高考英语实用复习十二构词法优质课件PPT

这是一份高考英语实用复习十二构词法优质课件PPT，共41页。PPT课件主要包含了 转化法，动词转化为名词，名词转化为动词，形容词转化为动词，形容词转化为名词，派生法，合成法，合成名词，合成形容词，合成动词等内容，欢迎下载使用。

转化法
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫做转化法。
(1)很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化。Let's g ut fr a walk. 我们到外面去散散步吧。(2)有时意思有一定变化。He is a man f strng build. 他是一个体格健壮的人。(3)有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作。Let's have a swim. 咱们游泳吧。
Did yu bk a seat n the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗？Please hand me the bk.请把那本书递给我。She nursed her husband back t health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
We will try ur best t better ur living cnditins.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
(1)表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词。Yu shuld be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。(2)某些形容词如ld，yung，pr，rich，wunded，injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数。The ld in ur village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，很少引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常见的有dis­，un-，im-，in-，il­，ir­，mis­，nn­ 等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。appear出现 → disappear消失crrect正确的 → incrrect不正确的lead带领 → mislead误导stp停下 → nn­stp直达的
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常见的有a-(多构成表语形容词)，anti- (反对；抵抗)，aut- (自动)，c­ (共同)，en- (使)，inter­ (互相)，re- (再；又)，sub­ (下面的；次；小)，tele­ (强调距离)等。alne单独的　　　　antigas防毒气的cperate合作 enlarge 扩大Internet互联网 reuse再用subway地铁 telephne电话
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有­ence，­(e)r/­r (从事某事的人)，-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful (一······)，-ian(精通······的人)，-ist (专业人员)，­ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tin(动作；过程)等。例如：differ不同于 → difference区别write写 → writer作家Japan日本 → Japanese日本人act表演 → actress女演员muth口 → muthful一口music音乐 → musician音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有­en (多用于形容词之后)，­fy (使······化)，­ize (使······成为)。例如：wide → widen加宽beauty → beautify美化pure → purify提纯real → realize意识到rgan → rganize组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有­al，-able (有能力的)，-an(某国人的)，­en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，­ern (方向的)，­ese(某国人的)，­ful，-(ic)al，­ish，­ive，­less (表示否定)，-like (像······的)，­ly，­us，­sme，­y等。nature自然→natural自然的reasn道理→reasnable有道理的America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的gld金子→glden金的east东→eastern东方的child孩子→childish孩子气的snw雪→snwy有雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有­ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，­ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。angry生气的→angrily生气地t到→twards朝······，向······east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有­teen (十几)，­ty (几十)，­th (构成序数词)。six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六fur四→frty四十→frtieth第四十
合成法
其他法
截短法又称缩略法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。1．截头telephne→phne　　　aerplane→plane2．去尾mathematics→math examinatin→examkilgram→kil labratry→lab3．截头去尾influenza→flu refrigeratr→fridge
混合法又叫混成法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。news bradcast → newscast新闻广播smke and fg → smg烟雾
首字母缩略法，即用两个或两个以上的单词的首字母组成一个新词。very imprtant persn → VIP　要人；大人物televisin → TV　电视Testing f English as a Freign Language → TOEFL　托福
1．Recent studies shw that we are far mre prductive at wrk if we take shrt breaks ______________ (regular)．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)2．In additin t their simple beauty，what makes the adbe dwellings admirable is their ______________ (able) t “air cnditin” a huse withut using electric equipment.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)3．The river was s plluted that it ______________ (actual) caught fire and burned.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)4．There were many peple waiting at the bus stp，and sme f them lked very anxius and ______________ (disappint)．(2014·全国卷Ⅱ)5．______________ (bvius)，the stry is nt true，but the festival is interesting.
regularly
actually
disappinted
Obviusly
6．When Bb was still yung，his parents' ______________ (marry) ended in divrce.7．Nt knwing hw t perate the cmputer is ne f the ______________ (advantage) in finding jbs.8． ______________ (thank)，I managed t get thrugh the game and the pain was wrth it in the end.9．Letting that animal escape was n accident；yu did it ______________ (intend)．10．The Great Wall is mre than 6,000 li in ______________ (lng)．
marriage
disadvantages
Thankfully
intentinally
11．The black peple were against slavery and fught fr their ______________ (free) bravely.12．What yu said sunded ______________ (reasn) but in fact it was untrue.13．We have t learn ______________ (advance) technlgy frm ther cuntries.14．Yu'd better give up smking if yu want t keep ______________ (health)．15．Withut ______________ (hesitate)，I decided t fllw them and we did have lts f fun that day.
reasnable
advanced
hesitatin
16．My English imprved a lt；mre imprtantly，I gained much ______________ (cnfident)．17．D yu want t get t the classrm earlier t make sme ______________ (prepare)?18．Several days later，ut f my ______________ (expect)，I saw it quietly stand in a crner f the huse where I wrked. I was extremely glad t regain it.19．Nt nly the teachers but als the students find the website ______________ (benefit)．20．It snwed ______________ (heavy) last night and nw the streets are cvered with snw.
cnfidence
preparatins
expectatin
beneficial
heavily
1．In the summer hliday fllwing my eighteen birthday，I tk driving lessns. (2017·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Lts f studies have shwn that glbal warming has already becme a very seriusly prblem. 3．The teachers here are kind and helpfully. They are nt nly ur teachers but als ur friends. 4．The fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste. 5．We are grwing wnderfully tmates at n cst！
6．It is a gd way fr us t memrize new wrds by seeing them repeated. 7．Her disappinting lk shwed that she failed the exam again. 8．The child lked sad at his brther wh was badly wunded. 9．I must be getting fat—I can hard d my trusers up. 10．The five-years­ld by can sing the sng very well.
repeatedly
disappinted
five-year-ld
1．这个士兵因为救那个男孩而牺牲，他的死重于泰山。2．令大家满意的是，这个女孩工作完成得很好。3．在我去上海之前，她帮我提前预定了一个房间。4．拉塞尔·威斯布鲁克(Russell Westbrk)当选为2016­2017赛季最有价值球员。
The sldier died fr saving the child，s his death is heavier than Munt Tai.
T everyne's satisfactin，the girl finished the jb quite well.
She bked a rm fr me in advance befre I went t Shanghai.
Russell Westbrk was elected t be MVP in the 2016­2017 seasn.
5．这次会议被认为很成功，但结果失败了。6．我对他的第一印象是他是一个友好而又考虑周到的年轻人。
The meeting suppsed t be successful turned ut t be a failure in the end.
My first impressin f him was that he was a friendly and thughtful yung man.
Even thugh his name is ften cnnected with Cubism (立体派)，Picass did in fact prduce a wide 1.________ (vary) f wrks thrughut his lng life. Acknwledged as being the mst gifted painter f 2.________ twentieth century，he als displayed a talent fr sculpture and petry. Few painters have been as prductive as Picass，3.________ prduced ver 13，000 paintings and drawings in his lifetime!
In spite f this enrmus utput，Picass was able t avid 4.________ (repeat) his ld wrk by changing his style. It seems that each change represented things 5.________ which he was being influenced at that particular time. The sad character f the artist's paintings during his “Blue Perid” reflected peple's 6.________ (suffer) he saw n the streets f Paris. When he began t paint circus scenes，he used 7.________ (main) pink tnes. This was knwn as his “Rse Perid”． Next came Cubism. This was a(n) 8.________ (usual) style f painting which Picass develped with Braque，a fellw artist. In the beginning，the paintings had little r n clur；nly later 9.________ the artists experiment with clur. The style was perfected thrugh a prcess f trial and errr，and Cubism—as we knw it tday—10.________ (bear)．
suffering(s)
I'm nt n the habit f keeping things neat. Smetimes I wrry abut be s disrganized，but I never feel like ding anything abut it. My bedrm is always mess，s I can hardly find everything. Last Friday evening，I finished ding my hmewrk and then starting t make dinner with my mther. Unfrtunate，I culdn't find my assignment anywhere the next mrning，s I have t red it. What terrible it was！My mther tld me that I shuld learn t keep my things in the rder. I really want t change my badly habit，but I dn't knw where t start.
messy或mess前加a
Unfrtunately