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U1下 教案 核心知识点梳理（教师版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年）
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这是一份U1下 教案 核心知识点梳理（教师版） 高中英语新牛津译林版必修第三册 （2022年），共13页。教案主要包含了进门测试，多元导学，互动精讲，知识梳理1，跟踪典例，巩固练习，知识梳理2，句式分析等内容，欢迎下载使用。
授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握第一单元核心语法专题省略；
2. 掌握第一单元Extended Reading部分核心词汇，并学会灵活应用。
教学内容
【进门测试】
建议5min
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The phrase "One Persn Can Make a Difference" is ne f thse sayings that great imprtance___36___（attach）t when we teach yungsters—t encurage them t d smething___37___（significance）, t help anther persn, r t dream big abut___38___they will change the wrld.
As adults, d we really believe this? I am writing t tell yu that indeed "ne persn can",___39___I knw ne persn did an act f kindness___40___changed my life and the lives f millins mre.
Almst 15 years ag while driving acrss twn, I was listening t a radi interview and heard an inspiring stry f ___41___（generus）. A wman had carried in ten winter cats thrugh the Thanksgiving weekend crwds n mass transprtatin___42___（dnate）them at the One Warm Cat drive. She knew the city had many peple in need.
She was nly ne persn, yet it was her actin that made me realize that mre peple___43___be able t dnate if there were mre drp-ff lcatins. Nw, nearly 15 years later, One Warm Cat___44___（inspire）the dnatin f ver 4 millin cats acrss the cuntry. As the Natinal Funder, I feel warm, knwing that we each are capable____45____making a real difference in the lives f thusands each Fall and Winter.
S when yu wnder "will it really matter?", I can tell yu that it will!
【答案】36. is attached 37. significant 38. hw 39. because 40. that/which
41. genersity 42. t dnate 43. wuld 44. has inspired 45. f
【多元导学】
建议10min
Brevity is the sul f wit.
简洁是智慧的灵魂。
—William Shakespeare(Hamlet)
观察以下句子，说一说括号里的部分是否可以省略？为什么？
1.-- Hw is yur mther tday?
-- (She is ) Much better.
2.(Is there) Anything wrng?
3.—What d yu think made Mary s upset?
Lsing her bicycle (made Mary s upset)
4. (Yu) Open the dr, please.
(Yu’d) Better take an umbrella.
5.She asked me t dance with her, but I didn’t want t (dance with her).
6. I really didn’t want t g there with him, but I had t (g there with him).
7. —Aren’t yu the manager？
—N,and I dn’t want be ( the manager ).
教学建议：通过解读莎士比亚的名言以及对于以上句子的观察和分析，引出本节课的语法专题—省略。
【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】语法之省略句
省略句
省略句的定义：为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一. 状语从句中的省略
1. 在when, while, if, as if, thugh, althugh, as, until, nce, whether, unless等连接的状语从句中，若从句中的主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。当从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
= 1 \* GB3 ①She fell asleep while (he was) ding his hmewrk.
他在做作业时睡着了。
= 2 \* GB3 ②Often she wuld weep when (she was) alne.
她一个人时，常常哭泣。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If (it is) pssible, I'll g uting.
如果可能的话，我将去郊游。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①While ___________(cycle), dn't frget the traffic lights.
骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He pened his muth as if ___________(say) smething.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If ___________(leave) untreated, the cnditin may becme chrnic.
如果得不到治疗，此病可能会转成慢性。
【答案】
① cycling ② t say = 3 \* GB3 ③left
注意：有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any, if necessary, if pssible, if nt, if s：
= 1 \* GB3 ①There are few, if any, mistakes in that bk.
那本书就是有错误也不多。
= 2 \* GB3 ②If necessary, ring me at hme.
如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If pssible, I wish t g there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。
= 4 \* GB3 ④He may be busy. If s, I’ll call later. If nt, can I see him nw?
他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?
2. 在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
= 1 \* GB3 ①I knw yu better than (I knw) him.
我了解你胜过了解他。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He runs as fast as Bb (runs)．
他跑得和鲍勃一样快。
二．定语从句和宾语从句中的省略
1．定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whm, which, that可省略(但whm, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The man (wh/whm/that) yu want t meet has cme.
你要见的人来了。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
D yu knw the way (that/in which) wrk is measured?
你知道衡量工作的方式吗？
2．宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
= 1 \* GB3 ①I believe (that) beauty cmes frm within.
我相信美丽来自内心。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when, where, hw和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She wants t learn English well, yet she desn't knw hw (she can learn it well)．
她想学好英语，但她不知道怎样才能学好。
【跟踪典例】把句中可以省略的部分用横线标出来
①Amng the many dangers which sailrs have t face, prbably the greatest f all is fg.
②Please send us all the infrmatin that yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.
③Jerry did nt regret giving the cmment but felt that he culd have expressed it differently.
④She didn't g t schl yesterday. I dn't knw why she didn't g t schl yesterday.
【答案】
①Amng the many dangers which sailrs have t face, prbably the greatest f all is fg.
②Please send us all the infrmatin that yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.
③Jerry did nt regret giving the cmment but felt that he culd have expressed it differently.
④She didn't g t schl yesterday. I dn't knw why she didn't g t schl yesterday.
三. 动词不定式的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxius, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，t后的内容常省略。
Yu can't frce him t answer the questin if he's nt ready t (answer the questin)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．某些使役动词如：make, let, have等和感官动词如：see, watch, ntice, bserve, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略t，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则t不省略。
We ften hear her sing an English sng in the classrm.
→She is ften heard t sing an English sng in the classrm.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室里唱英语歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号t。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略t。
= 1 \* GB3 ①He likes t swim mre than (t) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He believes it imprtant t study rather than t play cmputer games.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是玩电脑游戏。
4．当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, affrd, expect, frget, hpe, knw, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, wuld like等。
I asked him t see the film, but he didn't want t (see the film)．
我请他看电影，但是他不想去。
5．介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词d的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带t。
All he culd d was nthing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
6．当不定式在be ging t, be able t, have t, ught t, used t后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They dn't g shpping as much as they used t (g shpping)．
他们不像过去那样经常去购物了。
注意：(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，t后要保留原形的have或be。
(2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语be ging t, be abut t, be suppsed t, have t, used t及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
= 1 \* GB3 ①He didn't cme, but he ught t have (cme)．
他没来，但他应该来。
= 2 \* GB3 ②—Are yu a farmer?
—N, but I used t be (a farmer)．
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
【跟踪典例】单句改错
①There were s many cars held up by the heavy rain n the rad that we had n alternative but wait.
②We can d nthing but t give up.
③He was nticed leave the ffice.
④The city nw is much nisier than it used t.
⑤My mther wuldn't let me t g t see the film.
【答案】
①but后加t ②去掉t ③nticed后加t ④t后加be ⑤去掉第一个t
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Once __________ (addict) t nline games, teenagers are harmed bth physically and mentally.
2. __________ (cncern) abut the student, the teacher called his parents t find ut why he was s ften ab-sent frm class.
3. A vaccine can't be put nt the market unless __________ (test) n a large scale.
4. Film has a much shrter histry, especially when __________ (cmpare) t such art frms as music and painting.
5. When __________ (publish), the nvel will becme ne f the best sellers f the year.
6. Xiaming must have been playing ftball at that time, and his sister __________ (play) the pian.
7.Sme pisnus mushrms, if __________ (cnsume) mistakenly, can be deadly.
8. At the age f twenty he left his hmetwn, __________ (determine) nt t return withut achieving his gal.
9. She wndered why he didn't d it as __________ (require).
10. It is a difficult skill t master, but nce __________ (btain), it will benefit yu fr the rest f yur life.
11. In the film, the actr threw himself ff the hrse as if __________ (sht) t death.
12. Water in many places is nt safe t drink unless ___________ (bil) .
13. When __________ (expse) t danger and cnflict, men tend t increase bld pressure, feeling nervus r anxius.
14. When __________ (ask) later what the call was abut, yur friend always answers, "Oh, nthing really.”
15. If __________ (cnvenience) I will visit yu this weekend.
1.【答案】addicted
【解析】句意：青少年一旦沉迷于网络游戏，身心都会受到伤害。分析句子结构可知，设空处所给单词addict的逻辑主语是teenagers，且与其是被动关系，应该填过去分词形式，构成“Once+过去分词”结构作状语。Once addicted实际上是省略了they are的条件状语从句。由于主句和从句主语一致，且从句中有动词be，故可省略从句中的主语和be动词，故填addicted。
2.【答案】Cncerned
【解析】句意：出于对那个学生的关心，老师打电话给他的父母，问他为什么经常缺课。短语be cncerned abut意思是"担心……"，分析句子可知，本句是原因状语从句的省略，原句是Because he was cncerned abut the student...，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句省略了引导词、主语和系动词was，句首单词大写首字母，故填Cncerned。
3.【答案】tested
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除非大规模试验，否则疫苗无法投入市场。分析句子可知，本句考查unless引导的条件状语从句的省略，原从句是“unless it is tested n a large scale.”，从句的主语it代指的是主句主语A vaccine，故可以将it省略，谓语动词使用的是被动语态，把be动词省略，直接使用过去分词做状语，即“unless tested n a large scale”，故填tested。
4.【答案】cmpared
【解析】句意：电影的历史要短得多，尤其是当它和像音乐与绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。所给动词cmpare与其逻辑主语film之间是动宾关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态。句中从句的完整形式为when film is cmpared t such art frms as music and painting. 主从句主语一致时，when引导的从句可省略主语+be动词。故填cmpared。
5.【答案】published
【解析】句中will becme作谓语，空格处用非谓语形式，the nvel与publish之间为被动关系，分析句意可知，此处可以用when引导的时间状语从句，根据主将从现原则，此处可以理解为用一般现在时的被动语态，(it is) published，主句主语 the nvel 和从句主语相同，可以省略主语和be动词；也可以理解为用过去分词形式作状语。故填published。
6.【答案】playing
【解析】and前后句子时态一致，由前面的have been playing ftball可知，and后的句子时态也应该为现在完成进行时，主语his sister是单数，因此空格处为has been playing，为了避免重复，省略have been，因此空格处为playing，故填playing。
7.【答案】cnsumed
【解析】句意：一些有毒的蘑菇，如果误食，可能会致命。考查从句的省略句式，if引导的条件状语从句，当其主语与主句一致，谓语动词含有be动词时，可将主语和be动词省略；动词cnsume的逻辑主语是mushrms，构成被动的关系，因此使用被动语态be dne形式，把主语和be动词省略，故填cnsumed。
8.【答案】determined
【解析】句意：二十岁时他离开了家乡，决心不达目的就不回去。be determined t d sth.决心做某事，固定搭配，因为空处主语和主句主语一致，所以此处省略了主语he和be动词，所以空处需用determined作状语。故填determined。
9.【答案】required
【解析】句意：她不明白他为什么没有按要求做。require动词，要求，与主语“he”之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，由be动词+动词过去分词构成；句中as引导方式状语从句，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，从句可以将主语和be动词省略。故填required。
10.【答案】btained
【解析】句意：这是一项很难掌握的技术/技巧，但一旦掌握，你将受益一生。分析句子成分可知，设空处相当于一个条件状语从句“nce it is btained”，且与主句主语it一致，从句谓语有be，可以省略，设空处直接填btained。故填btained。
11.【答案】sht
【解析】句意：在这部电影中，那个演员从马上摔了下来，仿佛被枪杀了。在英语中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when, while, thugh, if, unless, althugh, as if 等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。故此处原句为as if the actr was sht t death变为as if sht t death。故填sht。
12.【答案】biled
【解析】句意：许多地方水不煮沸就不能安全饮用。unless引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，此处省略了主语+be动词is。bil煮沸，与主语"water"是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，构成unless the water is biled，将unless从句中主语和be动词省略后为biled。故填biled。
13.【答案】expsed
【解析】分析句子结构可知，when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，可省略主语和be动词，完整表达为When they are expsed t danger and cnflict...，expse与逻辑主语men是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填expsed。
14.【答案】asked
【解析】句意：之后，当被问及电话是关于什么的时候，你的朋友总是回答：“哦，没什么。”分析句子结构可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略，当主从句主语一致时，省略从句主语，由于逻辑主语yur friend和ask之间是被动关系，直接省去be动词，要用过去分词作状语，故填asked。
15.【答案】cnvenient
【解析】句意：如果方便的话，我这个周末去拜访你。分析句子结构可知，If ______ (cnvenience)是省略句，完整句子应改为If it is cnvenient，同时省略了主语和be动词，此处应用cnvenient，“方便的”，形容词，故填cnvenient。
【知识梳理2】Extended Reading核心词汇
1. chief leader/ captain n.首领 majr/leading/ primary adj. 主要的；首要的 chiefly adv. 主要地；首先
原文：…Julie Archer, chief f the Nrgate Envirnmental Prtectin Cmmittee. …诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉 · 阿彻。(教材P11)
◆ n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的
(1)the chief cause/prblem/reasn 主要原因/问题/理由
the Chief Educatin Officer 首席教育官
the chief financial fficer f the cmpany 公司的首席财务
in chief 主要地，尤其；在首席地位
(2) army/industry/plice chiefs 部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长
①Unemplyment was the chief cause f pverty.
失业是贫穷的主要原因。
②Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City.
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①Financial stress is well established as ____________________ fr divrce.
经济压力被充分证实为导致离婚的一个首要因素。
②He is the cmpany's _____________________.
他是这个公司的首席财务官。
【答案】
① a chief reasn ② chief financial fficer
2. get rid f
原文：… it’s als given me a cugh that I can’t get rid f.. 这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。(教材P11)
◆摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
rid … f … 除去，摆脱
be rid f 除去;摆脱;得到解脱
rid neself f 摆脱；从…中解脱
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①She wanted t __________________ her parents and their authrity.
她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。
②Try and ___________________ yur visitrs befre I get there.
在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。
= 3 \* GB3 ③He wanted t ___________________ the burden f the secret.
他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。
【答案】
① be rid f ② get rid f ③ rid himself f
3. prtest prtestant adj. 抗议的；持异议的n. 抗议者；持异议者；
原文：Mr Smith prtested against heavy industry. 史密斯先生反对重工业。(教材P11)
◆vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对
(1) prtest abut/against/at sth 反对；抗议
prtest sth 坚决地表示；申辩
(2) under prtest 无奈地；不服气地；不甘心地
in prtest以示抗议
raised a strm f prtest引起了一场抗议风潮
withut prtest心甘情愿地；不反对地
①Students tk t the streets t prtest against the decisin.
学生们走上街头，抗议这项决定
②She has always prtested her inncence .
她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。
③The building wrk will g ahead, despite prtests frm lcal residents.
尽管当地居民反对，建筑工程将照样进行。
【跟踪典例】
①The directr resigned ________________ at the decisin.
主任辞职以示抗议这项决定。
②She accepted the charge _________________.
她一声未吭地接受了指控。
③The campaign prvided a channel fr ________________ the war.
这场运动是反对战争的一种方式。
【答案】1.in prtest 2. withut prtest 3. prtest against
4. ecnmic ecnmical adj.经济的；节约的；合算的 ecnmy n. 经济；节约；理财 ecnmist n.经济学者
原文：I’d als like t draw yur attentin t the ecnmic benefits factries have brught t Nrgate. 我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。(教材P12)
◆adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
(1)ecnmic grwth/cperatin/develpment/refrm 经济增长/合作/发展/改革
(2)an ecnmical car节油型汽车
an ecnmical use f space 节约利用空间
(3) a market ecnmy市场经济
ecnmy class经济舱
【跟踪典例】
①Many peple are suffering _____________________.
很多人正遭受着经济困难。
②Last time yu tld me that yu wanted _____________________ packaging.
上次你跟我说要最经济的包装。
【答案】①ecnmic hardship②the mst ecnmical
5. 表语前置倒装
原文：Jining us in the studi tnight are James Smith, a lcal resident; Vincent Brwn,…今晚来到我们直播间的有本地居民詹姆斯 · 史密斯、文森特 · 布朗…(教材P11)
【句式分析】
这是一个完全倒装句。主语是 James Smith, a lcal resident; Vincent Brw… , are 是系动词, Jining us 是表语。为了保持句子结构平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首，引起倒装。表语前置有以下几种形式：
①形容词做表语前置
Present at the meeting were Prfessr Smith and his students.
②分词作表语前置
Gne are the days when we had t be in the mercy f weather.
③介词短语做表语前置
On the secnd flr is a big cinema.
【跟踪典例】
1. ______________ tday is Tm
Tm今天没开上学
2. ______________ was a wallet.
地上躺了一个钱包。
3. Attached t the envelp was _______________ .
信封上贴着一张漂亮的邮票。
【答案】1. Absent frm class 2. Lying n the grund 3. a beautiful stamp
【巩固练习】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 单词拼写
1. Lcal r__________ grups have united in ppsitin t the plan.
2. The mvie was sht e__________ n lcatin in Italy.
3. The annuncement unleashed a strm f p__________ frm the public
4. Mst cmpanies these days are just ut t make a quick p__________.
5. The nly questin is hw fast the p__________ will be
6. Each schl sets its wn admissins p__________.
7. Our New Yrk __________ (分部) is dealing with the matter.
8. Skimming is a kind f reading __________ (策略).
9. Envirnment experts urge peple t reuse and __________ (回收利用) plastic bags.
10. They envisin an equal sciety, free f __________ (贫困) and disease.
11. One __________ (后果) f glbal warming is extinctin.
12. Fr __________ (更多的) details call this number.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. Mst peple have sme regret that they just can't seem t get rid ____________.
2. What pints can be raised in defence ____________ this argument?
3. The cuntry has made enrmus strides ____________ (plitical) but nt ecnmically.
4. The cllege is nt an ____________ (fficial) recgnized English language schl.
5. A lt f ____________ (pisn) waste water cmes frm that chemical factry.
6. ____________ a cnsequence, we have truly entered the Pst-Industrial ecnmy.
7. These are the cells thught t give rise ____________ tumrs.
8. Present at the meeting ____________ (be) sme scientists frm China.
答案：
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. resident 2. entirely 3.prtest 4. prfit 5. prcess 6. plicy
7. branch 8. strategy 9. recycle 10. pverty 11. cnsequence 12. further
Ⅱ. 单句语法
f 2. f 3. plitically 4. fficially
5. pisnus 6. As 7. t 8. are
【课堂检测】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Day after day, a small blue truck speeds alng the streets f Funen. A dg sits beside the driver, lking at him as if 1 (listen) t his rder. Whenever the truck ges by, the peple f Funen turn and stare, sme in wnder, thers in admiratin. On its sides 2 (print) the wrds TRACKER DOG and a telephne number.
Yes, the passenger in the blue truck is a dg that 3 (be) used t find lst things r fllw the tracks f persns and animals. Within seven years, the dg and his 4 (wn) Andersn have fund lst things wrth nearly $400, 000, amng 5 are watches, jewelry, mney, cws, pigs, and ther dgs. Of curse, the secret f the dg is his sensitive nse.
Each year the dg and Andersn answer abut 700 calls 6 help. Fur ut f five times they find what they are asked t lk fr. Whenever the phne rings at Andersn’s huse, the dg is 7 (immediate) excited. He quickly runs t the truck, eager t be ff in search f the 8 (lse).
On the way, Andersn repeats again and again the names f 9 they are lking fr. S by the time they arrive, the dg is ready 10 (get) t wrk. He circles here and there until he picks up the smell f an bject in a place where it desn’t belng.
答案：
本文讲述了国家公园的来历和作用：1916年，美国建立了世界上第一个国家公园系统，从那时起，它就成为其他国家更好地保护环境和让人们享受大自然的典范．
1. 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子可知，as if引导状语从句，此处强调“好像正在听他的指令”，应用现在进行时is listening，因为状语从句的主语与句子主语一致，此处省略了主语，所以此处be动词也省略，故填listening。
2. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文Whenever the truck ges by, the peple f Funen turn and stare，可知时态为一般现在时；主语its sides与动词print之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，its sides是可数名词复数，故be动词应用are，故填are printed。
3. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据空前the passenger in the blue truck is a dg可知，时态为一般现在时；that ______(be) used t find lst things r fllw the tracks f persns and animals是一个定语从句，that指代先行词a dg，表示单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，故填is。
4. 考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词his可知，空处应填一个名词，此处指它的主人, 用wner，根据空后Andersn可知，该空应填名词单数，故填wner。
5. 考查非限制性定语从句。此处为介词 + 关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句, 先行词是物, 只能用关系代词which。故填which。
6. 考查固定用法。calls fr help呼救, 寻求帮助, 是固定用法。故填fr。
7. 考查副词。修饰形容词excited应用副词形式, 故填immediately。
8. 考查形容词。句意是说它渴望离开去寻找丢失的物品。表示“丢失的物品”要用the lst，故填lst。
9. 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导一个宾语从句，作介词f的宾语，引导词在从句中作宾语，表示“寻找的东西”，应用what引导，故填what。
10. 考查固定短语。be ready t d sth. 是固定短语，意为“准备好做某事”，故填t get。
【要点回顾】
【温故知新】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 阅读理解
A
Nw, cities large and small ften have remains f earlier histric streets and sidewalk pavements（人行道）.Yet they ften g unprtected even when they may be lder than neighburing histric buildings that have enjyed prtectin fr tens f years.
There are many reasns t prtect histric pavements - culture value, ecnmics, envirnmental benefits and public safety. Pavements represented an imprtant step in the mdernizatin f city envirnments in the 19th century.
Befre the laying f pavement, streets f dirt caused many prblems t citizens, especially in wet weather when they became muddy（泥泞的）, which limited the mvement f peple and vehicles.
T slve the prblem, cities experimented with a wide range f materials in an attempt t balance durability（耐用性）, ecnmics, surces f materials and nise cnsideratins.
The earliest pavement in many cities were cbblestnes-naturally runded stnes. They were cheap and durable,but rugh and nisy. Lse stne pavements were cheap and smth, but nt very durable. Wd als appeared in the 1850s as a ppular ptin-smth, quiet and affrdable,but nt very durable.
In many cities and twns, brick（砖）streets are the nly histric pavements that have survived. This fact cvers up the truth f pavement experimentatin between the 1850s and 1920s, when a city culd use up t a dzen different paving materials at the same time! Indeed, each city develped a unique "pavement identity" in the materials chsen and the way they were laid.
It is easy t think f the past when seeing histric pavements, as recalling "ld wrld" city qualities. Hwever, they are mre similar t the early high buildings and parks-imprtant city features that shwed the mdernizatin f the city. At a time when cities are becming increasingly similar, such pavements als help define an imprtant sense f place.
1. What is the present situatin f histric pavements?
A. Failing t represent mdem envirnments.
B. Failing t receive prtectin they shuld get.
C. Being brught back t its frmer glry.
D. Being highly valued as cultural buildings.
2. Why was the first pavement built in histry?
A. T help develp the lcal ecnmy.
B. T prevent earth frm being washed away.
C. T limit the mvement f peple and vehicles.
D. T bring cnvenience t citizens' life.
3. What is mainly talked abut in Paragraphs 4-6?
A. Ppularity f different paving materials.
B. Different experiments n city identity.
C. Advantages and disadvantages f stne pavements.
D. Develpment f pavements f different materials.
4. What des the writer want t express abut histric pavements in the last paragraph?
A. They are similar t tall buildings.
B. They make cities appear similar.
C. They are unique f a particular place.
D. They represent the mdernizatin f tday's city.
B
There are many ways t deal with the plastic pllutin. Tm Szaky's way may be ne f the bravest. He has gne back t an ld way-using reusable cntainers. The idea was used in the last century. It was intrduced t the wrld by Cca-Cla in the early 1920s, when Cke was sld in expensive glass bttles that needed returning. They asked fr tw cents, abut 40 percent f the full cst f the sft drink, and gt abut 98 percent f their bttles back, t be reused 40 r 50 times. Bttle depsit prgrams remain ne f the mst effective methds.
Ten mnths ag, Szaky started Lp, an nline delivery service that uses strng reusable cntainers. The biggest part f his risk is that Lp pushes far beynd the cmmn reusable bttles. Frm fd packaging t washing pwder packaging,the cntainers are in different sizes and made frm different materials. One f his prducts is Haagen-Dazs ice cream that is packed inside a special bx t keep the ice cream frm melting.
17 years ag, Szaky funded TerraCycle, a small waste management cmpany. He thught up a way t deal with plastics, cigarette wastes, and a lng list f ther wastes. Gradually, he became mre interested in thinking f hw t recycle different kinds f waste in the best way.
Lp is part f the reappearance f the reusable packaging as a best chice t plastic waste. The fd and drink cmpanies are mre likely t use reusable bttles. A cmpany said they have started the United States' first state-wide reusable beer system. Mre bviusly, Szaky's idea f reusable packaging fr prducts has attracted mre and mre cmpanies t pay attentin t the reusable packaging.
5. What d we knw abut Tm Szaky frm paragraph 1?
A. He invented Cke bttles.
B. He recmmended using reusable cntainers.
C. He invented a new kind f cntainer.
D. He asked peple fr depsit.
6. Why des Szaky keep the ice cream in a special bx?
A. T help keep its temperature.B. T make it easy t eat.
C. T make it sweeter.D. T help it melt quickly.
7. What can we infer abut the reusable packaging in the future?
A. It will slve plastic waste cmpletely.
B. It will bring abut a lt f new waste.
C. It will attract mre and mre attentin.
D. It will make Lp lse a lt f custmers.
8. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Different New Ways t Deal with Plastic Pllutin
B. The Stry f a Creative Inventr
C. The Wrld's Attitude t Plastic Pllutin
D. An Old Idea f Fighting against Plastic Pllutin
答案：
A
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈的是古建筑人行道的保护和历史，并呼吁其应该得到保护。
1. B. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Yet they ften g unprtected even when they may be lder than neighburing histric buildings that have enjyed prtectin fr tens f years. （然而，尽管它们比周围那些享受了十来年保护的历史建筑还要古老，但是它们却没有得到保护。）可知历史人行道尽管比一些得到保护的建筑古老得多，但它们还是没有得到应得的保护。故选B。
2. D. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Befre the laying f pavement, streets f dirt caused many prblems t citizens, especially in wet weather when they became muddy（泥泞的），which limited the mvement f peple and vehicles.（在铺人行道之前，泥泞的街道给市民造成了很多问题，尤其是在潮湿的天气它们变得泥泞的时候，这限制了人和车辆的行动。）可知本段论述了没有人行道的状况，道路泥泞阻碍出行，反过来可知修建人行道就是为了解决通行问题，便利生活，故选D。
3.D. 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段T slve the prblem,cities experimented with a wide range f materials in an attempt t balance durability（耐用性），ecnmics,surces f materials and nise cnsideratins.（为了解决这个问题，各城市实验了各种各样的材料，试图在耐用性，经济，材料来源和噪音之间找到平衡），再根据第五段和第六段，分别讲述了天然鹅卵石、裸石及砖块各自的优缺点，可知，这三段主要讲人行道上的不同材料的发展。故选D。
4. C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Hwever, they are mre similar t the early high buildings and parks -imprtant city features that shwed the mdernizatin f the city. （然而，它们更类似于那些展示城市现代化发展的重要城市标志---大楼和公园）可知作者认为古建筑人行道的作用，就等同于现代城市中的那些标志性建筑，这些人行道也是一个特定的地方所独有的。故选C。
B
5. B. 细节理解题。根据第一段中Tm Szaky's way may be ne f the bravest. He has gne back t an ld way-using reusable cntainers.（ Tm Szaky的方式可能是最勇敢的。他又回到了老方法---使用可重复使用的容器）可知，Tm Szaky建议使用可重复使用的容器。故选B。
6. A. 细节理解题。根据第二段中One f his prducts is Haagen-Dazs ice cream that is packed inside a special bx t keep the ice cream frm melting.（他的其中一个产品是哈根达斯冰淇淋，它被包装在一个特殊的盒子里，以防止冰淇淋融化）可知，Szaky把冰淇淋放在一个特殊的盒子里，是为了帮助冰淇淋保持温度，不融化。故选A。
7. C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Mre bviusly, Szaky's idea f reusable packaging fr prducts has attracted mre and mre cmpanies t pay attentin t the reusable packaging.（更明显的是，Szaky的产品可重复使用包装理念已经引起了越来越多的企业对可重复使用包装的重视）可推知，可重复使用的包装会吸引越来越多的人注意。故选C。
8. D. 标题确定题。根据第一段中There are many ways t deal with the plastic pllutin. Tm Szaky's way may be ne f the bravest. He has gne back t an ld way-using reusable cntainers.（有很多方法来处理塑料污染。Tm Szaky的方式可能是最勇敢的。他又回到了老方法---使用可重复使用的容器）结合文章主要介绍了Tm Szaky通过使用可重复使用的容器来处理塑料污染，说明了可重复使用的容器想法的起源和发展，以及Szaky是如何利用可重复使用容器的。可知，D选项An Old Idea f Fighting against Plastic Pllutin"一个与塑料污染作斗争的旧观念"最符合文章标题。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Tm Szaky通过使用可重复使用的容器来处理塑料污染，说明了可重复使用的容器想法的起源和发展，以及Szaky是如何利用可重复使用容器的。
预习思考
预习第二单元Reading部分的核心词汇和句型。
授课时间：
学习目标
1. 掌握第一单元核心语法专题省略；
2. 掌握第一单元Extended Reading部分核心词汇，并学会灵活应用。
教学内容
【进门测试】
建议5min
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The phrase "One Persn Can Make a Difference" is ne f thse sayings that great imprtance___36___（attach）t when we teach yungsters—t encurage them t d smething___37___（significance）, t help anther persn, r t dream big abut___38___they will change the wrld.
As adults, d we really believe this? I am writing t tell yu that indeed "ne persn can",___39___I knw ne persn did an act f kindness___40___changed my life and the lives f millins mre.
Almst 15 years ag while driving acrss twn, I was listening t a radi interview and heard an inspiring stry f ___41___（generus）. A wman had carried in ten winter cats thrugh the Thanksgiving weekend crwds n mass transprtatin___42___（dnate）them at the One Warm Cat drive. She knew the city had many peple in need.
She was nly ne persn, yet it was her actin that made me realize that mre peple___43___be able t dnate if there were mre drp-ff lcatins. Nw, nearly 15 years later, One Warm Cat___44___（inspire）the dnatin f ver 4 millin cats acrss the cuntry. As the Natinal Funder, I feel warm, knwing that we each are capable____45____making a real difference in the lives f thusands each Fall and Winter.
S when yu wnder "will it really matter?", I can tell yu that it will!
【答案】36. is attached 37. significant 38. hw 39. because 40. that/which
41. genersity 42. t dnate 43. wuld 44. has inspired 45. f
【多元导学】
建议10min
Brevity is the sul f wit.
简洁是智慧的灵魂。
—William Shakespeare(Hamlet)
观察以下句子，说一说括号里的部分是否可以省略？为什么？
1.-- Hw is yur mther tday?
-- (She is ) Much better.
2.(Is there) Anything wrng?
3.—What d yu think made Mary s upset?
Lsing her bicycle (made Mary s upset)
4. (Yu) Open the dr, please.
(Yu’d) Better take an umbrella.
5.She asked me t dance with her, but I didn’t want t (dance with her).
6. I really didn’t want t g there with him, but I had t (g there with him).
7. —Aren’t yu the manager？
—N,and I dn’t want be ( the manager ).
教学建议：通过解读莎士比亚的名言以及对于以上句子的观察和分析，引出本节课的语法专题—省略。
【互动精讲】
【知识梳理1】语法之省略句
省略句
省略句的定义：为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一. 状语从句中的省略
1. 在when, while, if, as if, thugh, althugh, as, until, nce, whether, unless等连接的状语从句中，若从句中的主语与主句主语一致且谓语中含有be动词，常省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。当从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。
= 1 \* GB3 ①She fell asleep while (he was) ding his hmewrk.
他在做作业时睡着了。
= 2 \* GB3 ②Often she wuld weep when (she was) alne.
她一个人时，常常哭泣。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If (it is) pssible, I'll g uting.
如果可能的话，我将去郊游。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
= 1 \* GB3 ①While ___________(cycle), dn't frget the traffic lights.
骑车时，不要忘记看红绿灯。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He pened his muth as if ___________(say) smething.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If ___________(leave) untreated, the cnditin may becme chrnic.
如果得不到治疗，此病可能会转成慢性。
【答案】
① cycling ② t say = 3 \* GB3 ③left
注意：有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any, if necessary, if pssible, if nt, if s：
= 1 \* GB3 ①There are few, if any, mistakes in that bk.
那本书就是有错误也不多。
= 2 \* GB3 ②If necessary, ring me at hme.
如果必要，可以打电话到我家找我。
= 3 \* GB3 ③If pssible, I wish t g there next summer.
如果可能，我希望明年夏天去。
= 4 \* GB3 ④He may be busy. If s, I’ll call later. If nt, can I see him nw?
他可能很忙，要是这样，我以后再来拜访。要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗?
2. 在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
= 1 \* GB3 ①I knw yu better than (I knw) him.
我了解你胜过了解他。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He runs as fast as Bb (runs)．
他跑得和鲍勃一样快。
二．定语从句和宾语从句中的省略
1．定语从句中的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whm, which, that可省略(但whm, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The man (wh/whm/that) yu want t meet has cme.
你要见的人来了。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
D yu knw the way (that/in which) wrk is measured?
你知道衡量工作的方式吗？
2．宾语从句中的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
= 1 \* GB3 ①I believe (that) beauty cmes frm within.
我相信美丽来自内心。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when, where, hw和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
She wants t learn English well, yet she desn't knw hw (she can learn it well)．
她想学好英语，但她不知道怎样才能学好。
【跟踪典例】把句中可以省略的部分用横线标出来
①Amng the many dangers which sailrs have t face, prbably the greatest f all is fg.
②Please send us all the infrmatin that yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.
③Jerry did nt regret giving the cmment but felt that he culd have expressed it differently.
④She didn't g t schl yesterday. I dn't knw why she didn't g t schl yesterday.
【答案】
①Amng the many dangers which sailrs have t face, prbably the greatest f all is fg.
②Please send us all the infrmatin that yu have abut the candidate fr the psitin.
③Jerry did nt regret giving the cmment but felt that he culd have expressed it differently.
④She didn't g t schl yesterday. I dn't knw why she didn't g t schl yesterday.
三. 动词不定式的省略
1．当不定式在形容词afraid, anxius, eager, glad, happy, ready, willing等后作状语时，t后的内容常省略。
Yu can't frce him t answer the questin if he's nt ready t (answer the questin)．
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
2．某些使役动词如：make, let, have等和感官动词如：see, watch, ntice, bserve, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略t，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则t不省略。
We ften hear her sing an English sng in the classrm.
→She is ften heard t sing an English sng in the classrm.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室里唱英语歌。
3．并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号t。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不省略t。
= 1 \* GB3 ①He likes t swim mre than (t) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
= 2 \* GB3 ②He believes it imprtant t study rather than t play cmputer games.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是玩电脑游戏。
4．当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree, affrd, expect, frget, hpe, knw, manage, pretend, remember, refuse, want, wish, wuld like等。
I asked him t see the film, but he didn't want t (see the film)．
我请他看电影，但是他不想去。
5．介词but, except(除了)前有实义动词d的具体形式时，后面的不定式不带t。
All he culd d was nthing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
6．当不定式在be ging t, be able t, have t, ught t, used t后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They dn't g shpping as much as they used t (g shpping)．
他们不像过去那样经常去购物了。
注意：(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，t后要保留原形的have或be。
(2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语be ging t, be abut t, be suppsed t, have t, used t及形容词glad, happy, pleased, delighted等。
= 1 \* GB3 ①He didn't cme, but he ught t have (cme)．
他没来，但他应该来。
= 2 \* GB3 ②—Are yu a farmer?
—N, but I used t be (a farmer)．
——你是个农民吗？
——不是，但我过去是。
【跟踪典例】单句改错
①There were s many cars held up by the heavy rain n the rad that we had n alternative but wait.
②We can d nthing but t give up.
③He was nticed leave the ffice.
④The city nw is much nisier than it used t.
⑤My mther wuldn't let me t g t see the film.
【答案】
①but后加t ②去掉t ③nticed后加t ④t后加be ⑤去掉第一个t
【巩固练习】
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Once __________ (addict) t nline games, teenagers are harmed bth physically and mentally.
2. __________ (cncern) abut the student, the teacher called his parents t find ut why he was s ften ab-sent frm class.
3. A vaccine can't be put nt the market unless __________ (test) n a large scale.
4. Film has a much shrter histry, especially when __________ (cmpare) t such art frms as music and painting.
5. When __________ (publish), the nvel will becme ne f the best sellers f the year.
6. Xiaming must have been playing ftball at that time, and his sister __________ (play) the pian.
7.Sme pisnus mushrms, if __________ (cnsume) mistakenly, can be deadly.
8. At the age f twenty he left his hmetwn, __________ (determine) nt t return withut achieving his gal.
9. She wndered why he didn't d it as __________ (require).
10. It is a difficult skill t master, but nce __________ (btain), it will benefit yu fr the rest f yur life.
11. In the film, the actr threw himself ff the hrse as if __________ (sht) t death.
12. Water in many places is nt safe t drink unless ___________ (bil) .
13. When __________ (expse) t danger and cnflict, men tend t increase bld pressure, feeling nervus r anxius.
14. When __________ (ask) later what the call was abut, yur friend always answers, "Oh, nthing really.”
15. If __________ (cnvenience) I will visit yu this weekend.
1.【答案】addicted
【解析】句意：青少年一旦沉迷于网络游戏，身心都会受到伤害。分析句子结构可知，设空处所给单词addict的逻辑主语是teenagers，且与其是被动关系，应该填过去分词形式，构成“Once+过去分词”结构作状语。Once addicted实际上是省略了they are的条件状语从句。由于主句和从句主语一致，且从句中有动词be，故可省略从句中的主语和be动词，故填addicted。
2.【答案】Cncerned
【解析】句意：出于对那个学生的关心，老师打电话给他的父母，问他为什么经常缺课。短语be cncerned abut意思是"担心……"，分析句子可知，本句是原因状语从句的省略，原句是Because he was cncerned abut the student...，从句的主语和主句的主语一致，从句省略了引导词、主语和系动词was，句首单词大写首字母，故填Cncerned。
3.【答案】tested
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除非大规模试验，否则疫苗无法投入市场。分析句子可知，本句考查unless引导的条件状语从句的省略，原从句是“unless it is tested n a large scale.”，从句的主语it代指的是主句主语A vaccine，故可以将it省略，谓语动词使用的是被动语态，把be动词省略，直接使用过去分词做状语，即“unless tested n a large scale”，故填tested。
4.【答案】cmpared
【解析】句意：电影的历史要短得多，尤其是当它和像音乐与绘画这样的艺术形式相比时。所给动词cmpare与其逻辑主语film之间是动宾关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态。句中从句的完整形式为when film is cmpared t such art frms as music and painting. 主从句主语一致时，when引导的从句可省略主语+be动词。故填cmpared。
5.【答案】published
【解析】句中will becme作谓语，空格处用非谓语形式，the nvel与publish之间为被动关系，分析句意可知，此处可以用when引导的时间状语从句，根据主将从现原则，此处可以理解为用一般现在时的被动语态，(it is) published，主句主语 the nvel 和从句主语相同，可以省略主语和be动词；也可以理解为用过去分词形式作状语。故填published。
6.【答案】playing
【解析】and前后句子时态一致，由前面的have been playing ftball可知，and后的句子时态也应该为现在完成进行时，主语his sister是单数，因此空格处为has been playing，为了避免重复，省略have been，因此空格处为playing，故填playing。
7.【答案】cnsumed
【解析】句意：一些有毒的蘑菇，如果误食，可能会致命。考查从句的省略句式，if引导的条件状语从句，当其主语与主句一致，谓语动词含有be动词时，可将主语和be动词省略；动词cnsume的逻辑主语是mushrms，构成被动的关系，因此使用被动语态be dne形式，把主语和be动词省略，故填cnsumed。
8.【答案】determined
【解析】句意：二十岁时他离开了家乡，决心不达目的就不回去。be determined t d sth.决心做某事，固定搭配，因为空处主语和主句主语一致，所以此处省略了主语he和be动词，所以空处需用determined作状语。故填determined。
9.【答案】required
【解析】句意：她不明白他为什么没有按要求做。require动词，要求，与主语“he”之间是动宾关系，用被动语态，由be动词+动词过去分词构成；句中as引导方式状语从句，当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，从句可以将主语和be动词省略。故填required。
10.【答案】btained
【解析】句意：这是一项很难掌握的技术/技巧，但一旦掌握，你将受益一生。分析句子成分可知，设空处相当于一个条件状语从句“nce it is btained”，且与主句主语it一致，从句谓语有be，可以省略，设空处直接填btained。故填btained。
11.【答案】sht
【解析】句意：在这部电影中，那个演员从马上摔了下来，仿佛被枪杀了。在英语中，如果主句的主语和从句的主语一致，且状语从句的谓语动词中有be动词，从句的主语连同be可一起省略，该类状语从句多为时间、地点、条件、方式或让步等，连词为when, while, thugh, if, unless, althugh, as if 等，后面通常接分词、不定式、形容词、名词等。故此处原句为as if the actr was sht t death变为as if sht t death。故填sht。
12.【答案】biled
【解析】句意：许多地方水不煮沸就不能安全饮用。unless引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，此处省略了主语+be动词is。bil煮沸，与主语"water"是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态，构成unless the water is biled，将unless从句中主语和be动词省略后为biled。故填biled。
13.【答案】expsed
【解析】分析句子结构可知，when引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句主语一致，可省略主语和be动词，完整表达为When they are expsed t danger and cnflict...，expse与逻辑主语men是被动关系，故用过去分词。故填expsed。
14.【答案】asked
【解析】句意：之后，当被问及电话是关于什么的时候，你的朋友总是回答：“哦，没什么。”分析句子结构可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略，当主从句主语一致时，省略从句主语，由于逻辑主语yur friend和ask之间是被动关系，直接省去be动词，要用过去分词作状语，故填asked。
15.【答案】cnvenient
【解析】句意：如果方便的话，我这个周末去拜访你。分析句子结构可知，If ______ (cnvenience)是省略句，完整句子应改为If it is cnvenient，同时省略了主语和be动词，此处应用cnvenient，“方便的”，形容词，故填cnvenient。
【知识梳理2】Extended Reading核心词汇
1. chief leader/ captain n.首领 majr/leading/ primary adj. 主要的；首要的 chiefly adv. 主要地；首先
原文：…Julie Archer, chief f the Nrgate Envirnmental Prtectin Cmmittee. …诺盖特环境保护委员会的负责人朱莉 · 阿彻。(教材P11)
◆ n. 首领，最高领导人 adj. 主要的；首席的
(1)the chief cause/prblem/reasn 主要原因/问题/理由
the Chief Educatin Officer 首席教育官
the chief financial fficer f the cmpany 公司的首席财务
in chief 主要地，尤其；在首席地位
(2) army/industry/plice chiefs 部队首长；行业巨擘；警察局长
①Unemplyment was the chief cause f pverty.
失业是贫穷的主要原因。
②Turism is nw the chief industry f Dawsn City.
旅游业现在是道森市的主要产业。
【跟踪典例】 完成句子
①Financial stress is well established as ____________________ fr divrce.
经济压力被充分证实为导致离婚的一个首要因素。
②He is the cmpany's _____________________.
他是这个公司的首席财务官。
【答案】
① a chief reasn ② chief financial fficer
2. get rid f
原文：… it’s als given me a cugh that I can’t get rid f.. 这还让我患上了咳嗽，久治不愈。(教材P11)
◆摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
rid … f … 除去，摆脱
be rid f 除去;摆脱;得到解脱
rid neself f 摆脱；从…中解脱
【跟踪典例】完成句子
①She wanted t __________________ her parents and their authrity.
她想摆脱父母及其权威的束缚。
②Try and ___________________ yur visitrs befre I get there.
在我到达之前，想办法把你的客人打发走。
= 3 \* GB3 ③He wanted t ___________________ the burden f the secret.
他想把秘密说出来，让自己得到解脱。
【答案】
① be rid f ② get rid f ③ rid himself f
3. prtest prtestant adj. 抗议的；持异议的n. 抗议者；持异议者；
原文：Mr Smith prtested against heavy industry. 史密斯先生反对重工业。(教材P11)
◆vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 坚持声称，申辩 n. 抗议，反对
(1) prtest abut/against/at sth 反对；抗议
prtest sth 坚决地表示；申辩
(2) under prtest 无奈地；不服气地；不甘心地
in prtest以示抗议
raised a strm f prtest引起了一场抗议风潮
withut prtest心甘情愿地；不反对地
①Students tk t the streets t prtest against the decisin.
学生们走上街头，抗议这项决定
②She has always prtested her inncence .
她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。
③The building wrk will g ahead, despite prtests frm lcal residents.
尽管当地居民反对，建筑工程将照样进行。
【跟踪典例】
①The directr resigned ________________ at the decisin.
主任辞职以示抗议这项决定。
②She accepted the charge _________________.
她一声未吭地接受了指控。
③The campaign prvided a channel fr ________________ the war.
这场运动是反对战争的一种方式。
【答案】1.in prtest 2. withut prtest 3. prtest against
4. ecnmic ecnmical adj.经济的；节约的；合算的 ecnmy n. 经济；节约；理财 ecnmist n.经济学者
原文：I’d als like t draw yur attentin t the ecnmic benefits factries have brught t Nrgate. 我还希望您能注意到，这些工厂给诺盖特市带来的经济效益。(教材P12)
◆adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的
(1)ecnmic grwth/cperatin/develpment/refrm 经济增长/合作/发展/改革
(2)an ecnmical car节油型汽车
an ecnmical use f space 节约利用空间
(3) a market ecnmy市场经济
ecnmy class经济舱
【跟踪典例】
①Many peple are suffering _____________________.
很多人正遭受着经济困难。
②Last time yu tld me that yu wanted _____________________ packaging.
上次你跟我说要最经济的包装。
【答案】①ecnmic hardship②the mst ecnmical
5. 表语前置倒装
原文：Jining us in the studi tnight are James Smith, a lcal resident; Vincent Brwn,…今晚来到我们直播间的有本地居民詹姆斯 · 史密斯、文森特 · 布朗…(教材P11)
【句式分析】
这是一个完全倒装句。主语是 James Smith, a lcal resident; Vincent Brw… , are 是系动词, Jining us 是表语。为了保持句子结构平衡或强调表语，将表语置于句首，引起倒装。表语前置有以下几种形式：
①形容词做表语前置
Present at the meeting were Prfessr Smith and his students.
②分词作表语前置
Gne are the days when we had t be in the mercy f weather.
③介词短语做表语前置
On the secnd flr is a big cinema.
【跟踪典例】
1. ______________ tday is Tm
Tm今天没开上学
2. ______________ was a wallet.
地上躺了一个钱包。
3. Attached t the envelp was _______________ .
信封上贴着一张漂亮的邮票。
【答案】1. Absent frm class 2. Lying n the grund 3. a beautiful stamp
【巩固练习】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 单词拼写
1. Lcal r__________ grups have united in ppsitin t the plan.
2. The mvie was sht e__________ n lcatin in Italy.
3. The annuncement unleashed a strm f p__________ frm the public
4. Mst cmpanies these days are just ut t make a quick p__________.
5. The nly questin is hw fast the p__________ will be
6. Each schl sets its wn admissins p__________.
7. Our New Yrk __________ (分部) is dealing with the matter.
8. Skimming is a kind f reading __________ (策略).
9. Envirnment experts urge peple t reuse and __________ (回收利用) plastic bags.
10. They envisin an equal sciety, free f __________ (贫困) and disease.
11. One __________ (后果) f glbal warming is extinctin.
12. Fr __________ (更多的) details call this number.
Ⅱ. 单句语法
1. Mst peple have sme regret that they just can't seem t get rid ____________.
2. What pints can be raised in defence ____________ this argument?
3. The cuntry has made enrmus strides ____________ (plitical) but nt ecnmically.
4. The cllege is nt an ____________ (fficial) recgnized English language schl.
5. A lt f ____________ (pisn) waste water cmes frm that chemical factry.
6. ____________ a cnsequence, we have truly entered the Pst-Industrial ecnmy.
7. These are the cells thught t give rise ____________ tumrs.
8. Present at the meeting ____________ (be) sme scientists frm China.
答案：
Ⅰ. 单词拼写
1. resident 2. entirely 3.prtest 4. prfit 5. prcess 6. plicy
7. branch 8. strategy 9. recycle 10. pverty 11. cnsequence 12. further
Ⅱ. 单句语法
f 2. f 3. plitically 4. fficially
5. pisnus 6. As 7. t 8. are
【课堂检测】
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Day after day, a small blue truck speeds alng the streets f Funen. A dg sits beside the driver, lking at him as if 1 (listen) t his rder. Whenever the truck ges by, the peple f Funen turn and stare, sme in wnder, thers in admiratin. On its sides 2 (print) the wrds TRACKER DOG and a telephne number.
Yes, the passenger in the blue truck is a dg that 3 (be) used t find lst things r fllw the tracks f persns and animals. Within seven years, the dg and his 4 (wn) Andersn have fund lst things wrth nearly $400, 000, amng 5 are watches, jewelry, mney, cws, pigs, and ther dgs. Of curse, the secret f the dg is his sensitive nse.
Each year the dg and Andersn answer abut 700 calls 6 help. Fur ut f five times they find what they are asked t lk fr. Whenever the phne rings at Andersn’s huse, the dg is 7 (immediate) excited. He quickly runs t the truck, eager t be ff in search f the 8 (lse).
On the way, Andersn repeats again and again the names f 9 they are lking fr. S by the time they arrive, the dg is ready 10 (get) t wrk. He circles here and there until he picks up the smell f an bject in a place where it desn’t belng.
答案：
本文讲述了国家公园的来历和作用：1916年，美国建立了世界上第一个国家公园系统，从那时起，它就成为其他国家更好地保护环境和让人们享受大自然的典范．
1. 考查状语从句的省略。分析句子可知，as if引导状语从句，此处强调“好像正在听他的指令”，应用现在进行时is listening，因为状语从句的主语与句子主语一致，此处省略了主语，所以此处be动词也省略，故填listening。
2. 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文Whenever the truck ges by, the peple f Funen turn and stare，可知时态为一般现在时；主语its sides与动词print之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，its sides是可数名词复数，故be动词应用are，故填are printed。
3. 考查时态和主谓一致。根据空前the passenger in the blue truck is a dg可知，时态为一般现在时；that ______(be) used t find lst things r fllw the tracks f persns and animals是一个定语从句，that指代先行词a dg，表示单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，故填is。
4. 考查名词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词his可知，空处应填一个名词，此处指它的主人, 用wner，根据空后Andersn可知，该空应填名词单数，故填wner。
5. 考查非限制性定语从句。此处为介词 + 关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句, 先行词是物, 只能用关系代词which。故填which。
6. 考查固定用法。calls fr help呼救, 寻求帮助, 是固定用法。故填fr。
7. 考查副词。修饰形容词excited应用副词形式, 故填immediately。
8. 考查形容词。句意是说它渴望离开去寻找丢失的物品。表示“丢失的物品”要用the lst，故填lst。
9. 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导一个宾语从句，作介词f的宾语，引导词在从句中作宾语，表示“寻找的东西”，应用what引导，故填what。
10. 考查固定短语。be ready t d sth. 是固定短语，意为“准备好做某事”，故填t get。
【要点回顾】
【温故知新】
= 1 \* ROMAN I. 阅读理解
A
Nw, cities large and small ften have remains f earlier histric streets and sidewalk pavements（人行道）.Yet they ften g unprtected even when they may be lder than neighburing histric buildings that have enjyed prtectin fr tens f years.
There are many reasns t prtect histric pavements - culture value, ecnmics, envirnmental benefits and public safety. Pavements represented an imprtant step in the mdernizatin f city envirnments in the 19th century.
Befre the laying f pavement, streets f dirt caused many prblems t citizens, especially in wet weather when they became muddy（泥泞的）, which limited the mvement f peple and vehicles.
T slve the prblem, cities experimented with a wide range f materials in an attempt t balance durability（耐用性）, ecnmics, surces f materials and nise cnsideratins.
The earliest pavement in many cities were cbblestnes-naturally runded stnes. They were cheap and durable,but rugh and nisy. Lse stne pavements were cheap and smth, but nt very durable. Wd als appeared in the 1850s as a ppular ptin-smth, quiet and affrdable,but nt very durable.
In many cities and twns, brick（砖）streets are the nly histric pavements that have survived. This fact cvers up the truth f pavement experimentatin between the 1850s and 1920s, when a city culd use up t a dzen different paving materials at the same time! Indeed, each city develped a unique "pavement identity" in the materials chsen and the way they were laid.
It is easy t think f the past when seeing histric pavements, as recalling "ld wrld" city qualities. Hwever, they are mre similar t the early high buildings and parks-imprtant city features that shwed the mdernizatin f the city. At a time when cities are becming increasingly similar, such pavements als help define an imprtant sense f place.
1. What is the present situatin f histric pavements?
A. Failing t represent mdem envirnments.
B. Failing t receive prtectin they shuld get.
C. Being brught back t its frmer glry.
D. Being highly valued as cultural buildings.
2. Why was the first pavement built in histry?
A. T help develp the lcal ecnmy.
B. T prevent earth frm being washed away.
C. T limit the mvement f peple and vehicles.
D. T bring cnvenience t citizens' life.
3. What is mainly talked abut in Paragraphs 4-6?
A. Ppularity f different paving materials.
B. Different experiments n city identity.
C. Advantages and disadvantages f stne pavements.
D. Develpment f pavements f different materials.
4. What des the writer want t express abut histric pavements in the last paragraph?
A. They are similar t tall buildings.
B. They make cities appear similar.
C. They are unique f a particular place.
D. They represent the mdernizatin f tday's city.
B
There are many ways t deal with the plastic pllutin. Tm Szaky's way may be ne f the bravest. He has gne back t an ld way-using reusable cntainers. The idea was used in the last century. It was intrduced t the wrld by Cca-Cla in the early 1920s, when Cke was sld in expensive glass bttles that needed returning. They asked fr tw cents, abut 40 percent f the full cst f the sft drink, and gt abut 98 percent f their bttles back, t be reused 40 r 50 times. Bttle depsit prgrams remain ne f the mst effective methds.
Ten mnths ag, Szaky started Lp, an nline delivery service that uses strng reusable cntainers. The biggest part f his risk is that Lp pushes far beynd the cmmn reusable bttles. Frm fd packaging t washing pwder packaging,the cntainers are in different sizes and made frm different materials. One f his prducts is Haagen-Dazs ice cream that is packed inside a special bx t keep the ice cream frm melting.
17 years ag, Szaky funded TerraCycle, a small waste management cmpany. He thught up a way t deal with plastics, cigarette wastes, and a lng list f ther wastes. Gradually, he became mre interested in thinking f hw t recycle different kinds f waste in the best way.
Lp is part f the reappearance f the reusable packaging as a best chice t plastic waste. The fd and drink cmpanies are mre likely t use reusable bttles. A cmpany said they have started the United States' first state-wide reusable beer system. Mre bviusly, Szaky's idea f reusable packaging fr prducts has attracted mre and mre cmpanies t pay attentin t the reusable packaging.
5. What d we knw abut Tm Szaky frm paragraph 1?
A. He invented Cke bttles.
B. He recmmended using reusable cntainers.
C. He invented a new kind f cntainer.
D. He asked peple fr depsit.
6. Why des Szaky keep the ice cream in a special bx?
A. T help keep its temperature.B. T make it easy t eat.
C. T make it sweeter.D. T help it melt quickly.
7. What can we infer abut the reusable packaging in the future?
A. It will slve plastic waste cmpletely.
B. It will bring abut a lt f new waste.
C. It will attract mre and mre attentin.
D. It will make Lp lse a lt f custmers.
8. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Different New Ways t Deal with Plastic Pllutin
B. The Stry f a Creative Inventr
C. The Wrld's Attitude t Plastic Pllutin
D. An Old Idea f Fighting against Plastic Pllutin
答案：
A
【解题导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈的是古建筑人行道的保护和历史，并呼吁其应该得到保护。
1. B. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句Yet they ften g unprtected even when they may be lder than neighburing histric buildings that have enjyed prtectin fr tens f years. （然而，尽管它们比周围那些享受了十来年保护的历史建筑还要古老，但是它们却没有得到保护。）可知历史人行道尽管比一些得到保护的建筑古老得多，但它们还是没有得到应得的保护。故选B。
2. D. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Befre the laying f pavement, streets f dirt caused many prblems t citizens, especially in wet weather when they became muddy（泥泞的），which limited the mvement f peple and vehicles.（在铺人行道之前，泥泞的街道给市民造成了很多问题，尤其是在潮湿的天气它们变得泥泞的时候，这限制了人和车辆的行动。）可知本段论述了没有人行道的状况，道路泥泞阻碍出行，反过来可知修建人行道就是为了解决通行问题，便利生活，故选D。
3.D. 主旨大意题。根据文章第四段T slve the prblem,cities experimented with a wide range f materials in an attempt t balance durability（耐用性），ecnmics,surces f materials and nise cnsideratins.（为了解决这个问题，各城市实验了各种各样的材料，试图在耐用性，经济，材料来源和噪音之间找到平衡），再根据第五段和第六段，分别讲述了天然鹅卵石、裸石及砖块各自的优缺点，可知，这三段主要讲人行道上的不同材料的发展。故选D。
4. C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Hwever, they are mre similar t the early high buildings and parks -imprtant city features that shwed the mdernizatin f the city. （然而，它们更类似于那些展示城市现代化发展的重要城市标志---大楼和公园）可知作者认为古建筑人行道的作用，就等同于现代城市中的那些标志性建筑，这些人行道也是一个特定的地方所独有的。故选C。
B
5. B. 细节理解题。根据第一段中Tm Szaky's way may be ne f the bravest. He has gne back t an ld way-using reusable cntainers.（ Tm Szaky的方式可能是最勇敢的。他又回到了老方法---使用可重复使用的容器）可知，Tm Szaky建议使用可重复使用的容器。故选B。
6. A. 细节理解题。根据第二段中One f his prducts is Haagen-Dazs ice cream that is packed inside a special bx t keep the ice cream frm melting.（他的其中一个产品是哈根达斯冰淇淋，它被包装在一个特殊的盒子里，以防止冰淇淋融化）可知，Szaky把冰淇淋放在一个特殊的盒子里，是为了帮助冰淇淋保持温度，不融化。故选A。
7. C. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Mre bviusly, Szaky's idea f reusable packaging fr prducts has attracted mre and mre cmpanies t pay attentin t the reusable packaging.（更明显的是，Szaky的产品可重复使用包装理念已经引起了越来越多的企业对可重复使用包装的重视）可推知，可重复使用的包装会吸引越来越多的人注意。故选C。
8. D. 标题确定题。根据第一段中There are many ways t deal with the plastic pllutin. Tm Szaky's way may be ne f the bravest. He has gne back t an ld way-using reusable cntainers.（有很多方法来处理塑料污染。Tm Szaky的方式可能是最勇敢的。他又回到了老方法---使用可重复使用的容器）结合文章主要介绍了Tm Szaky通过使用可重复使用的容器来处理塑料污染，说明了可重复使用的容器想法的起源和发展，以及Szaky是如何利用可重复使用容器的。可知，D选项An Old Idea f Fighting against Plastic Pllutin"一个与塑料污染作斗争的旧观念"最符合文章标题。故选D。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Tm Szaky通过使用可重复使用的容器来处理塑料污染，说明了可重复使用的容器想法的起源和发展，以及Szaky是如何利用可重复使用容器的。
预习思考
预习第二单元Reading部分的核心词汇和句型。
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