中考英语语法复习——动词不定式 (to do结构) 知识点归纳及练习 (有答案)

这是一份中考英语语法复习——动词不定式 (to do结构) 知识点归纳及练习 (有答案)，共9页。试卷主要包含了动词不定式的概念，动词不定式的用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、动词不定式的概念
动词不定式 (t d) 是初中英语语法的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个考点。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。结构上动词不定式是由“t+动词原形”构成 (有些动词后可以接不带t的不定式)。动词不定式的否定形式是“nt+动词不定式”。
二、动词不定式的用法
动词不定式作为非谓语动词的一种，保留了原来动词的意思，形式上不能独立作谓语，但可以承担句子的其他成分。动词不定式 (短语) 具有名词、形容词和副词等词性的功能，可在句中作为以下几种句子成分使用：
（一）、不定式做主语：
置于句首，也可用it代替其做形式主语，动词不定式放在后面。
例：T finish the wrk in ten minutes is very hard.
= It is very hard t finish the wrk in ten minutes. （后面的不定式才是真正的主语）
It is dangerus t swim in the deep sea n yur wn.
▲初中英语常见句型: It's+ 形容词 + fr/f + sb. + t d sth. 做某事对于某人来说是……(怎么样的)
注意：此句型中的形容词用于描述fr的对象所做的不定式动作时，通常表示动作的特性、意义等，常用easy，difficult，imprtant，pssible，impssible，dangerus等词；而当形容词用于描述f的对象时，通常表示人的性格、品质等，常用kind，nice，gd，plite，clever，flish，right，wrng等词。
例：It’s imprtant fr us t learn English. (句中的imprtant是用来形容learn English这件事的意义)
It's very kind f him t give yu the invitatin. (句中的kind是用来形容him这个人的品质)
（二）、不定式做表语：
Her jb is t clean the hall.
What I wuld suggest is t put ff the meeting.
What he hped was t becme an astrnaut when he was a little by.
The best way is t jin an English club.
（三）、不定式做宾语：
例：wuld yu like t see my phts? Kevin planned t visit his uncle.
和plan用法一样的词还有：start，want，agree，hpe，begin，decide, expect, advise等。
▲在find、think、feel等词后作宾语时，常用it代替，动词不定式放在后面。
I fund it very difficult t get a jb. (it为形式宾语)
注意：当两个或多个动词不定式并列时，第一个动词不定式加t，后面的动词不定式省略t。
例：I want t visit him and ask fr sme help.
（四）、不定式做宾语补足语：
(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带t。
例：I asked a friend t read it t me.
(2)在表示感觉、使/让……等意义的动词(see，watch，hear，feel，ntice，bserve，make，let，have，help等)后不带t。但注意变被动语态时要还原t
例：They heard him sing a pp sng in the meeting rm.
My friend were made t wrk the whle night. （被动语态）
（五）、不定式做定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面，即后置定语。
例：There is nthing t wrry abut.
Vinny is the first disabled persn t sail arund the wrld.
（六）、不定式做状语：表示目的、原因、结果等。
例：They brught in phts f their families fr me t lk at.（目的）
We are very glad t meet yu again.（原因）
The plicemen searched the huse nly t find nthing.（结果）
（七）、“ 疑问词+不定式 ”用法：不定式前可带what，wh，which，where，when，hw等疑问词，这种不定式结构相当于名词性短语，可在句中做主语、宾语或表语。
例：What t d next is still a questin fr me. （做主语）
He didn't tell me where t g. （做宾语）
The prblem is where t find him. （作表语）
（八）、“ t be + 过去分词 ” 用：表达不定式的被动语态意义。
例：There are twenty mre trees t be planted.
（九）、插入性独立成分：
这种不定式独立与句子之外，与主句隔开，放在句首，表示说话者的态度、评讲、语气等,如t be hnest、t begin with、t be sure、t tell yu the truth、t be truthful、t be brief等。
例：T begin with, it’s dark utside. And besides, we dn’t have a car.
T tell yu the truth, we dn’t want t truble yu.
（十）、动词不定式的其他搭配用法：
1)、t +adj.+ t d太……而不能……He is t yung t g t schl.
2)、adj./ adv. +enugh t d 足够……做……He is nt enugh t g t schl.
3)、wuld rather(nt) d than d 比起做……,更愿意做…… （省略t的不定式）
We wuld rather g t the beach than stay at hme.
动词不定式专项练习：
分类练习：
（一）不定式作宾语
1. We agreed ____ here but s far he hasn’t turned up yet.
A. having met B. meeting C. t meet D. t have met
2. I wuld lve ____ t the party last night, but I had t wrk extra hurs t finish a reprt.
A. t g B. t have gne C. ging D. have gne
3. --- The light in the ffice is still n.
--- Oh, I frgt _____.
A. turning it ff B. turn it ff C. t turn it ff D. having turned it ff
（二）不定式作宾补
1.Mrs. Smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking.
A. never t drive B. t never drive C. never driving D. never drive
2.They knew her very well. They had seen her ____ up frm childhd.
A. grw B. grew C. was grwing D. t grw
3.As yu’ve never been there befre, I’ll have smene ____ yu the way.
A. t shw B. shw C. shwing D. shwed
（三）不定式作定语
1. We are having a meeting in half an hur. The decisin ______ at the meeting will influence the future f ur cmpany.
A. t be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
2. His first bk ______ next mnth is based n a true stry.
A. published B. t be published C. t publish D. being published
3. That is the nly way we can imagine ______ the veruse f water in students’ bathrms.
A. reducing B. t reduce C. reduced D. reduce
(四) “疑问词+不定式”
1.I’ve wrked with children befre, s I knw what ____ in my new jb.
A. expected B. t expect C. t be expecting D. expects
2.Last summer I tk a curse n ______.
A. hw t make dresses B. hw dresses be made
C. hw t be made dresses D. hw dresses t be made
3.There’re s many kinds f tape-recrders n sale that I can’t make up my mind ____ t buy.
A. what B. which C. hw D. where
4. The mther didn’t knw _____ t blame fr the brken glass as it happened while she was ut.
A. wh B. when C. hw D. what
5. It is said in Australia there is mre land than the gvernment knws _______.
A. it what t d with B. what t d it with C. what t d with it D. t d what with it
(五) 不定式作状语
1.____ late in the mrning, Bb turned ff the alarm.
A. T sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept
2. She reached the tp f the hill and stpped ____ n a big rck by the side f the path.
A. t have rested B. resting C. t rest D. rest
3. In rder t imprve English, ______.
A. Jenny’s father bught her a lt f tapes
B. Jenny bught a lt f tapes.
C. a lt f tapes were bught by Jenny.
D. a lt f tapes were bught by Jenny’s father.
4. Tm asked the candy makers if they culd make the chclate easier ______ int small pieces.
A. break B. breaking C. brken D. t break
(六) 不定式的被动
1.D let yur mther knw all the truth. She appears _____ everything.
A. t tell B. t be tld C. t be telling D. t have been tld
2.Little Jim shuld lve ____ t the theatre this evening. (1992)
A. t be taken B. t take C. being taken D. taking
3.This page needs _____ again. (1993上海)
A. being checked B. checked C. t check D. t be checked
(七) 不定式的否定
1.The patient was warned ____ ily fd after the peratin.
A. t eat nt B. eating nt C. nt t eat D. nt eating
2.Tm kept quiet abut the accident _____ lse his jb.
A. s nt as t B. s as nt t C. s as t nt D. nt s as t
3.She pretended ____ me when I passed by.
A. nt t see B. nt seeing C. t nt see D. having nt seen
(八) 不定式的省略
1. The by wanted t ride his bicycle in the street, but his mther tld him ____.
A. nt t B. nt t d C. nt d it D. d nt t
2.--- I will be away n a business trip. Wuld yu mind lking after my cat?
--- Nt at all. _____.
A. I’ve n time B. I’d rather nt C. I’d like it D. I’d be happy t
3 ---I usually g there by train.
---Why nt ____ by bat fr a change?
A. try ging B. trying t g C. t try and g D. trying ging
4.Rather than ____ n a crwded but, he always prefers ____ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; t ride D. t ride; riding
综合练习：
一、单项选择。
1. AIDS is said ____ the biggest health challenge t bth men and wmen in that area ver the past years.
A. that it is B. t be C. that it has been D. t have been
2. After he became cnscius, he remembered ____ and ____ n the head with a rd.
A. t attack, hit B. t be attacked; t be hit
C. attacking; be hit D. having been attacked; hit
3. It tk a lng time fr the cnnectin between bdy temperature and illness ____.
A. t make B. t be made C. making D. being made
4. It remains ____ whether Jim’ll be fit enugh t play in the finals.
A. seen B. t be seen C. seeing D. t see
5. The Chinese are prud f the 29th Olympic Games ____ successfully in Beijing.
A. hld B. hlding C. held D. t be held
6. _____ this cake, yu’ll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flur.
A. Having made B. Make C. Making D. T make
7. Energy drinks are nt allwed _____ in Australia but are brught in frm New Zealand.
A. t make B. t be made C. t have been made D. t be making
8. The mther felt herself _____ cld and her hands trembled (颤抖) when she read the letter frm the battlefield (战场).
A. turn B. turned C. t turn D. t have turned
9. Mr. Green std up in defense f the 16-year-ld by, saying that he was nt the ne _______.
A. blamed B. blaming C. t blame D. t be blamed
10. When asked by the plice, he said that he remembered _____ at the party, but nt_____.
A. t arrive; leaving B. t arrive; t leave
C. arriving; leaving D. arriving; t leave
11. I dn’t want _____ like I’m speaking ill f anybdy, but the manager’s plan is unfair.
A. t sund B. t be sunded C. sunding D. t have sunded
12. It was unbelievable that the fans waited utside fr three hurs just _____ a lk at the sprts stars.
A. had B. having C. t have D. have
13. ---Can the prject be finished as planned?
---Sure, _____ it cmpleted in time, we’ll wrk tw mre hurs a day.
A. having gt B. t get C. getting D. get
14. _____ mre abut university curses, call (010)746-3789.
A. T find ut B. Finding ut C. Find ut D. Having fund ut
15. ---Is Bb still perfrming?
--- I’m afraid nt. He is said _____ the stage already as he has becme an fficial.
A. t have left B. t leave C. t have been left D. t be left
16. My advisr encuraged ____ a summer curse t imprve my writing skills.
A. fr me taking B. me taking C. fr me t take D. me t take
17.The flu is believed ______ by viruses that like t reprduce in the cells inside the human nse and thrat.
A. causing B. being caused C. t be caused D. t have caused
18.If yu are planning t spend yur mney having fun this week, better ____ it fr yu’ve gt sme big bills(账单) cming.
A. frget B. frgt C. frgetting D. t frget
19. The news reprters hurried t the airprt, nly ____ the film stars had left.
A. t tell B. t be tld C. telling D. tld
20. Yu were silly nt _____ yur car.
A. t lck B. t have lcked C. lcking D. having lcked
21. I dn’t knw whether yu happen _____, but I’m ging t study in the USA this September.
A. t be heard B. t be hearing C. t hear D. t have heard
22. Helen had t shut _____ abve the sund f the music.
A. making herself hear B. t make herself hear
C. making herself heard D. t make herself heard
23. The man we fllwed suddenly stpped and lked as if _____ whether he was ging in the right directin.
A. seeing B. having seen C. t have seen D. t see
24. At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their teenage children.
A. talk B. talkedC. talking D. t talk
25. With a lt f difficult prblems ______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. t settle D. being settled
二、用动词的正确形式填空。
1.Lk! The tw bys seem ______________(fight) with each ther.We shuld g t pull them apart.
2.The bk is said t ________________(translate) int English.
3.Listen! He seems _______________(cry).
4.He happened _____________(repair) his car when I gt t his huse.
5.His suit has becme lse. He seems _______________( lse) weight.
6.I am srry _________________(give) yu s much truble.
7.The ld lady was sent t hspital ________________( have) a physical examinatin.
8.He gt t the statin nly _____________(find) the train had gne.
9.D yu knw what ________________(d) next?
10.He is cnsidered ________________(invent) the first cmputer.
11.When he gt ff the train, it happened t ________________(rain).
12.Here we fund little snw, as mst f it seemed __________________(blw) ff the muntain.
13.Sally is said __________________(wrk) in a freign cmpany, but I have n idea which ne she wrked in.
14.The prblem ________________(discuss) tmrrw is very imprtant.
15.I advise him ________________(read) sme English nvels.
16.My mther didn’t _________________(allw) me t travel abrad alne.
17.He _________________ (prmise) me never t tell a lie again.
18.He ______________(ffer) t drive me hme, but I refused.
19.We ______________(wish) each ther the best luck t pass the exam.
20.The wnderful time they had been lking frward t_________ (cme) at last.
21.I dn’t knw the restaurant, but it’s ______(say) t be a gd ne.
22.The dctr did what he culd _______________(save) the ld man.
23.The yung lady was devted t _____________(take ) care f her sick mther.
24.I used t ____________(get) up late, but nw I am used t ___(get) up early.
25.______________________(imprve) English, yu must practise as much as pssible.
参考答案：
一. 分类练习：
(一) 不定式作宾语 1—3 C B C
(二) 不定式作宾补 1—3 A A B
(三) 不定式作定语 1—3 A B B
(四) “疑问词+不定式” 1—5 B A B A C
(五) 不定式作状语 1—4 A C B D
(六) 不定式的被动 1—3 D A D
(七) 不定式的否定 1—3 C B A
(八) 不定式的省略 1—4 A D A C
二. 综合练习
单项选择
1—5 DDBBD 6—10 DBACC 11—15 ACBAA 16—20 DCABB 21—25 DDDDC
用动词的正确形式填空
1. t be fighting 2. have been translated 3. t be crying 4. t be repairing 5. t have lst
6. t have given 7. t have 8. t find 9. t d 10. t have invented
11. be raining 12. t have been blwn 13. t have wrked 14. t be discussed 15. t read
16. allw 17. prmised 18. ffered 19. wished 20. came
21. said 22. t save 23. taking 24. get; getting 25. T imprve