专题01 阅读理解-攻克中考英语阅读理解必做100篇

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阅读理解（一）
（一）【2020•河南省】


Liverpool MUSIC
The Beatles Story The world-famous 1960s music group came from Liverpool. Find out about The Beatles at the The Beatles Story.
Open every day except Dec 25 and 26
Adult £15. 95
Student £12. 00
Child £7. 00
Child under five Free

Liverpool SPORT
Liverpool FC This city loves football. Visit
Anfield football stadium, home to Liverpool's favourite football team, And take a tour.
Closed on weekends
Adult £15. 00
Under-16s and students £9. 00
Child under five Free

Liverpool MUSEUM
Visit the Liverpool Museum.
Learn all about the history and culture of Liverpool.
Free entry
Open daily 10a. m-5p. m.

Liverpool SHOPPING
Liverpool ONE
Find the best shopping in the centre of Liverpool at Liverpool ONE. Liverpool's new shopping centre. Opened in 2008.
More than 160 shops, restaurants and cinemas.


Word Bank
adult 成人
stadium 体育场
entry 进入
1．What can you learn about at The Beatles Story?
A．A music group. B．A famous writer.
C．The history of the city. D．The English art culture.
2．How much do they pay if a student and his parents visit Anfield stadium?
A．£24. 00 B．£30. 00 C．£33. 00 D．£39. 00
3．How long does Liverpool Museum run daily?
A．Five hours. B．Seven hours. C．Nine hours. D．Ten hours.
4．What is Liverpool ONE?
A．A cinema. B．A restaurant. C．A music hall. D．A shopping centre.
5．Where is the text most probably from?
A．A research paper. B．A health magazine.
C．A travel guidebook. D．A geography textbook.
本篇文章主要介绍利物浦的乐队、体育场馆、历史文化博物馆和购物中心。
1．A【解析】细节理解题。根据Liverpool MUSIC一栏中“The world-famous 1960s music group came from Liverpool. Find out about The Beatles at the The Beatles Story.”，可知在这里我们可以了解到一个乐队组合，也就是举世闻名的披头士乐队，故选A。
2．D【解析】推理判断题。根据Liverpool SPORT一栏中“Adult £15. 00 Under-16s and students £9. 00 Child under five Free”，可知一个学生和他的父母参观安菲尔德球场，他们应该付15+15+9=39，故选D。
3．B【解析】细节理解题。根据Liverpool MUSEUM一栏中“Open daily 10 a. m-5 p. m.”，可知利物浦博物馆每天营业7个小时，故选B。
4．D【解析】细节理解题。根据Liverpool SHOPPING一栏中“Find the best shopping in the centre of Liverpool at Liverpool ONE.”，可知Liverpool ONE是一个购物中心，故选D。
5．C【解析】推理判断题。根据“Liverpool MUSIC；Liverpool SPORT；Liverpool MUSEUM；Liverpool SHOPPING”，及其对它们营业时间和费用的介绍，可知这篇文章可能来自于一本旅游杂志，故选C。


（二）【2020•江苏省苏州市中考】

Night Noodle Markets
|www.niftynoodlesatnight.com.cn
Dreaming of some fantastic family entertainment? The Night Noodle Markets could be just what you and your family are looking for.

Tasty food. Delicious smell at the Night Noodle Markets. Enjoy the Asian-style street food.
Great locations. Top outdoor dining at all the main squares of your city.
Take a look at the menus on offer. Click on the icons below.

When? Monday to Saturday,5 pm to 11 pm.
Where? Click HERE to find a Night Noodle Market in your city.



21. What is www.niftynoodlesatnight.com.cn?
A. The name of the owner. B. The address of the website.
C. A collection of food. D. The name of the markets.
22. When can people go to the markets?
A. At 3 pm on Monday. B. At 11 am on Tuesday.
C. At 9 pm on Sunday. D. At 10 pm on Thursday.
23. The main purpose of the advertisement is to ________.
A. encourage people to go and eat at the markets
B. tell people the features of delicious Asian food
C. ask people to choose the food pictures they like
D. introduce some supporting companies to people
【文章大意】本文是一个介绍面食夜市的广告，里面包含了食物种类，夜市时间等信息。
21.B【解析】细节理解题。根据www.niftynoodlesatnight.com.cn及结合常识，可知，这是一个网站的网址，故选B。
22.D【解析】细节理解题。根据Monday to Saturday,5 pm to 11 pm，可知，夜市开放时间是周一至周六的晚上5点到11点。结合所给选项，只有D选项“周四晚上10点”夜市是开放的。故选D。
23.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据Tasty food. Delicious smell at the Night Noodle Markets. Enjoy the Asian-style street food.Great locations“美味的食物。面食夜市香喷喷的味道。享受亚洲风味的街头小吃。优越的地理位置”，可知，这是在介绍面食夜市的优势，目的是鼓励人们去夜市品尝美味的食物。故选A。

（三）【2020•贵州省安顺市中考】
An Experiment Report on Growing Potato Plants
Things prepared：
a potato that has sprouts
a flower pot with soil
a camera to record progress

Observation：
Day One
The color of the soil looks darker because I have just watered it. In the center of the pot, I can see a tiny sprout that has grown from the potato under the soil. I’ll call it Buddy. Buddy is green and yellow. I wonder how fast it will grow.
Day six
Without much change in the past six days, I finally see some new progress on Buddy as it has grown taller. It’s exciting to see new life like this. I hope Buddy can grow faster.
Day Eleven
Buddy is getting larger! Three more new sprouts have grown around Buddy! Green leaves have grown on the new sprouts, but they have not fully grown yet. I guess I need to be a bit more patient.
Day Thirteen
Buddy continues to grow taller. The leaves on the new sprouts have grown a bit. I’m also excited to see more new sprouts that have grown from under the soil.
Day Fifteen
Finally, the leaves on the other sprouts are 3 cm tall. They’re so green. I hope they will soon grow into new potatoes.
What I have learned
It’s really interesting to grow potatoes. During these fifteen days, I have learned that growing potato plants needs plenty of water. If soil is dry, the potato will fail to grow. I have also learned that the temperature needs to be right. If it is too cold, it won’t grow.
I feel that growing plants is just like trying to succeed with anything in life it takes not only time, but also lots of efforts and patience.
41. The reading material is an experiment report about ________.
A. chemistry B. physics C. biology
42. How many things did the writer prepare before her experiment?
A. Three. B. Five. C. Seven.
43. How did the writer feel when she saw the progress of the potato plants?
A. Excited. B. Nervous. C. Surprised.
44. What can we know from the writer’s experiment report?
A. “Buddy” grew very fast in the first six days.
B. Plenty of water is necessary for growing potato plants.
C. The writer got new potatoes on the fifteenth day of the experiment.
45. What has the writer learned from the experiment?
A. Old habits die hard.
B. Rome wasn’t built in one day.
C. Knowledge comes from questioning.
【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了作者的一次马铃薯栽培试验。
41.C【解析】题意：阅读材料是一篇关于________的实验报告。
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇应用文，介绍了作者的一次马铃薯栽培试验，由此可推断这次实验与生物学有关。C选项biology“生物学”符合题意，故选C。
42.A【解析】题意：作者在实验前准备了多少东西？细节理解题。根据原文a potato that has sprouts | a flower pot with soil | a camera to record progress可知，实验前作者准备了三样东西，即有芽的马铃薯、一个装有泥土的花盆、用于记录进度的相机。A选项Three“三”符合题意，故选A。
43.A【解析】题意：当作者看到马铃薯的生长过程时，她的感觉是怎样的？细节理解题。根据原文Without much change in the past six days, I finally see some new progress on Buddy as it has grown taller. It’s exciting to see new life like this可知，当作者看到马铃薯的生长过程时，她感到很兴奋。A选项Excited“兴奋的”符合题意，故选A。
44.B【解析】题意：从作者的实验报告中我们能知道些什么？细节理解题。根据原文During these fifteen days, I have learned that growing potato plants needs plenty of water可知，种马铃薯需要大量的水。B选项Plenty of water is necessary for growing potato plants“种植马铃薯需要大量的水”符合题意，故选B。
45.B【解析】题意：作者从这项实验中学到了什么？推理判断题。根据原文I feel that growing plants is just like trying to succeed with anything in life it takes not only time, but also lots of efforts and patience可知，作者从中学到了，凡事要想获得成功，要努力也要有耐心。B选项Rome wasn’t built in one day“罗马不是一天建成的”符合题意，故选B。


（四）【2020 •广西北部湾经济区】
根据短文内容, 选择最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将选定答案的字母标号涂黑。
Because of the coronavirus we couldn't go back to school. But I tried to make my life at home exciting during the holiday.
I often listened to music after finishing my schoolwork. Because of this, I learned about a lot of new songs and excellent singers. Listening to music can make me relaxed and keep my mood light.
I watched the news every night. It can help me understand the world. The news tells me the strength of our motherland and the difficulties some parts of the world face. From this, I learned that peace is important.
On weekends, I sometimes watched movies, such as The Shawshank Redemption(《肖申克的救赎》)and Forrest Gump(《阿甘正传》). These movies are very educational. They taught me not to give up. I like them very much.
Even if I couldn't go out, I still played sports. Sometimes I went to the gym(健身房)downstairs. I ran and did strength training. I think exercise is the best way to relax my mind and body, so I'm still exercising.
I also developed a new hobby—I planted a pot(盆)of flowers. Because of my care, it is growing very well now. I think growing flowers can cultivate(培养)my sense of responsibility.
During this period of time, I learned a lot and felt a lot. It was a colourful and meaningful time.
31. Why couldn't the writer go back to school?
A. Because he was tired of schooling. B. Because it wasn't time for school.
C. Because the coronavirus broke out. D. Because he wanted to learn more at home.
32. What did the writer do at home during the epidemic(疫情)?
a. Listened to music. b. Did homework. c. Watched movies. d. Planted a lot of trees.
A. abc B. acd C. bcd D. abd
33. What did the writer think about the news?
A. It could make him relaxed. B. It could keep his mood light.
C. It could make him feel peaceful. D. It could help him know the world.
34. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Forrest Gump is an educational movie. B. The writer jogged at the gym every day.
C. The writer lived a colourful life at home. D. Exercise is the best way to relax mind and body.
35. What does the underlined phrase "sense of responsibility" mean in Chinese?
A. 责任感 B. 成就感 C. 鉴赏力 D. 想象力
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述由于新冠病毒,作者不能回学校上学。通过听音乐，看新闻，看电影，做运动以及种花这些方法来学习和感受，生活多彩而且有意义。
31.C【解析】细节理解题.根据第一段 “Because of the coronavirus, we couldn't go back to school”由于新冠病毒,作者不能回学校上学。故选C。
32.A【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“I often listened to music after finishing my schoolwork”及第四段“On weekends, I sometimes watched movies”可知听音乐。做作业以及看电影都包括。Planted a lot of trees种树没有提到。故选A。
33.D【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“I watched the news every night. It can help me understand the world”看新闻帮助作者了解世界。故选D。
34.B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“These movies are very educational”电影有教育意义，A选项表述正确。根据第五段“Sometimes I went to the gym(健身房)downstairs”有时去楼下的健身房，B选项“every day”表述错误。根据最后一段“It was a colourful and meaningful time”生活多彩有意义，C选项表述正确。根据第五段“I think exercise is the best way to relax my mind and body”锻炼是放松心身的最好办法，D选项表述正确。故选B。
35.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Because of my care, it is growing very well now”由于我的照顾它才能长得好，可知sense of responsibility表达“责任感”。故选A。

（五）【2020 •安徽省】

Xiao Liuying is an old man living in a village near the Yangtze River. He used to be a fisherman. But now he is head of a voluntary(志愿的) team that cleans waste from the Yangtze river.
To protect finless porpoises(江豚) and the Yangtze River, the government has stopped people from fishing on the river. In 2019, Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen. Today the team has more than 50 members. All of them are over 60 years old. “We want to protect the river while we can,” said Xiao.
Every week, the team go along the river to collect waste and make sure no one is fishing on the river. Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station, while some that can be reused is sold. So far, they have cleaned over 50 tons of waste. Thanks to their hard work, the Yangtze River is getting clearer.
46．How many members were there in the team when it was formed?
A．12 B．13 C．50 D．62
47．What does the underlined word “disposal” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．处理 B．传播 C．救护 D．保养
48．What is the best title(标题) for the text?
A．Fishing on the Yangtze River
B．Tons of Waste in the Yangtze River
C．Reasons for Protecting the Yangtze River
D．A Voluntary Team Protecting the Yangtze River
本文讲述了一位住在长江附近的老人带领其他渔民组成了一个志愿小组，目的是清理长江上的垃圾和确保没人在长江捕鱼。
46．B【解析】细节理解题。根据In 2019, Xiao Liuying formed the voluntary team with 12 other fishermen，可知，这个志愿小组刚开始是由肖留英和其他12个渔民组成的，所以是共13个人。故选B。
47．A【解析】词句猜测题。根据Some of the waste they collect is sent to the disposal station, while some that can be reused is sold，可知，while表示“然而”，前后文是对立的关系，有一些可重复利用的垃圾被卖掉了，可推断，前文指的是一些不可重复利用的垃圾，这些往往会被送到处理站，所以disposal表示“处理”，故选A。
48．D【解析】最佳标题。通读全文，可知，本文主要讲述了一位住在长江附近的老人带领其他渔民组成了一个志愿小组，目的是清理长江上的垃圾和确保没人在长江捕鱼，所以最适合本文的标题是“保护长江的志愿小组”，故选D。


（六）【2020 •福建省】
Frank and his brother Jack lived near the ocean. Frank was outgoing while Jack was shy. They liked doing different things. Frank was famous for organizing games of beach volleyball, football, and any other sport imaginable. Jack preferred to draw, paint, or build sandcastles（沙堡）.
Frank didn't understand why Jack would rather do artistic things than play ball. He believed sports often allowed many kids to play together. That was when Jack's idea hatched. He would show Frank what doing things together looked like!
After Jack finished creating a special sandcastle with stairs, towers and walls, he took pictures of it. Then he painted colorful posters featuring（突出）his sandcastle and the question, "Can you top this?" He hung his posters everywhere in town, announcing his plan for a day of sandcastle artistry-all ages welcome.
When Frank saw poster, he not so nicely told Jack that no one would come. Still, shortly after sunrise on Saturday, Jack was on the beach digging in the sand. By mid-morning, four kids were sculpting（雕塑）the sand alongside him. By noon the number had increased a lot.
After Frank came back from his ball game, he went to check how his brother's plan turned out. He couldn't believe what he saw. At least 30 people were building a city of sandcastles, and everyone was chatting and laughing and working together! It was the most beautiful thing he had seen on the beach.
"I guess you've proved me wrong," Frank said. "You should make this sandcastle day a yearly tradition!" Handing Frank a shovel（铲子）with smile, Jack got started together with his brother on their super creation in the sand.
36．What does the underlined word "hatched" in Paragraph 2 probably mean in Chinese?
A．产生 B．改变 C．消失 D．中断
37．What helped people know about Jack's plan?
A．Beautiful towers. B．Colorful posters.
C．A town building. D．A sandcastle day.
38．When learning about Jack's plan, Frank was ________.
A．doubtful B．interested C．satisfied D．nervous
39．What can we know about Jack's idea?
A．It came from picture. B．It needed 30 people's support.
C．It proved Frank right. D．It did work well.
40．Which of the following best describes Jack?
A．Honest. B．Creative. C．Outgoing. D．Caring.
这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述杰克为了让弗兰克知道大家一起工作的乐趣，张贴海报通知大家建沙堡的计划；起初弗兰克对此计划持怀疑态度；但是结果至少30个人参加了建沙堡，大家一起工作的很开心；最后弗兰克和杰克一起也加入其中。
36．A【解析】词义猜测题。根据第二段“He would show Frank what doing things together looked like”可知此处指的是杰克的想法产生了。hatched的意思是“产生”。故选A。
37．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“He hung his posters everywhere in town, announcing his plan for a day of sandcastle artistry-all ages welcome”可知海报让人们知道了杰克的计划。故选B。
38．A【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“When Frank saw poster, he not so nicely told Jack that no one would come”可知弗兰克对杰克的计划持怀疑态度。故选A。
39．D【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“At least 30 people were building a city of sandcastles, and everyone was chatting and laughing and working together! It was the most beautiful thing he had seen on the beach”以及最后一段“Handing Frank a shovel with smile, Jack got started together with his brother on their super creation in the sand”至少30人参加而且弗兰克也加入了，可知杰克的计划运行正常，很起作用。故选D。
40．B【解析】推理判断题。杰克为了让弗兰克知道大家一起工作的乐趣，用张贴海报通知大家建沙堡的计划，期初弗兰克对此持怀疑态度，但是结果证明至少30个人参加了建沙堡，大家一起工作的很开心。最后弗兰克和杰克一起也加入其中。由此可推断杰克很有创造力，故选B。

（七）【2020 •广东省深圳市】
"Miss Smith! What rough (粗糙的) hands Mary Jessup has! "said Daisy Marvin, as she walked home from school with her teacher.
"In my opinion, Daisy, Mary's hands are the prettiest in our class."
"Why? Miss Smith, they are as red and hard as they can be. How they would look if she tried to play on a piano!" Daisy said.
Miss Smith took Daisy's hands in hers, and said, "Your hands are very soft and white, just the hands to look beautiful on a piano: yet they don't have one beauty that Mary's hands do. Shall tell you what the difference is?"
"Yes, please, Miss Smith." Daisy looked at Miss Smith, with eyes wide open.
"Well, Daisy, Mary's hands are very busy. They wash dishes; they make fires; they hang out clothes, and help to wash them, too: they are always trying to help her poor, hard-working mother."
Miss Smith continued, "Besides, they wash and dress the children; they mend their toys and dress their dolls; yet, they find time to bathe the head of the little girl who is so sick in the next house to theirs."
"They do good deeds (行为) to every living thing. I have seen them patting the tired horse and the homeless dog in the street. They are always ready to help those who need help."
"I shall never think Mary's hands are ugly any more, Miss Smith." Daisy said that with tears in eyes.
"I am glad to hear you say that, Daisy; and I must tell you that they are beautiful because they help others gladly and cheerfully."
"Oh, Miss Smith! I feel so ashamed of myself and so sorry, "said Daisy, looking into her teacher's face with shining eyes.
"My dear, beauty doesn't lie in how one looks but what he does."
30．What did Daisy think of Mary's hand at first?
A．Warm B．Ugly C．Dirty D．Soft
31．What is beauty in Miss Smith's opinion?
A．Being patient. B．Being good-looking.
C．Being helpful. D．Being hard-working.
32．What can we infer (推断) from the passage?
A．Mary's mother was lazy. B．Mary lived a comfortable life.
C．Miss Smith disliked Daisy. D．Daisy understood beauty better.
33．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Busy Days B．Cheerful Tears
C．Shining Eyes D．Beautiful Hands
本文是一篇记叙文，黛西认为玛丽粗糙的双手非常丑陋，老师告诉黛西，玛丽的手是最美的，因为她乐于助人，有着美好的品行。文章告诉我们：美丽不关乎外表，重要的是人们的行为。
30．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一、三段“What rough (粗糙的) hands Mary Jessup has…they are as red and hard as they can be”可知，黛西最初认为玛丽的手很丑陋。故选B。
31．C【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“I must tell you that they are beautiful because they help others gladly and cheerfully”可知，史密斯太太认为“乐于助人”是一种美丽。故选C。
32．D【解析】推理判断题。根据第九、十一段“I shall never think Mary's hands are ugly any more…I feel so ashamed of myself and so sorry”可知，黛西听完老师对玛丽的评价后，她为自己的言行感到抱歉，故可推知她对“美”有了更好的理解。故选D。
33．D【解析】最佳标题题。根据第二段“Mary's hands are the prettiest in our class”及最后一段“beauty doesn't lie in how one looks but what he does”可知，本文主要以“玛丽的手”为线索贯穿全文，讲述了美不关乎外表，而在于所作所为。玛丽乐于助人、勤俭有担当，所以她有一双美丽的手，故“美丽的双手”可作文本文标题。故选D。


（八）【2020 •河南省】
"Are you listening, Simon?" Simon's teacher asked. It was a pretty usual question.
Simon shook his head, smiling. He hardly listened or tried hard in class. Talking was so much fun. He wanted to be heard rather than listen.
"Listen, and you'll learn something." Mrs. Jacobs tried every day, but Simon never paid attention.
That evening, his throat really hurt. The next morning, when he opened his mouth to say "Good morning", nothing came out but a croak.
Simon's mother looked at him. "Honey, you've lost your voice."
"Can I stay home?" He tried to ask, but words didn't come out. Instead, his mother checked him for a fever and decided it was good for him to go to school, even if he couldn't talk.
When he got to school, Mrs. Jacobs said "Hello" to him, and he just nodded. When his friends asked him what TV shows he watched last night, he just shrugged. By the time the bell rang for class, almost everyone was looking at him as if he'd grown a third eye.
Penny raised her hand. "Mrs. Jacobs, why isn't Simon talking?"
"He never stops talking." Richard said worriedly.
Everyone started talking at once. They were excited, worried, and surprised.
Simon sat in class bored. He watched them talk to each other as if the teacher wasn't there, but he couldn't even do that. In math class he could hold up fingers if the answer was less than 10, but that wasn't fun. He decided to try to pay attention.
He could do his homework that night. It gave him TV and game time with his work all done.
The next day, even though his voice was coming back, he stayed quiet again. The third day, he could talk fine, but he listened and raised his hand to speak.
What a difference that one day made!

Word Bank
throat 喉咙
croak 低哑声
shrug 耸肩
6．What did Mrs. Jacobs want Simon to do in class?
A．To talk. B．To listen. C．To sit up. D．To stay awake.
7．What was the problem with Simon that day?
A．He got a cough. B．He was late for school.
C．He lost his voice. D．He lost interests in school.
8．Why was almost everyone looking at Simon?
A．Because he grew a third eye. B．Because Mrs. Jacobs praised him.
C．Because he talked with nobody. D．Because Mrs. Jacobs nodded to him.
9．Why could Simon do his homework that night?
A．Because he already got his voice back.
B．Because he paid much attention in class.
C．Because he was given easier homework.
D．Because he learnt to use fingers in class.
10．What is the best title for the text?
A．Are you talking? B．Are you listening?
C．Is your voice OK? D．Is your school fun?
文章大意：本文主要讲爱说话的Simon突然有一天不能说话了，他在学校安静了一天并开始把注意力放在课堂上，之后他开始认真听讲，不再一直说话。
6．B【解析】细节理解题。根据第3段中“ ‘Listen, and you'll learn something.’ Mrs. Jacobs tried every day”可知Mrs. Jacobs希望Simon在课堂上听讲。故选B。
7．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第5段中“Honey, you've lost your voice.”可知那天Simon失去了声音。故选C。
8．C【解析】细节理解题。根据第7段中“When he got to school, Mrs. Jacobs said ‘Hello’ to him, and he just nodded. When his friends asked him what TV shows he watched last night, he just shrugged.”可知老师问候他他点头，朋友们问他昨晚看了什么电视，他只是耸耸肩，大家都看着Simon是因为他不和任何人说话。故选C。
9．B【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第4段中“He decided to try to pay attention.”可知Simon那天晚上会做作业是因为他把更多注意力放在了课堂上。故选B。
10．B【解析】标题归纳题。根据第一段中“ ‘Are you listening, Simon?’ Simon's teacher asked. It was a pretty usual question.”讲“你在听讲吗”是Simon的老师常问的一个问题，结合全文内容，Simon一开始不听讲，后来失去声音开始听讲，这个问题是贯穿全文的线索，用“Are you listening?”做标题最合适。故选B。


（九）【2020 •广州市】
What will astronauts（宇航员）eat when a space trip takes years?
“Lots of fresh vegetables,” says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station. And it’s a good thing that she has already started her work, because space gardening can be really hard.
As usual, astronaut George White looked into the closed plant room. He had planted Dr. Williams’s quick-growing seedlings in it, but none of the stems were showing. He opened the room to check and found the problem. The stems weren’t growing upward and the roots weren't growing downward. On Earth, gravity（重力）helps a plant’s stems and roots to find “up”and “down”. However, in the space station, there was almost no gravity.
Dr. Williams suggested a solution: give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down.
Now Dr. Williams was free to worry about the next problem:Would her baby plants live to flower? Can we grow food on a space journey?
Many plants died in the space station. Dr. Williams thought she knew why: the space plants were hungry for air. Plants live by taking up CO2 from the air. Since a plant uses it up in the air around, the plant needs moving air to bring more CO2 close to its surface! On Earth, the air is always moving. Gravity pulls down cold air, and warm air rises. And with these air movements, plants get enough CO2.
Many earlier experiments with plants in space had used closed rooms.Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air move. The plants loved it. They flowered and even produced more seeds. Using Dr. Williams's method, astronaut George completed the first seed-to-seed experiment in space, and moved one plant closer to a garden in space.
“And this,” says Dr.Williams, “is good news for long-term space travel.”
41. Why have Dr. Williams’s team tried to grow plants in space?
A. To produce fresh air for astronauts.
B. To help astronauts relax themselves.
C. To provide food for long space journeys.
D. To make the space garden more beautiful.
42. How did light help solve the problem mentioned in Paragraph 3?
A. It caused the gravity to change.
B. It encouraged the plants to grow faster.
C. It helped the plants to grow in the right direction.
D. It showed the astronauts where to plant vegetables.
43. Why did many plants die in the space station?
A. The light was too strong.
B. There was too much CO2.
C. There was not enough room to grow.
D. The air condition was not good enough.
44. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 7 refers to________.
A. the moving air B. the closed room C. the space journey D. the space garden
45. What can we learn about Dr. Williams’s team from the passage?

A. They mainly live on fresh vegetables.
B. They have successfully built a space garden.
C. They invented a special fan for their greenhouse.
D. They have worked on space gardening for many years.
这是一篇说明文，文章介绍威廉博士和他的团队在太空中种植植物给太空旅行提供新鲜蔬菜的研究。
41.C【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段“What will astronauts eat when a space trip takes years? ‘Lots of fresh vegetables, ’ says Dr. Janet Williams, whose team have spent the last 10 years learning how to grow plants in a space station”可知是在太空种植植物是为了给太空旅行提供食物。故选C。
42.C【解析】推理判断题。根据“give the plants more light, as plants also use sunlight to find their way. And it worked. When the plants had more light, the stems turned up and the roots went down”可知光线帮助植物按正确的方向生长。故选C。
43.D【解析】细节理解题。根据“the space plants were hungry for air”可知因为空气不是足够好，所以很多植物在太空死去。故选D。
44.A【解析】词义猜测题。根据“keep the air move”可知此处it指的是移动的空气the moving air。故选A。
45.D【解析】推理判断题。根据“Many earlier experiments with plants in space had used closed rooms.Dr. Williams tried a new greenhouse that had a fan to keep the air move.”可知太空种植的钻研有很多年，故选D。

（十）【2020 •浙江省嘉兴市中考】
Whenever I’m invited to somebody’s house for the first time, I’ll take a close look at their bookshelves. What they keep on their shelves, in my eyes, is a reflection(反映) of their personal tastes and interests. The books on a bookshelf tell the story of a life.
My own shelves are a kind of roadmap through my life, telling a chronological tale. First up come my favorite childhood reads, like Watership Down and His Dark Materials. The collection then moves on to teenage things I read in school — Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Handmaid’s Tale and A Clockwork Orange. Finally, we come out of full-time education and enter the real world, and this part is a reflection of my professional(职业的) life, from the first exciting days of work experience to the present.
If you pointed to any book on my shelves, I could name the year I got it, where I was working, and probably where I was living at the time.
__▲ It is an easy way to get to know about his hopes, dreams and interests. And a big part of that story is how we arrange(排列) our books, and get on with them. It’s such a personal thing, different from each other. Some want to be with their books in every room, others have them on shelves, behind glass or simply lining their floors. Each home has a story to tell through the way they live with their books.
It’s often said that what we read says something about who we are. The way we fill our bookshelves might also send a message about ourselves. From the pile of books on your bedside table to your well-organized shelves, whether we notice it or not, our book collections are telling a story before a single page has been turned.
32. The books on the writer’s own shelves are organized according to _________.
A. their prices B. their writers
C. his personal interests D. the periods of his life
33. Which of the following is the best sentence to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4?
A. Every book is worth reading. B. Each bookshelf holds a special dream.
C. Book collections tell so much about a person. D. The books a person reads depend on his choices.
34. The writer seems to agree that ____________.
A. we’d better not put our books on the floor
B. the way we arrange our books shows our tastes
C. the books at our bedside are usually more important
D. we can know about a person by reading the message he sends
35. It can be learned from the passage that the writer is probably__________.
A. a book lover B. a story teller C. a shelf collector D. a fashion designer
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，作者提出了从一个人的书来了解一个人的观点。
32.D【解析】题意：作者自己书架上的书的排列方式都是按照_______。
细节理解题。根据原文My own shelves are a kind of roadmap through my life, telling a chronological tale可知，我自己的书架就像是我人生的路线图，讲述着一个按时间顺序排列的故事。D选项the periods of his life“他人生的各个时期”符合题意，故选D。
33.C【解析】题意：下列哪一项是填入第4段空白处的最佳句子？
推理判断题。根据原文It is an easy way to get to know about his hopes, dreams and interests可知，这是了解一个人的希望、梦想和兴趣的简单方法，故空格处所填句子应该与通过书的收集方式可以观察一个人有关。C选项Book collections tell so much about a person“书籍的收集方式告诉我们很多关于一个人的信息”符合题意，故选C。
34.B【解析】题意：作者似乎同意_______。
观点态度题。根据原文Book collections tell so much about a person. It is an easy way to get to know about his hopes, dreams and interests. And a big part of that story is how we arrange(排列) our books, and get on with them可知，作者同意这样一个观点，即“人们安放自己书籍的方式反映了个人品味”。B选项the way we arrange our books shows our tastes“我们整理书籍的方式显示了我们的品味”符合题意，故选B。
35.A【解析】题意：从这篇文章中可以看出，作者可能是_______。
推理判断题。根据原文My own shelves are a kind of roadmap through my life, telling a chronological tale和If you pointed to any book on my shelves, I could name the year I got it, where I was working, and probably where I was living at the time可知，作者很爱书，以至于他能记得购入每一本书的时间和当时自己生活的状态，可见书已经融入了作者的生活。A选项a book lover“爱读书的人”符合题意，故选A。



（十一）【2019 • 山东省青岛市】

Wind power is a very clean source of energy. This is how wind power works. Wind makes windmills spin (旋转). When the windmills spin, they make electricity. Then we can use the electricity. A lot of people think that wind power is new, but that’s not true. For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water. We still do those things today, but these days we mostly use wind power to make electricity.
Wind power is a very popular source of energy. Most people think that we should use it more and more. First of all, it’s clean. Windmills don’t pollute the environment at all. Second, we can use wind power forever. After all, we will always have wind. Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.
A lot of people don’t understand wind power very well. They believe that there are problems with wind power, but many of those problems are not real. For example, some people say that windmills are dangerous for birds. They used to be true, but it isn’t true anymore. Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.
However, there are real problems with windmills. One problem is that many people think windmills are very ugly. This is a problem for people, because windmills are often in very pretty areas. Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time. Finally, windmills are noisy.
Wind power is becoming more and more common. Right now, more than 80 countries use wind power. About 2.5 percent of the world’s power comes from the wind. For some countries, that number is a lot higher. Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.
23. Why DON’T new windmills kill birds? Because ___________.
A. birds don’t fly near them B. they spin slowly
C. they are shorter than old windmills D. new windmills don’t spin
24. When did people start using wind power?
A. About 25 years ago. B. About 80 years ago.
C. About 500 years ago. D. Over 1,000 years ago.
25. ___________, so we CAN’T use wind power all the time.
A. Windmills break all the time B. We can’t use windmills at night
C. Windmills are too expensive to use all the time D. Wind doesn’t blow all the time
26. What does the article say about wind power?
A. Most people don’t like it. B. It’s getting cheaper.
C. Denmark doesn’t use it. D. It’s getting more expensive.
27. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Expensive Windmills B. Cheap and Clean Energy
C. Popular and Clean Wind Power D. Dangerous Birds
【文章大意】短文介绍了人类对风能的利用。过去风能主要使用于海上航行和水利灌溉，而现在主要用风力发电。风能是一种非常清洁的能源。也是一种非常流行的能源。还介绍了风车一些弊端。风力发电越来越普遍，目前，80多个国家使用风力发电。世界上约2.5%的电力来自风能。
23. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中的句子＂Old windmills killed birds because they spun very fast. New windmills spin slowly, and they aren’t dangerous for birds.＂ 旧风车杀死鸟是因为它们旋转得很快。新的风车旋转缓慢，对鸟类来说并不危险。故答案为B。
24. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的句子＂For thousands of years, people have used wind to sail boats and move water.＂几千年来，人们借助风帆来航行和通过风车来灌溉。因此借助风力至少有一千多年的历史，答案是D。
25. D【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的句子＂Also, wind doesn’t blow all the time, so we can’t use wind power all the time.＂风不会一直吹，所以我们不能一直使用风力。故答案为D。
26. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的句子＂Wind power is a very popular source of energy.＂可知，风能是一种非常流行的能源，A选项错误；根据第二段中的句子＂Also, wind power is cheap, and it’s getting even cheaper.＂可知风能很便宜，而且越来越便宜。B选项正确，D选项错误；根据最后一句＂Wind power gives Denmark more than 25 percent of its electricity.＂风力发电为丹麦提供了超过25%的电力。C选项错误。故答案选B。
27. C【解析】标题归纳题。短文介绍了人类对风能的利用。风能是一种非常清洁的能源，也是一种非常流行的能源。故答案为C。

（十二）【2019 • 重庆市中考A卷】
Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do.
Be calm(冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry can’t solve problems. Neither can a fight. Instead, it may bring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved(卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are winners in a fight.
Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesn’t stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby.
____ Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.
1. The underlined word ＂attack＂ in Paragraph 3 means ＂_________＂ in Chinese.
A. 拥抱 B. 攻击 C. 阻止 D. 吸引
2. Which of the following sentences can be put in the _________?
A. Face bravely. B. Join in a fight.
C. Learn to refuse. D. Talk to someone.
3. The passage is written to _________.
A. help students keep away from fights B. warn students not to fight
C. advise students to help each other D. encourage students to work hard
4. The passage is written in a/an _________ tone(语气).
A. sad B. angry C. serious D. crazy
【文章大意】本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架时，你要学会拒绝并劝说不要打架。
1. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. 大的声音通常能使攻击者平静下来。attacker是名词＂攻击者＂的意思。去掉-er就是动词＂攻击＂。句子If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say ＂stop＂ before walking away. 中的attack是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击你，那么在你离开之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说＂停＂。因此单词attack，是＂攻击＂的意思。故选B。
2. C【解析】细节理解题。A. Face bravely. 勇敢地面对。B. Join in a fight. 参加打架。C. Learn to refuse. 学着拒绝。D. Talk to someone. 和某人交谈。根据Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. 你的朋友可能会要求你参加一场打架。你要学会说＂不＂。帮助他打架可能对他没有真正的帮助。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选C。
3. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Here’s something you can do. 学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？这是你能做的。可知，本文主要介绍了如何帮助学生远离打架。故选A。
4. C【解析】推理判断题。A. sad悲哀的；B. angry生气的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据Be calm(冷静). 、Shout loudly.和Learn to refuse.可知，本文介绍了如何在学校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃的。故选C。