人教新目标(Go for it)版英语八年级下册 Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum 现在完成时的用法; 现在完成时与过去式的辨析(课件)
展开现在完成时与过去时The Present Perfect Tens and Past Tense 一、现在完成时:1 构成:助动词have /has +动词 ________2 定义:(1)表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与 already,just,yet ,before,ever,recently,twice,three times 等连用。(2)表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态,常与for ,since ,in the past/last few years, so far等连用。如: Have you ever been to the Great Wall before ?She has practiced the piano for two hours.过去分词(Past Participle)3 Since 的用法:(1) since + 过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、ago. 1990 , last month , half past six 从1990起,我一直在这儿。(2) since+ 一段时间+ago 自从五个月前,我已经在这儿了。(3) since+从句 (过去时态) 自从你走后,已经发生了很大的变化。(4) It is +一段时间+since从句(过去时态) 我成为英语老师有两年了。I have been here since 1990. I have been here since five months ago。Changes have taken place since you left.It is two years since I became an English teacher.Since 和for区别:(1) Since +时间点,具体时间“自从、、、、以来,从、、、以后” 用来说明动作起始时间(2) For + 时间段,用来说明动作延续时间长度,因此句中的谓语动词,也应该是延续性动词。I have been in Beijing since 2010. I Beijing for one year。We English for about three years. I here for 3 days. have been in have learnt have been4. 延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时第二种用法中,某个动作从过去一直持续到现在,需要用延续性动词。此时,非延续性动词不可与段时间连用,但与之相对应的状态性动词可以与表示段时间的状语连用。1、借:borrow—keep 这本书我借了两天了。 2、买: buy—have 这辆自行车买了有半年了。 3、离开:leave—be away 他自从去年就离开这儿了。 I have kept the book for two days. He has had this bike for half a year.He has been away here since last year.4、死:die—be dead 他爷爷去逝两年了。 5、来:come (to)—be (in/at) (1) 他来这儿五天了。 (2)他来北京五天了。6、到(指“到达):arrive/reach—be (in/at) (1) (2)7、开始:begin/start—be on Be on本身的意思是“在进行”,所以具有延续性。 会议已经开始半个小时了。 His grandpa has been dead for two years.He has been here for 5 days.He has been in Beijing for 5 days. He has been here for ten minutes. He has been in Chengdu for two days. The meeting has been on for thirty minutes.8、加入:join/take part in—be in Join是加入某个组织、人群,take part in 是参加某个活动,都不具有延续性,但 be in表示“是在某人组织或活动中”,自然就有延续性。 他爸爸自从20年前就入党了。 9、患感冒:catch a cold—have a cold Catch本身的意思是抓住,不能延续,但have表示“有”,能延续。 我自从上周五就感冒了。 10、打开:open—be open Open这个词可以作动词,表示“打开”,但也可以作形容词,意思是“开着的”,因此,be open表示“是开着的”,具有延续性。 这家商店自从8点钟就开门了。 His father has been in the Party since twenty years ago. I have had a cold since last Friday. The shop has been open since 8:00. 11、关上:close—be closed Closed是形容词,意思是“关着的”,所以be closed意思是“是关着的”,当然就具有延续性了。 这家商店自从上个月就关门了。12、担心:worry—be worried Worry是动词,意思是“担心”,但worried可以用形容词是,意思是“担心的”。 从那以后,她就一直担心她的儿子。 13、回来:come back/go back/return—be back Come back是“回来”,go back是“回去”,return是“回(来,去)”,都不具有延续性,但be back中的be是表状态,所以就具有延续性。 他已经回来两天了。 . The store has been closed since last month. She has been worried about her son since then.He has been back for two days14、结婚:marry/get married—be married (to)Marry是及物动词,意思是“和……结婚”,married是“结了婚的,已婚的”,是一个形容词,但get married中的get却是一个瞬间性动词。(1)他和玛丽结婚两年了。 15、睡着:fall asleep—be asleepFall asleep中的fall本意是“落下”,是马上发生也马上结束的动作,不具有延续性。宝宝自从八点钟就睡着了。瞬间动词(变)延续动词:借 买 开 死 来 到, 开 始 加 入 患 感 冒,打 开关上又担 心 ,回 来 结 婚 睡 着 了。He has been married to Mary for two years.The baby has been asleep since 8:00. 5、三句型的区别have/ has been to 某人去过某地He Beijing twice. have/has gone to某人去了某地 He isn't here. He Beijing.have/has been in 某人呆在某地He Beijing for 5 years. has been to has gone tohas been in 二、现在完成时与过去时的辨析现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:相同点:不同点:现在完成:时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或持续到现在,与现在有关。一般过去:时只说明动作发生在过去,与现在无关。现在完成时与一般过去时的动作都发生在过去。(与现在的关系)The boy has climbed the mountain twice. (强调对现在的影响,这个男孩对这座山有一定了解。)The boy climbed the mountain . (只说明这男孩原来爬过这座山。)练习巩固:一、单项选择:1、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written 2、His father ______ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 3、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes . A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began4、 It _____ ten years since he left the army . A. is B. has C. will D. was 5、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years . A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been DDCAA二、句型转换 1、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) ___________________________________________ 2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here? 3、The old man _________ last year. He _________ for a year . (die) (动词填空) 4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory ________________ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao ______ _______ _________ __________ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句) Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . The bus has been here for ten minutes. How long diedhas been dead has been open has been away sincejoinedago 总结回顾:二、现在完成时与过去时的辨析一、现在完成时的用法Thanks for listening