2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧01长难句的分析与理解含解析202103052146

这是一份2021届高考英语二轮复习之阅读理解“典型技巧”高效练典型技巧01长难句的分析与理解含解析202103052146，共11页。

高考阅读理解的文章一般会有一些结构复杂的句子，增加了句子的长度和难度，干扰了学生正常的阅读速度和思维方式。
一、长难句的常见形式
1.复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
I urge yu t cntact yur state legislatrs t mve this legislatin frward s that this weekend will be ne f the last times when we have t “fall back”.
分析 此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, s that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。
2.分隔结构
高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
“The results are pretty exciting—strng levels f reductins—but there clearly are ging t be things t be learned frm the areas where the reductins are nt as great.” said Penn State University prfessr Elizabeth McGraw.
提醒 分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外的信息。
3.成分省略或倒装
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。
(2019·北京高考阅读)By the end f the century, if nt sner, the wrld's ceans will be bluer and greener thanks t a warming climate, accrding t a new study.
分析 此句正常语序为： By the end f the century, if it is nt sner, the wrld's ceans will be bluer and greener thanks t a warming climate, accrding t a new study.
二、长难句突破策略
1.结构分析法
通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分
较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。
【真题再现】
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A key skill set fr success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is heavily influenced by fathers.
分析 主语是A key skill，谓语是is，表语是persistence, a characteristic是同位语，解释说明persistence。that引导同位语从句，解释名词characteristic。
方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
There was a bit f me that didn't want t lve this when everyne else n the planet did, but the hrrr stry is brilliant.
分析 句中的but是并列连词，连接两个并列单句。
方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
【真题再现】
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A key finding is that ver time, children raised by an authritative father were significantly mre likely t develp persistence, which leads t better utcmes in schl.
分析 该句主语是A key finding, that引导表语从句，从句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名词persistence。
方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句
【真题再现】
(2019·北京高考阅读)“It'll be a while befre we can statistically shw that the changes are happening because f climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the clr f the cean will be ne f the early warning signals that we really have changed ur planet.”
分析 but引导两个并列的主从复合句， but前的主从复合句中是befre引导的时间状语从句，该从句中shw后是that引导的宾语从句； but后的主从复合句中，主语是the change，谓语是will be, that引导的同位语从句，解释说明名词signals的内容。
【技巧演练】（建议用时：45分钟）
1
If yu asked me t dance, I’d prbably freeze n the spt and sme peple say I have tw left feet! But with sme persuasin and Dutch curage I can be tempted t take t the dance flr and shake sme mves-and that, apparently, is nly natural.
Experts have fund as well as being fun, dancing might have helped us t survive as a species. Evlutinary anthrplgist(人类学家) Brnwyn Tarr frm the University f Oxfrd believes that dancing alne is ne thing but it’s dancing as a grup that makes ur brain reward us with a ccktail f feel-gd hrmnes that change hw we feel abut urselves and thse arund us. This is likely t lead t prfund scial effects. It’s keeping paces with thers that makes us happy. Brnwy Tarr says that “dancing fsters scial clseness between peple. It helps us build scial cnnectins and cmmunities. In ur past, thse scial cnnectins wuld have been critical fr surviving.”
Dance is als a gd way t keep fit and imprve ur mental health. In Wales there have been calls fr dctrs t prescribe dance classes t peple wh are unwell. The Arts Cuncil f Wales claims there are many health benefits. And Brnwyn Tarr says “mre and mre we’re actually discvering that yur lngevity(长寿)-yur life expectancy-is predicted by the scial cnnectins that yu have…still tday it’s smething we shuld d mre f.”
It culd be part f being a cnservative Englishman that makes me a reluctant dancer. Lk at ther natinalities such as Cubans where dancing is at the heart f their cultural identity. And in Brazil at Carnival time, peple let their hair dwn by dancing tgether day and night. They seem t be having a gd time-s maybe I shuld get n my feet and dance!
1.What des the authr imply in the first paragraph?
A.He desn’t like dances.B.He des nt dance well.
C.He lacks cnfidence in dance.D.He des everything ut f nature.
2.What can be inferred frm Tarr’s wrds in Paragraph 2?
A.Dancing alne desn’t benefit at all.
B.Dancing with thers helps peple survive.
C.It is funny t keep paces with ther peple.
D.It matters mst t dance n scial ccasins.
3.Hw des the authr feel abut dancing in the last paragraph?
A.Psitive.B.Negative.
C.Unclear.D.Objective.
4.Which is the best title fr the text?
A.What makes yu a real dancer?B.What can dances bring us?
C.Why d peple lve t dance?D.Hw can we dance well?
【答案】1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章剖析了“人为什么要跳舞”及跳舞对种群生存的积极意义。
1.推理判断题。根据第一段中“If yu asked me t dance, I’d prbably freeze n the spt and sme peple say I have tw left feet! （如果你请我跳舞，我可能会当场呆住，人们会说我笨手笨脚的。）”可知，作者不擅长跳舞。故选B项。
2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“Experts have fund as well as being fun, dancing might have helped us t survive as a species. （专家们发现，舞蹈不仅有趣，还可能帮助我们作为一个物种生存下来。）”和“Brnwy Tarr says that “dancing fsters scial clseness between peple. It helps us build scial cnnectins and cmmunities. In ur past, thse scial cnnectins wuld have been critical fr surviving.”（ Brnwy Tarr说：“跳舞能促进人们之间的社会亲密感。它帮助我们建立社会联系和社区。在我们过去，这些社会关系对生存至关重要。”）”可知，Brnwy Tarr认为和别人跳舞有助于人们生存。故选B项。
3.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They seem t be having a gd time-s maybe I shuld get n my feet and dance!（他们似乎玩得很开心，所以也许我应该站起来跳舞！）”可知，作者对跳舞的看法是积极的。故选A项。
4.主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Experts have fund as well as being fun, dancing might have helped us t survive as a species. （专家们发现，舞蹈不仅有趣，还可能帮助我们作为一个物种生存下来。）”和“This is likely t lead t prfund scial effects. （这可能会导致深远的社会影响。）”以及第三段中“Dance is als a gd way t keep fit and imprve ur mental health.（舞蹈也是一个很好的方式来保持健康，改善我们的心理健康。）”可知，文章剖析了“人为什么要跳舞”及跳舞对种群生存的积极意义，因此选项C“为什么人们喜欢跳舞？”最合适作文章标题。故选C项。
2
What d yu d with ld stuff? That dress yu bught fr a party three years ag, fr example. Yu wre it nce and put it away smewhere. S, what t d?
In the UK, we might take it t a charity shp. The first charity shps appeared in Britain in the 19th century. The Salvatin Army was ne f the first t run a secnd-hand clthing shp t prvide the needy with affrdable clthes. This was fllwed by charities such as the British Red Crss, wh als relieved hardship and raised mney fr the war effrt during Wrld War Tw. In 1947, Oxfam pened a charity shp in High Street, Oxfrd, which is the mdern frm we knw tday. These days, charity shps are a cmmn sight with arund 11, 200 shps acrss the UK, accrding t the Charity Retail Assciatin. During business hurs the public can dnate their unwanted items t a charity shp-clthes, bks, electrnics, furniture. These items are checked fr wear and tear and if fund still serviceable, priced up t be sld at a heavily discunted price.
Fr many, this is a win-win situatin. T the charity, it means a valuable surce f incme. T the cnsumer, it prvides the pprtunity t buy, ften extremely cheap items and clthes. T the dnatr, it may help t assuage cnsumer guilt. “Yu can make a pretty gd case t yurself that yu are ding gd, because what yu are ding is ging twards a charitable cause and yu are saving stuff frm landfill(垃圾堆),” Clare Press, fashin jurnalist and sustainable style advcate, tells the Guardian.
There are smetimes hidden treasures fr the buyers, t. Take a screen print fr example. It was bught fr 99p and later fund t be by English artist Ben Nichlsn. It was sld fr￡4, 200. S next time yu need t rid yurself f smething, spare a thught fr the charity shp-after all, charity begins at hme!
5.The text is mainly written t________.
A.cmment n the benefits f charity shps
B.analyze the ppularity f the UK charities
C.list the names f the first UK charity shps
D.intrduce smething abut UK charity shps
6.Mdern charity shps might be run by________.
A.British Red CrssB.The Salvatin Army
C.OxfamD.Charity Retail Assciatin
7.What des the underlined wrd “assuage” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A.Ease.B.Add.C.Mix.D.Increase.
8.What des the authr advise peple t d in the last paragraph?
A.Get rid f unwanted items.B.Start charity frm daily life.
C.Be envirnmentally friendly.D.Make a difference fr the future.
【答案】5.D 6.C 7.A 8.B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。介绍了英国的慈善商店，以及慈善商店带来的益处。
5.推理判断题。根据第二段内容“The first charity shps appeared in Britain in the 19th century. The Salvatin Army was ne f the first t run a secnd-hand clthing shp t prvide the needy with affrdable clthes.”（第一家慈善商店出现在19世纪的英国。救世军是最早经营二手服装店的组织之一，向有需要的人提供他们买得起的衣服。）以及第三段“Fr many, this is a win-win situatin.”（对许多人来说，这是双赢的局面。）可知本文主要目的是介绍英国的慈善店。故选D。
6.细节理解题。根据第二段“In 1947, Oxfam pened a charity shp in High Street, Oxfrd, which is the mdern frm we knw tday.”（1947年，牛津饥荒救济委员会在牛津的高街开了一家慈善商店，这就是我们今天所知道的现代形式。）可知，现代慈善商店可能会被Oxfam管理。故选C。
7.词句猜测题。根据前文“Fr many, this is a win-win situatin. T the charity, it means a valuable surce f incme. T the cnsumer, it prvides the pprtunity t buy, ften extremely cheap items and clthes.”（对许多人来说，这是双赢的局面。对于慈善机构来说，这意味着一种宝贵的收入来源。对消费者来说，它提供了购买的机会，通常是非常便宜的物品和衣服。）以及后文“Yu can make a pretty gd case t yurself that yu are ding gd, because what yu are ding is ging twards a charitable cause and yu are saving stuff frm landfill”（你可以很好地证明自己是在做好事，因为你所做的是为了慈善事业，你是从垃圾填埋场中节省东西）可推知，可以帮助捐赠者减轻负罪感。故assuage的意思是“减轻”的意思，A项ease减轻，缓解。故选A。
8.推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话“S next time yu need t rid yurself f smething, spare a thught fr the charity shp-after all, charity begins at hme!”（因此，下次你需要处理一些东西时，为慈善商店想一想——毕竟，慈善始于家庭!）由此判断出，作者建议慈善从家庭开始做，故选B。
3
As the birthplace f kites in the wrld, Weifang, Shandng prvince f China, prduces beautiful, vivid, clrful and high-quality kites. Nw, mre than 70% f kites in the wrld are exprted frm Weifang. If yu want t see varius shapes and sizes f kites cvering the sky, yu cannt miss the Weifang Kite Festival held n the third Saturday f every April.
But this year, tens f thusands f Chinese participants gathered in Weifang, frm Sept 26 t 29 fr the 37th Internatinal Kite Festival. Held since 1984, the Internatinal Kite Festival is an annual event t “exhibit the excellence f the kite lvers t the public,” accrding t the festival's website.
During the festival, kite lvers can enjy stunt (特技表演) kite flying, als knwn as aerial ballet. Cntrlled by either a single persn r a grup, the kites frm different shapes in the air. Peple always devte a lt f time and wisdm t making their wn kites. Frm animals that crawl (爬行) n the grund r swim in the water t legends like Mnkey King, everything can fly in the sky at the festival. One f this year's highlights was the giant kites decrated with images f medical staff and the Lng March 5 rcket, which reflect the ht tpics this year.
“Flying a kite is like flying yur dream. All the cultural symbls frm ancient and mdem times can be fund in the sky f Weifang,” nted Medium. After mre than three decades f develpment, the festival has becme a place t appreciate kites. But mst imprtantly, it serves as a unique cultural event t prmte internatinal exchange.
9.What des the text mainly talk abut?
A.A kite festival.B.A kite birthplace.
C.The future f kites.D.Kite perfrmances.
10.Fr what purpse is the kite festival held every year?
A.T enjy animals flying in the air.B.T shw kite-lvers' brilliance.
C.T perfrm specialized kite flying.D.T enhance Weifang's glbal impact.
11.What can be knwn frm Paragraph 3?
A.It takes a lt f truble t make a kite.B.Stunt kite flying is the nly highlight.
C.Imaginatin can be shwn in the kite.D.Decratins matter least in the shw.
12.What is the mst imprtant rle the festival plays?
A.It helps rganize an internatinal event.
B.It ffers tips n hw t appreciate kites.
C.It helps make the place knwn wrldwide.
D.It enhances internatinal cultural exchange.
【答案】9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了潍坊的国际风筝节。
9.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“ If yu want t see varius shapes and sizes f kites cvering the sky, yu cannt miss the Weifang Kite Festival held n the third Saturday f every April.（如果你想看到各种形状和大小的风筝覆盖天空，你不能错过每年四月的第三个星期六举行的潍坊风筝节。）”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了潍坊的风筝节。故选A项。
10.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Held since 1984, the Internatinal Kite Festival is an annual event t “exhibit the excellence f the kite lvers t the public,” accrding t the festival's website.（据国际风筝节网站介绍，自1984年以来，国际风筝节每年举行一次，目的是“向公众展示风筝爱好者的卓越才能”。）”可知，每年举行风筝节的目的是展示风筝爱好者的才能。故选B项。
11.推理判断题。根据第三段中“Peple always devte a lt f time and wisdm t making their wn kites. （人们总是投入大量的时间和智慧来制作他们自己的风筝。）”可知，想象力可以在风筝上表现出来。故选C项。
12.细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But mst imprtantly, it serves as a unique cultural event t prmte internatinal exchange.（但最重要的是，它是促进国际交流的独特文化活动。）”可知，这个节日最重要的作用是它促进了国际文化交流。故选D项。
4
Ocean Tday serves as a gate t the mst useful and interesting websites and rganizatins n cean science and culture, t thusands f cean-based curricula and educatinal resurces, t ur Ocean Directry f ver 18, 000 cean rganizatins wrldwide.
Our knwledge f the cean tday ges beynd the limits f a distant hrizn and mysterius deep. Thrugh explratin and scientific research, we have begun t learn mre abut its physical elements, its cultural cntributins, and its interactin with ther natural systems-climate and fresh water, fr example-that apply directly t ur persnal, financial, and scial welfare.
Wrld Ocean Observatry advcates fr the cean thrugh independent, respnsible, nn-plitical science, and is dedicated t advancing public understanding f cean issues thrugh institutinal cperatin and partnerships, pr-active prgrams, and cnnectin with individual subscribers arund the wrld.
Extreme Weather keeps us infrmed f the undated severe weather cnditins arund the wrld, including vivid images and reprts f hurricanes and typhns, tsunamis and waves, drughts. Hw d CO2 emissins(排放)r glbal warming affect ur weather? Is there a cnnectin between ur behavir and these phenmena? Hw can we prtect urselves frm the destructive effect?
Wrld Ocean Frum, dedicated t vices fr change in cean plicy and actin wrldwide, is linking unexpected peple with unexpected ideas and ffering a knwledgeable utlet fr research, pinin and strytelling. T inquire abut becming a cntributing writer, r t cntribute t ur Slutins Within Reach series, please cntact us at directr thew2.net.
A cntributin, in any amunt, helps t further advance glbal cean cmmunicatins. We are infrming millins f individuals arund the glbe, building plitical will, and changing the future by changing glbal perspectives f human impacts n the cean while sharing the knwledge that the sea cnnects all things.
13.What is the functin f Ocean Tday?
A.An entry t cean-based infrmatin.
B.A platfrm t exchange resurces.
C.A windw t learn mre abut eclgy.
D.An inspiratin t explre mre abut seas.
14.What des Extreme Weather fcus n?
A.Finding ut the driving frce behind the nature.
B.Prmting glbal cperatin t a better wrld.
C.Offering infrmatin abut latest weather change.
D.Prcessing data f greenhuse gas emissins.
15.If smene wants t make his vice heard, he might prbably chse________.
A.Ocean DirectryB.Wrld Ocean Observatry
C.Extreme WeatherD.Wrld Ocean Frum
【答案】13.A 14.C 15.D
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了提供海洋信息、关注海洋问题等的组织和网站。
13.细节理解题。根据第一段“Ocean Tday serves as a gate t the mst useful and interesting websites and rganizatins n cean science and culture, t thusands f cean-based curricula and educatinal resurces, t ur Ocean Directry f ver 18, 000 cean rganizatins wrldwide.（《今日海洋》为人们打开关于海洋科学和文化的最有用和最有趣的网站和组织，数以千计的海洋课程和教育资源，以及我们全球18000个海洋组织的海洋目录的大门。）”可知，《今日海洋》的功能是提供海洋信息的入口。故选A项。
14.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Extreme Weather keeps us infrmed f the undated severe weather cnditins arund the wrld, including vivid images and reprts f hurricanes and typhns, tsunamis and waves, drughts.（《极端天气》使我们了解世界各地未注明日期的恶劣天气状况，包括飓风和台风、海啸和海浪、干旱的生动图像和报告。）”可知，《极端天气》的焦点是提供最新天气变化信息。故选C项。
15.推理判断题。根据第五段中“Wrld Ocean Frum, dedicated t vices fr change in cean plicy and actin wrldwide, is linking unexpected peple with unexpected ideas and ffering a knwledgeable utlet fr research, pinin and strytelling.（《世界海洋论坛》，致力于改变全球海洋政策和行动的声音，将意想不到的人与意想不到的想法联系起来，并为研究、意见和故事提供一个知识丰富的渠道。）”可知，如果有人想让别人听到他的声音，他可能会选择《世界海洋论坛》。故选D项。