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2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第2讲 考纲词汇&定语从句&阅读【学案】
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这是一份2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第2讲 考纲词汇&定语从句&阅读【学案】，共11页。
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版） 第2讲 考纲词汇&定语从句&阅读 学生版
教学内容
一、 上次课考纲词汇默写
1. n.活动 2. vt.影响
3. adj. 一样的；相似的 4. n.广告
5. adj.心不在焉的 6. adv.事实上
7. 认(使)适应；改编 8. n.叙述,报导
9. adj.中年的 10. adj.能干的
11. vt.获得；学到 12. adj.装有空调设备的
13. n.有利条件，优点；优势 14. adj.积极的；主动的；活跃的
15. vt.陪伴 16. adv.在（到）国外
17. n.成年人 18. n.航空邮件
19. vt.采纳，采用；收养 20. n.冒险（经历）；奇遇
21. n.会计人员 22. n.酒精；酒
23. academic adj 24. interact vi.
25. accomplish vt 26. additional adj.
27. absolute adj. 28. agricultural adj.
29. affection 30. accuse vt.
31. admirable adj. 32. accidental adj.
33. aggressive adj.
34. abandon vt. 35. adequate adj.
36. accordingly adv. 37. abstract
38. alert adj. 39. advisable adj.
40. admission n. 41. accuracy n
42. agreeable adj.
43. accessible adj.
44. advanced adj. 45. abnormal adj.
46. agent n. 47. accustomed adj.
48. accommodation n. 49. absorb vt.
50. adjustment n.
二、
定语从句巩固
1.Let those, (26) ______ think nothing of wasting time, remember this.(虹口)
2.Those (38) ______ become addicted to drug use sometimes rob or break into houses or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39) ______ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.(黄浦)
3.Nowadays, when I walk in the woods, I notice other things. I hear songs of unseen birds and catch glimpses of wildflower color, all of (25) ______ make great subjects for me to put in front of a camera.（浦东）
4. Instead, they simply suffered, and scientists (40) ______ have examined mummies have found severely worn teeth, even in young Egyptians.（浦东）
5. Chains (28) ______ (attach) to the rings so the trainers can control the animals, (29) ______ weigh up to 350 kilograms, with only a slight pull on the chains. (宝山)
6.And there are shooting games ____34____you can let out your anger and frustration in violent situations where you kill people with guns. (徐汇)
7.Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman (26)__________ had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.（闵行）
8.DiCaprio made his big screen breakthrough in 1992, __36_____ he was chosen by Robert De Niro out of 400 young actors to play the lead role in This Boy's Life.(奉贤)
9. We need to support leaders around the world who do not speak for the big polluters, but who speak for all of humanity, for the indigenous people of the world, for the billions and billions of underprivileged people out there who would be most affected by this, for our children’s children, and for those people out there __40_____ voices have been drowned out by the politics of greed.(奉贤)
10."What we have definitely found from girls is that there is no essential reason (39)) __________ they wouldn't want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing."(静安)
12. I can spend the day in bed recounting the difficulty I have with the parts of my body (32)_____ no longer work or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones working. （崇明）
13.Gates began his career in personal computer software (25) he started programming at age 13 while a student at the Lakeside school. In 1974, (26)
an undergraduate at Harvard University, he developed BASIC for the first microcomputer, the MITS Altair, (27) started the era of hobbyist computing.(普陀)
14.E-cigarettes do not contain hundreds of harmful chemicals (39) are found in real cigarettes. （普陀）
15.Have you noticed that your friends are like your mother's friends? Study has found that the manner (25)_____ a mother interacts with her friends makes a role model for an adolescent child when building (26) ___ his/her own peer friendships.
16. These children are often from broken families (35) ______ _____ there is no father figure. （杨浦）
高考英语词组1(P1-P12)
1. 准许…进入… admit…to/into 2. 反对；违背；违反 be against
3. 担任，充当act as 4. 听从某人的建议take/follow one's advice
5. 把…考虑在内 take... into account 6. 就…达成共识 agree on
7. 增加，增添add to 8. 相册/集邮簿 photo/stamp album
9. 有能力做某事(ability) have the/an ability to do sth.
10. 买得起；承担得起 afford sth./to do 11. 采取行动 take action
12. 在…前面；胜过ahead of 13. 根据… according to
14. 最重要的是above all 15. 预先，事先 in advance
16. 在机场 at the airport 17. 全神贯注于… be absorbed in
18. 害怕… be afraid of 19. 除…之外(还)in addition to
20. 一条建议 a piece of advice 21. 偶然地，意外地by accident/chance
22. 旅行社/新闻社 travel/news agency 23. 酸雨 acid rain
24. 再三地，反复地 again and again = time and (time) again = over and over (again)
25. (充分)利用 take (full) advantage of 26. 不在…；自…缺席 be absent from
27. 允许某人做 allow sb. to do 28. 合计达 add up to
29. 瞄准；目标在于aim at 30. 习惯于… be/get accustomed to
31. 私事/家事/外交事务 private/family/ foreign affairs
32. 在/超过/不到…岁 at/beyond/ under the age of
33. 毕竟，终究，归根结底after all
34. 可接近；可进入;可利用have access to
35. 因…钦佩某人 admire sb. for 36. 达成协议 reach an agreement
37. 对…起作用；按照…行动act on/ upon 38. 火警警报(器)fire alarm
39. on account of 由于 40. 对…的优势 advantage over
41. 追赶；追求 be after 42. 急救 first aid
43. 建议某人做 advise sb. to do 44. 适应 adapt (oneself) to
45. 承认做过 admit doing/having done 46. 交通事故/车祸 traffic/car accident
47. 总共 in all 49. 为征求…登广告 advertise for
48. 在…中取得巨大成就 make great achievements in 50. 开户头 open an account
语法新题型练习(定语从句)
(A)
```Now suppose 1 it’s your turn to go to the moon, just like Edwin Aldrin and Neil Armstrong. It’s an important and exciting space travel, 2 mission is to explore and gather information for the scientists on the earth.
Before you leave your lunar lander, don’t forget your equipment! Remember 3 the moon has no atmosphere. An atmosphere is the envelope of gases 4 surrounds some planets. The earth’s atmosphere has oxygen, 5 we need to breathe. You will need your spacesuit and your oxygen tank, 6 will help you to survive on the moon’s surface.
Your spacesuit will keep your body safe on the moon, 7 the temperature can be extremely cold or extremely hot.
Now imagine 8 you are walking on the moon’s surface. You will be fascinated by the view of the sky, 9 is extremely different from that on the earth.
In the powdery, grayish moon dust, you will probably find some footprints 10 Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin left many years ago. That’s because there’s no wind or water on the moon to wash the footprints away. The moon dust stretches as far as you can see.
As you walk along, you suddenly realize 11 you feel lighter. You can jump higher and throw farther. The reason 12 you can do jumping and throwing easily is 13 there is less gravity on the moon than there is on the earth.
Gravity is a force 14 pulls one object toward another object. Gravity makes you “stick” to the ground and makes your pencil fall to the floor 15 you drop it.
(B)
Ancient China was a place ___1____ states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time ___2____ there were many great philosophers. Confucius is the philosopher ____3___ influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
Mencius was a thinker ____4____ teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confucius’s ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason ____5____ man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
Mozi was another teacher ____6___ was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family ____7____ was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state ____8____ people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those ____9___ are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need
A
A.honoured
B.set
C.historic
D.secretly
E.citizen
F.granted
G.hide
H.route
I.briefly
J.restoration
K.leading
Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United States. He became a (1) ________________ voice in the years before the Civil War.
A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) (2) ________________ Douglass's birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a (3) ________________ site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglass's personal possessions, had undergone a three-year (4) ________________ (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don't have to live in the nation's capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)
He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black (5) ________________ to bold a government office — as US minister and consul general to Haiti.
As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so be (6) ________________ taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to (7) ________________his identity.
In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system (8) ________________ up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the (9) ________________, housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.
He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution, which (10) ________________ African-Americans the right to vote.
B
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However, playing sports can have (1) ________________ effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been (2) ________________ at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad (3) ________________ of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.
Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main (4) ________________ of too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children (5) ________________ aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that (6) ________________ is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout (7) ________________ at other players or cheer when their child behaves (8) ________________. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is (9) ________________ or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured (10) ________________, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.
As a society, we really need to (11) ________________this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches (12) ________________ should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better (13) ________________.They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to (14) ________________, themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that (15) ________________ is not as important as winning.
1.
A. restrictive
B. negative
C. active
D. instructive
2.
A. knocked
B. glanced
C. smiled
D. shouted
3.
A. impression
B. concept
C. taste
D. expectation
4.
A. resource
B. cause
C. course
D. consequence
5.
A. question
B. understand
C. copy
D. neglect
6.
A. winning
B. practicing
C. fun
D. sport
7.
A. praises
B. orders
C. remarks
D. insults
8.
A. proudly
B. ambitiously
C. aggressively
D. bravely
9.
A. acceptable
B. impolite
C. possible
D. accessible
10.
A. By contrast
B. In addition
C. As a result
D. After all
11.
A. look up to
B. face up to
C. make up for
D. come up with
12.
A. in particular
B. in all
C. in return
D. in advance
13.
A. techniques
B. means
C. values
D. directions
14.
A. respect
B. relax
C. forgive
D. enjoy
15.
A. body
B. fame
C. health
D. spirit
Direction：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
C
Equipped only with a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜) and ready to spend long hours waiting in all weathers for a precious glance of a rare bullfinch (红腹灰雀), Britain's birdwatchers had long been supposed to be lovers of a minority sport. But new figures show bird-watching is fast becoming a popular pastime, with almost three million of us absorbed in our fluttering feathered friends.
Devoted birdwatchers, those prepared to travel thousands of miles for sighting of a rare Siberian bird, are fast being joined by a new breed of follower whose interest is satiated by watching a few finches (雀科鸣鸟) on a Sunday walk or putting up a bird-box in the back garden.
"Almost three million UK birdwatchers is certainly possible if you include everyone with only a casual interest," Stephen Moss said in his newly published book.-A bird in the Bush: a Social History of Birdwatching - which records the pursuit from the rich Victorian Englishman's love of shooting rare birds to the less offensive observational tendencies of birdwatchers today.
Television wildlife programmes have helped to fuel the new trend. Last summer, BBC 2's Britain Goes Wild was a surprise success. It pulled in three million views and led to bird-houses selling out across the UK as 45,000 people promised to put up a box. Birdwatchers networking system first came to the attention of the nation in 1989, when a birdwatcher caught sight of the first Vermivora chrysoptera-a golden-winged songbird from North America-to be seen in Britain. He put a message out on the network service Birdline, and the next day 3,000 birdwatchers proved the full pull of a truly rare bird as they visited the Tesco car park in Kent, where it had settled. Today, birdwatchers can log on to www.birdline.co.uk or have news of the latest sighting texted to their phones.
"Multimillion-pound spending on binoculars, bird food and boxes point to the increasing numbers of birdwatchers." Said David Croack, the editor of Bird Watching magazine"The number of people involved is so big that they have great potential to influence government decisions affecting the environment."
1. The word "satiated" in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by "______".
A. affected
B. shared
C. satisfied
D. narrowed
2. What happened after the message of seeing a Vermivora Chrysoptera was put on the network?
A. Birdwatchers helped the rare bird settle in Kent.
B. Large numbers of birdwatchers went to view the bird.
C. Many birdwatchers logged on to the website for details.
D. Birdwatchers showed their determination to protect the rare bird.
3. Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?
A. Television wildlife programmes started the popular pastime of birdwatching.
B. The network service has contributed to the rapid development of birdwatching.
C. Birdwatching in Britain was long considered a sport with a small group of followers.
D. The current situation of birdwatching may promote the protection of the environment.
4. The passage mainly tells us about _______ in UK.
A. the history of birdwatching.
B. a growing passion for birdwatching
C. the impact of media on birdwatching
D. birdwatching as a popular expensive sport
D
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1. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?
A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 1.5 hours. D. 3 hours.
2. What is special about the battery?
A. It is built in an iPhone.
B. It is the smallest of its kind.
C. It can also be used as a charger.
D. It keeps power for about 30 days.
3. Who mentions the transporting of the battery?
A. P.S. B. B.L. C. M.C. D. T.K.
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A. quality B. service C. function D. shopping
课后作业
Professor Bilveer Singh grades hundreds of papers each year. In every group, he says, there are always a few that are less than original. Nowadays, the suspect source is usually the Internet. “I've caught students quoting paragraph after paragraph,” says Singh. “But they are getting smarter.” Hence the rise of A and A or “alteration and amendment”: cutting a sentence here, pasting(粘贴) a phrase there, all the while using the on-screen terms to replace complicated words with age-appropriate ones.
For all its benefits, the rise of technology in the classroom has made it far easier for students to cheat—and get away with it. In the pre-wired days, plagiarism meant carefully copying paragraphs out of the books; today, kids can simply find the text, copy and paste — a much simpler and neater process. The practice is becoming popular around the globe. According to a survey by the Josephson Institute for Ethics, 74% of U.S. high-school students cheated in 2002. (“And those are just the ones admitting it.” says the Institute's Terry Harrison.)
Fortunately, the same technology that makes it so easy for students to cheat is aiding teachers in catching them. The most popular anti-plagiarism service, Turnitin. com, compares a student's term paper with everything on the Internet, as well as to Turnitin.com's own database of papers. (Of course, as many teachers know, Google, another well-known search engine company, works pretty well, too.) Turnitin.com has users in 51 countries; in Britain, nearly all 700 public universities have signed up for the service.
Educators are trying to upgrade their inclass measures as well. Experts say teachers should make it more difficult for students to “cut and paste” by changing the assignment every year and requiring more analysis than description. And teachers shouldn't assume that kids even know what plagiarism is, as many just aren't taught how to source or reference properly. But even when they know better, kids might do the same under the heavy academic pressure and time limits they face. Critics blame parents and educators for emphasizing results over academic honesty.
1. The “A and A” phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 1 summarizes ________ ．
A. the progress of the digital age
B. the application of the Internet
C. the rise of computer technology
D. the new features of cheating in schools
2. The expression “the pre-wired days” in paragraph 2 refers to the time before ________ ．
A. electricity was used
B. the computer was widely used
C. the wire was invented
D. the radio and television came into being
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The rise of computer technology makes it easier to cheat in the classroom.
B. Teachers are trying to find new measures to check cheating in schools.
C. Computer technology can be used to find out the cheating of students.
D. Teachers are praised for their emphasis on students' academic results.
4. The last two paragraphs are mainly concerned with ________ ．
A. the importance of academic honesty
B. some measures to fight against plagiarism
C. some well-known search engine companies
D. experts' suggestions on anti-plagiarism
定语从句B卷
1. --- Is that the small town you often refer to?
--- Right, just the one ____ you know I used to work for years.
2. ____ is described in some of his short stories, the author was brought up in a small village in the remote mountain area.
3. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ _____ New York is an example.
4. The government has revised the budget, 5% of ____ will be used to help develop the small and medium-sized enterprises.
5. Children who are not active or ____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
6. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I fought side by side with my fellow soldiers in the Anti- Japanese War.
7. Sometimes failure is not a bad thing. Even a failure ___ seems total can inspire fresh thinking.
8. Children usually think of their class teacher as someone _____ ______ they can turn when they are in difficulty.
9. It is the fifth time in this month that Christina has been turned down by the companies she applied to, ____ discourages her a lot.
10. Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm ____ few citizens had ever experienced.
11. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ___ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
12. The singing group was so well received that the size of the audience, ____ we had expected, was well over ten thousand.
13. Who doesn’t hate him ___ knows how cruel he is?
14. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _____ I met in the English speech contest last year.
15. She was educated at Beijing University, ____ _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
16. The small-engine cars, ____ fuel and maintenance costs are much lower than those of bigger cars, do give the consumers a lot of convenience.
17. She’ll never forget her stay there ____ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
18. This is a kind of production line _____ workers stand and add one part to each car as the assembly line passes,
19. Mr. Wang, with _____ help we visited Tibet last year, was one of the first of the professional guides.
20. That Senior 3 student expressed his wish that he could enjoy a carefree winter holiday, ____, unluckily, was hardly possible.
21. Lat month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _____effects the people are still suffering.
22. In an hour, we can travel to places ____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
23. ____ is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
24. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
25. Alec asked the policeman with ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
26. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an acticity _______sight matters more work.
27. Village here depend on the fishing industry,_____ _______ there won’t be much work.
28 America has lately launched a twin spacecraft to study violent solar storms, _______many scientists believe can damage satellites and endanger spacewalking astronauts.
29. In China, the number of cities is increasing_______ development is recognized across the world.
30. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she ran back in the direction_______ _______ she had come.
31. Is this the reason_______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
32. It was an exciting moment for these football match fans this year, _______for the first time in history their team won the World Cup.
33.The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
34.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________life has developed gradually.
35. The recent economic crisis has made me think about the diffcult times_______my parents went through.
36. We went through a period ______ ______communications were very difficult in the rural areas
37. If a shop has chairs_______women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
38.The fire started from the hall of the hotel, many of _______guests were having dinner in the restaurant on the second floor.
39. I think you’ve got to the point________a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.
40 .She is no longer the ignorant girl______she was ten years ago.
41. The examination was continued at the beginning of the new term, _______was announced on January 29.
42. Many parents haven’t realized the extent_______ ______the problems weigh their children down.
43. Occasions are quite rare ________I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
44.He is the murderer for_____arrest a reward was offered by the local goverment.
45.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself to himself, ______can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
46.There is none of us________wishes our beloved teacher a quicker recovery.
47. I can think of many cases______students obvious knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
48 Along with China’s great economic development, in_______we can see many areas getting richer and richer, there is a hidden cost.
49 These students will graduate from the university next summer, by______time they will have studied here for four years.
50. Without facts, we can’t form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge on_______to base our thinking.
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版） 第2讲 考纲词汇&定语从句&阅读 学生版
教学内容
一、 上次课考纲词汇默写
1. n.活动 2. vt.影响
3. adj. 一样的；相似的 4. n.广告
5. adj.心不在焉的 6. adv.事实上
7. 认(使)适应；改编 8. n.叙述,报导
9. adj.中年的 10. adj.能干的
11. vt.获得；学到 12. adj.装有空调设备的
13. n.有利条件，优点；优势 14. adj.积极的；主动的；活跃的
15. vt.陪伴 16. adv.在（到）国外
17. n.成年人 18. n.航空邮件
19. vt.采纳，采用；收养 20. n.冒险（经历）；奇遇
21. n.会计人员 22. n.酒精；酒
23. academic adj 24. interact vi.
25. accomplish vt 26. additional adj.
27. absolute adj. 28. agricultural adj.
29. affection 30. accuse vt.
31. admirable adj. 32. accidental adj.
33. aggressive adj.
34. abandon vt. 35. adequate adj.
36. accordingly adv. 37. abstract
38. alert adj. 39. advisable adj.
40. admission n. 41. accuracy n
42. agreeable adj.
43. accessible adj.
44. advanced adj. 45. abnormal adj.
46. agent n. 47. accustomed adj.
48. accommodation n. 49. absorb vt.
50. adjustment n.
二、
定语从句巩固
1.Let those, (26) ______ think nothing of wasting time, remember this.(虹口)
2.Those (38) ______ become addicted to drug use sometimes rob or break into houses or stores to steal money to pay for the drugs. It has serious effects on individuals physically and mentally, (39) ______ the economic losses caused by drug abuse are great.(黄浦)
3.Nowadays, when I walk in the woods, I notice other things. I hear songs of unseen birds and catch glimpses of wildflower color, all of (25) ______ make great subjects for me to put in front of a camera.（浦东）
4. Instead, they simply suffered, and scientists (40) ______ have examined mummies have found severely worn teeth, even in young Egyptians.（浦东）
5. Chains (28) ______ (attach) to the rings so the trainers can control the animals, (29) ______ weigh up to 350 kilograms, with only a slight pull on the chains. (宝山)
6.And there are shooting games ____34____you can let out your anger and frustration in violent situations where you kill people with guns. (徐汇)
7.Many started looking at their watches and coming up with excuses to be anywhere instead of preparing to listen to a lecture from an old woman (26)__________ had few kind words for her students and made them work harder than all the other teachers combined.（闵行）
8.DiCaprio made his big screen breakthrough in 1992, __36_____ he was chosen by Robert De Niro out of 400 young actors to play the lead role in This Boy's Life.(奉贤)
9. We need to support leaders around the world who do not speak for the big polluters, but who speak for all of humanity, for the indigenous people of the world, for the billions and billions of underprivileged people out there who would be most affected by this, for our children’s children, and for those people out there __40_____ voices have been drowned out by the politics of greed.(奉贤)
10."What we have definitely found from girls is that there is no essential reason (39)) __________ they wouldn't want to play on a computer; it was just a content thing."(静安)
12. I can spend the day in bed recounting the difficulty I have with the parts of my body (32)_____ no longer work or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones working. （崇明）
13.Gates began his career in personal computer software (25) he started programming at age 13 while a student at the Lakeside school. In 1974, (26)
an undergraduate at Harvard University, he developed BASIC for the first microcomputer, the MITS Altair, (27) started the era of hobbyist computing.(普陀)
14.E-cigarettes do not contain hundreds of harmful chemicals (39) are found in real cigarettes. （普陀）
15.Have you noticed that your friends are like your mother's friends? Study has found that the manner (25)_____ a mother interacts with her friends makes a role model for an adolescent child when building (26) ___ his/her own peer friendships.
16. These children are often from broken families (35) ______ _____ there is no father figure. （杨浦）
高考英语词组1(P1-P12)
1. 准许…进入… admit…to/into 2. 反对；违背；违反 be against
3. 担任，充当act as 4. 听从某人的建议take/follow one's advice
5. 把…考虑在内 take... into account 6. 就…达成共识 agree on
7. 增加，增添add to 8. 相册/集邮簿 photo/stamp album
9. 有能力做某事(ability) have the/an ability to do sth.
10. 买得起；承担得起 afford sth./to do 11. 采取行动 take action
12. 在…前面；胜过ahead of 13. 根据… according to
14. 最重要的是above all 15. 预先，事先 in advance
16. 在机场 at the airport 17. 全神贯注于… be absorbed in
18. 害怕… be afraid of 19. 除…之外(还)in addition to
20. 一条建议 a piece of advice 21. 偶然地，意外地by accident/chance
22. 旅行社/新闻社 travel/news agency 23. 酸雨 acid rain
24. 再三地，反复地 again and again = time and (time) again = over and over (again)
25. (充分)利用 take (full) advantage of 26. 不在…；自…缺席 be absent from
27. 允许某人做 allow sb. to do 28. 合计达 add up to
29. 瞄准；目标在于aim at 30. 习惯于… be/get accustomed to
31. 私事/家事/外交事务 private/family/ foreign affairs
32. 在/超过/不到…岁 at/beyond/ under the age of
33. 毕竟，终究，归根结底after all
34. 可接近；可进入;可利用have access to
35. 因…钦佩某人 admire sb. for 36. 达成协议 reach an agreement
37. 对…起作用；按照…行动act on/ upon 38. 火警警报(器)fire alarm
39. on account of 由于 40. 对…的优势 advantage over
41. 追赶；追求 be after 42. 急救 first aid
43. 建议某人做 advise sb. to do 44. 适应 adapt (oneself) to
45. 承认做过 admit doing/having done 46. 交通事故/车祸 traffic/car accident
47. 总共 in all 49. 为征求…登广告 advertise for
48. 在…中取得巨大成就 make great achievements in 50. 开户头 open an account
语法新题型练习(定语从句)
(A)
```Now suppose 1 it’s your turn to go to the moon, just like Edwin Aldrin and Neil Armstrong. It’s an important and exciting space travel, 2 mission is to explore and gather information for the scientists on the earth.
Before you leave your lunar lander, don’t forget your equipment! Remember 3 the moon has no atmosphere. An atmosphere is the envelope of gases 4 surrounds some planets. The earth’s atmosphere has oxygen, 5 we need to breathe. You will need your spacesuit and your oxygen tank, 6 will help you to survive on the moon’s surface.
Your spacesuit will keep your body safe on the moon, 7 the temperature can be extremely cold or extremely hot.
Now imagine 8 you are walking on the moon’s surface. You will be fascinated by the view of the sky, 9 is extremely different from that on the earth.
In the powdery, grayish moon dust, you will probably find some footprints 10 Neil Armstrong and Edwin Aldrin left many years ago. That’s because there’s no wind or water on the moon to wash the footprints away. The moon dust stretches as far as you can see.
As you walk along, you suddenly realize 11 you feel lighter. You can jump higher and throw farther. The reason 12 you can do jumping and throwing easily is 13 there is less gravity on the moon than there is on the earth.
Gravity is a force 14 pulls one object toward another object. Gravity makes you “stick” to the ground and makes your pencil fall to the floor 15 you drop it.
(B)
Ancient China was a place ___1____ states were often at war with each other. But it was also a time ___2____ there were many great philosophers. Confucius is the philosopher ____3___ influence has been the greatest. He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society was influenced by these ideas for more than 2,000 years.
Mencius was a thinker ____4____ teachings were very similar to those of Confucius. Mencius was born in 372 BC. His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother. He became a student of Confucius’s ideas, and was then given an important position in the government of a state. However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned. For many years he traveled from state to state, teaching the principles of Confucius. He then became an adviser to another ruler. He spent his last years preparing a book of his teachings called The Book of Mencius. Mencius believed that the reason ____5____ man is different from animals is that man is good. He taught that if the government was kind, then people would be good. He believed that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.
Mozi was another teacher ____6___ was very influential. Born in 476 BC, he came from a family ____7____ was very poor. He became famous for his unusual clothes and behaviour. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism. In some ways his beliefs were similar to those of Confucius. For example, he considered that government was most important. As a result, he spent many years trying to find a state ____8____ people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men were equal. His idea of love was different from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi taught that we should love all human beings and look after those ____9___ are weaker than ourselves. He hated the idea of war. Mozi died in 390 BC.
Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need
A
A.honoured
B.set
C.historic
D.secretly
E.citizen
F.granted
G.hide
H.route
I.briefly
J.restoration
K.leading
Frederick Douglass was an escaped slave in the movement that fought to end slavery in the United States. He became a (1) ________________ voice in the years before the Civil War.
A few weeks ago, the National Park Service (NPS) (2) ________________ Douglass's birth and Black History Month with the reopening of his home at Cedar Hill, a (3) ________________ site in Washington. D.C. The two-story house, which contains many of Douglass's personal possessions, had undergone a three-year (4) ________________ (Thanks to the NTS website, however, you don't have to live in the nation's capital to visit it. Take a tour online.)
He was born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey to a slave mother and a white father he never knew. Douglass grew up to become the first black (5) ________________ to bold a government office — as US minister and consul general to Haiti.
As a youth, he never went to school. Educating slaves was illegal in the South, so be (6) ________________ taught himself to read and write. At 21 years old, he escaped from his slave owner to Massachusetts and changed his last name to Douglass, to (7) ________________his identity.
In the 1850s, Douglass was involved with the Underground Railroad, the system (8) ________________ up by antislavery groups to bring runaway slaves to the North and Canada. His home in Rochester, N.Y. was near the Canadian border. It became an important station on the (9) ________________, housing as many as 11 runaway slaves at a time.
He died in 1895. In his lifetime, Douglass witnessed the end of slavery in 1865 and the adoption of the 15th Amendment to the US Constitution, which (10) ________________ African-Americans the right to vote.
B
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
People think children should play sports. Sports are fun, and children keep healthy while playing with others. However, playing sports can have (1) ________________ effects on children. It may produce feelings of poor self-respect or aggressive behavior in some children. According to research on kids and sports, 40,000,000 kids play sports in the US. Of these, 18,000,000 say they have been (2) ________________ at or called names while playing sports. This leaves many children with a bad (3) ________________ of sports. They think sports are just too aggressive.
Many researchers believe adults, especially parents and coaches, are the main (4) ________________ of too much aggression ill children's sports. They believe children (5) ________________ aggressive adult behavior. This behavior is then further strengthened through both positive and negative feedback. Parents and coaches are powerful teachers because children usually look up to them. Often these adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that (6) ________________ is everything. Many parents go to children's sporting events and shout (7) ________________ at other players or cheer when their child behaves (8) ________________. As well, children arc even taught that hurting other players is (9) ________________ or are pushed to continue playing even when they are injured (10) ________________, the media makes violence seem exciting. Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television.
As a society, we really need to (11) ________________this problem and do something about it. Parents and coaches (12) ________________ should act as better examples for children. They also need to teach children better (13) ________________.They should not just cheer when children win or act aggressively. They should teach children to (14) ________________, themselves whether they win or not. Besides, children should not be allowed to continue to play when they are injured. If adults allow children to play when injured, this gives the message that (15) ________________ is not as important as winning.
1.
A. restrictive
B. negative
C. active
D. instructive
2.
A. knocked
B. glanced
C. smiled
D. shouted
3.
A. impression
B. concept
C. taste
D. expectation
4.
A. resource
B. cause
C. course
D. consequence
5.
A. question
B. understand
C. copy
D. neglect
6.
A. winning
B. practicing
C. fun
D. sport
7.
A. praises
B. orders
C. remarks
D. insults
8.
A. proudly
B. ambitiously
C. aggressively
D. bravely
9.
A. acceptable
B. impolite
C. possible
D. accessible
10.
A. By contrast
B. In addition
C. As a result
D. After all
11.
A. look up to
B. face up to
C. make up for
D. come up with
12.
A. in particular
B. in all
C. in return
D. in advance
13.
A. techniques
B. means
C. values
D. directions
14.
A. respect
B. relax
C. forgive
D. enjoy
15.
A. body
B. fame
C. health
D. spirit
Direction：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
C
Equipped only with a pair of binoculars (双筒望远镜) and ready to spend long hours waiting in all weathers for a precious glance of a rare bullfinch (红腹灰雀), Britain's birdwatchers had long been supposed to be lovers of a minority sport. But new figures show bird-watching is fast becoming a popular pastime, with almost three million of us absorbed in our fluttering feathered friends.
Devoted birdwatchers, those prepared to travel thousands of miles for sighting of a rare Siberian bird, are fast being joined by a new breed of follower whose interest is satiated by watching a few finches (雀科鸣鸟) on a Sunday walk or putting up a bird-box in the back garden.
"Almost three million UK birdwatchers is certainly possible if you include everyone with only a casual interest," Stephen Moss said in his newly published book.-A bird in the Bush: a Social History of Birdwatching - which records the pursuit from the rich Victorian Englishman's love of shooting rare birds to the less offensive observational tendencies of birdwatchers today.
Television wildlife programmes have helped to fuel the new trend. Last summer, BBC 2's Britain Goes Wild was a surprise success. It pulled in three million views and led to bird-houses selling out across the UK as 45,000 people promised to put up a box. Birdwatchers networking system first came to the attention of the nation in 1989, when a birdwatcher caught sight of the first Vermivora chrysoptera-a golden-winged songbird from North America-to be seen in Britain. He put a message out on the network service Birdline, and the next day 3,000 birdwatchers proved the full pull of a truly rare bird as they visited the Tesco car park in Kent, where it had settled. Today, birdwatchers can log on to www.birdline.co.uk or have news of the latest sighting texted to their phones.
"Multimillion-pound spending on binoculars, bird food and boxes point to the increasing numbers of birdwatchers." Said David Croack, the editor of Bird Watching magazine"The number of people involved is so big that they have great potential to influence government decisions affecting the environment."
1. The word "satiated" in paragraph 2 can best be replaced by "______".
A. affected
B. shared
C. satisfied
D. narrowed
2. What happened after the message of seeing a Vermivora Chrysoptera was put on the network?
A. Birdwatchers helped the rare bird settle in Kent.
B. Large numbers of birdwatchers went to view the bird.
C. Many birdwatchers logged on to the website for details.
D. Birdwatchers showed their determination to protect the rare bird.
3. Which of the following CANNOT be true according to the passage?
A. Television wildlife programmes started the popular pastime of birdwatching.
B. The network service has contributed to the rapid development of birdwatching.
C. Birdwatching in Britain was long considered a sport with a small group of followers.
D. The current situation of birdwatching may promote the protection of the environment.
4. The passage mainly tells us about _______ in UK.
A. the history of birdwatching.
B. a growing passion for birdwatching
C. the impact of media on birdwatching
D. birdwatching as a popular expensive sport
D
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1. How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?
A. 15 minutes. B. 30 minutes. C. 1.5 hours. D. 3 hours.
2. What is special about the battery?
A. It is built in an iPhone.
B. It is the smallest of its kind.
C. It can also be used as a charger.
D. It keeps power for about 30 days.
3. Who mentions the transporting of the battery?
A. P.S. B. B.L. C. M.C. D. T.K.
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A. quality B. service C. function D. shopping
课后作业
Professor Bilveer Singh grades hundreds of papers each year. In every group, he says, there are always a few that are less than original. Nowadays, the suspect source is usually the Internet. “I've caught students quoting paragraph after paragraph,” says Singh. “But they are getting smarter.” Hence the rise of A and A or “alteration and amendment”: cutting a sentence here, pasting(粘贴) a phrase there, all the while using the on-screen terms to replace complicated words with age-appropriate ones.
For all its benefits, the rise of technology in the classroom has made it far easier for students to cheat—and get away with it. In the pre-wired days, plagiarism meant carefully copying paragraphs out of the books; today, kids can simply find the text, copy and paste — a much simpler and neater process. The practice is becoming popular around the globe. According to a survey by the Josephson Institute for Ethics, 74% of U.S. high-school students cheated in 2002. (“And those are just the ones admitting it.” says the Institute's Terry Harrison.)
Fortunately, the same technology that makes it so easy for students to cheat is aiding teachers in catching them. The most popular anti-plagiarism service, Turnitin. com, compares a student's term paper with everything on the Internet, as well as to Turnitin.com's own database of papers. (Of course, as many teachers know, Google, another well-known search engine company, works pretty well, too.) Turnitin.com has users in 51 countries; in Britain, nearly all 700 public universities have signed up for the service.
Educators are trying to upgrade their inclass measures as well. Experts say teachers should make it more difficult for students to “cut and paste” by changing the assignment every year and requiring more analysis than description. And teachers shouldn't assume that kids even know what plagiarism is, as many just aren't taught how to source or reference properly. But even when they know better, kids might do the same under the heavy academic pressure and time limits they face. Critics blame parents and educators for emphasizing results over academic honesty.
1. The “A and A” phenomenon mentioned in paragraph 1 summarizes ________ ．
A. the progress of the digital age
B. the application of the Internet
C. the rise of computer technology
D. the new features of cheating in schools
2. The expression “the pre-wired days” in paragraph 2 refers to the time before ________ ．
A. electricity was used
B. the computer was widely used
C. the wire was invented
D. the radio and television came into being
3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The rise of computer technology makes it easier to cheat in the classroom.
B. Teachers are trying to find new measures to check cheating in schools.
C. Computer technology can be used to find out the cheating of students.
D. Teachers are praised for their emphasis on students' academic results.
4. The last two paragraphs are mainly concerned with ________ ．
A. the importance of academic honesty
B. some measures to fight against plagiarism
C. some well-known search engine companies
D. experts' suggestions on anti-plagiarism
定语从句B卷
1. --- Is that the small town you often refer to?
--- Right, just the one ____ you know I used to work for years.
2. ____ is described in some of his short stories, the author was brought up in a small village in the remote mountain area.
3. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ _____ New York is an example.
4. The government has revised the budget, 5% of ____ will be used to help develop the small and medium-sized enterprises.
5. Children who are not active or ____ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
6. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I fought side by side with my fellow soldiers in the Anti- Japanese War.
7. Sometimes failure is not a bad thing. Even a failure ___ seems total can inspire fresh thinking.
8. Children usually think of their class teacher as someone _____ ______ they can turn when they are in difficulty.
9. It is the fifth time in this month that Christina has been turned down by the companies she applied to, ____ discourages her a lot.
10. Beijing was attacked by such a terrible sandstorm ____ few citizens had ever experienced.
11. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ___ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
12. The singing group was so well received that the size of the audience, ____ we had expected, was well over ten thousand.
13. Who doesn’t hate him ___ knows how cruel he is?
14. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school _____ I met in the English speech contest last year.
15. She was educated at Beijing University, ____ _____ she went on to have her advanced study abroad.
16. The small-engine cars, ____ fuel and maintenance costs are much lower than those of bigger cars, do give the consumers a lot of convenience.
17. She’ll never forget her stay there ____ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.
18. This is a kind of production line _____ workers stand and add one part to each car as the assembly line passes,
19. Mr. Wang, with _____ help we visited Tibet last year, was one of the first of the professional guides.
20. That Senior 3 student expressed his wish that he could enjoy a carefree winter holiday, ____, unluckily, was hardly possible.
21. Lat month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _____effects the people are still suffering.
22. In an hour, we can travel to places ____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
23. ____ is often the case with old people, my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days.
24. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _____ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night.
25. Alec asked the policeman with ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.
26. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an acticity _______sight matters more work.
27. Village here depend on the fishing industry,_____ _______ there won’t be much work.
28 America has lately launched a twin spacecraft to study violent solar storms, _______many scientists believe can damage satellites and endanger spacewalking astronauts.
29. In China, the number of cities is increasing_______ development is recognized across the world.
30. I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she ran back in the direction_______ _______ she had come.
31. Is this the reason_______ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
32. It was an exciting moment for these football match fans this year, _______for the first time in history their team won the World Cup.
33.The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running, _______ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds.
34.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________life has developed gradually.
35. The recent economic crisis has made me think about the diffcult times_______my parents went through.
36. We went through a period ______ ______communications were very difficult in the rural areas
37. If a shop has chairs_______women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.
38.The fire started from the hall of the hotel, many of _______guests were having dinner in the restaurant on the second floor.
39. I think you’ve got to the point________a change is needed, otherwise you’ll fail.
40 .She is no longer the ignorant girl______she was ten years ago.
41. The examination was continued at the beginning of the new term, _______was announced on January 29.
42. Many parents haven’t realized the extent_______ ______the problems weigh their children down.
43. Occasions are quite rare ________I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
44.He is the murderer for_____arrest a reward was offered by the local goverment.
45.By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself to himself, ______can be very eye-opening and rewarding.
46.There is none of us________wishes our beloved teacher a quicker recovery.
47. I can think of many cases______students obvious knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.
48 Along with China’s great economic development, in_______we can see many areas getting richer and richer, there is a hidden cost.
49 These students will graduate from the university next summer, by______time they will have studied here for four years.
50. Without facts, we can’t form a correct opinion, for we need to have actual knowledge on_______to base our thinking.
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