中招英语试题命题趋势及专题训练（八）完形填空说明文

这是一份中招英语试题命题趋势及专题训练（八）完形填空说明文，共34页。试卷主要包含了说明文完形填空的命题特点，说明文完形填空的解题方略，英语完形填空的失分原因分析，完形填空解题步骤等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点22 完形填空说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。考查趋势是：辨析词义，以实词为主，且第一局不设空，生词量有增无减，长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。
完形填空是英语考试中一项重要的考查内容。完形填空也是一种综合能力测试题，是对学生语法、词汇、句型、阅读能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的一种多方位的检测。按照考试大纲要求，通常在一篇200词左右的难度适中的文章中留出10个空白，要求学生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
一、说明文完形填空的命题特点：
       1.开头点题，首句不设空。说明文类完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象，这是掌握说明细节的前提。
       2.结构清晰，考查考生对文章结构的把握。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序，对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系，选择正确答案具有重要意义。
       3.难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体，表述准确严谨，生词术语较多，句子较长，结构较为复杂。
       4.说明文一般采用简练的语言（设空尤其注重语言的精炼），按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
       5.说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理，上下文联系紧密。
二、说明文完形填空的解题方略：
第一，快速通读全文，弄清短文大意。
对于此类文章我们结合选择项，进行粗读或略读，对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多，而题材又比较广泛，所以阅读时，首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
 第二，弄清楚说明的顺序。
把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。
第三，把握文章的组织结构，理清事实细节。
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时，我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾，从主题句着手，找出支持句，然后寻找文章的结论。这时，我们还要特别注意，不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑，我们在理解细节的基础上，还要斟酌文字的内涵意义，从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
第四，注重上下文语境。
我们应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离篇的原则逐项填空。
第五，熟练做题方法，遵循四个原则：
1.上下一致。每个选项必须从全文出发，从大处着手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成误选。
2. 语法正确。从语法地角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
3. 逻辑合理。在完形填空题中，逻辑推理非常重要，有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确，但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
4. 符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多，需要熟练掌握，仔细辨别它们是否是符合固定搭配才能解答好此类题。
【例如】
It’s a good habit to say “Thank you” when others help you or say something kind to you.
You should say “Thank you” when someone  26  you the salt on the table, when someone says you do your work well, or you buy a nice thing, or your city is very   27  . “Thank you” is used not only between friends, but also between parents and children, brothers and  28  , husbands and wives.
26. A. takes       B. passes C. sells  D. makes
27. A. beautiful    B. bad  C. small D. hot
28. A. classmates   B. teachers C. sisters D. cousins
【解析】本文开头点题，是关于 “Thank you”这个话题的，然后说明“Thank you”所用的情景和氛围。在选择时要围绕这个话题做题。
26.B.在此设置了四个情景，根据“合情合理”原则，只有在别人递给你盐这种情景下，才应该说Thank you。
27.A． 同样四个情景，也是根据“逻辑合理”的原则，选A。
28.C． 根据“上下一致”原则选C。
三、英语完形填空的失分原因分析
n 1、没有严格遵循答题步骤：
n 多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-18分钟。
n 切记：一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。
n 2、不注意积累答题技巧:
n a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;
n b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择。
四、完形填空解题步骤：通览------试填-----复核
1通览----速读全文，把握大意
快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构层次、情节、写作风格等等。
2试填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后
先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考虑。
3复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确
试填后，要把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。
【专题训练】
（一）
Most people give little thought to the pens they write with，especially since the printers in modern homes and offices mean that very __1__ things are handwritten.All too often，people buy a pen based only on __2__，and wonder why they are not satisfied __3__ they begin to use it.However，buying a pen that you'll enjoy is not __4__ if you keep the following in mind.
First of all，a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be __5__ to use.The thickness of the pen is the most important characteristic(特征) __6__ comfort.Having a small hand and thick fingers，you may be comfortable with a thin pen.If you have a __7__ hand and thicker fingers，you may __8__ a fatter pen.The length of a pen can __9__ influence comfort.A pen that is too __10__ can easily feel topheavy and unstable.
Then，the writing point of the pen should __11__ the ink to flow evenly(均匀地) while the pen remains in touch with the paper.__12__ will make it possible for you to create a __13__ line of writing.The point should also be sensitive enough to __14__ ink from running when the pen is lifted.A point that does not block the __15__ may leave drops of ink，__16__ you pick the pen up and put it down again.
__17__，the pen should make a thick，dark line.Fineline pens may __18__ bad handwriting，but fine，delicate lines do not command __19__ next to printed text，as，__20__，a signature on a printed letter.A broader line，on the other hand，gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威)
【短文大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者向我们介绍了什么形状的钢笔让我们使用起来感到舒服，笔尖的好坏对我们书写的影响以及线条的粗细和深浅所产生的影响。
1．A.many B．few C．pleasant D．important
【解析】由前句中的especially since the printers in modern homes and offices 可知打印机在家庭和办公室已经普及，所以可知很少的东西需要书写，故选B。
【答案】B
2．A.looks B．reason C．value D．advantages
【解析】人们买钢笔时经常仅仅根据外表。looks外表，外貌。
【答案】A
3．A.once B．if C．because D．though
【解析】不知道为什么一使用就感觉不满意。once连词，“一旦”。
【答案】A
4. A.convenient B．Practical C．strange D．difficult
【解析】然而如果你遵循下面方法的话，买一只你喜欢的钢笔并不难。由转折词however可知此处使用difficult符合句意。
【答案】D
5. A.heavy B．easy C．hard D．safe
【解析】拿在手中比较舒服的钢笔使用起来也比较容易。由fit comfortably可知此处指钢笔好用。
【答案】B
6. A.taking B．Finding C．determining D．seeking
【解析】决定钢笔使用起来是否舒服的最重要的因素是钢笔的粗细。determining起决定作用的，决定性的。【答案】C
7. A.stronger B．weaker C．smaller D．larger
【解析】如果你有一张大手并且手指较粗的话，你可能更喜欢一支较粗的钢笔。由上句的Having a small hand and thick fingers可知此处应该用和small相反的形容词。故选D。
【答案】D 8. A.prefer B．Recommend C．prepare D．demand
【解析】由前后句意可知此处应该用prefer(更喜欢)。
【答案】A
9. A.hardly B．also C．never D．still
【解析】钢笔的长度也能影响它的舒服感。由上下文可知此处是在说明影响钢笔舒服感的另一方面，故用also。
【答案】B
10. A.thick B．light C．long D．soft
【解析】太长的钢笔会使人感到顶端太重以及不稳定。由前后句意可知此处强调太长的钢笔的弊端。
【答案】C
11. A.change B．allow C．reduce D．press
【解析】笔尖应该能够使墨水均匀地流出。allow sb/ sth to do sth准许某人/物做某事。
【答案】B
12. A.They B．One C．This D．Some
【解析】这将使你的书写很流畅。this代词，指代上句内容。
【答案】C
13. A.thin B．rough C．black D．smooth
【解析】由上句笔尖能够使墨水均匀流出可知此处指：使写出流畅的字体成为可能。smooth流畅的、光滑的。
【答案】D
14. A.prevent B．free C．protect D．remove
【解析】笔尖也应该是灵敏的，以致当钢笔被举起时能够阻止墨水流出。prevent...from...阻止……做……。
【答案】A
15. A.way B．sight C．flow D．stream
【解析】在你提起笔或者放下笔的时候，笔尖如果不能阻止墨水流出来，那么写出来的就会是一滴滴的墨水，block阻塞，堵塞。此题易误选A，block the way堵塞道路，不符合句意要求。
【答案】C
16. A.so B．as C．and D．yet
【解析】as当……的时候。
【答案】B
17. A.Meanwhile B．Generally C．Afterwards D．Finally
【解析】由第二段句首的First of all和第三段句首的Then以及最后一段的内容可知此处应该用finally，表示此段介绍了钢笔的最后一个特点。
【答案】D
18. A.show up B．differ from C．break down D．compensate for
【解析】优美线条的钢笔可以弥补蹩脚的书写。compensate for 补偿，赔偿。又如：Her intelligence more than compensates for her lack of experience.她的智慧大大弥补了她经验的不足。
【答案】D
19. A.attention B．Support C．respect D．admission
【解析】但是紧挨着印刷材料的细的、柔软的书写不会博得人们的注意。command attention博得(引起)注意。又如：The headlines commanded her attention.那些标题引起了她的注意。
【答案】A
20. A.at most B．for example C．in brief D．on purpose
【解析】例如，印刷信件上的签名。for example例如。at most 最多；in brief简言之；on purpose故意。
【答案】B
（二）
Body language is the quiet, secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks__1__ than words. According to specialists, our bodies send out more __2__ than we realize. In fact, nonverbal (非言语) communication takes up about 50% of what we really__3__. And body language is particularly __4__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures. Indeed, what is called body language is so __5__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed. And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. __6__ different societies treat the__7__ between people differently.
Northern Europeans usually do not like having __8__contact (接触) even with friends, and certainly not with __9__. People from Latin American countries, __10__ touch each other quite a lot. Therefore, it's possible that in __11__， it may look like a Latino is __12__ a Norwegian all over the room. The Latino, trying to express friendship, will keep moving __13__. The Norwegian, very probably seeing this as pushiness, will keep __14__—which the Latino will in return regard as __15__.
Clearly, a great deal is going on when people __16__. And only a part of it is in the words themselves. And when parties are from __17__ cultures, there's a strong possibility of __18__. But whatever the situation the best __19__ is to obey the Golden Rule: treat others as you would like to be __20__.
【短文大意】本文主要阐述了在交流中肢体语言所起的重要作用。不同文化背景的人对肢体语言的理解是不一样的。本文意在告诫人们在跨文化交际中要遵循黄金法则：你希望别人如何对待你，你就如何对待别人。在第一段说明“body language”在交际中的重要作用的基础上，第二段提出了解决“misunderstanding”的方法，即第二段的最后一句：treat others as you would like to be __20__.
1．A.straighter　　　　 B．louder C．harder D．further
【答案】B　
【解析】身势语比话语表达更“响亮”。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是文章首句中的“most powerful language”。
2．A.sounds B．invitations C．feelings D．messages
【答案】D　
【解析】在专家们看来，身势语能够传递出的信息比我们意识到的更多。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是文章开头两句的内容及空前的“bodies”和“send out”。
3．A.hope B．receive C．discover D．mean
【答案】D　
【解析】事实上，非语言类交流在表达我们真正的用意时，占大约50%。词义辨析题。明确各选项意义是关键：hope“希望”；receive“收到”；discover“发现，察觉”；mean“想说(的话)，想表达(的意思)”。
4．A.immediate B．misleading C．important D．difficult
【答案】C　
【解析】当我们试图进行跨文化交流时，身势语就显得格外重要。生活常识和文化背景题。根据常识，跨文化交流多有语言障碍，故身势语的作用便尤为重要。
5．A.well B．far C．much D．long
【答案】C　
【解析】身势语是我们自身很大的一部分，以至于它实际上经常被忽视。上下文语义理解题。本段第四句提到身势语在日常交际中占到了一半，故此句表示它是我们自身很大的一部分。
6．A.For example B．Thus C．However D．In short
【答案】A　
【解析】例如，不同的社会群体在对待人与人之间的距离的问题上观点是不同的。逻辑关系题。信息依据是上一句提到的会发生误解及下文所举的例子。for example用于举例说明。
7．A.trade B．distance C．connections D．greetings
【答案】B　
【解析】例如，不同的社会群体在对待人与人之间的距离的问题上观点是不同的。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后下一句提到了拉丁人努力缩短和挪威人之间的距离。
8．A.eye B．verbal C．bodily D．telephone
【答案】C　
【解析】北欧人通常不喜欢身体接触，甚至朋友之间，北欧人也不喜欢肢体上的接触，对于陌生人，他们当然更不会喜欢这种接触了。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是下面几句所列举的例子，另外，10空后的“touch”也是提示。
9. A.strangers B.relatives C.neighbours D.enemies
【答案】A　
【解析】北欧人通常不喜欢身体接触，甚至朋友之间，北欧人也不喜欢肢体上的接触，对于陌生人，他们当然更不会喜欢这种接触了。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前该句中出现的“friends”，两者形成对比。
10. A.in other words B.on the other hand C.in a similar way D.by all means
【答案】B　
【解析】另一方面，拉美国家的人身体接触很多。逻辑关系题。信息依据是上一句提到北欧人不喜欢身体接触，而本句提到拉美国家的人身体接触很多，所以用on the other hand与上文形成对比。
11．A.trouble B.conversation C.silence D.experiment
【答案】B　
【解析】因此，在交谈中，拉丁美洲人看起来总是跟着挪威人满房间跑的情况是有可能发生的。生活常识及文化背景题。根据常识，身势语在交谈中才能体现出来，其余选项都与交际的关系不密切。
12．A.disturbing B.helping C.guiding D.following
【答案】D　
【解析】因此，在交谈中，拉丁美洲人看起来总是跟着挪威人满房间跑的情况是有可能发生的。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是下面两句所讲述的内容。在交谈中，拉丁人想离对方近一些以示友谊，而挪威人却一直在后退，故好像是拉丁人在跟着挪威人跑一样。
13．A.closer B．faster C．in D．away
答案：A　
【解析】拉丁人会不断靠近，以示亲近。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前的“trying to express friendship”。
14．A. stepping forward B. going on C. backing away D. coming out
【答案】C　
【解析】挪威人很可能认为这种亲近行为很粗鲁并不断“后退”，而拉丁美洲人会将这种行为视为冷淡。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是本句中的“pushiness”及该段倒数第五句提到的挪威人不喜欢身体接触。
15．A.weakness B．carelessness C.friendliness D．coldness
【答案】D　
【解析】挪威人很可能认为这种亲近行为很粗鲁并不断“后退”，而拉丁美洲人会将这种行为视为冷淡。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是本段倒数第四句提到的拉丁美洲人有很多身体接触，故他们会将对方后退躲避的行为视为冷淡。
16．A. talk B．travel C. laugh D．think
【答案】A　
【解析】显然，当人们交谈的时候，很多东西在进行。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是上文出现的“conversation”以及下句中的“words”。
17．A.different B．European C.Latino D．rich
【答案】A　
【解析】当来自不同文化的人聚集在一起时，很可能产生误解。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第一段中的“And body language is particularly __4__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures”，两者相呼应，故此处表示拥有不同文化背景的人。
18．A.curiosity B．excitement C.misunderstanding D．nervousness
【答案】C　
【解析】当来自不同文化的人聚集在一起时，很可能产生误解。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是第一段中出现的“misunderstanding”以及拉丁人和挪威人之间的误解。
19．A.chance B.time C.result D.advice
【答案】D　
【解析】不管情况如何，最好的建议是遵从这条黄金法则：你希望别人怎样对待你，你就应该怎样对待别人。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空后的“to obey the Golden Rule：...”。
20．A.noticed B.treated C.respected D.pleased
【答案】B　
【解析】不管情况如何，最好的建议是遵从这条黄金法则：你希望别人怎样对待你，你就应该怎样对待别人。上下文语义理解题。信息依据是空前的“treat”。
（三）
A Swedish couple on holiday were traveling around Italy, and wanted to go to Capri. Capri is an island in the south of the country,___1___ for its beautiful coastline and a popular tourist destination (目的地). The couple put their destination into their car’s GPS (全球定位系统), ___2___ they made a spelling mistake. They ___3___typed CARPI instead of CAPRI. There is a real place called Carpi in Italy, but it is a small town in the___4___of the country.
The couple followed the GPS directions. Although they were traveling to an island, it didn’t___5___them that they didn’t even cross a bridge or see the sea. When they arrived in Carpi, they went to the tourist office. They asked ___6___ they could go to the Blue Grotto, a well-known sea cave in Capri. Of course, the office worker there couldn’t ___7___ them. He thought they wanted to go to a ___8___ called the Blue Grotto for dinner.
When the man realized that the couple thought they were in Capri, he ___9___ their mistake. The couple got back into their car and started driving south. The office worker said, “They were____10____, but not angry.”
It was a spelling mistake that took the couple 600 kilometres from their destination.
1. A. suitable B. useful C. good D. famous
2. A. and B. so C. or D. but
3. A. slowly B. carelessly C. patiently D. clearly
4. A. north B. south C. east D. west
5. A. satisfy B. relax C. worry D. touch
6. A. how B. where C. why D. what
7 A. refuse B. control C. doubt D. understand
8. A. museum B. restaurant C. station D. library
9. A. continued B. accepted C. explained D. repeated
10. A. interested B. surprised C. excited D. pleased
【文章大意】本文主要讲一对夫妇在意大利度假，想要去Capri，却因在导航中拼写错地名而去了一个地处相反方向的小镇。
1. 【答案】D
【解析】句意：卡普里岛是该国南部的一个岛屿，以其美丽的海岸线和著名的旅游目的地而闻名。
suitable合适的；useful有用的；good好的；famous著名的。根据空后“for its beautiful coastline and a popular tourist destination”讲到卡普里岛有美丽的海岸线，且是受欢迎的旅游目的地，可推出此处是说卡普里岛因这些而著名，famous for以……著名。故选D。
2. 【答案】D
【解析】句意：这对夫妇把他们的目的地输进了汽车的GPS，但是他们犯了一个拼写错误。
and和；so因此；or否则；but但是。空前讲“把目的地输入汽车GPS”，空后讲“犯了一个拼写错误”，前后句意出现转折，用but符合题意。故选D。
3. 【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们不小心把CAPRI打成了CARPI。slowly缓慢地；carelessly粗心地，不小心地；patiently耐心地；clearly清晰地。根据空后“typed CARPI instead of CAPRI”讲到了具体的拼写错误，可知此处是说不小心，用carelessly符合题意。故选B。
4. 【答案】A
【解析】句意：意大利有个地方叫卡尔皮，但它是意大利北部的一个小镇。north北方；south南方；east东方；west西方。根据上文“Capri is an island in the south of the country”讲到卡普里岛在意大利南部，而下文“The couple got back into their car and started driving south.”又讲到这对夫妇意识到错误后开始南行，可推出卡尔皮是在意大利北部，用north符合题意。故选A。
5. 【答案】C
【解析】句意：虽然他们要去一个小岛，但他们甚至没有过桥或看到海也没有使他们担心。satisfy牺牲；relax放松；worry（使）担心；touch触摸。根据题干中“Although”引导让步状语从句，可推出此处是说尽管他们要去一个小岛，他们也没有因没过桥或看不到海而担心，用worry符合题意。故选C。
6. 【答案】A
【解析】句意：他们问怎么才能去卡普里岛一个有名的海洞——蓝色洞穴。how如何；where在哪里；why为什么；what什么。根据空后“they could go to the Blue Grotto”结合选项可知是问如何去蓝色洞穴，用how符合题意。故选A。
7. 【答案】D
【解析】句意：当然，那里的办公室职员听不懂。refuse拒绝；control控制；doubt怀疑；understand理解。根据下文“He thought they wanted to go to a ____ called the Blue Grotto for dinner.”可知卡皮尔的工作人员以为他们要找吃饭的地方，由此可推出是不理解他们，用understand符合题意。故选D.
8. 【答案】B
【解析】句意：他认为他们想去一家叫做“蓝色洞穴”的餐厅吃晚餐。museum博物馆；restaurant餐厅；station车站；library图书馆。根据题干中“for dinner”可知要去餐厅，用restaurant符合题意。故选B。
9. 【答案】C
【解析】句意：当这名男子意识到这对夫妇以为他们在卡普里岛时，他解释了他们的错误。continued继续；accepted接受；explained解释；repeated重复。根据下文“The couple got back into their car and started driving south.”讲这对夫妇开始南行，可推出工作人员为其解释了他们犯的错误，用explained符合题意。故选C。
10. 【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们很惊讶，但并不生气。interested感兴趣的；surprised惊讶的；excited兴奋的；pleasd愉快的。根据上文可知这对夫妇输错了地址，没有到达自己的目的地却没有意识到，工作人员指出他们的错误后他们会很惊讶，用surprised符合题意。故选B。
（四）
Colour is a part of life. The whole world is full of colours. Almost 1 has a colour. Some things are yellow like cheese, lemons and bananas. 2 things are red. For example, warning signs are usually red. 3 is the colour of most spring leaves and grass.
4 is blue? Blue is the colour of 5 .We can also see the blue sky, blue eyes, blue birds and blue jeans. There are many 6 colours too, such as orange, brown, purple, white and black.
The world changes its colours with the 7 of the year. Spring is green. Summer is red. It turns gold in autumn and then 8 in winter. When winter is gone and spring is back, the world turns green again. When winter is gone and spring comes back, the world turns green again.
9 a rainstorm you may see something that has many different colours in the sky. It is a rainbow. But 10 different colours, can you imagine what the world looks like?
1. A. none B. nothing C. something D. everything
2. A. Few B. A little C. Lots of D. Little
3. A. Green B. Red C. Yellow D. Blue
4. A. When B. What C. Who D. Why
5. A. the sun B. grass C. sea D. ground
6. A. other B. another C. extra D. else
7. A. months B. seasons C. days D. weeks
8. A. red B. green C. yellow D. white
9. A. Until B. After C. Before D. But
10. A. with B. without C. for D. within
【文章大意】本篇文章介绍了整个世界充满了色彩。几乎每样东西都有颜色。黄色的柠檬和香蕉，红色的警告标志，绿色的春天叶子和草，蓝色的海洋等等，还有许多其他颜色，如橙色、棕色、紫色、白色和黑色。世界随着一年中的季节颜色的变化而变化。暴风雨过后，你可能会看到天空中的彩虹。
1. D【解析】句意：几乎所有东西都有颜色。考查不定代词。A. none没有人，没有任何东西；B. nothing没有东西，无物；C. something某物，某东西；D. everything一切，所有东西。根据上文The whole world is full of colours.（整个世界充满了色彩。）可知此句是“几乎所有东西都有颜色。”结合句意可知填everything；选D。
2. C【解析】句意：很多东西都是红色的。考查形容词辨析。A. Few很少，几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；B. A little一点，一些，修饰不可数名词；C. Lots of许多，大量的，修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词；D. Little很少，几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据下文For example, warning signs are usually red.（例如，警告标志通常是红色的。）可知“很多东西都是红色的。”选C。
3. A【解析】句意：绿色是大多数春天叶子和草的颜色。考查名词辨析。A. Green绿色；B. Red红色；C. Yellow黄色；D. Blue蓝色。结合句意可知填Green；选A。
4. B【解析】句意：什么是蓝色？考查特殊疑问词。A. When什么时候；B. What什么；C. Who谁；D. Why为什么。根据下文“Blue is the colour of 5 .（蓝色是海洋的颜色。）”可知此句是“什么是蓝色？”结合句意可知填What，选B。
5. C【解析】句意：蓝色是海洋的颜色。考查名词辨析。A. the sun太阳；B. grass草；C. sea海洋；D. ground土地。结合句意可知填sea；选C。
6. A【解析】句意：还有许多其他颜色，如橙色、棕色、紫色、白色和黑色。考查形容词辨析。A. other其他的；B. another又一个，再一个；C. extra额外的，附加的；D. else其他的，一般修饰不定代词或特殊疑问词，且要后置。结合句意填other；选A。
7. B【解析】句意：世界随着一年中的季节颜色的变化而变化。考查名词辨析。A. months月；B. seasons季节；C. days白天；D. weeks星期，周。结合句意可知填season；选B。
8. D【解析】句意：秋天变成金黄色，冬天变成白色。考查形容词辨析。A. red红色；B. green绿色；C. yellow黄色；D. white白色。结合句意可知填white；选D。
9. B【解析】句意：暴风雨过后，你会看到天空中有许多不同颜色的东西。考查连词辨析。A. Until直到；B. After在……以后；C. Before在……以前；D. But但是。结合句意可知填After；选B。
10. B【解析】句意：但是如果没有不同的颜色，你能想象这个世界是什么样子的吗？考查介词辨析。A. with有，和；B. without没有；C. for为了，给；D. within在……的范围内。结合句意可知填without；选B。
（五）
My parents usually celebrate a special day by enjoying a special kind of ice wine called Canadian ice wine.
My mother 1 told me the story of ice wine. To make it, people must freeze grapes on the vine（葡萄树）. You might think this is strange, 2 it is true. Sometimes, a great new product is invented by accident. And that’s exactly 3 we got ice wine.
In the 1700s in Germany, a man was away from 4 farm in the autumn. The weather suddenly turned 5 and his grapes froze. When he tasted the grapes, to his 6 , the grapes tasted so sweet. Then, he 7 to use these grapes to make some wine. Guess what? People really liked his wine. For two centuries, 8 was the only place making ice wine. Then a Canadian got the idea that this kind of wine could be 9 in Canada. After all, the winters are cold in Canada and that’s the main 10 for making ice wine. After hard work, some grape farmers 11 the best process, and soon Canadian ice wine began to be sold all over the world.
The story of ice wine got me thinking. What other inventions came about 12 ? It’s really hard to imagine the world 13 penicillin(青霉素) that has saved millions of lives. And the microwave has certainly changed the way we 14 .
Life is sometimes like that. Something even better comes along 15 we keep our eyes and mind open.
1. A. once B. also C. only D. never
2. A. and B. but C. if D. so
3. A. why B. when C. how D. where
4. A. his B. our C. your D. her
5. A. hot B. wet C. dry D. cold
6. A. sadness B. surprise C. worry D. shyness
7. A. refused B. forgot C. decided D. failed
8. A. Canada B. England C. France D. Germany
9. A. found B. produced C. sold D. ordered
10. A. requirement B. achievement C. instrument D. development
11. A. gave up B. made up C. cared about D. found out
12. A. by heart B. in half C. by accident D. in secret
13. A. among B. through C. except D. without
14. A. cook B. sleep C. rest D. exercise
15. A. because B. if C. unless D. though
【文章大意】本文通过讲述冰酒的酿酒工艺的偶然发现，告诉我们如果我们保持眼界和思想的开阔，就会有更好的事情发生。
1. A【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. once 曾经， B. also 也，C. only 只有，D. never从不；句意：我母亲曾经给我讲过冰酒的故事。此处的动词told是一般过去时，故用once，故选A。
2. B【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。A. and 而且，B. but 但是，C. if 如果， D. so所以。句意：你可能认为这是奇怪的，但是这是真实的。结合句意，前半句表示这是奇怪的，后半句表示这是真实的，前后表示转折关系，故用连词but，故选B。
3. C【解析】考查代词及语境的理解。A. why 为什么，B. when 何时， C. how 如何， D. where哪里。句意：这正是我们如何得到冰酒的。根据前文的Sometimes, a great new product is invented by accident.可知此处表示冰酒是如何产生的，故用疑问词how，故选C。
4. A【解析】考查代词及语境的理解。A. his他的， B. our 我们的， C. your 你的，D. her她的。句意：18世纪，在德国，一个人在秋天离开了他的农场。此处主语是a man，故用his修饰名词farm，故选A。
5. D【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. hot 热的，B. wet 湿的， C. dry 干的，D. cold冷的。句意：天气突然变冷，他的葡萄都冻僵了。根据his grapes froze可知他的葡萄都冻僵了，因此表示天气变冷了，故选D。
6. B【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. sadness 悲伤，B. surprise惊讶，C. worry 担心， D. shyness害羞。句意：当他品尝葡萄时，令他感到惊讶的是，那葡萄品尝起来非常甜。结合前后文可知天变冷了，葡萄吃起来很甜，因此这是令他感到惊讶的，故选B。
7. C【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. refused 拒绝， B. forgot 忘记， C. decided 决定， D. failed失败。句意：然后，他决定使用这些葡萄来制作一些酒。根据People really liked his wine.可知他喜欢他的酒，因此决定制作酒，decide to do sth决定做某事，故选C。
8. D【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. Canada 加拿大， B. England 英国，C. France 法国，D. Germany德国。句意：对于两个国家来说，德国是唯一制作冰酒的地方。根据前文的In the 1700s in Germany, a man was away from _____4_____ farm in the autumn. T和Then, he ____7____ to use these grapes to make some wine.可知此处表示德国制作冰酒，故选D。
9. B【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. found 找到， B. produced 生产，C. sold 出售， D. ordered命令。句意：后来一个加拿大人想到这种酒可以在加拿大生产。根据后文的After all, the winters are cold in Canada and that’s the main ____10____ for making ice wine.可知此处指在加拿大生产冰酒，故选B。
10. A【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. requirement 要求， B. achievement 成就， C. instrument仪器， D. development发展。句意：毕竟，加拿大的冬天很冷，这是制作冰酒的主要要求。根据前文的To make it, people must freeze grapes on the vine（葡萄树）.可知制作冰酒，主要的要求就是天气冷，故选A。
11. D【解析】考查动词短语及语境的理解。A. gave up 放弃，B. made up 化妆， C. cared about 在乎， D. found out查明，发现。句意：经过努力，一些葡萄农发现了最好的酿酒工艺，不久加拿大的冰酒开始销往世界各地。根据宾语the best process可知此处表示发现了最好的酿酒工艺，故选D。
12. C【解析】考查介词短语及语境的理解。A. by heart凭记忆，B. in half 分成两半，C. by accident 偶然，D. in secret秘密地。句意：其他发明有哪些是偶然产生的？根据a great new product is invented by accident.可知新产品是偶然产生的，故选C。
13. D【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。A. among 在……之间，B. through 通过，C. except 除了……之外，D. without没有。句意：真的很难想象没有挽救了数百万人的生命的青霉素的世界。此处表示很难想象没有青霉素的世界会是什么样，故选D。
14. A【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. cook煮，B. sleep 睡觉，C. rest 修饰，D. exercise锻炼。句意：微波炉确实改变了我们的烹饪方式。根据主语the microwave可知微波炉是烹饪用的工具，故选A。
15. B【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。A. because因为，B. if 如果，C. unless 除非，D. though尽管。句意：如果我们保持眼界和思想的开阔，就会有更好的事情发生。此处表示条件，故用连词if，故选B。
（六）
Are you shy? If you are, you are not alone. In fact, nearly 50% of the people are shy, and almost 80% feel shy at some points in their lives. Why are people___1___?
It is found that family size might ___2___ people to be shy. Kids with no ___3___ or sisters may be shy. Growing up alone, they often play by themselves. They are not able to ___4___ the same social skills as kids from big families.
Another cause of shyness might be ___5___. As more and more people use the Internet, they ___6___ less time outside. As a result, they lose chances to communicate with others. ___7___ to new people face to face can make them feel nervous.
For shy people, it can be___8___to make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job. But scientists say you can overcome your shyness. They suggest trying ___9___ things and practicing more conversations.
Anyway, don't be ____10____ of shyness——you are valued for what you are!
1. A. interested B. bored C. shy D. brave
2. A. want B. cause C. teach D. let
3. A. teachers B. friends C. classmates D. brothers
4. A. stand B. invent C. buy D. develop
5. A. praise B. decision C. technology D. dream
6. A. design B. spend C. collect D. save
7. A. Nodding B. Running C. Speaking D. Jumping
8. A. easy B. safe C. dangerous D. difficult
9. A. new B. private C. wrong D. heavy
10. A. afraid B. fond C. proud D. full
【文章大意】本文介绍了人们害羞的原因，并提出了克服害羞的一些建议。
1.C【解析】句意：人们为什么会害羞呢？interested感兴趣的；bored无聊的；shy害羞的；brave勇敢的。根据前文In fact, nearly 50% of the people are shy, and almost 80% feel shy at some points in their lives“事实上，50%的人们是害羞的，几乎80%的人在生活的某一时刻感到害羞”，可知，此处是根据这些数据来提出问题“为什么人们会害羞呢”，所以空格处填shy。故选C。
2.B【解析】句意：研究发现，家庭规模可能会导致人们害羞。want想要；cause导致；teach教；let让。根据上文Why are people shy，可知，此处是回答什么原因导致了人们害羞，所以空格处填cause。故选B。
3.D【解析】句意：没有兄弟姐妹的孩子可能会害羞。teachers老师们；friends朋友们；classmates同学们；brothers兄弟们。or在否定句中连接两个并列关系的名词，根据or后sisters，可知，此处表示“没有兄弟或姐妹”，所以空格处填brothers。故选D。
4.D【解析】句意：他们不能像来自大家庭的孩子那样培养相同的社交技能。stand站立；invent发明；buy买；develop培养。根据空格后social skills，可知，此空表示“培养社交技能”，所以空格处填develop。故选D。
5.C【解析】句意：另一个引起害羞的原因可能是科技。praise表扬；decision决定；technology科技；dream梦想。根据As more and more people use the Internet, they spend less time outside“随着越来越多的人使用互联网，他们花费很少的时间外出”，可知，像互联网这种科技可能是引起害羞的另一个原因，所以空格处填technology。故选C。
6.B【解析】句意：随着越来越多的人使用互联网，他们花费很少的时间外出。design设计；spend花费；collect收集；save节省。根据As a result, they lose chances to communicate with others，可知，他们花很少时间外出，因此失去和其他人沟通的机会，所以空格处填spend。故选B。
7.C【解析】句意：跟陌生人面对面说话可能使他们感到紧张。nodding点头；running跑步；speaking说话；jumping跳跃。根据they lose chances to communicate with others，可知，他们失去了和其他人沟通的机会，所以跟陌生人说话时会感到紧张，所以此空填动名词speaking作主语。故选C。
8.D【解析】句意：对于害羞的人来说，交友，在班上发言，甚至获得一份好工作都很难。easy容易的；safe安全的；dangerous危险的；difficult困难的。根据For shy people及make friends, speak in class, and even get a good job，可知，对于害羞的人来说，交友，在班上发言，甚至获得一份好工作都很难，所以空格处填difficult。故选D。
9.A【解析】句意：他们建议尝试新事物，并练习更多的对话。new新的；private私人的；wrong错误的；heavy沉重的。根据前文But scientists say you can overcome your shyness，可知，科学家们建议害羞的人尝试新事物来克服害羞，所以空格处填new。故选A。
10.A【解析】句意：无论如何，不要害怕害羞——你的价值在于你是什么样的人。afraid害怕的；fond喜欢的；proud自豪的；full满的。根据上文But scientists say you can overcome your shyness. They suggest trying new things and practicing more conversations，可知，科学家提出的克服害羞的建议就是让你不要害怕害羞，固定搭配be afraid of sth“害怕某事”，所以空格处填afraid。故选A。
（七）
Now people can pay by scanning(扫描）their faces while shopping. Is it ___1___ to pay by scanning other parts of our bodies? Amazon has a new technology that scans ___2___.
The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand. The scanner examines things such as finger prints. It then sends a picture to a certain center which can decide who the person is.
In September 2019, Amazon made a payment system for a US supermarket. People can pay ___3___ by scanning their hands under a machine. Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards, so they can pay successfully. It's quite convenient, especially for ___4___ people. With this new technology, people ___5___take their cards with them. They just scan their hands.
1.A. possible B.important C.strange
2.A.eyes B.faces C.hands
3.A.usually B.simply C.really
4.A.old B.poor C.smart
5.A.mustn't B.can't C.needn't
【文章大意】本文向我们介绍了亚马逊新开发的支付系统，可以通过扫描手进行支付。
1.A【解析】句意：有没有可能通过扫描我们身体的其他部位来支付呢？possible可能的；important重要的；strange奇怪的。分析上下文可知，此处表示目前人们可以通过面部识别技术进行支付，那么扫描其他部位可不可能进行支付呢？强调“可能的”，故选A。
2.C【解析】句意：亚马逊有一项扫描人手的新技术。eyes眼睛；faces面部；hands手。根据后文“The technology can tell if the person is the right one by scanning his or her hand.”可知，是通过扫描手部进行识别的。故选C。
3.B【解析】句意：人们只需在机器下面扫描自己的手就可以支付。usually通常；simply简单地；really真地。分析句子可知，此处表示“人们只需在机器下面扫描自己的手就可以支付”的含义，强调方式简单，其他两项语意不通。故选B。
4.A【解析】句意：它很方便，尤其是对老年人来说。old年老的；poor贫穷的；smart聪明的。根据前文“Their hand scan is connected to their bank cards, so they can pay successfully.”可知，他们的手扫描与他们的银行卡相连，所以他们可以成功支付，方式非常简单，所以适合老人使用，其他两项不符合语境。故选A。
5.C【解析】句意：有了这项新技术，人们就不需要随身携带信用卡了。mustn't禁止；can't不能；needn't不需要。分析上下文可知，这项技术只需扫描手即可完成支付，所以很方便，不需要随身携带信用卡了，此处强调必要性。故选C。
（八）
Have you learned about table manners in China? Here I will introduce some.
It is a traditional 1 for Chinese people to eat with chopsticks. Each person at table will have a pair of chopsticks, and there is also an extra pair 2 is for public use.
You should remember that you’re 3 to let the elders in the family sit and eat first. If they don’t start，everyone else shouldn’t start, either. And then you should make a 4 to them.
While eating, it is very rude to eat with a loud 5 . And you’d better not speak while food is still in your 6 . Do not only eat one dish even if that is your favorite.
People usually go out of their way to cook delicious food to make you 7 at home, but when they say, ＂The dishes aren’t delicious. I 8 you don’t mind, ＂you must not say, ＂Yeah, that’s true, but I don’t mind.＂ 9 , it is a typical(典型的) word which can show one of the Chinese qualities — 10 . You should answer, ＂Really? I don’t think so. It is the best taste of any dish that is new to me.＂
1. A. point B. order C. method D. custom
2. A. which B. who C. where D. when
3. A. allowed B. considered C. supposed D. invited
4. A. report B. research C. bow D. toast
5. A. voice B. smile C. noise D. cry
6. A. plate B. mouth C. hand D. bowl
7. A. feel B. arrive C. eat D. aim
8. A. realize B. suggest C. expect D. believe
9. A. However B. Actually C. Instead D. Finally
10. A. honest B. proud C. modest D. serious
【文章大意】本文主要介绍了中国传统的餐桌文化，包括：吃饭用筷子，先让老人开始并向老人祝酒；吃饭时不可大声地吃，嘴里有饭时不可说话；主人谦虚说饭菜不好时，要夸赞他。
1. D 【解析】句意：用筷子吃饭是中国人的传统习俗。A. point要点；B. order秩序；C. method方法；D. custom
习俗。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选D。
2. A 【解析】句意：餐桌上的每个人都有一双筷子，另外还有一双供公共使用。A. which那，指前面提到的
事物；B. who谁，指人；C. where在哪儿，指地点；D. when在什么时候，表时间。an extra pair是表
物的名词，需用which做引导词。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选A。
3. C 【解析】句意：你要记住，你应该让家里的老人先坐下来吃饭。A. allowed允许；B. considered经过仔
细考虑的；C. supposed建议；D. invited邀请。be supposed应该。根据句意和上下文提示，可知ABD
三项意思都与句意不符，故选C。
4. D 【解析】句意：然后你应该向他们祝酒。A. report报告；B. research研究；C. bow鞠躬；D. toast干杯。
make a toast祝酒，敬酒。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选D。
5. C 【解析】句意：吃东西时，发出很大的声音是很不礼貌的。A. voice嗓音；B. smile微笑；C. noise喧闹；
D. cry哭喊。be rude to do sth. 粗鲁地做某事。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选C。
6. B 【解析】句意：你最好不要在食物还在嘴里时说话。A. plate盘子；B. mouth嘴；C. hand手；D. bowl
碗。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选B。
7. A 【解析】句意：人们通常会外出烹调美味的食物，让你有家的感觉。A. feel感觉；B. arrive到达；C. eat吃；D. aim 对准。根据句意和上下文提示，可知BCD三项都不合句意，故选A。
8. C 【解析】句意：这些菜不好吃。我希望你不介意。A. realize意识到；B. suggest建议；C. expect希望；
D. believe相信。mind介意，本句和上一句构成因果关系，根据句意和上下文提示，可知选C。
9. B 【解析】句意：其实，这是一个典型的词，可以显示一个中国的素质——谦虚。A. However然而；B. Actually
实际上；C. Instead反而；D. Finally最后。根据句意和建议，联系上下文，可知ACD均不合句意，故选
B。
10. C 【解析】句意：其实，这是一个典型的词，可以显示一个中国的素质——谦虚。A. honest诚实；B. proud骄傲；C. modest谦虚；D. serious认真。根据句意和上下文提示，可知选C。
（九）
Around the world, people have different ideas about what good manners are. When you go to restaurants in different parts of the world, it’s 1 to know the right and wrong things to do. For example, in China it’s OK to 2 a lot of noise in a restaurant. In fact, if a restaurant isn’t noisy and 3 , you may think there’s something wrong with it. However, in many western countries, restaurants are 4 places. If people at a table talk too loud, other people who are eating there might even 5 to the owner of the restaurant.
Paying the bill is also different from country to country. In China, one person usually pays for 6 . In western countries, one person pays if he or she is entertaining clients (宴请宾客), but 7 friends eat together, they usually share the cost. This is called ＂going Dutch (均摊费用)＂. Also, when westerners pay the bill, they usually leave some money for the 8 . This is called ＂leaving a tip＂. Leaving a tip is thought to be polite. In the U.S., it’s 9 to leave tips of 10%, 15%, or 20% of the bill, which is decided by how good the service(服务) is. Good waiters can make a lot of money!
The way people eat food is not the same in different parts of the world, but you can 10 the same kinds of food in many countries. Chinese and Indian foods, for example, are popular all over the world.
1. A. popular B. difficult C. important D. enjoyable
2. A. cause B. keep C. hear D. make
3. A. lively B. friendly C. lucky D. polite
4. A. noisy B. quiet C. busy D. clean
5. A. shout B. explain C. complain D. speak
6. A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. none
7. A. until B. when C. unless D. since
8. A. gatekeeper B. seller C. waiter D. visitor
9. A. terrible B. common C. serious D. unusual
10. A. invent B. discover C. prefer D. find
【文章大意】文章介绍世界上不同的国家的就餐习惯不同。
1. C 【解析】句意：当你去世界不同的地方的餐馆时，知道哪些是正确的哪些是错误的很重要。A. popular 流行的，受欢迎的；B. difficult困难的；C. important重要的；D. enjoyable快乐的；根据句意故选C。
2. D 【解析】句意：比如，在中国吃饭时发出很大声音是可以的。 A. cause造成，引起，强调引起……后果；B. keep 保持；C. hear 听见；D. make制造，make a noise发出噪音；根据句意故选D。
3. A 【解析】句意：事实上，如果一个餐馆没有什么吵闹声不那么活跃，你可能会认为这个餐馆有问题。根据上文it’s OK to ____2____ a lot of noise in a restaurant. 在中国吃饭时发出很大声音是可以的。可知，在餐馆没有噪音，好像就没有生气似的。A. lively活泼的，生气勃勃的；B. friendly 友好的；C. lucky 幸运的；D. polite礼貌的；根据句意故选A。
4. B 【解析】句意：但是在一些西方国家，餐馆都是一些安静的地方。根据后文If people at a table talk too loud, other people who are eating there might even ____5____ to the owner of the restaurant.可知餐馆是个安静的地方；A. noisy吵闹的；B. quiet安静的；C. busy 繁忙的；D. clean干净的；根据句意故选B。
5. C 【解析】句意：如果就餐的人说话声音太大，在那里就餐的其他人会向餐馆老板抱怨。根据上句餐馆都是一些安静的地方。可知客人不满意，向老板抱怨；A. shout 喊，叫；B. explain 解释；C. complain 抱怨；D. speak说；根据句意故选C。
6. A 【解析】句意：在中国，一个人会为一起吃饭的每个人付钱。 根据中国的风俗习惯，通常是一个人为所有的人付钱；A. everybody 每个人；B. nobody 没有人；C. somebody 某人；D. none没有一个；根据句意故选A。
7. B 【解析】句意：但是，当朋友们一起吃饭时，他们会各自付账。A. until直到；B. when 当……时候；C. unless 除非；D. since自从；根据句意故选B。
8. C 【解析】句意：还有，当西方人付账时，他们会留一些小费给服务员。根据文意，一直在讲就餐的情况，所以应是小费给服务员；A. gatekeeper 守门人；B. seller 卖东西的人；C. waiter 服务员；D. visitor参观者；根据句意故选C。
9. B 【解析】句意：在美国，留给服务员账单的10%，15%或20%是很普遍的。 A. terrible 可怕的；B. common 普通的；C. serious 严肃的；D. unusual不寻常的；根据句意故选B。
10. D 【解析】句意：人们吃食物的方式在世界各地都不一样，但是在不同的国家你也会看到相同种类的食物。A. invent 发明；B. discover 发现，指本来存在，以前从未被发现；C. prefer更喜欢；D. find发现，强调结果，又可以表示偶然发现；根据句意故选D。
（十）
What will the future world be like? Many people are glad to give their 1 . Here are two imaginations about the world of 2 .When people talk about the future, we like to think that we'll have our own personal flying car. We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 3 roads and speeding tickets. 4 ，some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars. One big problem is: what will happen if the flying cars 5 ? Then there will be problems with traffic control. Also, if 6 become popular, there will surely be too much air traffic. 7 it seems that flying cars will face more than a few problems if they are to get off the ground! Imagine you have your own Ironman 8 . Several companies are trying to build a practical robot "exoskeleton". This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement. It will 9 the wearer to lift heavy objects, walk a long way and even punch through walls! It is 10 in many ways, especially for people with disabilities. This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury（受伤）. But the disadvantage at the moment is the 12 . Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds. Another problem is battery life. A suit like this needs a lot of 13 and batteries only last about 15 minutes at the moment. One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer. You wouldn't want your robot leg or arm bending（弯曲）
suit could 14 the wrong way car above our heads.
So in the future, 15 we might be able to fly to work and lift a there are plenty of problems to solve before this will be possible.
1. A. suggestions B. instructions C. opinions D. reasons
2. A. past B. yesterday C. present D. tomorrow
3. A. empty B. wide C. busy D. dirty
4. A. Moreover B. Instead C. In fact D. However
5. A. put down B. break down C. write down D. calm down
6. A. they B. you C. we D. I
7. A. And B. But C. So D. or
8. A. gloves B. suit C. helmet D. shoes
9. A. ask B. wish C. invite D. allow
10. A. beautiful B. peaceful C. colorful D. useful
11. A. disease B. holiday C. work D. party
12. A. quality B. price C. need D. number
13. A. chances B. power C. rest D. experience
14. A. hurt B. attract C. protect D. attack
15. A. whether B. unless C. although D. until
【文章大意】这篇短文给我们想象了未来世界的样子，文章中主要提到了关于未来世界的两个想象：一个是飞行汽车；另一个是钢铁侠套装。这两种发明都有他们的优点，但同时也有很多的问题需要解决。
1. C【解析】句意：很多人都乐意给出他们的观点。suggestions 建议；instructions指导；opinions观点；reasons理由。根据上句话What will the future world be like?可知，这个问题是“未来的世界会是什么样子的？”关于这个问题，不同的人会有不同的看法，故应选C。
2. D【解析】句意：这里有两个关于明天世界的想象。past 过去；yesterday昨天；present现在；tomorrow明天。根据短文开头第一句话What will the future world be like?可知，这篇短文想象的是未来的世界，故应选D。
3. C【解析】句意：我们每小时能飞480英里，避开交通灯、拥挤的道路和超速罚款单。empty 空的；wide宽的；busy忙的；dirty脏的。根据文意可知，这里介绍的是flying car飞行车，有了它，我们就可以避免路上交通上容易出现的问题，如交通灯、交通拥挤和超速罚款，因此这里应选C，表示道路拥挤。
4. D【解析】句意：然而一些人指出了飞行车的缺点。moreover而且；instead相反；in fact事实上；however然而。上文We would fly at 480 kilometres per hour, avoiding traffic lights, 3 roads and speeding tickets讲述的是飞行车的优点，而这句话中some people point to the disadvantages of flying cars提到的是它的缺点，因此两句话之间是转折关系，故选D。
5. B【解析】句意：一个大问题是：如果飞行车坏掉了会发生什么？put down 记下，镇压；break down坏掉；write down写下；calm down平静下来。根据句意可知，这里说的是flying car的缺点，因此应该是如果飞行车坏了该怎么办，故选B。
6. A【解析】句意：而且如果他们变得受欢迎，那么就一定会有太多的空中交通。They他们； you你，你们；we我们；I我。根据文意可知，这几句话介绍的是都是flying cars，这个空代指的就是flying cars，是复数的，故应选A。
7. C【解析】句意：因此好像如果飞行车想要离开地面，他们将会面对很多的问题。And 和，而且，表示并列；But但是，表示转折；So因此，表示结果；or或者；否则。根据文意可知，上文提到了飞行车的优点和缺点，这句话是对未来世界可能会出现的飞行车做一个总结，表示的是结果，故应选C。
8. B【解析】句意：想象一下你有你自己的钢铁侠套装。gloves 手套；suit套装；helmet头盔；shoes鞋。根据下文This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury可知，这里说的是钢铁侠套装，故应选B。
9. D【解析】句意：它能允许佩戴者举起重物、走很长的路，甚至穿过墙。ask 问，请求；wish希望；invite邀请；allow允许。根据上句话This is a suit of robot arms and legs which follows your movement.可知，这种机器人的套装可以跟随你的移动，因此它 可以使你做到空后面列举的这些事情，故应选D。
10. D【解析】句意：它在很多方面都是很有用的，尤其是对于残疾人。beautiful 美丽的；peaceful和平的；平静的；colorful多彩的；useful有用的。根据下句话This suit might help people to walk again after 11 or injury可知，这种套装能帮助人，所以他们是有用的，故选D。
11. A【解析】句意：这个套装可以帮助人们在疾病或受伤之后重新能走路。disease疾病；holiday假日；work工作；party聚会。根据句意可知，人们不能走路，原因可能是受伤了，或者是疾病导致，因应选A。
12. B【解析】句意：但是目前的缺点就是价格。quality 质量；price价格；need 需要；number数字。根据下句话Even a simple suit can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds.可知，一套简单的钢铁侠套装就要花费好几千英镑，所以它的一个缺点就是价格昂贵，故应选B。
13. B 【解析】句意：一个像这样的套装需要很多的电量，电池目前只能持续15分钟。Chances机会；power电力，力量；rest休息；experience经历、经验。根据上句话Another problem is battery life可知，这里说的是这种套装的另外一个缺点就是电池的寿命，因此这里应说的是电池的电量，故选B。
14. A【解析】句意：你不会想让你的机器人的腿或者胳膊弯曲，可能会伤害。hurt伤害；attract吸引；protect保护；attack攻击。根据上句话One other problem is that a badly programmed robot wearer.可知，这种套装的另一个问题是编程不良，这可能会导致一些伤害。故选A。
15. C【解析】句意：因此在未来，虽然我们可能能够飞着去上班，但在此之前还有很多问题要解决。whether是否；unless除非，如果不；although 虽然，尽管；until直到…时候。根据这两句话的意思可知，他们之间的转折的关系，故应选C。
（十一）
You and your family are planning a picnic for tomorrow. But you want to ____1____ the weather forecast(预报) first to see whether there will be rain or not. Your father turns on the television and the family listens to the ____2____ make the weather report.
＂It will be partly cloudy tomorrow morning, ____3____ clearing by early afternoon. The high tomorrow will be 85.＂
As there will be no rain, the whole family feels ____4____. Without the weather forecast, you would not know this, and you would just have to take your chances. But now, you can plan your picnic ____5____ worrying whether it will rain or not.
The man you can thank for this is Cleveland Abbe. He is known as the father of the weather bureau. He was the first person to publish ____6____ weather forecasts in the United States.
Abbe began his daily weather bulletins (简报) in 1869. They were based on weather ____7____ he drew from telegraphed reports of weather conditions. Because of their accuracy (准确), the reports were ____8____.
Congress (国会) became ____9____ in Abbe’s weather reports. They made Abbe a meteorologist (someone who studies weather conditions), and he ____10____ issuing (发布) forecasts three times a day. He was the first official forecaster of the U.S. Weather Service. Because he often forecast probable storms, Abbe earned the nickname of ＂Old Probabilities.＂
1. A. produce B. spread C. check D. organize
2. A. fireman B. postman C. fisherman D. weatherman
3. A. so B. but C. after D. because
4. A. happy B. worried C. stressed D. curious
5. A. about B. without C. against D. from
6. A. online B. polluted C. daily D. indoor
7. A. maps B. stations C. space D. centres
8. A. strange B. popular C. terrible D. useless
9. A. successful B. similar C. bored D. interested
10. A. avoided B. began C. minded D. risked
【解析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲解天气预报的由来以及克利夫兰﹒阿贝的一些成就。
1. C 【解析】句意：但是你首先想要查看一下天气预报看看是否会下雨。A.生产；B.扩展；C.检查；D.组织。根据句意，故选C。
2. D 【解析】句意：你的父亲打开电视机听天气预报员做天气预报。A.消防员；B.邮递员；C.渔民；D.天气预报员。根据句意，故选D。
3. B 【解析】句意：明天早晨局部地区多云，下午变晴。A.所以；B.但是；C.在……之后；D.因为。根据句意，故选B。
4. A 【解析】句意：没有雨，家人们感到非常高兴。A.高兴；B.担心；C.有压力的；D.好奇的。因为明天没有雨，家人们可以出去游玩，所以很高兴，故选A。
5. B 【解析】句意：但是现在你可以计划你的野餐了，不用担心是否会下雨。根据句意，故选B。
6. C 【解析】句意：他是美国第一个发布每日天气预报的人。A.在线的；B.污染的；C.日常的；D.室内的。根据下文Abbe began his daily weather bulletins (简报) in 1869可知，故选C。
7. A 【解析】句意：它们是基于从天气状况的电报中得到的天气地图。A.地图；B.车站；C.空间；D.中心。根据句意，故选A。
8. B 【解析】句意：由于它们的准确性因此很受欢迎。A.奇怪的；B.受欢迎的；C.糟糕的；D.没有用的。根据句意，故选B。
9. D 【解析】句意：国会对他们的天气报道很感兴趣。A.成功的；B.相同的；C.厌烦的；D.感兴趣的。根据下文They made Abbe a meteorologist (someone who studies weather conditions)可知选D。
10. B 【解析】句意：国会让阿贝成为气象学者，开始一天三次发布天气预报。A.避免；B.开始；C.介意；D.冒险。根据句意，故选B。
（十二）
（2017﹒重庆B）March 22nd is World Water Day. It started in 1993. It not only makes us think about the importance of water, but also calls on (号召) us to ____1____ and protect water. Today, we’re facing terrible water problems. Among them, wastewater problem is especially ____2____. And the subject of World Water Day in 2017 is＂wastewater＂.
What is wastewater? It is used water. Usually, wastewater comes from homes, ____3____, hospitals and so on. It is produced by different kinds of activities, including washing the machines, taking showers and using the kitchen. The rain also ____4____ wastewater when it is running down the street during a storm. No matter where it comes from, this kind of water is sure to have ____5____ harmful in it.
____6____ must we treat (处理) wastewater? Wastewater has a big influence on our life. It causes both illness for us and pollution for the environment. We must care for our environment and our own ____7____.
How can we treat wastewater? Different kinds of wastewater need different ways of treatment. Wastewater ____8____ homes can be reused. Then there will be ____9____ wastewater. Also, factory wastewater has to be cleaned ____10____ it goes back to nature.
1. A. drink B. save C. carry D. watch
2. A. easy B. popular C. small D. serious
3. A. factories B. lakes C. rivers D. seas
4. A. gets back B. hands in C. changes into D. picks up
5. A. nothing B. something C. nobody D. somebody
6. A. What B. Who C. Why D. How
7. A. work B. interest C. health D. business
8. A. on B. for C. with D. from
9. A. less B. more C. better D. worse
10. A. and B. whether C. after D. before
【文章大意】本文介绍污水的产生及对人的危害和处理，号召人们节约用水。
1. B 【解析】考查动词。句意：它不仅使我们思考水的重要性，也号召我们节约和保护水。A. drink喝；B. save节约；C. carry搬动；D. watch观看。根据大意介绍知道是节约和保护水资源，故选B。
2. D 【解析】考查形容词。句意：其中，污水问题尤其严重。A. easy容易的；B. popular受欢迎的；C. small形容词，小的；D. serious形容词，严重的。从后一句污水是2017年的主题，因此知道是最严重的问题，故选D。
3. A 【解析】考查名词。句意：通常，废水来自家庭、工厂、医院等。A. factories工厂；B. lakes 湖；C. rivers河流；D. seas海。从homes, hospitals知道是产生污水之地，因此是A，其他均不能。
4. C 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：暴雨中街道上的雨水也会变成废水。根据also知道是与前面相同的是下雨也产生污水，故选C。A是回来，收回；B是上交；D是拾起，支付，（开车）带人，均不合文意。
5. B 【解析】考查代词。句意：不管它来自哪里，这种水肯定含有有害的东西。污水是对人有伤害的，排除A和C，it是指污水，它里面应该是物质而不是人，故选B。
6. C 【解析】考查疑问词。句意：我们为什么必须处理废水呢？A. What什么；B. Who 谁；C. Why为什么；D. How怎么样。根据后面的回答，均是原因，故选C。该句有主语和宾语，当然排除A和B。
7. C 【解析】考查名词。句意：我们必须关心我们的环境和我们自己的健康。A. work工作；B. interest兴趣；C. health健康；D. business生意。既然污水对人体与环境有危害，那么我们就应该关心环境与身体健康，故选C，其他均不合文意。
8. D 【解析】考查介词。句意：家庭废水可以重复使用。A. on 在……上面；B. for为……；C. with和……一起；D. from来自。from homes来自家庭。故选D。
9. A 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：那么污水会更少。A. less 更少，little的比较级；B. more更多，many/much的比较级；C. better更好，well/good的比较级；D. worse更差，bad/badly的比较级。再次使用当然应该是减少了污水，故选A。
10. D 【解析】考查连词。句意：此外，工厂废水必须在回归自然之前加以净化。A. and和、又；B. whether是否；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。工厂在排放污水前应该进行处理清洁，以减少对环境的污染，故选D。
（十三）
Humans are mammals（哺乳动物）. Most mammals are born able to do many things. Some can walk within a few minutes of being born. They have to be able to run away if ____1____ is near. But human babies are born ____2____. They need the care of adults to live.
In the first month of life, babies cannot smile or sit up. They cannot even hold up their own heads ____3____ some help from grown-ups.
In the next few months, babies grow a lot. They learn to roll over, support their heads, and ____4____ sit up while being held.
Babies also have to learn to use their ____5____. It takes months for them to learn to reach for objects. At around six months old many babies can ____6____ an object from one hand to another.
Babbling is ____7____ a human baby learns to speak. Babies all seem to make similar sounds by babbling. They try to imitate(模仿) the sounds they hear from adults. It will take about nine months ____8____ a baby can say real words.
Somewhere around a baby’s first birthday he or she may stand or walk with help. Soon the baby will ____9____ around on his or her own!
The first year of a baby’s life is a time of growing and ____10____. Growing sure takes a lot of work!
1. A. food B. danger C. waste D. peace
2. A. careless B. harmless C. hopeless D. helpless
3. A. of B. for C. without D. by
4. A. even B. never C. ever D. still
5. A. legs B. heads C. eyes D. hands
6. A. keep B. move C. hold D. make
7. A. why B. how C. which D. where
8. A. before B. since C. after D. while
9. A. look B. show C. run D. sit
10. A. speaking B. smiling C. crying D. learning
【文章大意】本文介绍了人类的新生儿生下来不能微笑或坐立，也抬不起头。在人类出生的第一年，他们逐渐学会翻身，支撑起自己的头，坐起来，站起来，走路和跑起来。他们通过咿呀学语学习和模仿大人学会说话。对人类来说，成长要花很多努力。
1. B 【解析】查名词及语境的理解。A. food表示食物； B. danger表示危险；C. waste表示浪费；D. peace表示和平。句意：如果危险就在附近，他们必须得能够逃离。根据They have to be able to run away可知它们必须要逃离，应是有危险了，故选B。
2. D 【解析】考查形容词及语境的理解。A. careless表示粗心的；B. harmless表示无害的；C. hopeless表示无望的；D. helpless表示无能的，无用的。句意：但是人类的婴儿出生时是无能力的。根据后文的They need the care of adults to live. 可知他们需要父母的照顾来活着，因此他们是没有能力的，故选D。
3. C 【解析】考查介词及语境的理解。A. of表示……的；B. for表示对于，为了；C. without表示没有；D.by表示通过。句意：在没有成年人帮助下，他们甚至无法举起他们自己的手。根据前文的In the first month of life，babies cannot smile or sit up可知他们在刚出生的时候不会微笑和坐立，因此他们在没有成年人的帮助下，他们无法举起他们的手，故选C。
4. A 【解析】考查副词及语境的理解。A. even表示甚至；B. never表示从不；C. ever表示曾经；D. still表示仍然。句意：他们学习翻身，支撑起自己的头，甚至是在支撑下坐立起来。此处强调他们的能力更强了，故用副词even，故选A。
5. D 【解析】考查名词及语境的理解。A. legs表示腿；B. heads表示头；C. eyes表示眼睛；D. hands表示手。句意：婴儿也不得不学习使用他们的手。根据后文的It takes months for them to learn to reach for objects. 可知学习去够东西，因此是表示使用他们的手，故选D。
6. C 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. keep表示保持；B. move表示移动；C. hold表示抓住；D. make表示使。句意：许多婴儿在大约6个月时，能从一手放到另一手抓住一个物品。根据an object from one hand to another可知此处用手拿东西，因此是抓住，故选C。
7. B 【解析】考查代词及语境的理解。A. why 为什么；B. how 如何；C. which 哪一个；D. where哪里。句意：咿呀声是婴儿学习说话的方式。根据Babies all seem to make similar sounds by babbling. 可知此处表示婴儿通过咿呀声学习发出声音，这是学习说话的方法，故用疑问词how，故选B。
8. A 【解析】考查连词及语境的理解。A. before表示之前；B. since表示自从；C. after表示之后；D. while表示当……时。句意：一个婴儿将需要大约九个月才能说真正的语言。根据前文的Babies all seem to make similar sounds by babbling. They try to imitate（模仿）the sounds they hear from adults婴儿要咿呀学语，模仿听见的成年人的声音，可推测此处表示在婴儿能够真正地说出话前要花上九个月的时间，故选A。
9. C 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. look表示看；B. show表示展示；C. run表示跑；D. sit表示坐。句意：不久那个婴儿将独自四处跑。根据前文的Somewhere around a baby’s first birthday he or she may stand or walk with help. 可知婴儿学习站立和走路，因此不久之后就能跑步，故选C。
10. D 【解析】考查动词及语境的理解。A. speaking表示说；B. smiling表示微笑；C. crying表示哭；D. learning表示学习。句意：婴儿生活的第一年是成长的一个时间而且学习成长需要很多努力。根据前文的They learn to roll over，support their heads...和Babies also have to learn to use their hands可知此处表示的是婴儿时期的第一年是成长和学习的一年，故选D。
（十四）
Do you like exercising in the sun? How much sunlight do you get every day? How much time do you spend in the ___1___ ? As we all know，enough sunlight is good for our health. It gives us strong bones（骨骼）and good eyesight. It makes us happy and sleep better. Now scientists find out that it can even make you ___2___ .
Scientists did tests on mice. They give mice lots of sunlight. After that，the mice ___3___ a special thing named glutamic acid（谷氨酸）in their bodies. Glutamic acid does many things for our body. It can improve some of our abilities such as learning and remembering things.
It is OK to enjoy some sunlight for about an hour every day. But you should be ___4___ because it is summer now. The sun is very strong around noon. Keep yourself away from the sun around the noon, or it may ___5___ your skin（皮肤）. It is best to enjoy sunlight in the morning or before sunset.
Why not go out and enjoy the ___6___ with your family or your best friends? I'm sure you can be smarter soon.
1. A.moon B.sun C.night
2. A.smarter B.taller C.thinner
3. A.invent B.find C.produce
4. A.careful B.serious C.clever
5. A.shine B.burn C.dry
6. A.time B.air C.sunlight
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述阳光对人的健康有好处，而且让人变得更聪明，但是要注意夏天中午的强烈阳光伤害皮肤。
1.B【解析】句意：你在阳光下度过多少时间？moon月亮；sun太阳；night晚上。根据前文“exercising in the sun”可知此处用in the sun。故选B。
2.A【解析】句意：现在科学家发现它能使你更聪明。smarter更聪明的；taller更高；thinner更瘦的。根据后文“I'm sure you can be smarter”可知此处讲述的是让人更聪明，用形容词比较级smarter。故选A。
3.C【解析】句意：那之后，老鼠在体内产生了一种叫做谷氨酸的特别的东西。invent发明；find找到；produce生产,制造。此处用动词produce表达老鼠在体内产生谷氨酸。故选C。
4.A【解析】句意:但是你应该小心，因为现在是夏天。careful小心的；serious严肃的；clever聪明的。根据“because it is summer now. The sun is very strong around noon”可知夏天阳光很强要小心，用形容词careful。故选A。
5.B【解析】句意：让自己远离中午的太阳，否则它可能灼伤你的皮肤。shine照耀；burn燃烧，灼伤；dry干燥。根据前文“The sun is very strong around noon”中午的太阳很强烈，可能会灼伤你的皮肤，可知此处用burn。故选B。
6.C【解析】句意：为什么不出去，和你的家人或朋友享受阳光？time时间；air空气；sunlight阳光。根据前文讲述“enough sunlight is good for our health”可知此处用sunlight表示阳光。故选C。
（十五）
How do you connect with friends? Which would you like ____1____, WeChat, letters or sending messages on the phone? Here are some ideas of students from No. 2 Middle School.
Wang Lei likes to _____2_____ friends through sending messages on the phone in his spare time. He thinks it is a good way to express his feelings when he is down. If you are too shy to say anything in front of people, you can use it.
Liu Xin supports the letter." A letter is like a ____3____dinner," she said. "It includes lots of information."___4___we have to wait longer for our letters, in today's busy world we need something that is worth waiting for.
Jiang Li is sure to stick to Wechat. Open the Wechat, shake your mobile phone and search for strangers around you! You can make new friends_____5_____without going outside.
1. A. to receive B. receiving C. to choose D. choosing
2. A. deal with B. come up with C. agree with D. keep in touch with
3. A. small B. big C. poor D. late
4. A. Although B. Whether C. Before D. After
5. A. easy B. easily C. hard D. hardly
【文章大意】文章就“如何与朋友联系”这个话题做的一个调查，并举例几个同学的不同的想法。
1.C【解析】句意：你想选择哪一种？to receive接受，动词不定式；receiving接受，现在分词或者动名词形式；to choose选择，动词不定式；choosing选择，现在分词或者动名词形式；根据句意理解及后句WeChat, letters or sending messages on the phone?可知，这里表达的是“选择”，且这里是表达“想要做某事”，英语是would like to do sth，所以这里应该用to do形式，故选C。
2.D【解析】句意：王磊喜欢在业余时间通过手机短信与朋友保持联系。deal with处理；come up with想出；agree with同意；keep in touch with保持联系；根据句意理解及文章的开头How do you connect with friends?以及后句He thinks it is a good way to express his feelings when he is down.可知，这里表达的是“保持联系”，故选D。
3.B【解析】句意：一封信就像一顿丰盛的晚餐。small小的；big大的；poor贫穷的；late晚的；根据句意理解及后句It includes lots of information.可知，这里是把信比喻成一顿大餐，故选B。
4.A【解析】句意：虽然为了信件我们要等更长时间。Although虽然；Whether是否；Before在……之前；After在……之后；根据句意理解及后句in today's busy world we need something that is worth waiting for.可知，前后两句之间是让步关系，所以这里应该用although引导让步状语从句，故选A。
5.B【解析】句意：你不用出门就可以很容易地交到新朋友。easy容易的；easily容易地；hard努力的；hardly几乎不；根据句意理解及前句shake your mobile phone and search for strangers around you!以及后句without going outside.可知，这里表达的是“容易地”，空格修饰的是动词，所以应该用副词，故选B。