2022高考特殊句式课件PPT

这是一份2022高考特殊句式课件PPT，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了考情分析，真题感悟，重点知识梳理，倒装句，高频考点四 　省略，主谓一致等内容，欢迎下载使用。

从近几年高考试题来看，特殊句式主要考查倒装句、省略句和强调句的用法。命题的着重点在以下几个方面：1．考查倒装句式，特别注意以下三种情况：(1)含有否定意义的词置于句首时，部分倒装。(2)nly位于句首修饰状语等，部分倒装。(3)句型中，s/such位于句首时，后面的主句倒装，that从句不倒装。
2．考查省略句的构成，尤其是以下四种情况：(1)省略主语、主语和谓语、主语和谓语的一部分。(2)状语从句省略为“连词＋非谓语动词”形式，务必要明确句子主语与非谓语动词的逻辑关系以及非谓语动词与谓语的时间关系。(3)不定式的省略。(4)nt，s，neither，nr的“替代性”省略。
3．考查强调句型的构成和强调谓语的方法。近几年高考更加注重考查知识之间的交叉现象，加大了综合考查语法知识的力度，以下几个方面要引起高度重视：(1)强调句型的一般疑问句式和特殊疑问句式的构成。(2)强调句型的特殊构成方式。(3)把强调句型与定语从句、省略句以及强调句型与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考查等融合到一起考查学生综合把握语法知识的能力。
1.（2019·新课标I卷）Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.2．(2019·天津卷)The prfessr warned the students that n n accunt ________ use mbile phnes in his class.A．shuld they B．they shuld C．dare they D．they dare
(一)完全倒装(Full Inversin)
谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有：1．表示方式、方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, dwn, in, away, ff, ut, in the rm, n the wall等，置于句首，且主语是名词时。如：In a lecture hall f a university in England sits a prfessr.在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。Suth f the river lies a small factry.一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。
2．such置于句首时。如：Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.这就是艾伯特·爱因斯坦，一个朴实的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。
(二)部分倒装(Partial Inversin)
只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有三种：1．nly修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如：Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。Only when he returned did we find ut the truth.只有当他回来时，我们才查明了真相。
使用特点：(1)在部分倒装句中，如果谓语部分无助动词，则须找助动词来“帮助”它构成倒装句。如：(×)Only after the war learned he the sad news.(√)Only after the war did he learn the sad news.只是在战后他才知道那个悲惨的消息。
(2)nly修饰状语从句时，从句不可倒装。如：(×)Only when did he return did we find ut the truth.(√)Only when he returned did we find ut the truth.只有当他回来的时候，我们才查明了真相。(3)nly修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如：(×)Only can he answer the questin.(√)Only he can answer the questin.只有他能回答这个问题。
2．否定副词never, nr, nt, hardly, little, seldm, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at n time, under/in n circumstances, in n case, by n means, n n cnditin等置于句首时。如：Never befre have I seen such a mving film.＝I have never seen such a mving film befre.以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。Nt a single mistake did he make.＝He didn't make a single mistake.他一个错也没犯。
3．七个重要的固定句型：＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也是如此”。如：They lve having lts f friends; s d thse with disabilities.他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。(或nr)＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也不这样”。如：Lily can't ride; neither (或nr) can Lucy. 莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。
此句型中的neither(或nr)不可用替代，但可用改写。如：(×)I have never been abrad. S hasn't he.(√)I have never been abrad. Neither/Nr has he.(√)I have never been abrad. He has never/nt been abrad, either.我没出过国，他也没有。
S＋adj.＋adj.＋＋that...“如此……以至于……”。如：S clearly des he speak English that he can always make himself understd.他说英语如此清晰以至于别人都听得懂。【警示】在这个句型中，s/such引导的句子要倒装，而that引导的句子不倒装。
Neither...，nr...“……不……，……也不……”。如：Neither d I knw it, nr d I care abut it. 我不知道，也不关心。【警示】由于neither和nr都是否定词，所以其后面的分句均需倒装。
Nt nly...，but als...“不仅……而且……”。如：Nt nly will help be given t peple t find jbs, but als medical treatment will be prvided fr peple wh need it.不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。【警示】此句型也可写成Nt 或Nt well的形式，但but (als)引导的句子必须用正常语序。
(6)Nt until...“直到……才……”。如：Nt until he returned did we have supper.直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。【警示】①这句话可以改写成：We didn't have supper until he returned.再如：Nt until 400 in the mrning can he fall asleep.＝He can't fall asleep until 400 in the mrning.直到凌晨4点他才睡着。②如果nt until引导的是句子，until从句不可倒装，只是主句需要倒装。
(7)，n “刚……就……”等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began t cry.他一听到这个消息就哭了。
(三)形式倒装(Frmal Inversin)
形式上的倒装在语法上称为前置。它的特点是，只把强调的内容提至句首，主谓并不倒装。这样的结构较多，但尤其要注意as, thugh引导让步状语从句时采用形式倒装的情况。1．表语的倒装Tired as/thugh he was, he still went n with his wrk.尽管他很累，他还是继续工作。2．谓语动词的倒装Try as he might，he didn't pass the exam.尽管很用功，但他考试还是不及格。
3．状语的倒装 Much as he likes the bike, he desn't want t buy it.他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。
【警示】如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。如：Child as he is, he knws a lt.尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。Yungest as he is in ur class, he speaks English the best.他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但英语说得最好。
高频考点二、考查倒装句
例2．(2019·天津卷)The prfessr warned the students that n n accunt ________ use mbile phnes in his class.A．shuld they B．they shuld C．dare they D．they dare【举一反三】（2017江苏） _______ nt fr the supprt f the teachers, the student culd nt vercme her difficulty. A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it
【变式探究】Nt until recently ______the develpment f turist-related activities in the rural areas.A. they had encuragedB. had they encuragedC. did they encurageD. they encuraged【变式探究】N sner ________ stepped n the stage than the audience brke int thunderus applause.A. had M Yan B. M Yan had C. has M Yan D. M Yan has【举一反三】Only when yu can find peace in yur heart _____gd relatinships with thers.A. will yu keep B. yu will keep C. yu keptD. did yu keep
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余成分
(一)强调人时可用wh/that来连接，强调事物时用that来连接。被强调的可以是单词、短语，也可以是从句，但结构必须完整。被强调的成分可以是主语、宾语和状语，但不能是定语或谓语。如：It is I wh/that am right. 我才是对的。(强调主语)
(二)强调句的特殊句式
Was it in 1939 that the Secnd Wrld War brke ut?第二次世界大战是在1939年爆发的吗？When was it that yu called me yesterday?你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？What is it that yu want me t d?你要我做什么？I didn't realize she was a famus film star until she tk ff her dark glasses.→It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I realized she was a famus film star.直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。
(三)用助动词d，des或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，d还可以用于祈使句。D be careful while crssing the street.过马路时一定要当心。
高频考点一、考查强调句型
【2018·天津】It was nly when the car pulled up in frnt f ur huse ___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.A. which B. that C. when D. where【变式探究】（2017天津）It was when I gt back t my apartment ______ I first came acrss my new neighbrs.A. wh B. where C. which D. that【变式探究】Yu are waiting at a wrng place.It is at the htel ___ the cach picks up turists.
【变式探究】 Was it because Jack came late fr schl ______ Mr. Smith gt angry?A. why B. wh C. where D. that【举一反三】It was nly after he had read the papers ________ Mr. Grss realized the task befre him was extremely difficult t cmplete.A．when B．that C．which D．what
(一)定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whm常可以省略。(二)状语从句中的省略现象1．当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。Once (he was) a teacher, he nw wrks in a gvernment ffice.While (I was) walking alng the street, I heard my name called.当我正在沿着大街走时，我听见有人叫我的名字。The exhibitin is mre interesting than (it was) expected.展览比预料的更有趣。He pened his lips as if (he were) t speak.他张了张嘴好像有话要说。
（二）．当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if, unless, when, whenever)＋形容词。如：Unless (it is) necessary, yu'd better nt refer t the dictinary.如果没必要，你最好别查词典。另外，我们还可以用s或nt代替上文内容，此时可有“if＋s/nt”省略句式：If s和If nt。He may nt be at hme then. If s (If he is nt at hme), leave him a nte.他那时也许不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留下个便条。
(三)不定式的省略1．单独使用不定式符号t，代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expect, frget, hpe, intend, like, lve, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后边。如：I asked him t see the film, but he didn't want t.2．否定形式的省略用nt t。—Shall I g instead f him?我可以代替他去吗？—I prefer yu nt t.我宁可你不去。
（四）宾语从句中的省略1．由which, when, where, hw和why引导的宾语从句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引导词。Please pass me ne f these bks, I dn't care which(yu pass me)．请递给我一本书，随便哪一本。He will cme back, but he desn't knw when (he will cme back)．他会回来的，但他不知道什么时候回来。
2．由that引导的宾语从句，连词that可省略，若带有多个宾语从句，只有第一个that可省略，其余不能。He said (that) the text was very imprtant and that we shuld learn it by heart.他说这篇课文非常重要，我们应该背下来。
例4． Vide games can be a pr influence if ________ in the wrng hands.A．t leave B．leaving C．leave D．left【举一反三】If ________ fr the jb，yu’ll be infrmed sn.A．t accept B．accept C．accepting D．accepted【变式探究】The climate here is quite pleasant，the temperature rarely，________，reaching 30℃ in summer.A．if nt B．if ever C．if any D．if s
【变式探究】The driver wanted t park his car near the radside but was asked by the plice ___．A．nt t d B．nt t C．nt d D．d nt
(一)并列主语的主谓一致1．两个单数名词用and连接，表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：Tm and Jack were clse friends. 汤姆和杰克是亲密的朋友。2．两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人、同一物、同一个概念或表示不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：The singer and dancer is t attend ur evening party. 那位歌舞演员将参加我们的晚会。
3．被every, each, many a, n等限定的单数名词由and连接时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。其中，后一个限定词可省略。如：Each by and (each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。
4．一个单数名词被几个用and连接的并列形容词修饰时，可以指一件事或几件事，这种名词作主语，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：What he says and des d nt agree.他言行不一致。Simple and plain living is a fine quality.生活俭朴是一种优良的品质。English and American literature are appealing t her.英国文学和美国文学都对她有吸引力。5．由and连接的两个what从句作主语时，要根据意义一致的原则决定谓语动词的数。如：What he says and des des nt cncern me.他的言行与我无关。
6．由r, nr, ，, nt (als)连接的并列主语，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词的单复数形式要和与它邻近的主语的数保持一致。One r tw friends are cming this evening.今天晚上有一两个朋友要来。Neither I nr he is in favur f her marriage.我和他都不赞成她的婚姻。7．“单数名词＋with, alng with, tgether with, as well as, rather than, as much as, but, except等＋名词”作主语时，谓语仍用单数形式。 如：Dr. Smith, tgether with his wife, is t arrive n the evening flight.Nbdy but ne teacher and three students was in the labratry.
(二)某些名词作主语时的主谓一致1．集体名词family, class, crew, team, grup, public, audience, crwd, gvernment, cmmittee等作主语时，动词的单复数形式要根据主语所指的意义而定。当把集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词常用单数形式；如果指其中各个成员时，谓语动词常用复数形式。如：The class cnsists f 25 bys and 20 girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。The class are ding experiments.全班学生正在做实验。
2．由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如trusers, pants, jeans, cmpasses, glasses, shes等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair f或 f来修饰，谓语动词的数往往取决于pair的单复数形式。如：Yur glasses are very nice.你的眼镜很漂亮。This pair f trusers is mine.这条裤子是我的。
(三)数词与量词作主语的主谓一致1．表示时间、重量、距离、价格、体积等的名词的复数形式作主语，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Twenty years is a lng time in ne's life.20年在人的一生中是很长的一段时间。2．分数和百分数修饰可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数取决于它们表示的意义。试比较：Abut ne third f the bks are wrth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得读一读。
3．有“kind(frm, type, srt, species, prtin, series) f”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式常取决于这些词的单复数。如：This new type f buses is n shw.这种新型的公共汽车现在正在展出。All kinds f difficulties have t be vercme.必须克服各种各样的困难。4．如果主语由“many a/mre than ne＋单数名词”构成，谓语动词常用单数。如：Many a page in this bk is missing.这本书缺了许多页。
5．a quantity f及quantities f后既可接复数名词，亦可接不可数名词；a quantity f...作主语时谓语动词的单数形式取决于后面的名词是否可数；而quantities f...作主语时谓语总用复数形式。如：With mre frests being destryed, a large quantity f gd earth is being washed away each year.＝With mre frests being destryed, quantities f gd earth are being washed away each year.随着越来越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被冲走了。
(四)从句中的主谓一致1．在用it作形式主语的句子中和在用it构成的强调句型中，谓语动词常用单数。如：It isn't bvius which rute wuld be the best.哪条路线会是最好的还不明显。It was he wh taught us English last year.去年是他教我们英语。(强调句型)
高频考点三 主谓一致
例3．【2019·江苏卷】 22.The musician alng with his band members ___________ ten perfrmances in the last three mnths.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【举一反三】(2017·江苏卷)The publicatin f Great Expectatins，which________bth widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading nvelist.A．is B．are C．was D．were【举一反三】It is imprtant t remember that success ________ a sum f small effrts made each day and ften ________ years t achieve.A．is；takes B．are；takes C．are；take D．is；take
【变式探究】The scientists claimed that nly nw and then ________ this kind f bird living in the wild.A．they culd see B．culd they seeC．they have seen D．have they seen【变式探究】Amng the biggest prblems facing thse remte muntainus villages ________ the lack f experienced teachers.A．is B．are C．is there D．are there
知识点五、其他特殊句式
(一)祈使句的固定句式1．祈使句＋and＋简单句表示“如果……就……”2．祈使句＋r＋简单句表示“……否则……”(二)感叹句的固定句式1．What a(an)＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！2．What＋形容词＋复数名词＋主语＋谓语！3．Hw＋形容词＋a(an)＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！4．Hw＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
高频考点五 其他特殊句式
例5．(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situatin, simply ________ the buttn and a highly－trained agent will get yu the help yu need.A．press B．t press C．pressing D．pressed【举一反三】—I spent tw weeks in Lndn last summer.—Then yu must have visited the British Museum during yur stay，________ yu?A．mustn’t B．haven’t C．didn’t D．hadn’t