2021年中考英语总复习专题.09 情态动词(考点详解)
展开考点09情态动词
命题趋势
情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的考查热点。在备战中考时,考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法。
考查题型:从命题形式来看,情态动词多以单项选择、完形填空为主。
考查重点:从近年的中考试题来看,情态动词有以下考查重点。
1. 情态动词的意义;
2. 情态动词的基本句型;
3. 情态动词的基本用法。
概述:情态动词态动词(Modal verbs)本身有一定的词义,但不完整,不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态。情态动词虽然数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must等。情态动词无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气,委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。例如:
I can dance.(我会跳舞。)can, 能, 会
He can’t walk because he is a baby.(因为他是个婴儿,不会走路。)can’t, 不必
May I come in?(我可以进来吗?)may, 可以
情态动词用法详解
情态动词 | 用法 | 例句 | |||
can/could | 表示能力,意为"能,会" | I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。 | |||
表示许可时,意为"可以,能够",相当于may | She said that I could use her computer. 她说我可以使用她的电脑。 | ||||
用于推测,表示可能性,意为"可能",could比can更加不肯定,多用于否定或疑问句 | The man can’t be our teacher — he has gone to Beijing. 那个男人不可能是我们的老师,他去北京了。 There is someone outside — who can it be? 有人在外面,可能是谁呢? | ||||
may/might | 表示允许或许可,意为"可以" | May I use your phone? 我可以用用你的电话吗? | |||
表示征询许可时,might比may的语气委婉 | —Might I ask for a photograph of your little daughter?我能要一张你小女儿的照片吗? —Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。 | ||||
用于表推测时,是"可能,或许"之意,might语气更加不肯定,多用于肯定句 | He may be wrong, but I’m not sure. 也许他错了,但我也不确定。 She might be very busy now. 她现在可能非常忙。 | ||||
must | 表示必须,一定要,指说话人的主观语气 | You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。 | |||
mustn’t表示禁止,意为"千万不要,禁止",是说话人强有力的劝告 | You mustn’t play with the knife or you may hurt yourself. 你禁止玩刀否则你可能会伤到自己。 | ||||
表示推测时,用于肯定句,意为"想必,一定",否定句中用can’t/couldn’t来代替 | This must be your room. 这一定是你的房间。 He must be eighty now. 他现在想必有八十岁了。 | ||||
will | 表示意志、愿望和决心,常译为"愿意" | If you will help us, we shall be very grateful. 如果你愿意帮助我们,我们将不胜感激。 | |||
用于第二人称疑问句,表示请求或建议等 | Will you have dinner with me tonight? 今天晚上和我一起吃饭好吗? | ||||
表示习惯性动作或某种倾向,多用于现在时,常译为"总是" | Kate will sit there, waiting for her daughter to come back. 凯特总是坐在那儿等女儿回来。 | ||||
would | 作为will的过去式,可表示过去的意志、愿望或决心等,意为"愿意" | He promised he would never smoke again. 他承诺他再也不吸烟了。 | |||
表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向 | Their English teacher would tell them stories in English after class. 他们的英语老师总是在课后用英语给他们讲故事。 | ||||
用于第二人称疑问句中,表示现在的请求、建议,比will的语气委婉 | Would you please pass the English-Chinese dictionary on to Mary? 请把这本英汉词典传给玛丽好吗? | ||||
shall | 用于第一、三人称疑问句,表示征求对方意见 | Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?’ Tom is waiting outside. Shall he come in, sir? 汤姆正在门外等着,可以让他进来吗,先生? | |||
用于第二、三人称陈述句时,表示命令、警告、允诺或威胁等 | Yon shall fail if you don’’t work hard. 如果你不努力工作,你就会失败。 | ||||
should | shall的过去式,用于第一、三人称,多用于间接引语中,以征求对方意见 | I asked the manager if I should have a few days off. 我问经理我是否可以请几天假。 | |||
表示义务,职责时,意为"应当,应该",往往表示说话者的观点 | You should go to school on time,你应当按时到校。 | ||||
表示惊讶、遗憾等,意为"竟然,居然" |
| ||||
need | 表示"需要,必须",多用于疑问句和否定句 | Need you go so soon? 你需要这么早走吗? You needn’t come so early. 你不必来这么早。 | |||
have to | 表示不得不,说明客观条件只能如此;有时态形式的变化;否定式don’t have to意为"不必"(= needn’t) | My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the midnight. 我弟弟病得厉害,我只得半夜里把医生请来。 I haven’t got any money with me, so I’ll have to borrow some from my friend. 我身上没带钱,只好向朋友借点了。 | |||
情态动词用法归纳
1.表推测及可能性。may,might,can, could, will, would表示“可能”或“预测;, shall, should用于表示“必定”;must用于表示“必定”,“必会“;ought to表“应该为”。
2.与时态相关。can为现在式,其过去式 为could;may为现在式,其过去式 为might;shall为现在式,其过去式 为should;will为现在式,其过去式 为would.
3.表示能力的用法。can表示能力,意思是"能,会",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn't。be able to可以表示“能力” 用于各种时态。
4.表“意愿,打算”,常用词为will, would, shall, should.在这里,would,should要比will,shall更委婉,更客气。need表“需要”;dare表示“敢”。
5.表示“请求,许可”,常用词为can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must。
6.态度。may ,can,could,shall, should, may, might, must, ought to用于表示“禁止”,“不准”;“应该”、“必须”“可以”。例如:might可以表示委婉的批评或责备。You might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信吗。
7.祝愿“.May you + 动词原形 ...”,意为“祝愿……”。如:May you succeed! 祝你成功!
8.情态动词与虚拟语气.常见于should+动词原形;情态动词+have 过去分词。
备注:Should 在虚拟语气中要省略,为情态动词要保持。
【知识拓展】一
1. can的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...can;否定回答用No, ...can’t。
—Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗?
—Yes, I can. 是的,我会。/No, I can’t 不,我不会。
2. can,could和be able to的区别:can只有现在式和过去式,而be able to可以用于各种时态;can( could)表示能力时,可用be able to代替。
I can(am able to) afford the car. 我能买得起这辆小汽车。
She has been able to come to school. 她已经能去学校了
I could(=was able to) drive a car before I left school. 毕业前我就会开车。
【知识拓展】二
1.may的一般疑问句,肯定回答用Yes, ...may. /Yes, of course. /Yes, certainly;否定回答用No, ...can’t/mustn’t。
—Might/May I smoke in this room? 我可以在这间屋子里抽烟吗?
—Yes, you may. 是的,你可以。/No, you can’t/mustn’t. 不,不可以。
2. 用于表示推测时,may和might一般不用于疑问句,而在疑问句中,常使用can;在否定句中,may not/might not意为"可能不",而can’t/couldn’t意为"不可能"。
The young people might not like the idea. 年轻人可能不喜欢这个主意。
It can’t/couldn’t be our headmaster. He has gone to America. 那人不可能是我们校长。他已经去美国了。
【知识拓展】三
1. must的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ...must.;否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to.
—Must I clean the classroom now? 我必须现在打扫教室吗?
—Yes, you must. 是的,你必须。/No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t. 不,你不必。
2. must和have to的区别:
①用must表示"必须"的意思时,通常着重于说话者的主观看法,认为有必要去做某事;而have to着重于客观需要,含有"不得不"的意思。
We must study English hard. 我们必须努力学习英语。
You are ill today. You have to see a doctor. 你今天病了,不得不去看医生。
②用must表示"必须",只有现在时态的形式,如果要表示过去时或将来时的"必须",就要用have to的相应形式。
You must drive fast to catch the time. 你必须开车开快点来赶时间。
They will have to leave tomorrow morning. 他们必须明天早晨起程。
【知识拓展】四
would like意为"愿意,想要";would like/love to do sth 意为"愿意/想要做某事";would like sb to do sth意为"想要某人做某事"。
Would you like a cup of tea? 你想喝杯茶吗?
Would you like to sing a song? 你想唱首歌吗?
I would like you to wake me up at 5:30 tomorrow morning. 我想让你在明天早晨5:30叫醒我。
【知识拓展】五
need的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, ... must.;否定回答为No, ... needn’t.
—Need he finish the article next week? 他需要下星期完成这篇文章吗?
—Yes, he must. 是的,他必须完成。/No , he needn’t. 不,他不需要。
情态动词的用法口诀:
情态动词两要点,动词原形跟后边,说话语气较委婉。can表“能力”,may“许可”,must“责任”或“义务”。否定答语needn’t换,“需要”need, dare“敢”,should“应该”,would“愿”,have to“被迫”表客观。
1.(2020 •山东)—Mum, it’s too hot. ____________ I swim in the lake?
—No, you ___________. That’s too dangerous!
A. Should; can’t B. Need; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Could; mustn’t
2.(2020 •湖南)—May I take the magazine out of the reading room?
—No, you ____________. Please read it here
A. mustn’t B. wouldn’t C. needn’t D. can’t
3.(2020 •甘肃)—Whose cap is this? Is it Cindy’s?
—It ____________ be hers. Don’t you remember she even didn’t come to the party?
A. can’t B. might C. may not D. must
4.(2020 •江苏)—Will you stay here for dinner with us?
—Sorry, I ____________. My mother is waiting for me at home.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
5.(2020 •甘肃)The magazine ____________ Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover.
A. mustn’t be B. can’t be C. must be D. needn’t be
6. Jean have kept his promise. I wonder why he changed his idea.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
7.(2020 •江苏)According to the notice, guests at this hotel ____________ use the sports center at no extra cost.
A. can B. should C. must D. need
8. Jane have come to the party, but she not find the exact time.
A. could; could B. might; could C. should; could D. should; would
9.(2020 •四川)—Mum, may I play computer games this evening?
—No way, you ____________ finish your homework.
A. can B. must C. may D. will
10.(2020 •山东)As middle school students, we ____________ follow the public rules wherever we go.
A. would B. should C. might D. could
11.(2020 •江苏)—Some people don’t show their talents at the very beginning.
—I agree. Even Einstein ____________ read until he was seven.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. couldn’t D. needn’t
12.(2020 •泰州)—This task is really beyond me.
—Well, if you _________ solve it, you won’t get paid.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
13.(2020 •温州)We don’t allow taking magazines out, but you ____________ copy the article you need on the machine over there.
A. can B. must C. should D. would
14.(2020 •湖北省)—Try this soup — you ____________ like it,
—Wow! This is delicious!
A. must B. will C. shall D. can
15.(2020 •湖北)—May I join the art club, Dad?
—If you have interest, you ____________.
A. should B. can C. have to D. must
16.(2020 •江苏)—Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin?
—You ____________ go if you have finished your homework.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
17.(2020 •北京)—Lily, ____________ you finish the letter in ten minutes?
—Yes, I can.
A. must B. should C. need D. can
18.(2020 •广东)Dirty air and water are harmful. They ____________ kill plants, and even people.
A. can B. can’t C. should D. shouldn’t
19.(2020 •河南)Jerry didn’t pay me back, but he promised that he ____________ this Sunday.
A. must B. could C. would D. should
20.(2020 •广东) So many mistakes in your homework! You more careful.
A. may be B. had to C. would be D. should have been
21.(2020 •江苏)I parked my bike behind the building, but now it is gone. It ________ .
A. may be stolen B. must be stolen
C. must have been stolen D. must have stolen
22.(2020 •河南)Dirty air and water are harmful. They ____________ kill plants, and even people.
A. can B. can’t C. should D. shouldn’t
1.(湖北省)—Do you know where Colin is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
—He have gone far. His coat is still here.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. needn’t
2.(天津)—I’m a little tired. Let’s go to the zoo by taxi.
—We take a taxi. It’s not far from here.
A. can’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t
3.(江苏)—Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you, Dad?
—No, you , son. You’re free to make your own decision.
A. can’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t
4.(河南)Nowadays, some robots are very humanlike. They even dance.
A. can B. must C. need D. have to
5.(北京)—Must we leave the library before 5 o’clock?
—No, you . You can stay here until 5:30.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
6.(天津)—Look! The man at the gate be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning.
—No, it be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.
A. must; can’t B. must; mustn’t C. can’t; can’t D. can’t; mustn’t
7.(山东)The dictionary at the Lost and Found office be Tim’s, because his name is on its corner.
A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t
8. (广东)— I return the book today, Mr. Lin?
—No, you ________. You can keep it for two days.
A. May; mustn’t B. Must; mustn’t C. Must; needn’t D. Can; shouldn’t
9. (海南)—Is Tony knocking at the door?
—No, it be Tony. He has gone to Sanya.
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. won’t
10. (山西)—Must I bring my student card every time I enter the library?
—I’m afraid you . The library is open only to teachers and students in our school.
A. have to B. mustn’t C. need D. don’t have to
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