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高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science学案
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这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 3 The world of science学案，共9页。
阅读教材P32－33中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What's the main idea f the passage?
A．Franklin's cntributin t science.
B．Franklin's experiment with lightning.
C．Questining Franklin's stry f the experiment.
D．Franklin's spirit f scientific explratin.
2．Frm the first tw paragraphs，what d we knw abut the experiment?
A．Only Franklin wanted t knw the relatin between electricity and lightning.
B．Franklin taught many children abut his findings in different schls.
C．Peple had already knwn the cause f lightning befre Franklin's experiment.
D．As a scientist Franklin was admired fr his attitude t science.
3．What peple are inspired fr in Franklin's stry?
A．His bravery and apprach.
B．The kite with a key tied t the string.
C．The strmy weather with lightning.
D．His tuching n the metal key.
4．In which aspect Franklin's experiment was NOT true?
A．His stry and the details f the experiment.
B．His bravery and his scientific apprach.
C．The key tied t the string f the kite.
D．His death frm the electric shck.
5．What d we knw abut Newtn's stry?
A．The scientists didn't see the apple falling n Newtn's head.
B．Scientists like t questin everything arund them.
C．N ne can prve the apple really hit Newtn n the head.
D．The falling apple inspired Newtn t think deeply abut why.
[答案] 1－5 CDAAD
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) instance n．例子，实例
(教材P29) Fr instance，sme restaurants in Lndn have served 3Dprinted hamburgers t custmers.
例如，在伦敦，一些餐馆已经向顾客提供3D打印出来的汉堡了。
[例1] In many instances peple were left withut any mney at all.
在很多情况下，人们会落到身无分文的地步。
[例2] What wuld yu d，fr instance，if yu fund a member f staff stealing?
比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？
[造句] 很多地方都有了改进，比如鼠标的两个按键。
There are a number f imprvements，fr instance，the muse buttns.
[知识拓展]
fr instance 例如；譬如
in the first instance 首先；第一步
at sb.'s instance 经某人请求；在某人的敦促下
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In mst instances (instance)，there will be n need fr further treatment.
②In the first instance yur child will be seen by an ear，nse，and thrat specialist.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) injure v．伤害；使受伤；损害；伤害(名誉、自尊等)
(教材P29) And it is nt just humans wh are benefiting — in Brazil, peple have given a new 3Dprinted shell t a turtle injured in a frest fire!
并且不仅仅是人类正在受益，在巴西，人们已经给一只在森林大火中受伤的海龟换上了一个3D打印出来的龟壳。
[例1] It's nt lawful t kill r injure a pet animal.
杀死或伤害宠物也是违法的。
[例2] Three peple were killed and five injured in the crash.
撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。
[造句] 这会严重损害学校的声誉。
This culd seriusly injure the schl's reputatin.
[知识拓展]
injury n． 伤害；损伤；受伤处
injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 受伤的人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The injury (injure)was quite painful and I culdn't mve my arm fr a mnth—I hated that.
②The wman injured (injury) in the car crash is still under treatment in hspital.
[小片段填空]
An injured man was taken t the hspital，where the dctrs fund he suffered severe injuries t the head and arms and they wndered wh had injured him.
一个受伤的人被送到了医院，在那里医生发现他的头部和胳膊都受到了严重的伤害，他们想知道是谁伤害了他。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) (教材P30) A muntain n the Mn and a minr planet are named after him.
月球上的一座山和一个小星球都是以他的名字命名的。
(1)minr adj.次要的；不重要的；小的
[例1] There are sme very minr changes in wrds and punctuatin.
在用词与标点方面有一些非常小的变化。
[例2] They played a relatively minr rle in the rganizatin.
在这个组织中他们发挥的作用相对较小。
[造句] 在这个组织中，这位老师发挥着相对次要的作用。
The teacher played a relatively minr rle in the rganizatin.
[知识拓展]
minrity n． 少数；少数民族
in the minrity 占少数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①British husehlds wh d nt have a car are nly in the minrity (minr)．
②Writing an article abut tw ethnic minrities(minrity)．
[小片段填空]
There are 55 minrities in ur cuntry and there are sme minr differences between them.That is t say，the differences between them are in the minrity．
我们国家有55个少数民族，他们之间有一些较小的差异。也就是说他们之间的差异占少数。
(2)be named after以……命名
[例1] Bill was brn after his father died ne mnth later and was named after his father.
比尔在父亲去世后一个月出生，以其父亲的名字命名。
[例2] His name will remain unfrgtten，fr the greatest building was named after him.
他的名字不会被忘记，因为那座宏伟的建筑是以他的名字命名的。
[造句] 这座桥是用那位献出了生命的英雄的名字命名的。
The bridge was named after the her wh gave his life.
[知识拓展]
in the name f 以……的名义；代表
under the name (f) 用……的别名
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are many schls and hspitals named (name) after the great man Sha Yifu.
②I wuld like t give yu sme advice in the name f a friend.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) apart frm 除……之外
(教材P32) Apart frm being a successful statesman，he was als well knwn as a leading American authr，printer and publisher，successful diplmat，creative scientist and inventr.
除了是个成功的政治家以外，富兰克林也因为下面的身份而知名：一流的美国作家、印刷和出版商、成功的外交家、有创意的科学家和发明家。
[例1] Apart frm prviding warmth，what was fire used fr?
除了提供温暖之外，火还是用来做什么的？
[例2] This essay is gd apart frm a cuple f spelling mistakes.
除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。
[造句] 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
What ther sprts d yu like apart frm ftball?
[知识拓展]
apart frm后接名词、代词或v.ing作宾语。具有双重含义，既可以相当于except(fr)/but，意为“除……以外，没有……，”又可以相当于besides/in additin t，意为“除……以外，还有……”。
in additin/besides另外，此外
区分开……
except fr 除……以外(除整体情况外，对细节加以纠正)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Apart frm caring(care)fr her children，she has t take n sme heavy timecnsuming husewrk.
②It's easy t tell my pills apart because they're all different clurs.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) attach vt.系；贴；连接
(教材P32) A metal key was attached t the string.
一个金属钥匙被拴在了绳子上。
[例1] He will attach the label t what yu rder.
他会把标签贴在你订购的东西上。
[例2] They've attached a number f cnditins t the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了一些条件。
[造句] 他把马拴在了树上小睡了一会儿。
He attached his hrse t a tree and tk a nap.
[知识拓展]
attachment n． 附件，依恋
be attached t 固定在……；依恋；附属于
attach imprtance t 重视
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our gvernment attaches(attach) much imprtance t educatin nw，which enables s many peple t be welleducated.
②Peple with disabilities can g anywhere using hightech cameras attached (attach) t their head.
[小片段填空]
The yung by is studying in the senir high that is attached t Shandng University.He attaches great imprtance t learning bilgy and hpes t becme a scientist like Tu Yuyu.Every day he attaches sme small pieces f paper t his desk where there are many key pints frm the textbk.
这个男孩子在山东大学附属高中读书，他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠呦呦那样的科学家。每天他都把课本上的知识点写在小纸片上，然后贴在书桌上。
Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) make＋宾语＋宾补结构
(教材P32) Fr example，the title “Franklin's Experiment：Hw Much Is True？”makes it clear what questin is being answered within the essay.
例如题目“富兰克林的实验：真实性有多少？”表明了文章里面要回答的问题。
句式分析：make it clear 是“make＋宾语十宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的that从句。
[例1] The plice fficer made it clear that they were letting him g n the grund that he was t ld.
警官明确表示，他们让他走的理由是他年纪太大了。
[例2] I have t make it clear that we have ne key prblem：that is technlgy.
我想说清楚一点，我们的关键问题是技术问题。
[造句] 我想明确地说明我和这事没关系。
I'd like t make it clear that I had nthing t d with this.
[知识拓展]
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”是一个常用句式。make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，如果宾语较长，且宾语后面有补语时，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。
与make用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，cnsider等。
该句型为：make/find/feel/think/cnsider＋it＋adj./n.＋ thatclause/(fr sb.)t d sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We must make it a duty t prtect ur cmmn glbal envirnment.
②The rain made it mre difficult fr us t finish (finish) the wrk n time.
③We think it nt right(认为是不对的) that a child shuld be left alne in the huse.
④We fund it difficult(觉得困难) t explain t him what happened.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 既不……也不……
(教材P33) Hwever，neither the stry nr the details f the experiment are entirely true.
然而故事和实验的细节都不完全真实。
句式分析：表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。
[例1] Neither dad nr mum believes ne wrd that yu are saying.
爸爸妈妈都不相信你说的任何一句话。
[例2] She likes neither butter nr cheese.
她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。
[造句] 他既不知道也不关心发生了什么。
He neither knws nr cares what happened.
[知识拓展]
(1)当连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。
(2)若将句型变为肯定句，只需把改为即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。
(3)还可以单独使用neither作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(4)neither或nr还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nr进行简略回答。
其结构为：Neither / Nr＋助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词＋主语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I hadn't been t New Yrk befre and neither had Jane.
②He cannt see and nr culd he hear until ne mnth ag.
③ Neither f them(他俩任何一个都不) had any idea hw lng the bk had been kept.
④I haven't been t my father's hmetwn and neither has my sister(我姐姐也没有)．
推理判断题
提分技巧：推理判断题中也含有对细节的理解，考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。首先要定位信息。通过速读找到题目和文章中相对应的信息点；其次是字面理解。理解相关信息点的字面意思；最后是深层理解。结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思考，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C节选)
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years，but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging.When the wrld was still ppulated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther.Sme language experts believe that 10，000 years ag，when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple，they spke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.
...
28．What can we infer abut languages in huntergatherer times?
A．They develped very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were clsely cnnected.
B [根据本段最后一句“Sme language experts believe that 10，000 years ag，when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple，they spke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。]
[即学即练]
请迅速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的推理信息。
At the age f 4，I began attending the chir at St.James Church.My mther decided that jining the chir wuld prvide me with musical instructin.I was initially jined by a lt f kids at St.James，making chir a fun，scial task，but as I grew lder，ne by ne，my friends began drpping ut.
St.James was situated n the Upper East Side，ne f the fanciest areas in New Yrk，while I came frm the Brklyn neighbrhd f Bushwick.Sme children at the chir prudly shwed ff the signs f their gd educatin whse cst was nearly as much as my mther's yearly wage，while I wre my unifrm f jeans and a Tshirt.They knew me as the girl frm Brklyn，the christer wh went t public schl.This discrepancy(差异) made me very uncmfrtable.
I begged my mm t let me fllw the path f my friends，but she replied with a “n”．As the years went n，I cntinued t bther my mther.Her answers began t lessen in severity.She said “Just d it fr ne mre year” r “Are yu sure？” Nt seeing much hpe，I began t withdraw my cnstant requests.Gradually I enjyed finding my vice every week in church.After years in the chir，peple started t acknwledge me fr my vice rather than my address and I began t appreciate music and my habitual cmplaints abut the chir were cmpletely gne.
Thrugh the chir，I learned that if yu cntinue with smething lng enugh，yu will receive sme srt f benefit frm it and maybe even grw t lve it.Because f the chir，I fund my vice in a small church.Because f the chir，I am willing t g wherever life will take me with an pen mind.
★Hw did the authr's mther react t her repeated requests?
A．She didn't refuse them flatly.
B．She was very angry abut them.
C．She agreed t them cmpletely.
D．She simply ignred them.
A [推理判断题。由第三段中的“she replied with a ‘n’，‘Just d it fr ne mre year’ r ‘Are yu sure？’”可知，在作者提出想退出唱诗班时，作者的母亲起初态度坚决，在作者的一再请求下，母亲没有断然拒绝，态度有所缓和，但仍希望她坚持下去。]
阅读教材P32－33中的材料，选出最佳选项
1．What's the main idea f the passage?
A．Franklin's cntributin t science.
B．Franklin's experiment with lightning.
C．Questining Franklin's stry f the experiment.
D．Franklin's spirit f scientific explratin.
2．Frm the first tw paragraphs，what d we knw abut the experiment?
A．Only Franklin wanted t knw the relatin between electricity and lightning.
B．Franklin taught many children abut his findings in different schls.
C．Peple had already knwn the cause f lightning befre Franklin's experiment.
D．As a scientist Franklin was admired fr his attitude t science.
3．What peple are inspired fr in Franklin's stry?
A．His bravery and apprach.
B．The kite with a key tied t the string.
C．The strmy weather with lightning.
D．His tuching n the metal key.
4．In which aspect Franklin's experiment was NOT true?
A．His stry and the details f the experiment.
B．His bravery and his scientific apprach.
C．The key tied t the string f the kite.
D．His death frm the electric shck.
5．What d we knw abut Newtn's stry?
A．The scientists didn't see the apple falling n Newtn's head.
B．Scientists like t questin everything arund them.
C．N ne can prve the apple really hit Newtn n the head.
D．The falling apple inspired Newtn t think deeply abut why.
[答案] 1－5 CDAAD
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) instance n．例子，实例
(教材P29) Fr instance，sme restaurants in Lndn have served 3Dprinted hamburgers t custmers.
例如，在伦敦，一些餐馆已经向顾客提供3D打印出来的汉堡了。
[例1] In many instances peple were left withut any mney at all.
在很多情况下，人们会落到身无分文的地步。
[例2] What wuld yu d，fr instance，if yu fund a member f staff stealing?
比如说，如果你发现有职员偷东西，你会怎么办？
[造句] 很多地方都有了改进，比如鼠标的两个按键。
There are a number f imprvements，fr instance，the muse buttns.
[知识拓展]
fr instance 例如；譬如
in the first instance 首先；第一步
at sb.'s instance 经某人请求；在某人的敦促下
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①In mst instances (instance)，there will be n need fr further treatment.
②In the first instance yur child will be seen by an ear，nse，and thrat specialist.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) injure v．伤害；使受伤；损害；伤害(名誉、自尊等)
(教材P29) And it is nt just humans wh are benefiting — in Brazil, peple have given a new 3Dprinted shell t a turtle injured in a frest fire!
并且不仅仅是人类正在受益，在巴西，人们已经给一只在森林大火中受伤的海龟换上了一个3D打印出来的龟壳。
[例1] It's nt lawful t kill r injure a pet animal.
杀死或伤害宠物也是违法的。
[例2] Three peple were killed and five injured in the crash.
撞车事故中有三人死亡，五人受伤。
[造句] 这会严重损害学校的声誉。
This culd seriusly injure the schl's reputatin.
[知识拓展]
injury n． 伤害；损伤；受伤处
injured adj. 受伤的
the injured 受伤的人
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①The injury (injure)was quite painful and I culdn't mve my arm fr a mnth—I hated that.
②The wman injured (injury) in the car crash is still under treatment in hspital.
[小片段填空]
An injured man was taken t the hspital，where the dctrs fund he suffered severe injuries t the head and arms and they wndered wh had injured him.
一个受伤的人被送到了医院，在那里医生发现他的头部和胳膊都受到了严重的伤害，他们想知道是谁伤害了他。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) (教材P30) A muntain n the Mn and a minr planet are named after him.
月球上的一座山和一个小星球都是以他的名字命名的。
(1)minr adj.次要的；不重要的；小的
[例1] There are sme very minr changes in wrds and punctuatin.
在用词与标点方面有一些非常小的变化。
[例2] They played a relatively minr rle in the rganizatin.
在这个组织中他们发挥的作用相对较小。
[造句] 在这个组织中，这位老师发挥着相对次要的作用。
The teacher played a relatively minr rle in the rganizatin.
[知识拓展]
minrity n． 少数；少数民族
in the minrity 占少数
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①British husehlds wh d nt have a car are nly in the minrity (minr)．
②Writing an article abut tw ethnic minrities(minrity)．
[小片段填空]
There are 55 minrities in ur cuntry and there are sme minr differences between them.That is t say，the differences between them are in the minrity．
我们国家有55个少数民族，他们之间有一些较小的差异。也就是说他们之间的差异占少数。
(2)be named after以……命名
[例1] Bill was brn after his father died ne mnth later and was named after his father.
比尔在父亲去世后一个月出生，以其父亲的名字命名。
[例2] His name will remain unfrgtten，fr the greatest building was named after him.
他的名字不会被忘记，因为那座宏伟的建筑是以他的名字命名的。
[造句] 这座桥是用那位献出了生命的英雄的名字命名的。
The bridge was named after the her wh gave his life.
[知识拓展]
in the name f 以……的名义；代表
under the name (f) 用……的别名
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①There are many schls and hspitals named (name) after the great man Sha Yifu.
②I wuld like t give yu sme advice in the name f a friend.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) apart frm 除……之外
(教材P32) Apart frm being a successful statesman，he was als well knwn as a leading American authr，printer and publisher，successful diplmat，creative scientist and inventr.
除了是个成功的政治家以外，富兰克林也因为下面的身份而知名：一流的美国作家、印刷和出版商、成功的外交家、有创意的科学家和发明家。
[例1] Apart frm prviding warmth，what was fire used fr?
除了提供温暖之外，火还是用来做什么的？
[例2] This essay is gd apart frm a cuple f spelling mistakes.
除了有些拼写错误，这篇文章写得不错。
[造句] 除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？
What ther sprts d yu like apart frm ftball?
[知识拓展]
apart frm后接名词、代词或v.ing作宾语。具有双重含义，既可以相当于except(fr)/but，意为“除……以外，没有……，”又可以相当于besides/in additin t，意为“除……以外，还有……”。
in additin/besides另外，此外
区分开……
except fr 除……以外(除整体情况外，对细节加以纠正)
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Apart frm caring(care)fr her children，she has t take n sme heavy timecnsuming husewrk.
②It's easy t tell my pills apart because they're all different clurs.
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点5) attach vt.系；贴；连接
(教材P32) A metal key was attached t the string.
一个金属钥匙被拴在了绳子上。
[例1] He will attach the label t what yu rder.
他会把标签贴在你订购的东西上。
[例2] They've attached a number f cnditins t the agreement.
他们在协议上附加了一些条件。
[造句] 他把马拴在了树上小睡了一会儿。
He attached his hrse t a tree and tk a nap.
[知识拓展]
attachment n． 附件，依恋
be attached t 固定在……；依恋；附属于
attach imprtance t 重视
[即学即练] 单句语法填空
①Our gvernment attaches(attach) much imprtance t educatin nw，which enables s many peple t be welleducated.
②Peple with disabilities can g anywhere using hightech cameras attached (attach) t their head.
[小片段填空]
The yung by is studying in the senir high that is attached t Shandng University.He attaches great imprtance t learning bilgy and hpes t becme a scientist like Tu Yuyu.Every day he attaches sme small pieces f paper t his desk where there are many key pints frm the textbk.
这个男孩子在山东大学附属高中读书，他很重视生物的学习，想当一名像屠呦呦那样的科学家。每天他都把课本上的知识点写在小纸片上，然后贴在书桌上。
Sentence Patterns
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式1) make＋宾语＋宾补结构
(教材P32) Fr example，the title “Franklin's Experiment：Hw Much Is True？”makes it clear what questin is being answered within the essay.
例如题目“富兰克林的实验：真实性有多少？”表明了文章里面要回答的问题。
句式分析：make it clear 是“make＋宾语十宾补”结构的一种特殊形式，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为宾补后的that从句。
[例1] The plice fficer made it clear that they were letting him g n the grund that he was t ld.
警官明确表示，他们让他走的理由是他年纪太大了。
[例2] I have t make it clear that we have ne key prblem：that is technlgy.
我想说清楚一点，我们的关键问题是技术问题。
[造句] 我想明确地说明我和这事没关系。
I'd like t make it clear that I had nthing t d with this.
[知识拓展]
“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”是一个常用句式。make后的宾语是不定式或that从句或动名词，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，如果宾语较长，且宾语后面有补语时，这时往往把形式宾语it放在宾语的位置上，把真正的宾语放在后面。
与make用法相同的常用动词还有：find，feel，think，cnsider等。
该句型为：make/find/feel/think/cnsider＋it＋adj./n.＋ thatclause/(fr sb.)t d sth.
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①We must make it a duty t prtect ur cmmn glbal envirnment.
②The rain made it mre difficult fr us t finish (finish) the wrk n time.
③We think it nt right(认为是不对的) that a child shuld be left alne in the huse.
④We fund it difficult(觉得困难) t explain t him what happened.
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式2) 既不……也不……
(教材P33) Hwever，neither the stry nr the details f the experiment are entirely true.
然而故事和实验的细节都不完全真实。
句式分析：表示“既不……也不……”。其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份。
[例1] Neither dad nr mum believes ne wrd that yu are saying.
爸爸妈妈都不相信你说的任何一句话。
[例2] She likes neither butter nr cheese.
她既不喜欢黄油也不喜欢乳酪。
[造句] 他既不知道也不关心发生了什么。
He neither knws nr cares what happened.
[知识拓展]
(1)当连接两个主语时，也应遵循“就近原则”。
(2)若将句型变为肯定句，只需把改为即可，同时谓语动词必须用复数形式。
(3)还可以单独使用neither作主语，表示“两者中没有一个”。
(4)neither或nr还有另外一种用法，就是当表达一个人没有做某事，另一个人也没做同一类事时，可用neither或nr进行简略回答。
其结构为：Neither / Nr＋助动词 / 情态动词 / be动词＋主语。
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①I hadn't been t New Yrk befre and neither had Jane.
②He cannt see and nr culd he hear until ne mnth ag.
③ Neither f them(他俩任何一个都不) had any idea hw lng the bk had been kept.
④I haven't been t my father's hmetwn and neither has my sister(我姐姐也没有)．
推理判断题
提分技巧：推理判断题中也含有对细节的理解，考查的内容虽然也属于原文细节，但它要求考生在原文的基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于由已知推断未知。首先要定位信息。通过速读找到题目和文章中相对应的信息点；其次是字面理解。理解相关信息点的字面意思；最后是深层理解。结合语境和常识，在理解字面意思的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推理的依据，进行正向或逆向思考，推断出隐含的深层含义，推断时要做到判断有据，推论有理。切忌主观臆断、过度推断、错误推断和以细节代替推断。
[典例] (2018·全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解C节选)
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years，but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging.When the wrld was still ppulated by huntergatherers，small，tightly knit (联系) grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther.Sme language experts believe that 10，000 years ag，when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple，they spke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.
...
28．What can we infer abut languages in huntergatherer times?
A．They develped very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were clsely cnnected.
B [根据本段最后一句“Sme language experts believe that 10，000 years ag，when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple，they spke perhaps 12，000 languages between them.”可推知，在狩猎时代，人口少，语言种类却很多，故选B。]
[即学即练]
请迅速找出下面段落中的针对该题目的推理信息。
At the age f 4，I began attending the chir at St.James Church.My mther decided that jining the chir wuld prvide me with musical instructin.I was initially jined by a lt f kids at St.James，making chir a fun，scial task，but as I grew lder，ne by ne，my friends began drpping ut.
St.James was situated n the Upper East Side，ne f the fanciest areas in New Yrk，while I came frm the Brklyn neighbrhd f Bushwick.Sme children at the chir prudly shwed ff the signs f their gd educatin whse cst was nearly as much as my mther's yearly wage，while I wre my unifrm f jeans and a Tshirt.They knew me as the girl frm Brklyn，the christer wh went t public schl.This discrepancy(差异) made me very uncmfrtable.
I begged my mm t let me fllw the path f my friends，but she replied with a “n”．As the years went n，I cntinued t bther my mther.Her answers began t lessen in severity.She said “Just d it fr ne mre year” r “Are yu sure？” Nt seeing much hpe，I began t withdraw my cnstant requests.Gradually I enjyed finding my vice every week in church.After years in the chir，peple started t acknwledge me fr my vice rather than my address and I began t appreciate music and my habitual cmplaints abut the chir were cmpletely gne.
Thrugh the chir，I learned that if yu cntinue with smething lng enugh，yu will receive sme srt f benefit frm it and maybe even grw t lve it.Because f the chir，I fund my vice in a small church.Because f the chir，I am willing t g wherever life will take me with an pen mind.
★Hw did the authr's mther react t her repeated requests?
A．She didn't refuse them flatly.
B．She was very angry abut them.
C．She agreed t them cmpletely.
D．She simply ignred them.
A [推理判断题。由第三段中的“she replied with a ‘n’，‘Just d it fr ne mre year’ r ‘Are yu sure？’”可知，在作者提出想退出唱诗班时，作者的母亲起初态度坚决，在作者的一再请求下，母亲没有断然拒绝，态度有所缓和，但仍希望她坚持下去。]
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