2022年高考英语语法--宾语从句学案
展开在主句中充当宾语成分,即跟在及物动词后面、不及物动词加介词后面,或介词后面的从句叫做宾语从句,宾语从句可以由从属连词that,whether,if,连接代词what,which,wh以及连接副词hw,when,where,why等引导。其中宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语从句的用法需要注意以下几个问题:
第一、宾语从句中要用陈述语序
I‘m wndering if yu culd help me with my hmewrk.
我在想你是否可以帮忙我的作业
但是不能这样:I’m wndering if culd yu help me with my hmewrk.
第二、宾语从句时态选择的问题
1、当主句的谓语动词为一般现在时时,宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况使用可以是任何时态
She says that she likes bananas very much.
她说她特别喜欢香蕉(一般现在时)
She says that she will send me an email this afternn.
她说她今天下午会给我发邮件(一般将来时)
2、当主句谓语动词是一般过去时时,从句时态一般用适当的过去时态
He said t his mn that there were n classes yesterday.
他对他妈妈说昨天没有课(一般过去时)
He said that he was watching a TV series at that time.
他说他当时正在看一部电视连续剧
3、当宾语从句描述的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,不管主句的时态是哪种,宾语从句的时态都用一般现在时
The teacher tld us that light travels faster than sund.
老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快
My father used t tell us that nthing is difficult if we put heart int it.
父亲过去常告诉我们只要用心,没有什么事可以难倒我们
第三、宾语从句的否定前移
当主句主语是第一人称且时态为一般现在时时,以及主句的谓语动词是believe,cnsider,expect,fancy,guess,imagine,suppse,think等时,从句的否定要转移到主句上,但这种转移只是形式上的,意义上不变。如果整个句子后面跟有反义疑问句,反义疑问句的谓语动词要与宾语从句保持一致
I dn't think he will stick ut t the last mment.
我认为他不会坚持到最后一刻
I dn't suppse that is their fault,it it?
我认为那不是他的错,是不是?
宾语从句三类的用法详解
宾语从句可以分为三类
(1).动词的宾语从句
1.1 大多数位于动词后面
Eg:I hpe yu can jin us in the game.
1.2 有些是“动词+副词”后
Find ut / pint ut / figure ut / turn ut/ figure ut
Eg: Can yu figure ut what the pet really means in this pem?
1.3 有些动词短语后面
Make sure / make up ne’s mind / keep in mind
Eg; we shuld keep in mind that sprts can be a great bst t ur health.
(2) it 作形式宾语代替宾语从句
第一类动词; find/ feel/ think/ cnsider/ make / believe/ guess/ suppse /assume等后面有宾语不足语时,需要用it 作形式宾语而将that引导的真正的宾语从句后置。
Eg: I think it necessary that we d sme sprting.
第二类动词 带宾语从句时需要在从句前面加it。
这类词:hate / like/ dislike/ appreciate/ depend n/ see t /
Eg: I hate it when they talk withut cnsidering ther’s feeling.
但是如果宾语从句是WH-类引导的,其后面有t be 短语作宾语补足语,不可以用it 代替。
We all cnsider what yu said t be unbelievable. (right)
We all cnsider it t be unbelievable what yu said .(wrng)
(3) 形容词后的宾语从句
Adj: sure / certain/ glad/ pleased/ happy / afraid / srry 等等。
Eg; I am nt sure whether yu will cme r nt.
简化宾语从句常见用法
同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句,使其与原句意思相同(或相近)的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法:
方法一:当主句谓语动词是hpe, decide, wish, chse, agree, prmise等,且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如:
Li Ming hpes he will be back very sn. →Li Ming hpes t be back very sn.
We decided that we wuld help him. →We decided t help him.
方法二:当主句谓语动词是knw, learn, remember, frget, tell等动词,且主句主语与从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
She has frgtten hw she can pen the windw. →She has frgtten hw t pen the windw.
注:当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, shw, teach等动词,且后带双宾语,从句主语和间接宾语一致时,宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如:
Culd yu tell me hw I can get t the statin? →Culd yu tell me hw t get t the statin?
方法三:当主句的谓语动词是rder(命令),require(需要)等时,如果主句和从句的主语不一致,宾语从句可简化为“名词(代词)+不定式”结构。例如:
The headmaster rdered that we shuld start at nce. → The headmaster rdered us t start at nce.
方法四:某些动词后的宾语从句,可以用介词加动名词(短语)等其他形式简化。例如:
He insisted that he shuld g with us. →He insisted n ging with us.
The pr by desn't knw when and where he was brn. →The pr by desn't knw the time and the place f his birth.
方法五:某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式(作宾语补足语)”结构。例如:
Liu Ping fund that there was a wallet lying n the grund. → Liu Ping fund a wallet lying n the grund.
方法六:动词seem后的宾语从句,也可以用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如:
It seemed that the bys were ging t win. →The bys seemed t win.
除上述方法外,还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如:
I fund that it was difficult t learn English well. →I fund it difficult t learn English well.
Sn we fund that the grund was cvered with thick snw. →Sn we fund the grund cvered with thick snw.
They fund that the bx was very heavy. →They fund the bx very heavy.
宾语从句与形式宾语it
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末:
I think it best that yu shuld stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn’t made it knwn when he is ging t get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。
She fund it difficult t answer the questin. 她发现回答这个问题很困难。
He feels it his duty t hetp thers. 他认为帮助别人是他的责任。
He thught it best t be n his guard. 他认为他最好还是要警惕。
He made it a rule t speak in Parliament at least nce every sessin. 他规定自己在议会每次开会时至少发一次言。
I find it interesting talking g yu. 我觉得同你谈话很有意思。
I cnsider it wrng t cheat in an examinatin. 我认为考试作弊是不对的。
宾语从句与否定转移
当动词think, believe, suppse, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语:
I dn't suppse that it is true. 我认为那不是真的。
I dn't imagine that he will cme. 我想他不会来的。
I dn't think we need waste much time n it. 我想我们不必在这上面花太多时间
We didn't think we'd be this late. 我们没想到我们会到得这么晚。
I dn't suppse I'll truble yu again. 我想我不要再麻烦你了。
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