英语九年级【知识精讲】13.句法(17)肯定句和否定句 课件
展开陈述句: 陈述句是用来陈述一件事或表达一种看法,有肯定形式和否定形式,一般用降调来朗读,句末用句号。
主语+谓语主语:句子的主体,表示句子所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。
主语+谓语谓语:与主语密切相关的动作或状态,是对主语的叙述。用来说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语由动词来充当。1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。2、复合谓语:一般由两个部分构成。如:“助动词+实义动词”“情态动词+实义动词”“系表结构”等。
1、如果句子的谓语含有be动词(am, is, are, was, were)、助动词(will, shall, wuld, shuld, have, has, had)或情态动词(can, may, must等),其否定形式是在它们之后加nt构成。1) I am a student. → I am nt a student.2) They are blue . → They aren’t blue.3) He is Kangkang. → He isn’t Kangkang ..
4) He can help me. →He can't help me. 5) He will be back in tw days. →He wn't be back in tw days.6) He has already had lunch. → He hasn’t had lunch yet.
2、如果句子的谓语是实义动词,其否定形式是由“d/des/did+nt+动词原形”构成。谓语是动词原形,在动词前加dn’t。1) I have a bk .→ I dn’t have a bk.2) They like Chinese .→They dn’t like Chinese.3) We cme frm China.→We dn’t cme frm China.
谓语动词是第三人称单数,在动词前加desn’t,动词用原形。 1)She has a small muth. →She desn’t have a small muth.2)Maria likes China.→Maria desn’t like China.3)Jane cmes frm the →Jane desn’t cme frm the 谓语动词是动词过去式,在动词前加didn’t ,动词用原形。 He did his wrk yesterday. → He didn't d his wrk yesterday.
祈使句变否定句时,一般在句首加Dn't,但Let us或Let's开头的祈使句在 Let us或 Let's后加nt即可。如: Put them ver there.→Dn't put them ver there.Let us g hme.→Let us nt g hme.
主从复合句中,主句是I think,I believe等结构,变否定句时,形式上否定主句,实际上否定从句。如:I think . Chickens can ' t swim. I dn't think chickens can swim .我认为鸡不会游泳。
“had better +动词原形”,变否定句时为“had better nt +动词原形”。如:Yu'd better g t schl.→Yu'd better nt g t schl.
动词不定式变否定式时,常在不定式t前加nt。如:The teacher tells me t d it.→The teacher tells me nt t d it.
使役动词和感官动词(make,let,hear,see,watch等)后接省略t的不定式,此种不定式变否定句时只需在省略t的动词原形前加nt。如: I saw her wrk.→I saw her nt wrk.
特殊形式的否定句,有以下几种:(1)肯定句含有every-的合成词时,变否定句时改为n-。如: Everything is ready.→Nthing is ready.(2)肯定句中含有always,usually和ever时,变否定句时改为never。如: He is always late fr schl.→He is never late fr schl.(3)肯定句含有many,much时,变否定句时分别改为few,little。如: Many students knw him.→Few students knw him.
(4)肯定句中含有still时,变否定句时应改为n lnger。如:Tm is still in bed.→Tm is n lnger in bed.(5)肯定句含有bth, bth…and,all时,变否定句时应改为never,neither…nr,nne。如:Bth f us are students.→Neither f us is a student.
(6)肯定句含有nearly, almst时,变否定句时应改为 hardly。如: Lily nearly knws him .→Lily hardly knws him .(7)肯定句含有“形容词+ enugh”时,变为否定句时应改为“t +形容词的反义词”。如: He is tall enugh t reach it.→He is t shrt t reach it.
单项填空I'd rather ________ t the supermarket n weekends.A. nt t gB. nt gC. dn't gD. didn't g
单项选择。I ______ a new pair f shes. I need t buy a new shirt.A. dn’t needB. needn’tC. dn’t need tD. needs
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