【5】中考英语专项复习 介词

这是一份【5】中考英语专项复习 介词，共4页。试卷主要包含了with, in, by等内容，欢迎下载使用。

01 命题趋势 考标导向化
介词是各省市历年中考试题中的必考内容之一。从命题内容来看，表示时间的介词、表示地点的介词及介词的固定用法，尤其是时间介词at, n, in用法的区别，between和amng用法的区别，某些介词的特殊用法等是今后的考查热点。从命题形式来看，以单项选择、完形填空为主，分值一般在1～3分之间。预计年中考对介词的考查极有可能是时间介词和介词短语。
02 定义 概念清晰化
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它是一种虚词，不能单独使用，必须和名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词语连用构成介词短语，用来表明与它连用的词和句子中某个词或某些词之间的关系。
介词分为简单介词和短语介词两种。简单介词即单个介词，如in, under, n, fr, after等；短语介词指多个单词构成的介词，如in frnt f, instead f, far frm等。
介词短语与短语介词不同。介词短语指由“介词+名词/代词等”构成的短语，如at schl, by bus, n Sunday等，在句中可以作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。
有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作连词(作连词时，其后接句子)，如after, befre等；而有些单词，既可以作介词，也可以作副词，如abve, belw等。
03 知识归类 知识网络化
❶常用介词分类
1.in通常用在世纪、年份、季节、月份、上午、下午、晚上等词前，但后面接时间段，意为“在……之后”，用于将来时态；而after意为“在……之后”，要用于一般过去时。如：
We are ging t Beijing in tw weeks.两周后我们将要去北京。
He went t America in 2003,after ne year, he came back.他在2003年去了美国，一年后，他就回来了。
2.fr和since在表示时间时，一般用于完成时，fr与时间段连用，since与时间点连用。如：
We haven’t seen each ther fr years.我们已经有好多年没有见面了。
His father has taught in this schl since 1985.他的父亲自从1985年起就在这所学校教书。
3.表示位置时，in表示某一小地点在另一大地点之内；n表示两个地点相互接壤；t则表示两个地点互不接壤，并有一定的距离。如：
Taiwan is in the sutheast f China.台湾位于中国的东南部。
Shandng is n the nrth f Henan.山东位于河南的北部。
Japan lies t the east f China.日本位于中国东部。
4.between表示“在两者之间”，而amng表示“在三者或三者以上之中”。但当between用于三者或三者以上时，强调“两两之间”，侧重指人或物各自独立；而amng强调彼此不分离。如：
We have t many desks in ur class. There is hardly any rm t mve between them.我们教室里有太多的课桌，桌与桌之间几乎没有可以走动的空间了。
This village is amng the hills.这个村子被群山环绕。
5.表示方位时，n表示一个物体的位置在另一个物体之上，两者的表面相接触；abve表示一个物体比另一个物体所处的位置高，通常两个物体表面不接触；ver表示“在……的正上方”，强调在垂直的上方。如：
There is a map n the wall.墙上有一张地图。
The lights are abve ur heads.灯在我们头顶上。
Sme birds are flying ver the sea.有一些鸟在海上飞。
6.with, in, by
三者都可以译为“用”，但用法不同：with表示用某种工具，所用的东西都是具体的物品；in表示用某种材料、语言、声调等；by表示用某种方法或手段，多指使用某种交通工具。试比较：
Please write with a pen.请用钢笔书写。
She wrte a letter in a black ink.她用黑色的墨水笔写了一封信。
Can yu say it in Japanese? 你能用日语说吗？
I g t schl by bike.我骑自行车去上学。
7.besides和except都可译为“除……之外”，但含义不同：besides表示“除……以外，还有”，指在整体中加入一部分，含义是肯定的；except表示“从整体中除去一部分”，含义是否定的。如：
We all went besides him.除他之外，我们大家也都去了。(他去了)
We all went except him.除他之外，我们都去了。(他没有去)
8.instead f意为“代替”，后面接名词、代词或动名词；而instead是副词，意为“代替，顶替”，在句子中作状语，后面不能接任何成分。如：
He will g instead f me.他将代替我去。
She went t schl instead f staying at hme.她没有待在家里而是上学去了。
Give me this instead.换这个给我吧。
9.acrss和thrugh均可译为“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同：acrss的含义与n有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；而thrugh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行的。如：
The dg ran acrss the grass.这条狗跑过草地。
They walked thrugh the frest.他们步行穿过森林。
10.在this，that，these, next, last等组成的时间状语前不用介词。如:
We are in Grade Tw this year.今年我们上二年级。
Tm’s truble is very cmmn t bys these days.汤姆的问题这些天在男孩们中间很常见。
When did yu g t bed last night?你昨晚几点上床睡觉的？
The next day she gt up early and went t schl withut breakfast.第二天她起得很早，并且没吃早饭就去了学校。
11.当yesterday, tmrrw用作副词或构成短语时前面不用介词。如:
Can yu be here at eight tmrrw mrning?你明早八点能在这里吗？
Were yu at hme yesterday evening？你昨晚在家吗？
【题组训练】
时间介词
( )1.(2014·北京)I smetimes help my mm with her husewrk _____ Saturdays.
A.at B.in C.n D.t
( )2.(2014·宿迁)The 2014 Summer Yuth Olympic Games will be held_______ August in Nanjing.
A.in B.n C.by D.at
( )3.(2014·来宾)—When is Jay’s cncert?
—It’s ______three ’clck______ the afternn.
A.at;in B.at;n
C.in;in D.n;in
( )4.(2014·南充)—When were yu brn?
—I was brn______ a cld winter mrning in 1994.
A.in B.at C.n D.f
( )5.(2014·长沙)Mthers’ Day is_______ the secnd Sunday in May in the United States.
A.n B.in C.at
方位介词
( )6.(2014·重庆)Mr. Green’s ffice is _______ the 26th flr. Yu can take the lift there.
A.at B.in C.n D.fr
( )7.(2014·烟台)—Wuld yu please tell me the way t the Pacific Htel?
—G _______ the pst ffice，and yu’ll find it n the left.
A.pass B.past C.t pass D.passed
( )8.(2014·益阳)Uncle Tm lives ______ a farm _____ the cuntry.
A.in;at B.near;n C.n;in
( )9.(2014·天津)Cambridge is a small city______ the east f England.
A.between B.with C.in D.under
( )10.(2014·东营)On May 10th，a hrse was fund running happily_____ the busy street in Beijing.
A.at B.f C.in D.frm
表示往返的介词
( )11.(2014·河南)A cnversatin ____ a wise persn is wrth ten years’ study f bks.
A.fr B.like C.with D.t
( )12.(2014·铜仁)—Hw can we prtect urselves _____ the earthquake?
—We shuld stay calm first.
A.with B.abut C.fr D.frm
( )13.(2014·苏州)The castle stands in a quiet place _____ the main rad at the far end f the river.
A.t B.fr C.ff D.ut
( )14.(2014·连云港)—A persn’s life is like a rad ____ lts f difficulties.
—Yes，s we need psitive energy.
A.by B.with C.alng D.during
( )15.(2014·无锡)I hpe the train will arrive n time，but it’s _____ my cntrl.
A.within B.withut C.under D.beynd
其他介词
( )16.(2014·杭州)They usually g shpping ____ their lunch break.
A.against B.amng C.between D.during
( )17.(2014·潍坊)—What can I d fr yu?
—I hpe I have a nice huse ______ a big garden.
A.f B.with C.frm D.abut
( )18.(2014·盐城)Many cities in China，_____ Beijing，have been deeply affected by dirty air.
A.including B.behind C.withut D.beynd
( )19.(2014·莱芜)We can save mney ______ cking ur wn meals instead f eating utside.
A.by B.t C.fr D.with
( )20.(2014·绵阳)—Hw lng have yu stayed in this htel?
—Nt lng，just________ this Mnday.
A.frm B.since C.fr D.n
❷常用介词短语归纳
1.in frnt f和in the frnt f只差一个定冠词the，但用法不同：前者意为“在……的前面”，前后所指的内容不存在包含关系；而后者意为“在……的前面”，前后所指的内容存在包含关系。如：
Li Lei sits in frnt f me,but Wang Fang sits behind me.
李雷坐在我前面，而王芳坐在我的后面。
The desk is in the frnt f the classrm.书桌在教室的前面。
2.in the tree和n the tree都可以译为“在树上”，但用法不同：前者in the tree一般指本身不是树上的事物，而后者n the tree一般指树上本身长的东西。如：
I can see sme birds in the tree.我能看到树上有一些小鸟。
There are sme pears n the tree.树上结了一些梨。
3.in the wall表示嵌在墙里，而n the wall表示在墙的表面。如：
There is a hle in the wall.墙上有个洞。
There is a map n the wall.墙上有一幅地图。
4.“在太阳下”用in the sun，“在某人的帮助下”用with ne’s help或with the help f sb.如：
Dn’t read in the sun.别在太阳下看书。
With the teacher’s help，I gt sme prgress.在老师的帮助下，我取得了一些进步。
【题组训练】
( )21.(2014·徐州)Healthy eating _____ regular exercise is the best way t keep fit.
A.less than B.instead f
C.such as D.tgether with
( )22.(2014·山西)—The ship sinking f Krea teaches us t care fr urselves and the peple arund us.
—S it is. _____life is the mst imprtant t everyne.
A.Fr example B.At last C.After all
( )23.(2014·鄂州)—Everyne must ____ the security check(安检)befre getting n the plane at the airprt.
—Yes. It’s necessary t ensure the passengers’ safety.
A.get thrugh B.get acrss
C.g thrugh D.g acrss
( )24.(2014·遂宁)_____free educatin，mre and mre pr children can g back t schl in the muntain.
A.Withut B.Thanks t C.Instead f
( )25.(2014·金华)—Daniel is a by f few wrds.
—But______ ，he is warmhearted.
A.in a hurry B.in fact
C.in the end D.abve all
04 整合集训 反馈层级化
( )1.Hw des yur father g t wrk, ____ft r ____ car?
A.n;with B.with;n
C.by;n D.n;by
( )2.—Why are yu standing there, Maggie?
—I can’t see the blackbard clearly. Tw tall bys are sitting _______ me.
A.behind B.in frnt f
C.beside D.next t
( )3.—Is the tie made ______ silk?
—Yes. It’s made _____ Italy.
A.frm;in B.f;in C.frm;f D.f;frm
( )4.Taiwan is a beautiful island and it’s ____ the east f Fujian Prvince.
A.in B.n C.t D.at
( )5.Mr Smith lives ____ that building. His flat is ____ the fifth flr.
A.in;n B.f;t C.at;in D.t;at
( )6.—What time shall we meet ____ Sunday?
—Let’s meet ____ 10:00 ’clck.
A.in;at B.in;n C.n;in D.n;at
( )7.—All the clerks went hme ____ Mr Wang.Why?
—Because he had t finish his wrk.
A.except B.besides C.withut D .beside
( )8.The sunshine ges _____ the windw and makes the rm bright and warm.
A.acrss B.thrugh C.ver D.in
( )9.My sn is ____ a nice new cat. I paid ten punds _____it.
A.in;by B.in;fr C.n;by D.n;fr
( )10.—We’ll have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet?
—Let’s make it _____ half past eight _____ the mrning f June 23.
A.at;in B./;n C./;in D.abut;by
( )11.Let’s g ____ the rad. The shp is ____ the ther side.
A.acrss;n B.crss;n
C.thrugh;in D.between;n
( )12.He has gt a chair t sit____ ,but nbdy t talk___ .
A.n;t B./;with C .n;/ D./;t
( )13.If yu get n well ____ yur classmates, yu’ll enjy yur schl life mre.
A.t B.at C.with D.in
( )14.If yu were a little mre careful,yu culd find the key ____ the dr ____ the crner f the rm.
A.f;f B.t;in C.at;in D.t;f
( )15.The fd _____ my cuntry is quite different ____ that here.
A.in;like B.t;frm C.frm;t D.in;frm
( )16.___ the age f 13,Fu Mingxia was very famus in China _____ the yungest Olympic champin.
A.At;fr B.At;as C.On;fr D.In;as
( )17.They haven’t finished their wrk.Maybe they have sme truble ______ it.
A.n B.at C.in D.with
( )18. ______ the help f his teacher, he became gd at English.
A.Under B.On C.Fr D.With
( )19.It’s very nice ____ yu t give me the chance.
A.f B.fr C.t D.at
( )20.The plane will take ff ____ an hur. I must g t the airprt right nw.
A.in B.fr C.n D.at
( )21.—When will the dctr arrive?
—_____ tw hurs.
A.Fr B.At C.After D.In
( )22.She had t sell the huse even thugh it was ____ her wn wishes.
A.abve B.n C.against D.fr
( )23.The little elephant is afraid t g alne.He always walks ______ his mther.
A.belw B.besides C.beside D.under
( )24.____ the help f Tm, I made great prgress in physics.
A.Under B.On C.With D.By
( )25.—What did yu get ____ yur mther ____ Mther’s Day?
—A beautiful card and a scarf.
A.fr;in B.fr;n C.t;fr D.t;at
分类图解
分类
例词
表示
时间
in, at, n, between, since, fr, during, until, till, by, frm…t, behind, by, befre, past
表示
方位
in, at, n, arund, befre, in frnt f, between, behind, beside, near, under, abve, belw, next t, amng, rund
表示往返的方向
t, twards, rund, arund, thrugh, acrss, frm…t, int, ut f, ff, alng
其他
by, t, like, unlike, f, except, abut, against, with, but, as, withut
特例清单
分类图解
分类
例子
介词
+
名词
at hme在家里；at schl在学校；at nn在中午；at night在晚上；at wrk在工作；at sea在大海上；at the same time 同时；at times有时；at breakfast 早餐时；at midnight在午夜；at the mment在此刻；after a while 过了一会
by bus 乘公共汽车;by the way 顺便说；by the time 到……时候；by turns 轮流；by mistake错误地；by the dr在门口
in hspital住院；in the hspital 在医院；in the end 最后；in rder 整整齐齐；in rder t 以便；in n time 很快就……；in the daytime在白天；in turn 轮流；in time 及时;in frnt 在前方；in English 用英语；in the future将来的某个时刻；in future(整个)将来；in fact 事实上
n the way 在路上;n Sunday 在星期天 ；n shw 展出；n display 陈列；n fire 着火；n duty 值日；n the ther hand 另一方面；n ft 步行；n business 出差；n bard 在船(飞机)上；n hliday 在休假；n the telephne 在接(打)电话；n time 准时；n the left/right 在左边/右边；n sale 在出售；n watch 值班；n the earth 在地球上
with pleasure 很乐意；with ne’s help 在某人的帮助下
be
+
形容词
+
介词
be amazed at对……感到惊讶；be angry with生(某人的)气；be afraid f害怕；be busy with 忙于做……；be gd at擅长于；be full f 充满
be excited abut对……感到兴奋；be kind t 对……和善；be interested in 对……感兴趣
be famus fr 因……而著名；be late fr迟到；be ppular with 受……欢迎
be pleased with 对……感到满意；be prud f 对……感到骄傲；be ready fr为……准备好
be satisfied with对……满意；be wrried abut 为……担心
动词
+
介词
agree with 同意； ask fr 请求；begin with 以……开始；cme frm 出生，来自；call at探访
die f 死于；get n/ff 上车/下车； fill…with 用……装；fall ff从……落下
hear frm 收到(某人)的信；hear f 听说；lk at 看；g t bed 去睡觉； g t schl 去上学； lk fr 寻找；lk after 照顾
listen t 听……讲话；pay fr 付钱；pint t 指向；pint at 指着；send fr派人去叫；run acrss 碰到；
talk abut 谈论；think abut 考虑;wait fr 等候；write t 写信给……；wrry abut 担心
laugh at 嘲笑；fall behind 落在……后面;knck at 敲
介词
+
名词
+
介词
at the ft f在……脚下；n the tp f在……顶端；in the middle f 在……中间；in the frnt f 在……前面；in the east f在……东部
by means f借助；at the beginning f起初；by the end f 到……为止
at the age f在……岁时；at the head f 在……前头
特例清单
参考答案：
(五)介词
题组训练
1—5CAACA6—10CBCCC11—15CDCBD
16—20DBAAB21—25DCCBB
整合集训
1—5DBBCA6—10DABBB11—15AACBD
16—20BDDAA21—25DCCCB