中考英语复习课件：阅读理解

这是一份中考英语复习课件：阅读理解，共59页。PPT课件主要包含了客观阅读和主观阅读，让我们看几个例子，Which，Why，How，解题技巧，中考链接，让我们试一试，主观阅读题考什么，如何解答这些题目等内容，欢迎下载使用。

阅读理解的考察方式：
一、中考的阅读会选什么样的文章？
体裁 ----多样 （多为记叙文、说明文、应用文， 有时也有议论文）题材 ----丰富 （小故事、日常生活/学习小窍门、文化习俗、名人轶事等）
二、客观阅读题的题目设置：
细节理解题整体概括题理解推测题
1、什么是细节理解题？
考察该文章中有关事件发生的具体细节的题目，如：时间、地点、人物、事件、方式等；
What WhenWhWhereWhy Hw
Which statement is true accrding t the passage?
William Shakespeare was a writer f plays and pems. Sme f his mst famus plays are Hamlet, Rme and Juliet, Macbeth. He wrte thirty-seven plays in all. They are still ppular tday.Shakespeare wrte many famus plays except _____. A. Hamlet B. Macbeth C. Rme and Juliet D. Man and Superman. (What)
He was brn in 1564 in England. At schl he liked watching plays. He decided t be an actr when he finished schl at the age f furteen. In 1582, he married a farmer’s daughter. She was eight years lder than he was. Shakespeare decided t be an actr in ___. A. 1578 B. 1582 C. 1599 D. 1616 (When)
Their first child was a daughter. Later they had twins. In 1585, Shakespeare left his hmetwn, Stratfrd-upn-Avn. His wife and children stayed behind. N ne knws why he left r what he did between 1585 and 1592.In 1585, Shakespeare left his hmetwn Stratfrd-upn-Avn _____. A. with his wife B. with his daughter C. alne D. with his wife and children (With whm)
A: …and dn’t frget the milk, we haven’t gt any left.B: S we need milk, bread, chicken and eggs. Anything else?A: N. Wait a minute. We’re having Anne and Tny t dinner n Friday. She desn’t eat meat. Yu’d better get sme fish.B: OK. See yu later.
④ Which shpping list des the speaker take?
1 large fish, bread, 4 chicken thighs, 2 kils prk2 litres milk, 1 kil fresh beef, 8 chicken wings, 1 dz eggs, 1 fresh fish1 litre milk, sme bread, 4 chicken breasts, 1 dz eggs, 1 kil fresh fish2 litres milk, 1 dz eggs, 2 kils fish, 1 whle chicken ④Which shpping list des the speaker take? A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
⑤What time did Mrs Green call the plice?
At 9:00 a.m.B. At 9: 30 At 9:40 p.m.D. At 9: 45 p.m.
(What time)
⑥Why d Canadians and Americans ften invite friends fr meals at hme? A. Because they can save time. B. Because they can spend less mney. C. Because they enjy entertaining at hme. D. Because they have mdern and beautiful huses.
In Canada and the United States, peple enjy entertaining(请客) at hme. They ften invite friends ver fr a meal, a party, r just fr cffee and cnversatin.
Here are the kinds f things peple say when they invite smene t their hme: “Wuld yu like t cme ver fr dinner Saturday night?” … Smetimes, hwever, peple use expressins that sund like invitatins but which are nt real invitatins. Fr example: “Please cme ver fr a drink smetime.”… They are nt real invitatins because they dn’t mentin a specific time r date.
⑦Which f the fllwing is a real invitatin?
Which f the fllwing is a real invitatin?A. “If yu’re free, let’s g fr a drink smetime.”B. “Please g t the cinema with me sme day.”C. “Wuld yu like t have a cup f tea with us smetime?”D. “I’ve tw tickets here. Can yu g t the cncert with me?”(Which statement is true accrding t the passage?)
Dear Sir r Madam,Last Thursday, I travled n the 8:00 train frm Glasgw t Lndn King’s Crss and I was quite angry with the service f yur cmpany.The train didn’t cme n time…We had further delays n the way and had t wait anther thirty minutes. As a result, I missed my plane frm Lndn t Frankfurt and had t wait fr several hurs …Yur faithfullyDavid Rbertsn
⑧ Hw did David g t Frankfurt frm Lndn ?
⑧Hw did David g t Frankfurt frm Lndn ?
Dear Sir r Madam,Last Thursday, I travled n the 8:00 train frm Glasgw t Lndn King’s Crss and I was quite angry with the service f yur cmpany.The train didn’t cme n time…We had further delays n the way and had t wait anther thirty minutes. As a result, I missed my plane frm Lndn t Frankfurt and had t wait fr several hurs … Yur faithfullyDavid Rbertsn
By plane.B. By bus.C. By car.D. By train.
2、什么是整体概括题？
从文章的整体层面上设置的主观概括题，如：为本文选择一个恰当的题目、推测本文作者想要表达的意图等。
What is the main idea f this passage? What des the passage want t tell us?/ What des the writer actually want t say? (the writer’s attentin) Which is the prper title accrding t the passage?
In Canada and the United States, peple enjy entertaining at hme. They ften invite ... Here are the kinds f things peple say when they invite smene t their hme: … S next time when yu hear what sunds like an invitatin, listen carefully. Is it a real invitatin r is the persn just being friendly?
The passage is mainly abut _________.A. entertainment at hmeB. real invitatins r ntC. expressins f starting a cnversatinD. ways f ending a cnversatin (main idea)
Each year there is an increasing number f cars … Mst Americans find it hard t think what life wuld be withut a car. Hwever, sme have realized the serius prblem f air pllutin by cars… One way t get rid f the plluted air is t … Anther way is t … T prevent the wrld … cut dwn n the number f their cars…g t wrk by bike… Althugh cars have brught us a better life, they have als brught us new prblems.
The writer wants t tell us that _____.
The writer wants t tell us that _____.A. Riding a bike is the nly way ut.B. The number f cars must be cut dwnC. Man wn’t live withut carsD. Cars bring us nt nly a better life but als serius prblems.
(the writer’s attentin)
Which is the best title fr the passage?A. A New Way t Get Rid f Plluted AirB. Cars and Plluted AirC. Many Serius Prblems in the USAD. Changes in Car Prductin
(the best title)
3、什么是理解推测题？
根据文章的上下文，猜测某个词在该情境中的具体含义；根据对文章片断的理解，重新排列成正确的顺序；根据所给的部分文章内容，推测其故事结尾或其他部分。
In the passage, the wrd “master” means “____” in Chinese. A. 服务员 B. 邻居 C. 佣人 D. 主人
... The wlf saw that the dg was fat and cmfrtable, s he asked, “Cusin dg, d yu knw where I can find sme fd?” “Oh, there is always fd in my huse,” said the dg. “My master gives me plenty f meat.” “Master?” said the wlf. “What’s that?” “The man I wrk fr,” said the dg. “My jb is easy. I …”
Cffeehuses and the Lndn Stck Exchange In the 17th century Lndn, cffeehuses were busy and nisy places. Businessmen and bankers went t cffeehuses t their business, as well as t drink cffee. In fact, the Lndn Stck Exchange (股票交易所) is believed t have started frm these cffeehuses.
② Frm the last paragraph （段落）we can see.
A. a new business was started in cffeehusesB. cffeehuses are still used by businessmen and bankersC. businessmen and bankers went t cffeehuses just fr cffee D. mst peple wuldn’t like t g t cffeehuses because f the nise
Cffeehuses and the Lndn Stck Exchange In the 17th century Lndn, cffeehuses were busy and nisy places. Businessmen and bankers went t cffeehuses t their business, as well as t drink cffee. In fact, the Lndn Stck Exchange (股票交易所) is believed t have started frm these cffeehuses.
It is a beautiful day in June. The sun is ht. It’s time t harvest strawberries, and the strawberry fields are full f peple. … They are picking fruit fr fun. They can buy strawberries in a supermarket, but it is cheaper t pick their wn fruit. Strawberries frm the farm are als fresher. The stry implies(暗示) that strawberries in the supermarket are _______. A. larger B. less fresh C. cheaper D. better fr yur health
通常老师出题时会考虑一个段落出一题，因此，同学们做题时可以按照这个思路一段一段地向下找答案。答题前可以先通读全文，同时有意识地把一些关键词句勾画下来，以便答题时能迅速找到相应的答案。如果时间紧张，也可以先读题，再根据每一段开头的主题句，到相应的段落中找答案。
同学们在练习中要注意：
有意识地针对自己的薄弱点做一些练习：如果是细节题经常错，那么每次做类似的题目时都要在原文中把相应的句子勾画出来；如果是整体概括题经常错，就要有意识地锻炼自己找文章的中心句和每一段的主题句（可以参照语文阅读中的相应做题方法），把这些句子结合在一起来概括文章的中心大意，切不可根据刚刚读过的最后一段来做此类题目。
My favurite great bk is The Adventure f Tm Sawyer by Mark Twain. Tm lives with his aunt Plly in a quiet street f St Petersburg, Missuri. He’s a lively and clever yung by, and he finds himself in many exciting adventures (冒险) . He runs away with his tw friends, Huck Finn and Je, t an island in the middle f the Mississippi River fr several days. With Huck he ges lking fr treasure, with Becky he gets lst in a cave, and finally, they find a bx f gld.
My favurite scene in the bk is when everyne thinks Tm is dead. He decides t g t his wn funeral. He hides and watches fr a time, and then suddenly he appears. Everyne is surprised t see him but they’re als pleased t see him alive. Tm is the her f the stry, but there are ther imprtant characters. Huck is an utsider and everyne is afraid f him. Becky is pretty with fair hair, Je is Tm’s best friend, and Injun Je is the bad man f the stry.
The theme f the stry is abut children grwing up. It describes hw strangers are seen in small twns f America. Finally, it talks abut freedm, scial rules and hw peple are punished (惩罚) fr bad behavir. Why d I think The Adventure f Tm Sawyer is a great bk? Mark Twain wrte the stry in 1876, but it’s still read and lved by peple all ver the wrld tday. And althugh it’s nly a stry, Twain wrte it in the everyday English f the suthern states f America in the 19th century, s it sunds very real. Tday it’s thught t be ne f the greatest bks in American literature. G n — read it! I knw yu’ll enjy it, t.
1. Where des Tm run away with his tw friends?A. T a quiet street.B. T a small twn.C. T an island.D. T a frest.
He’s a lively and clever yung by, and he finds himself in many exciting adventures (冒险) . He runs away with his tw friends, Huck Finn and Je, t an island in the middle f the Mississippi River fr several days.
2. Wh is the bad man in the stry?A. Huck Finn. B. Injun Je.C. Becky.D. Plly.
Huck is an utsider and everyne is afraid f him. Becky is pretty with fair hair, Je is Tm’s best friend, and Injun Je is the bad man f the stry.
3. Hw did peple feel when Tm appeared at his wn funeral?A. They were surprised and pleased.B. They were surprised and sad.C. They were wrried and excited.D. They were frightened and happy.
He decides t g t his wn funeral. He hides and watches fr a time, and then suddenly he appears. Everyne is surprised t see him but they’re als pleased t see him alive.
4. The whle bk is mainly abut.A. freedm and scial rulesB. children’s bad behaviurC. the grwth f yung childrenD. strangers in American small twns.
The theme f the stry is abut children grwing up. It describes hw strangers are seen in small twns f America. Finally, it takes abut freedm, scial rules and hw peple are punished (惩罚) fr bad behaviur.
5. The writer writes the article t. A. ask us t read the bkB. tell us hw ppular the bk is tdayC. tell us when Mark Twain wrte the stryD. tell us why the stry sunds very real
Tday it’s thught t be ne f the greatest bks in American literature. G n — read it! I knw yu’ll enjy it, t.
我们怎样做才能提高阅读成绩呢？
坚持以下原则：定量---坚持定时做一定量的练习；耐心---对于每篇文章都要耐心地看下去；忽略---要学会忽略遇到的生词，不要逐字读文章，遇到不影响理解的生词跳过去；学习方法---在老师讲解的过程中注意老师所讲的解题方法，学会如何有针对性地在文章中找答案，有意识地分析为什么有些题型总是会错，并试着找些类似的题目多加练习。
1. 理解文章后找出相应答案，并用英语表述出来；2. 我们所要完成的任务包括回答问题、填写表格、将一句英文翻译成中文、偶尔会要求把一句英文排列成正确的语序、猜测某个词在句中的意思。
有的问题的答案可以直接在文章中找到，但是我们需要付出足够的耐心；有的问题的答案需要我们将有关信息重新组合一下，因此我们必须细心思考；有的问题要我们表达自己的观点，需要我们简单明了地表述出来。将英文译成中文时要注意符合中文的语言习惯，不能简单地按照英文的顺序翻译。
In a cuntry such as the United States, peple with different histry, culture and language jin tgether and they pay much attentin t persnal ideas. Teachers try t make each student special. Students d nt have t remember a lt f infrmatin. Instead, they wrk and find answers by themselves. ① D students in the United States have t remember a lt f infrmatin?
There is ften discussin in the classrm. At an early age students learn t have their wn ideas. Their educatin encurages persnal thught. The imprtance is placed n hw t arrive at an answer and nt nly t get the crrect answer.②There is ften discussin in the classrm in America, isn’t there?③ What des the educatin in the United States encurage?
Persnal thught.
In mst Asian cuntries, peple have the same language, histry and culture. Perhaps fr this reasn, the educatin there pays mre attentin t grup gals than persnal ideas. Children in China and Japan ften wrk tgether and help each ther n hmewrk.④ Which des the educatin in sme Asian cuntries pay mre attentin t, grup gals r persnal ideas?
⑤Put the sentence “In sme Asian cuntries, hwever, teachers ften feel that their jb is t pass knwledge t students. ” int Chinese.
然而，在一些亚洲国家，老师们觉得他们的工作就是把知识传递给学生。
Our lcal cmmunity (社区）Yuth Club is a very ppular rganizatin with yung peple in my twn. I have been a member fr fur years nw and I've taken part in a lt f interesting prjects. These include fun activities such as hliday camps and discs. We have even made a vide. But it isn’t all just enjyment. We have als started ding scial wrk t help peple in ur neighbrhd. We have rganized activities r small children during the hlidays. We have als frmed a special supprt grup t help yung peple stp smking .
We are particularly prud f the mst recent grup we have created. It rganizes regular visits t the lcal hme fr the elderly. This idea came frm a schl visit t a hme fr the elderly. My class spent an afternn at the hme and everyne fund the visit very rewarding (有意义的). The ld peple at the hme were excited by ur visits. They were very talkative (健谈的) and they tld us their persnal stries. During ur visit, the hme was full f the sund f laughter. We sang sngs and played games with the ld peple and had tea tgether. But we realized that life wasn’t always easy.
Sme f them were in pr health and were very unhappy. They culdn’t g utside and the visits by children brught sme sunshine int their lives. Many yung peple like me have very little cntact with elderly peple. As a result, we have a lt f wrng ideas abut them. We have little r n idea f the kind f lives they lead in the hmes. After this visit, my friends and I decided we shuld d smething t help imprve the quality f their lives.
Since the creatin f ur visiting grup, ver twenty vlunteers have jined us. Up t nw, we have rganized three grup evening parties and a cncert. But I think the individual (单独的）visits are the mst imprtant. Club members regularly visit ld peple and everyne finds the experience rich and rewarding.
Our lcal cmmunity (社区）Yuth Club is a very ppular rganizatin with yung peple in my twn. I have been a member fr fur years nw and I've taken part in a lt f interesting prjects. Is the writer a member f the Yuth Club? Yes.
2. Hw did the ld peple feel by the children’s visit? The ld peple felt excited by the children’s visit./ Excited.
The ld peple at the hme were excited by ur visits. They were very talkative (健谈的) and they tld us their persnal stries. During ur visit, the hme was full f the sund f laughter. We sang sngs and played games with the ld peple and had tea tgether.
Many yung peple like me have very little cntact with elderly peple. As a result, we have a lt f wrng ideas abut them. We have little r n idea f the kind f lives they lead in the hmes.3. Why d yung peple have wrng ideas abut the elderly?Because yung peple have little cntact with the elderly.
We have little r n idea f the kind f lives they lead in the hmes. After this visit, my friends and I decided we shuld d smething t help imprve the quality f their lives.4. What did the writer and his friends decide t d after the visit t the hme fr the elderly?T d smething t help imprve the quality f the ld peple’s lives.
5. Put the sentence “ They culdn’t g utside and the visit by children brught sme sunshine int their lives.” int Chinese.这些老人不能外出，孩子们的来访给他们的生活带来了阳光。
同学们在答题时需要注意以下几点：
回答问题要答在要点上，不要啰嗦（有时写多了反而写错了）；翻译句子时一定要注意符合中文的语言习惯，不能就英文的字面翻译。排序时先把自己最熟悉的词组写下来。你只要能写出两、三个词组，那么这个句子也就基本上出来了；
不论是主观阅读还是客观阅读，它们都是以篇章的形式出现，因此，我们必须在阅读时把它看作一个整体，在理解全文大意的前提下有针对性地挖掘细节内容。对于需要我们总结或猜测的题目，不能局限在这句话或这个段落中，一定要看上下文，如果不确定就重新看一下全文（找首尾段和其他段落的主题句）。