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2022年九年级中考英语语法--否定句
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2022年九年级中考英语语法--否定句
肯定句变否定句的基本方法
一、如果谓语中有情态动词、助动词或be，直接在它们后面加not构成否定句。
I can not dance. 我不会跳舞。
He will not go there. 他不会那里。
I am not a teacher. 我不是教师。
注意：若谓语中不止一个助动词、情态动词或be时，在第一个后加not。如：
He has not been to Japan. 他没有去过日本。
二、如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或be，在动词之前加do not (一般现在时第三人称单数用does not,过去时用 did not，并将原来的谓语动词改为原形) 。
You don’t look well today. 你今天气色不好。
She does not know what to do. 她不知道做什么。
I didn’t do morning exercises today. 我今天没做早操。
注：have做助动词时，在后面加not；作“有”解时也可以在后面加not；不是作“有”解的为行为动词时，其否定式和其他行为动词一样要在前面加do(does、did) not。如：
I haven’t finished my homework. 我还没有做完作业。
I have not (=don’t have) a car. 我没有汽车。
I don’t have lunch at school. 我不是在学校吃中饭的。
She doesn’t have lunch at school. 她不是在学校吃中饭的。
He didn’t have lunch yesterday. 他昨天没有吃中饭。
否定式的常见缩写形式
系动词be、助动词、情态动词的否定形式一般可以缩写成为一种简略的形式。如：
is not—isn't are not—aren't
was not—wasn't were not—weren't
has not—hasn't have not—haven't
will not—won't would not—wouldn't
shall not—shan't should not—shouldn't
do not—don't did not—didn't
ought not—oughtn't dare not—daren't
used not to—usedn't / didn't use to
no与not的几个区别
区别一：no是形容词，可直接放在名词之前。但若名词前已有the, a(n)，any, much, enough等词，则用副词not。如：
正：I have no (=not any) money. 我没有钱。
正：I haven't much money. 我没有很多钱。
误：I have no much (no any) money.
区别二：与形容词或副词的比较级连用时要注意：用not属于一般比较结构，意为“比不上”或“不如”；用no则情况比较特殊，一般说来“no+形容词或副词比较级+than”所表示的意思是该形容词或副词的相反含义。如：
John is not better than Tom. 约翰不如汤姆好。
John is no better than Tom. 约翰和汤姆一样不好(=坏）。
类例：no richer than = as poor as 一样穷
no taller than = as short as 一样矮
no later than = as early as 一样早
区别三：在某些系表结构中，用not只表示一般的否定，用no则语气较强，可译为“决不是”。如：
He's not a poet. 他不是诗人。
He's no poet. 他决不是诗人。
区别四：no和not…any 均可表示完全否定。注意，英语习惯上不说any…not。如：
正：He hasn't any money. 他没有钱。
正：No one came to see me. 没有人来看过我。
误：Any one didn't come to see me.
区别五：非谓语动词的否定式，通常用not而不用no。如：
The teacher told him not to be late again. 老师叫他不要再迟到。
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to her. 由于没接到回信，他决定再给她写一封信。
但在某些省略结构或固定结构中（尤其是用于命令，警告，标牌等场合），表示“禁止”“不许”等意义时，一般只用no。如：
No smoking. 禁止吸烟。
No admittance except on business. 非公莫入。
否定转移的形式
一、动词的否定转移
1. 形式上否定主句的谓语，实际上是否定从句的谓语
当动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel的主语是第一人称、谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们的否定式实际上是对宾语从句的否定。表示说话者提出一种委婉的看法或主张。如：
I think that he will help us. —I don't think that he will help us. 我认为它不会帮助我们。
I believe that he is right. —I don't believe that he is right. 我认为他不对。
I suppose that he likes it. —I don't suppose that he likes it. 我想他不喜欢它。
2. 形式上否定谓语动词，实际上否定复合宾语
当动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel, find的主语是第一人称、谓语动词为没有任何副词修饰的一般现在时，它们前面的否定式实际上是对复合宾语的否定。表示说话者所提出的一种委婉的看法或主张。如：
I think math difficult. — I don't think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。
I find the story interesting. — I don't find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。
I expect so. —I don't expect so. 我认为不会。
注意：动词think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, feel在下列情况下，否定不转移：
(1) 这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时，否定不转移。如：
I believe and hope he won't do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。
I feel and admit that we are not foolish. 我觉得并且也承认我们并不愚蠢。
(2) 用于疑问句时，否定不转移。如：
Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？
Don't you believe that he has done a good thing? 难道你不相信他做了一件好事？
(3) 用作插入语时，否定不转移。如：
Li Lei, I think, won't be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。
Tom, I suppose, won't be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。
Mike, I believe, hasn't seen the film. 我认为迈克没有看这场电影。
(4) 动词前有其他副词修饰时，否定不转移。如：
I really don't think it's necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。
I feel strongly that he shouldn't do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。
(5) 动词为非一般现在时或主语不是第一人称时，否定不转移。
I thought that he wouldn't come back soon. 我原以为他不会回来得这么快。
She didn't believe that he became a good boy. 她不相信它变成了一个好孩子。
He thinks that he isn't fit for the job. 他认为他不适合这件工作。
He doesn't believe that what we told him is true. 他不相信我们告诉他的事是真的。
(6) 当宾语从句中含的否定为not…at all, not a little, not a few, not enough, can't help等固定搭配时，否定不转移。如：
I think that he doesn't know it at all. 我想他对那一点也不知道。
I suppose that it is not enough to remember the words if you want to learn the language well. 我认为如果你想把这门语言学好，那么只记单词是不够的。
I believe that you can't help singing our national anthem when you win the first place in the Olympic Games. 我相信当你在奥运会上获得第一名时你会情不自禁地唱起国歌来。
(7) 当宾语从句中含no, nothing, nobody, nowhere, hardly, seldom, little, few等否定词或半否词时，否定不转移。如：
I believe that nothing can make me give it up. 我想任何事情也不能使我放弃。
I think that no one can escape if the ship sinks in the sea. 我认为如果这艘船沉入海底的话，那么谁也逃不掉。
I suppose that he is a man of few words. 我猜想他是一个言语不多的人。
二、句子的否定转移
有些句子形式上否定谓语动词，实际上是对句子后面状语进行否定。如：
Let's not talk about it here. 我们别在这里谈吧。
Don't read in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书。
Don't talk with your mouth full of food. 不要口里含着食物说话。
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