom of all.可知作者对加州新法律的态度是中立的;故选B.
（B）
A first-year undergraduate student in Chengdu recently complained online that her mother refused to raise her monthly allowance to 4,500 yuan ($ 633) even when she said her current allowance 2,000 yuan was not enough to cover her expenses,sparking a debate on how much money a college student needs per month.One expert shares his views on the issue with China Daily:Students should pursue education,not comfort.
Even for a college student studying in a first-tier city in China,2,000 yuan is enough to cover all his or her monthly expenses.In fact,for a college student in Chengdu a monthly allowance of 2,000 yuan is more than enough.According to a survey conducted by a bookkeeping platform,the average monthly expense for an undergraduate in cities other than Beijing,Shanghai and Hangzhou was less than 2,000 yuan in 2019;for Chengdu,it was 1,900 yuan.
Claiming that she can hardly afford new clothing and cosmetics with her 2,000 yuan monthly allowance,the undergraduate student in Chengdu criticized her mother for refusing to raise her pocket money.Her “meager” allowance,she said,prevented her from buying branded goods that her hostel-mates enjoyed.
By the time a person enters a college,she or he should have developed a healthy consumption habit.And a youth should adjust her or his consumption according to her or his family income.On a deeper level,the money they spend in college should depend on how much they value their parents’ hard work.Besides,some college students could take up part-time jobs to meet their monetary needs if they feel their parents don’t or can’t send them enough money.In this way they can also learn to meet the requirements of life in the future and develop healthy consumption habits.More importantly,they should always bear in mind that education is their top priority in college.
1.What’s the expert’s attitude to the issue about the undergraduate student?
A.Critical. B.Neutral.
C.Supportive. D.Unconcerned.
2.In 2019,the undergraduates’ average monthly expense in Hangzhou was 　　　. 
A.more than 2,000 yuan B.633 dollars
C.less than 2,000 yuan D.1,000 dollars
3.Which of the following best explains “meager” in Paragraph 3?
A.Empty. B.Pitiful.
C.Mean. D.Fruitful.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A.College students should keep their expenses in line with their family conditions.
B.College students’ consumption level is determined by their parents.
C.College students should take up a part-time job to cover their expenses.
D.College students should deal with their problems about living expenses reasonably.
参考答案：
1.A　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“One expert shares his views on the issue with China Daily:Students should pursue education,not comfort.”可知,专家对这位大学生的做法是持批评态度的。故选A项。
2.A　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“According to a survey conducted by a bookkeeping platform,the average monthly expense for an undergraduate in cities other than Beijing,Shanghai and Hangzhou was less than 2,000 yuan in 2019.”可知,2019年杭州大学生每月的消费高于2 000元。
3.B　词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“...prevented her from buying branded goods that her hostel-mates enjoyed.”可知,她认为父母给的零花钱很少,很“可怜”,不够花。故“meager”应意为“可怜的”。故选B项。
4.D　主旨大意题。最后一段提到:当一个人进入大学时,他或她应该养成健康的消费习惯。年轻人应当根据家庭收入调整消费。在更深的层次上,他们在大学里花的钱应该取决于他们对父母努力工作的重视程度。由此可知,最后一段主要讲述了大学生应该合理地处理他们的生活费用问题,故选D项。
（C）
Driving is one of those necessary skills that each person should possess if they wish to not get trapped during the “survival of the fittest” theory of life.You can start learning to drive when you are eighteen.Experience tells that the older you become,the harder it is to learn driving.
Learning to drive will be the very last thing on your mind,when you graduate out of a university,and will be desperate looking for a job and stressing out on how to clear your student debt.So,the best way is to start out early on your path of taking driving lessons.Many of the teens in recent times are opting to not drive.By this,you are really missing out on a huge part of growing up and losing lot of benefits on a whole.One of the top reasons for not learning driving is the high costs of automatic driving lessons.But,we are here to tell you why you should overlook the costs and rather concentrate on the numerous advantages.
No need for public transport.Using public transport to get to any destination quickly is anything but convenient.If you know how to drive,you will never have to rely on public modes of transportation ever again.Relying on a bus or train to arrive smoothly on time rarely ever happens.
At times you aren’t or can’t be relying on public transportation,those are the times you are probably relying on a friend,or your parents for a ride.Knowing how to drive yourself will make you independent and you wouldn’t have to fit your plans according to other people’s schedules.
In the recent job world,there may be plenty of jobs out there which won’t mark you as an eligible candidate because you don’t know how to drive.
These are the main benefits that knowing how to drive could bring into your life.So start going to driving school.
1.Which is the best time to learn to drive according to the text?
A.When you are trapped.
B.When you are young.
C.After you have some experience.
D.After you leave university.
2.Why do some people give up learning to drive according to the text?
A.They are busy seeking for jobs.
B.They don’t see the advantages of driving.
C.They are unwilling to pay high costs.
D.They can’t concentrate on many things.
3.How does the author think of public transport?
A.Not expensive. B.Not Punctual.
C.Convenient. D.Crowded.
4.What will you be if you can drive according to Paragraph 4?
A.Free. B.Reliable.
C.Dependent. D.Popular.
参考答案：
1.B　细节理解题。文章第一段最后一句提到:经验告诉我们,年龄越大,学习驾驶就越难,因此我们应该在年轻的时候学习驾驶技术。
2.C　细节理解题。文章第二段倒数第二句提到,有些人不学习驾驶的一个主要原因是机动驾驶课程的高成本,因此答案为C项。
3.B　细节理解题。文章第三段第二句提到使用公共交通工具很难快速到达目的地,因此可知答案为B项。
4.A　推理判断题。文章第四段提到,知道如何驾驶将使你独立,你不必根据别人的时间表来调整你的计划,这说明你会更加自由一些,因此答案为A项。
（D）
The U.S.is still out in front of global competitors when it comes to innovation (革新),but American universities—where new ideas often spread—have reason to look over their shoulders. 
That’s especially true for technologies like 5G phone networks and artificial intelligence and they’re exactly the fields where the U.S.has to lead—and also the ones where Asia,especially China,is catching up.Universities from China get more patents than their U.S.peers in wireless communications,according to research firm GreyB Services.In AI,17 of the top 20 universities and public research organizations are in China,with the Chinese Academy of Sciences topping the list,says the World Intellectual Property Organization in Geneva.
There’s a special place for universities in the development of science.Universities educate future scientists and can be incubators (孵化器) for pie-in-the-sky ideas—some of which turn out to be game-changers.The list ranges from search engines to DNA technology that’s behind a whole industry of gene-manipulating (基因编辑) treatments.
However,government aids to universities haven’t been growing for more than a decade,meaning they’ve declined in real terms and as a share of the economy,leading to the cost increase for universities and meanwhile somehow discouraging the teaching staff from putting all their hearts into their scientific research.
“If you look at the federal dollars,they’ve not really changed considerably,” says Stephen Susalka,head of AUTM,a technology transfer association whose members include 800 universities.“Other countries are catching up.We can’t be satisfied with what we have achieved.”
1.What does the underlined phrase “look over their shoulders” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A.Watch out. B.Take off.
C.Stand up. D.Hide away.
2.The author mentions 5G phone networks in Paragraph 2 to show 　　　. 
A.Chinese universities have obtained more patents than other countries
B.the Chinese government provides aids to Chinese universities
C.wireless communications are changed dramatically these years
D.U.S.universities may lose their lead in some high-tech fields
3.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A.Universities can be birthplaces of game programmers.
B.Pie-in-the-sky ideas from universities can be revolutionary.
C.Universities play an important role in science development.
D.Gene-manipulation helps to develop DNA technology.
4.What’s Stephen Susalka’s attitude towards the future development of U.S.universities?
A.Worried. B.Disapproving.
C.Positive. D.Unconcerned.
参考答案：
1.A　词义猜测题。根据第一段“The U.S.is still out in front of global competitors when it comes to innovation(革新),but American universities—where new ideas often spread—have reason to look over their shoulders.”,特别是转折连词but可知,前后两个分句为转折关系,意为虽然美国在创新方面仍然处于世界前列,但是美国大学却有理由要当心了。 
2.D　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“That’s especially true for technologies like 5G phone networks and artificial intelligence...Universities from China get more patents than their U.S.peers in wireless communications,according to research firm GreyB Services.”可知,作者提到5G电话网络是举例说明美国在一些高科技领域可能失去领先。
3.C　主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句(主旨句)“There’s a special place for universities in the development of science.”以及本段的主要内容可知,大学在科学发展中起重要的作用,所以选C项。
4.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段尤其是末尾两句“Other countries are catching up.We can’t be satisfied with what we have achieved.”可知,Stephen Susalka对美国大学未来发展持担忧态度,所以选A项。
（E）
Teenage life is quite dramatic but that doesn’t mean you cannot enjoy your life in these years.Even with your daily troubles,your life is not very hard if you know how to deal with them.
I know exactly how you feel.Teenage life can be hard.You are not a kid anymore,because you are smart enough to observe and analyse your surroundings.However,you are still not an adult because there are still lots of experiences that you need to have and lessons that you need to learn from these experiences.To top it all,the hormonal(荷尔蒙的) imbalance in your body can really mess you up.I have been there.I was in it for six years exploring what life is about!
As a teenager,I had a major problem with completing my chores on time.And at that time,all that I needed to do was to finish my assignments,study for the upcoming tests and clean my room.Now,I have much more things to do:cooking,cleaning and working while striking a balance between all my relationships related to work,family and friends.That really is a lot of work.So,I will just give you one golden tip,quoting from Benjamin Franklin,“Never leave that till tomorrow which you can do today.”
Life becomes much easier now because I finish all my work on time and I have enough time to let my hair down.Half the problems of a teenager appear because we hate doing things.We’d rather go and have fun than sit down and take on our responsibilities.That is why you have so much trouble in your life;your parents won’t let you go out with friends because you haven’t cleaned your room or your teacher is always criticizing you because you haven’t finished your assignments.
1.What does the writer mainly want to tell us in Paragraph 1?
A.Teenage life is tough.
B.Teenagers can’t enjoy life.
C.Teenage life is changeable.
D.Teenagers should learn more.
2.What plays a key role in making teenage life hard according to the writer?
A.The adolescent changes.
B.The lack of life experience.
C.The failure of concentration.
D.The unfamiliar surroundings.
3.How did the writer feel about her teenage life?
A.It was difficult.
B.It was simple.
C.It was enjoyable.
D.It was boring.
4.What does the writer advise teenagers to do?
A.Abandon their friends.
B.Go and have fun.
C.Complete their homework.
D.Shoulder the burden.
参考答案：
1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Even with your daily troubles,your life is not very hard if you know how to deal with them.”可知,即使你有日常烦恼,如果你知道如何处理它们,你的生活也不会很难。由此可推知,第一段中作者传递的信息是青少年应该学习处理自己的日常烦恼,故选D项。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第五句“To top it all,the hormonal imbalance in your body can really mess you up.”可知,在所有的影响因素里面,最糟糕的是,身体里的荷尔蒙的不平衡会使青少年心情变差。由此可知,青春期的变化是让青少年的生活变得困难的关键因素,故选A项。
3.A　推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“As a teenager,I had a major problem with completing my chores on time.”以及第四段第一句中的“Life becomes much easier now”可知,作者的青少年生活也是困难的。
4.D　细节理解题。根据全文内容,尤其是第四段第三、四句“We’d rather go and have fun than sit down and take on our responsibilities...you haven’t finished your assignments.”可知,作者认为我们宁愿去尽情地玩,而不愿坐下来承担我们的责任。这就是生活中有这么多烦恼的原因,因为你没有打扫房间,你的父母就不让你和朋友出去玩;你没有完成任务,你的老师就会批评你。由此可推知,作者建议青少年承担自己的责任,这样生活就没有那么难了,故选D项。
（F）
It’s tough to see or hear of a friend in crisis.One idea to keep in mind is that it is healthy for the distressed person to feel what he or she feels in the moment.When a person in crisis feels understood,he or she feels less alone and connected to the person who understands.
A person,who experiences empathy(同理心)from a friend who can “go there” for a few minutes in order to authentically understand while still maintaining a strong and supportive attitude,may be relieved and healed.While a friend is telling you about the circumstance,the first and most important step is to listen for feelings,not ways to solve the problem.
For example,a friend is terribly upset because her husband is threatening to leave her.After fully honouring the feelings,it is important to ask the friend what would help.Maybe it is a good cry and some ice cream.Perhaps it’s a glass of wine and a walk.Everyone has different ways of dealing.Be respectful and ask the friend what she needs or wants,not what you prescribe.
Take a second example,saying a close friend is being misrepresented by other friends.The friends are gossiping about her.During a conversation with her,listen for feelings.Honour her hurt and shock.The same equation is useful with a partner.
Helping a friend or partner in crisis not only helps the person,but creates closeness and trust in the relationship,making opening up in the probable future.In addition,the person who is empathizing feels positive because he or she was able to help.When a person is truly able to comfort and reassure a loved one,he or she feels vital and useful,strengthening the relationship.
1.What should we do first when we know a friend is in crisis?
A.Keep away from him/her.
B.Buy him/her a glass of wine.
C.Understand how he/she feels.
D.Show him/her ways to solve the problem.
2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.A way to solve the crisis.
B.A way to relieve a bad mood.
C.A way to listen for feelings.
D.A way to honour the feelings.
3.How does the author prove his/her idea?
A.By listing data. B.By quoting sayings.
C.By giving examples. D.By conducting surveys.
4.What does the text mainly talk about?
A.How to keep a loved one.
B.How to make new friends.
C.How to work with your partner.
D.How to help a friend in trouble.
参考答案：
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While a friend is telling you about the circumstance,the first and most important step is to listen for feelings,not ways to solve the problem.(当朋友告诉你相关情况的时候,第一步也是最重要的一步是倾听感受,而不是解决问题的方法)”可知,当我们知道一个朋友处于危机中时,我们首先应该理解他或她的感受。故选C项。
2.B　词义猜测题。根据上文“After fully honouring the feelings,it is important to ask the friend what would help.(在充分尊重感情之后,重要的是问问朋友需要什么帮助)”以及下文“Maybe it is a good cry and some ice cream.Perhaps it’s a glass of wine and a walk.Everyone has different ways of dealing.(也许它是好好地哭一场和一些冰激凌,也许是一杯酒和散散步,每个人有不同的处理方法)”可推断,it指的是缓解坏心情的方法。故选B项。
3.C　推理判断题。文章一、二两段作者提出了自己的想法,理解和倾听处于危机中的朋友是困难的,重要的是倾听他或她的感觉,而不是给予解决问题的办法。根据第三段中的“For example,a friend is terribly upset...”和第四段中的“Take a second example”可知,作者接下来通过两个例子证明了这个想法。故选C项。
4.D　主旨大意题。纵观全文,第一段作者提出了文章的中心,由“It’s tough to see or hear of a friend in crisis.One idea to keep in mind is that it is healthy for the distressed person to feel what he or she feels in the moment.(理解或倾听处于危机中的朋友很难。要记住的一点是,对于痛苦的人来讲,感受此刻他或她的感受是有益的)”以及第二段中的“While a friend is telling you about the circumstance,the first and most important step is to listen for feelings,not ways to solve the problem.(当朋友告诉你情况的时候,第一步也是最重要的一步是倾听感受,而不是解决问题的方法)”可知,本文主要讲述如何帮助有困难的朋友。故选D项。
（G）
“You know,the soft subjects,” says the boy in maths,“the easy ones:the stupid girls at the bottom take them.Like dance.It shouldn’t even be a subject.” We’re choosing subjects for our A-level taster day at school.I see the raised eyebrows when I explain two of my GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) choices are dance and drama.
I was told by advisers that dance and drama wouldn’t help me to get a suitable career.My friends told me I’d get bored of dance and switch to science within the first month.
But taking GCSE dance was the best decision I ever made.Dance gives me something to pour my head and heart into.It gives me a feeling of belonging,creativity,security and freedom.
The education secretary Nicky Morgan has put emphasis on science,technology,engineering and maths (STEM),saying that students who focus on the arts risk their careers.Stopping young people from expressing themselves at such a young age is not doing them any favours.Perhaps Nicky Morgan has forgotten to open the door of having a drive to study that subject day in,day out.It shouldn’t matter what that subject is.
I don’t doubt the influence that STEM subjects can have on the people that love them.But to force children into one field is cruel.As much as I try,I’m not good at and don’t love physics,biology or maths.I don’t want a career in these areas.
There has been a decrease in the number of state schools offering arts subjects taught by specialist teachers.I can’t even imagine how it feels to be told that you don’t teach a “real subject” by an 8-year-old boy.
To the teachers,the parents,the government I say:Let children make their own decisions.Let them live in the present.Let them have a real,unlimited education.
1.How does the boy in maths feel about dance?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Useless. B.Difficult. C.Beautiful. D.Important.
2.After the author took GCSE dance,she 　　　. 
A.lost interest in it
B.kept her mind on it
C.turned to other subjects
D.struggled with her lessons
3.What do we know about Nicky Morgan?
A.She encourages students to learn soft subjects.
B.She suggests students take a risk in their careers.
C.She underlines the importance of STEM subjects.
D.She allows students to express themselves freely.
4.What’s the present situation of arts subjects?
A.They attract much attention worldwide.
B.They are taught by non-professionals.
C.They are considered less important.
D.They have made great progress.
参考答案：
1.A根据第一段中的“the easy ones:the stupid girls at the bottom take them.Like dance.It shouldn’t even be a subject.”可知,学数学的男孩认为舞蹈没有用处。
2.B根据第三段中的“Dance gives me something to pour my head and heart into.”可知,作者选择了舞蹈之后就全身心投入其中。
3.C　根据第四段中的“The education secretary Nicky Morgan has put emphasis on science,technology,engineering and maths (STEM)...”可知,Nicky Morgan强调理工学科的重要性。
4.C　根据倒数第二段中的“There has been a decrease in the number of state schools offering arts subjects taught by specialist teachers.”可知,艺术学科没有得到重视。
（H）
Children can spend hours a day looking at computer screens and other digital devices.Some eye doctors say this leads to an increase in “computer vision syndrome(电脑视力综合征)”.
Nathan Bonilla-Warford is an optometrist(验光师)in Tampa,Florida.He has seen an increase in problems in children.“A lot more children come into the office either because their parents have noticed that they have headaches or red or watery eyes or discomfort,or because their nearsightedness appears to be increasing and they’re worried,”he says.
Dr.Bonilla-Warford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults.“Even if their eyes start to feel uncomfortable or they start to get a headache,they’re less likely to tell their parents,because they don’t want to have the game or the computer or whatever taken away,”he explains.
He says another part of the problem is that people blink(眨眼) less often when they use digital devices.He says,“A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal.”
Eye doctors offer suggestions like the following which is known as the 20/20/20 rule.That means every twenty minutes looking away twenty feet or more for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you’re using.
Other suggestions include putting more distance between you and the device and using good lighting.Of course,another way is to spend less time looking at screens.Many experts say children should spend no more than two hours a day using digital devices—with no screen time for children under two.
But not all eye doctors have noticed an increase in problems in children.Dr.David Hunter,from Boston Children’s Hospital,has not seen an increase in his practice.“While it is possible to develop fatigue looking at screens for a long period of time,there’s certainly no proof that it actually causes any damage to the eyes,”he says.
1.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Dr.Bonilla-Warford thinks using computers causes nearsightedness.
B.People keep their eyes protected against drying by blinking normally.
C.Children under two can watch TV for less than two hours a day.
D.Dr.David Hunter says headaches cause an increase in eye problems.
2.The syndrome in children is more likely serious than in adults because 　　　. 
A.adults are cleverer than children
B.adults ignore taking care of children
C.children always overlook early warning signs
D.children always forget their parents’ words
3.What does the underlined word “fatigue” mean?
A.Interest.　　　B.Ability. C.Tiredness. D.Difficulty.
4.What can be the best title for the passage?
A.Looking at Screens:Two Hours or More
B.How Can Children Use Their Eyes Properly
C.Using Digital Devices:Advantages and Disadvantages
D.How Much Screen Time Is Proper for Children
参考答案：
1.B　根据第四段中的“A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life.And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal.”可知,一个使用电子设备的人眨眼的次数是我们日常生活中正常眨眼次数的三分之一,眨眼能够防止眼睛干燥,保护眼睛。故选B项。
2.C　根据第三段中的“Dr.Bonilla-Warford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults.”可知,验光师博尼拉·沃尔福德说儿童比成年人的电脑视力综合征情况严重是因为儿童往往比成年人更容易忽略其早期的症状。故选C项。
3.C　根据画线词后面的“looking at screens for a long period of time...the eyes”可知,长时间盯着屏幕看会造成视力疲劳,但是没有证据表明它会对眼睛造成损伤。fatigue意为“疲劳”。故选C项。
4.D　本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备,一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视力综合征”患者的数量。眼科医生推荐了20/20/20规则:每隔20分钟看20英尺外或更远的地方至少20秒钟。故选D项。
（I）
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
1. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
2. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
3. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
参考答案：
1：推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
2：推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
3：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
4：主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
（J）
Tommy, a 26-year-old chimp(猩猩),lives in a small cage in a used truck sales lot in New York. Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company — just a TV. He is worlds away from the rainforest of Western Africa, where chimps spend most of their lives in trees, hunting, and socializing together.
His owner hasn't broken any laws, but an animal rights group called the Nonhuman Rights Project (NhRP) is trying to change the view. The group says chimps have such a humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “legal persons" and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.
You've probably heard the term “animal rights”, but animals don't actually have rights in many countries. Animal-welfare laws punish people who mistreat animals, but that's not the same as chimps having a right to liberty or anything else.
NhRP's first step is to ask a judge to end people's unjust arrest on behalf of Tommy and other privately owned chimps. If the court decides to recognize chimps as legal persons, NhRP's next step will be arguing for what rights the chimps should be granted. "The right that we believe they should have most of all is the right to bodily liberty," says Wise, a NhRP group member. "They should be able to choose how to live their lives.”
Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy. "He likes being by himself," he says.
“There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people," says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. "If we' re really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might …say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’”
1．What can we know about Tommy?
A．He is living a very lonely life.
B．He dislikes living in the rainforest.
C．He likes watching movies very much,
D．He was illegally bought by Pat Lavery.
2．What can we infer from the text?
A．Great progress has been made on improving animal rights.
B．Pat Lavery is thought to mistreat Tommy by NhRP.
C．Animal rights are going from bad to worse.
D．Animal rights have been admitted in western countries.
3．What's the final goal NhRP wants to achieve?
A．To ensure chimps' bodily safety. B．To stop illegal hunting of chimps.
C．To help chimps find their families. D．To help chimps enjoy their freedom.
4．What's Richard Cupp's attitude towards NhRP's efforts to win rights for chimps?
A．Hopeful, B．Uncaring.
C．Worried. D．Supportive.
参考答案：
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Retired from movie work and whatever else once occupied him, he has no chimp friends to keep him company — just a TV.”（从电影和其他曾经占据他的工作中退休后，他没有黑猩猩朋友陪伴他——只有一台电视。）可知，汤米过着非常孤独的生活。故选A项。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Tommy's owner, Pat Lavery, says he rescued Tommy from a careless owner about a decade ago and denies the chimp is mistreated or unhappy.”（汤米的主人帕特·拉弗里(Pat Lavery)说，大约十年前他从一个粗心大意的主人手中救出了汤米，并否认这只黑猩猩受到了虐待或不开心。）可推断，NhRP认为帕特·拉弗里虐待汤米。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第二段“The group says chimps have such a humanlike intelligence that they should be recognized as “legal persons" and be placed in an animal shelter and wander free.”（该组织说，黑猩猩具有类似人类的智力，它们应该被认定为“法人”，并被安置在动物收容所，可以自由漫步。）根据倒数第三段“They should be able to choose how to live their lives”他们应该能够选择如何生活。可推断，NhRP的最终目标是帮助黑猩猩获得自由。故选D项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段““There's a danger in making a jump to say they're just like people," says Richard Cupp, a professor who writes about animals and the law. "If we' re really focused on chimps being very, very smart, then who knows if maybe someday we might …say, ‘Hey, here's a particular human being that's not very smart at all, maybe the chimps have higher status than this person.’””（“轻率地说它们和人类一样是有危险的，”研究动物和法律的教授理查德·卡普(Richard Cupp)说。“如果我们真的把注意力集中在非常非常聪明的黑猩猩身上，那么谁知道也许有一天我们会说，‘嘿，这有一个人一点也不聪明，也许黑猩猩的地位比这个人高。’”）可推断，Richard Cupp对NhRP为黑猩猩争取权利的努力持担忧的态度。故选C项。