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人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world精品导学案及答案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world精品导学案及答案，共30页。学案主要包含了用法讲解，2019·北京卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1.1 Reading and Thinking
【答案】
重点单词
1.reference n. 指称关系；参考；refer referred , referred , referring
2. basevt. 以...为据点；以为基础；based 以（某事）为基础的； 以……为重要部分（或特征）的
3. symbl n. 符号；象征；symblise vt. 象征，作为…的象征
4.variety n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化；varius 多种多样的；各种各样的
5. majr adj.主要的；重要的；n主修课程；主修学生majr；vi.主修；专门研究majr; majrity n. 多数；大部分
6.glbal adj. 全球的；全世界的；glben. 球体；地球仪；地球
7.appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；appreciatin n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解
8.beg /beg/ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求；beggar n. 乞丐; 家伙;
9.equal n.同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的；equally adv.平等地，同样地；
equality n．平等；同等； unequal adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任的； unequally adv. 不公平地；不相等地
10.descriptin n.描写（文字）；形容 ；describe vt. 描述；形容
11.relate vt. 联系；讲述；relatin n. 关系；联系；交往；relatinship n.关系；
目标短语
be native t...
refer t
despite the fact that…
be based n/upn
date back t ... （= date frm…）
a variety f = varieties f = varius
majr in
by means f...
by n means
regard … as …
appreciate China’s culture and histry
struggle fr sth./t d sth.
frm my pint f view
the spring/fall semester
ride/take the subway
beg sb t d sth
generatin gap
meet/satisfy their custmers' demands
beynd descriptin
与……有关， 和……有联系
积极/消极/坚定的态度
浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
.与……斗争；与……抗争
. 感激（某人）做某事
1.billin / ˈbɪljən / n. 十亿
Hw many billin peple speak the UN' s fficial languages as their native r secnd language?
有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言？（P60）
表数量的词的用法
2. relate / rɪˈleɪt / vt. 联系；讲述
relate A with/ t B把…联系起来
I can't relate what he des with/ t what he says. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。
be related t 与……有关， 和……有联系
This heart attack may be related t his verwrk. 这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。
relate t 与…… 相关；涉及；谈到
Des each sentence relate t the main idea? 每个句子都与主旨有关吗？（P67）
【拓展】
（1）relatin /rɪˈleɪʃn/ n. 关系；联系；交往
internatinal relatins国际关系
（2）relatinship /rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp/ n.关系；联系
She has a very clse relatinship with her sister. 她和她妹妹非常亲密。
3.attitude / ˈætɪtju:d ; NAmE 'ætitu:d/ n. 态度；看法
What is the attitude f the speaker twards freign language learning? 演讲者对外语学习的态度是什么？（P60）
Beauty is an attitude. It has nthing t d with age. 美是一种态度，与年龄无关。
a psitive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
an attitude t /twards 对… ...的态度
We shuld develp a gd attitude t/twards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。
4.reference / ˈrefrəns / n. 指称关系；参考
I wrte dwn the name f the htel fr future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。
reference bks参考书
5.refer/ rɪˈfɜ:(r) / (referred , referred , referring)
vi.提到；参考；查阅 ；refer t 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
Pay attentin t the cntext f wrds t help yu understand what the prnuns refer t. 注意单词的上下文，帮助你理解代词指代什么。（P60）
Yu may refer t yur ntes if yu want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。
refer t a dictinary 查词典
vt.查询；叫……求助于
Fr further details I refer yu t my secretary. 详情请问我的秘书。
6. demand/ dɪˈmɑ:nd /
n.要求；需求 ；in demand需求大
I must make it a questin , nt a demand. 我必须把它作为一个问题，而不是要求。（P66）
Demand fr cal is dwn. 煤的需求下降了。
Gd teachers are always in demand. 优秀的老师总是需求很大。
vt. 强烈要求；需要
She demanded an immediate answer. 她强烈要求立即作出答复。
demand + that从句（从句中用虚拟语气“shuld+动词原形”， shuld常可省略）
The wrkers demanded that they (shuld) get better pay and cnditins.
工人们要求提高工资和改善工作条件。
vi.查问
“Wh are yu? ” he demanded angrily. “你到底是谁？”他气势汹汹地查问道。
7. equal /'i:kwəl /
n.同等的人；相等物
…ur relatinship is clse and we're equals ……我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的人…（P66）
adj. 相同的；同样的
Men and wmen enjy equal pay fr equal wrk. 男女同工同酬。
be equal t… 与……相等；能胜任……（t为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）
I can't find a persn wh can be equal t this wrk. 我找不到能胜任这个工作的人。
be equal in sth．在某方面相等
Nt all men are equal in ability. 人的能力并不都是一样的。
vt. 等于; 和……相等；比得上
Fur plus fur equals eight．四加四等于八。
【拓展】
（1）equally adv.平等地，同样地；均等地
Diet and exercise are equally imprtant.饮食和锻炼同样重要。
（2）equality /iˈkwɒləti/ n．平等；同等
I believe in the principle f equality befre the law. 我相信法律面前人人平等的原则。
（3）unequal /ʌnˈi:kwəl/ adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任的
The twins are unequal in height. 这一对孪生儿高矮不一样.
（4）unequally adv. 不公平地；不相等地
Their prfits were divided unequally. 他们的利润分配不均。
9.ups and dwns 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
The relatinship between China and America has seen ups and dwns in the past fifty years.
在过去的50年里，中美两国关系跌宕起伏。
10. factr / ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素
There are many reasns why this has been pssible but ne f the main factrs has been the Chinese writing system . 这种可能是有很多原因的，但主要因素之一是汉语书写系统。（P62）
11. base /beɪs/
vt. 以...为据点；以为基础；base… n/upn；be based n/upn以……为基础；以……为根据
I based my pinin n facts. = My pinin was based n facts. 我的看法是以事实为根据的。
n. 底部；根据 ；基础
the ecnmic base 经济基础
12.based /beist/ 以（某事）为基础的； 以……为重要部分（或特征）的
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。（P62）
a Chicag-based cmpany 总部设在芝加哥的公司
【注意】直接可以用based n… 作定语或状语。
Based n a true stry, the film deeply mved us.
以一个真实的故事为基础，这部影片深深打动了我们。
basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的；首要的
The basic frms f the English writing system are knwn as letters.
英语书写系统的基本形式是字母。（P63）
Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. 毕竟，睡眠是非常基本的需要。
13.date back t ... 追溯到 （= date frm…）
It dates back several thusand years t the use f lnggu ...
它可以追溯到数千年前龙骨的使用... ... （P62）
Oxfrd and Cambridge date back t the thirteenth century.
牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。
date back t ... / date frm… 不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。
My family has a vase dating back t the Ming Dynasty.
我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。
14. means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant means by which China's present is cnnected with its past.
书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。（P62）
by means f... 用... ...办法；借助... ...
He succeeded by means f hard wrk. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。
by n means 绝不，无论如何都不
He is by n means a brave persn. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。
【注意】
（1）means是单复数同形的名词，作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。
Every pssible means has been tried t make him give up smking.
每一种可能的方法都试了让他戒烟。
（2）先行词means在定语从句中充当方式状语时，引导词用by which。
This is the means by which he slved the prblem. 这就是他解决问题的方式。
(先行词the means还原到定语从句中为：he slved the prblem by the means，因此引导词用 by which。)
15. struggle / ˈstrʌgl /
n. 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事
When I started studying German , it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。（P64）
Lsing weight was a terrible struggle. 减肥是一件非常艰难的事。
vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力
She struggled t her feet. 她艰难地站起来。
struggle fr sth./t d sth. 为争取……而奋斗
They were struggling fr independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。
struggle against/with sb./sth.与……斗争；与……抗争
He struggled against cancer fr tw years.他同癌症抗争了两年。
16. .regard / rɪˈgɑ:d /
n. 尊重；关注 ； 问候（尤用于信中表示问好）
The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters … 对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出……（P62）
Give my regards t yur family. 请代我向你家人问好。
vt. 把... 视为；看待；regard … as … 将……认为；把……视为
Her wrk is very highly regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。
He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。
17. appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt /
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
appreciate China’s culture and histry thrugh this amazing language.
通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。（P62）
I'd greatly appreciate yur supprt .我非常感激你的支持。
appreciate (ne’s) ding sth. 感激（某人）做某事
He wuld much appreciate yur ding him that favr.
如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。
appreciate it … if… 如果……，将感激不尽
I’d appreciate it if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。
vi. 增值
Their investments have appreciated ver the years. 他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
【拓展】
appreciatin /əˌpri:ʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解
Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase yur appreciatin f Chinese culture.
学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力。（P63）
They have a strnger appreciatin f the imprtance f educatin.
他们对教育的重要性有了更深的理解。
18. pint f view观点；看法
I culd see the wrld frm a different pint f view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。（P64）
Try t see the matter frm her pint f view. 尽量从她的角度来考虑这个问题.
Frm my pint f view , the party was a cmplete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。
19.variety /vəˈraɪətɪ/ n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化
was a time when peple were divided gegraphically, leading t many varieties f dialects and characters. ... ...那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期，导致了多种方言和文字。（P62）
a variety f = varieties f = varius 多种多样的；各种各样的
China has a variety f / varieties f / varius plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。
20. majr / ˈmeɪdʒə(r) /
adj.主要的；重要的；大的
Emperr Qinshihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry.
秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家。（P62）
Obesity is a majr risk factr in many diseases. 肥胖是引发多种疾病的重要因素。
n.主修课程；主修学生
Her majr is French. 她的专业课是法语。
She's a French majr. 她是法语专业的学生。
vi.主修；专门研究 ；majr in 主修……学科
She majred in Histry at Stanfrd. 她在斯坦福主修历史。
majrity / məˈdʒɒrəti/n. 多数；大部分
The majrity f peple prefer TV t radi.
大多数人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。
21.n matter where, wh, what, etc. 不论……；不管……
Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak, they can all still cmmunicate in writing. 即使是今天，无论中国人住在哪里, 说什么方言，他们都能通过书写（文字）进行交流。（P62）
【用法讲解】
“n matter+疑问词” 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……，无论……”。可置于句首、句中和句尾 。
Dn't pen the dr, n matter wh calls! 不管谁叫门，都不要开！
N matter wh breaks the law, he shuld be punished. 不管谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
N matter what yu say, he wn’t believe yu. 无论你说什么，他都不相信你。
I'll help yu n matter when yu have difficulties. 无论何时你有困难，我就帮你。
22. dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n. 地方话；方言
I can fluently speak different dialects f Chinese. 我可以流利地讲不同的中国方言。
一．根据首字母或者汉语意思完成句子。
1. They rented an___________________(公寓套房) in a building verlking Central Park.
2. That man gave me a vivid__________________________(描述) f Guilin scenery.
3.There are_______________(各种各样) f wild life in this rainfrest.
4. My brther m________________ in cmputer applicatin when she was at cllege.
5. I ften travel t the nrth, s I am familiar with several d_______________there.
6. Li Tai, as a calligrapher, ften participates in natinal c__________________exhibitins.
7. She disclsed sme details ,which was r_________t the murder case.
8. In making the plan, Tm went t the library and r______________t many bks.
9. I hpe I can make even greater prgress next s___________.
10.D_____________the snw utside, he went t wrk as usual.
11. At the cngress, many delegates talked abut the refrm f the educatin s__________
【答案】
1.apartment 2.descriptin 3. varieties 4. majred 5. dialects 6. calligraphy
7. related 8. referred 9. Semester 10. Despite 11. system
二、单句语法填空
1. Slid friendship is___________ ( base) n mutual trust.
2. As an art schl, it is___________________( knw) fr its scientific teaching methds.
3. The veteran fighter_____________________(refer) t his experiences during the Lng March.
4. Sme f us think these symbls were___________________(carve) thusands f years ag by ur Chinese peple.
5. When travel arund ur cuntry, yu will hear__________________( variety) f dialects here and there.
6. Many freign friends think sme f the Chinese___________________( character) difficult t write.
7.It's said that the bridge_________________ (date)back t 3,000 years ag.
8. D yu think it__________________(imprtance) t practice speaking English every day.
9. Li Hua is____________________( regard)as a gd example t fllw in ur class.
10. The less he wrried, the.________________ (well)he wrked.
【答案】1.based 2. knwn 3. referred 4.carved 5.varieties
6.characters 7.dates 8.imprtant 9. regarded 10.better
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Gertrude Chandler listened. Anther train was passing her huse in Putnam, Cnnecticut. She lved living acrss the street frm the railway statin.
Smetimes, Gertrude was ill and had t stay hme frm schl. When she was nt feeling well, bks were her friends. One day in 1899, while she was reading a bk, Gertrude, at the age f 9, glanced (瞥) ut the windw at a train. She culd see inside its last car. She saw a small stve (炉子), cups, and a cffee pt. Hw cmfrtable it lked! It was like a little hme. Wuldn't it be wnderful t live in a bxcar?
After high schl, Gertrude decided t find a jb. She had always lved t write. Sn she was writing fr a newspaper in her twn. Later, at age twentysix, she wrte her first real bk. With her sister Frances, Gertrude wrte mre bks. Mst f these were fr grwnup readers.
In 1924, Gertrude wndered again abut living in a train car. She decided t write a stry called The Bxcar Children. The characters in the bk were called the Alden children. They were named Henry, Jessie, Vilet, and Benny. Afraid f living with a grandfather they had never met, the Alden children made a hme fr themselves in an ld red bxcar they discvered in the wds. The ldest by Henry wrked in a nearby twn t buy fd and ther things they needed. The brave children made a happy life fr themselves and had many adventures (奇遇) tgether. When Gertrude became a teacher, she read the bxcar bk t her pupils.
During the next thirty years, Gertrude wrte eighteen mre bks abut the bxcar children. She died in 1979, but her welllved bks live n. The adventures f Henry, Jessie, Vilet, and Benny still bring smiles t the faces f yung readers.
21．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Why Gertrude's family lived near a train statin.
B．Hw Gertrude gt the idea f living in a bxcar.
C．Why Gertrude's friends were mstly bks.
D．Hw Gertrude spent her days ff schl.
22．What happened t the Alden children?
A．They had t supprt themselves.
B．They lived in a bxcar n a train.
C．They had n families t live with.
D．They had many adventures n a train.
23．What can we learn abut Gertrude Chandler?
A．She wrte mst f her bks with Frances' help.
B．She drpped ut f schl at a very yung age.
C．She is knwn fr her bks fr children.
D．She liked travelling by train.
B
Yu may ride yur bicycle in a rush t get t schl every mrning. Yu may fight t get a bit f space n a bus r n the subway. Yu may als watch taxis crawl their way thrugh traffic jams.
N matter where yu are, all big cities arund the wrld have traffic jams these days. Althugh they all have their prblems, many cities als have a type f transprt that has becme a cultural icn (象征物)．
In Lndn, t avid the traffic jams abve grund, peple use the “undergrund”， als called the “tube”. The city has the ldest and mst cmplicated undergrund railway systems in the wrld and the undergrund is the pride f many Lndners. With 12 lines and 275 statins acrss the city, the undergrund, is nrmally the quickest and easiest way f getting acrss Lndn. In Lndn, yu are never far frm a tube statin.
New Yrk is famus fr its yellw cabs. They serve as a quick and easy way f getting acrss Manhattan, where the subway desn't take yu everywhere. Stpping a cab is easy; just stick ut yur arm like what yu d in any ther cities. But, with ver 12,000 yellw cabs in the Big Apple, New Yrk als has traffic jams.
Since 1873 when the first cable car started public service, the slw and nisy vehicle has been a symbl f San Francisc. Althugh nce damaged by a serius earthquake and challenged by cars, the cable car is never caught in traffic jams, and it prvides better views than the subway.
But there are n such symbls in Ls Angeles. If yu visit this city, yu'd better rent a car. The city's public transprt is terrible. It can take hurs t get acrss the twn by bus. The subway cvers just a small part f the city centre. The light rail line nly runs between the Lng Beach Htel and the city centre. That's why Angelens (洛杉矶人) lve their private cars mre than any ther peple in the wrld.
24．If yu have a chance t visit Lndn and want t avid the traffic jams, yu'd better ________.
A．ride a bicycleB．take a taxi
C．take the subway D．rent a car
25．Which type f transprt has becme a cultural icn f the Big Apple?
A．The nisy vehicles.B．Cable cars.
C．The subway. D．Yellw cabs.
26．Peple in Ls Angeles like t hire private cars because f the fllwing EXCEPT that ________.
A．the public transprt is terrible
B．it is nt expensive t take a private car
C．the subway cvers a small part f the city centre
D．peple have t spend hurs getting acrss Ls Angeles by bus
27．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．hw big cities in freign cuntries develp their transprt
B．hw peple in cities avid traffic jams
C．why Lndn has the ldest and mst cmplicated subway systems
D．why peple call New Yrk the Big Apple
C
When it cmes t learning a freign language, many peple wnder if they will be able t memrize enugh vcabulary. But this questin never happens abut their mther tngue, and yet, it was a freign language nce. Hwever, amng all the questins that new parents ask, n dctr has ever heard：“Will my baby be able t learn my language？” Be hnest, d yu knw all the wrds f yur mther tngue? The answer is：“N.”
New wrds, and new ways f using ld wrds, appear every day. Twenty years ag, wh wuld have been able t understand a sentence like this：“Click here t dwnlad yur digital bk”？ Nbdy. Yu never stp learning new vcabulary and yu never knw hw lng yu will need it.
Smetimes, yu have the wrd n the tip f yur tngue ... and it sticks there! But yu d knw this phenmenn (现象) and dn't think that it is because f a bad memry. Yu shuld nt give this phenmenn mre imprtance in the language yu are learning than in yur mther tngue.
Yu need t learn nly 2,000 r s basic wrds t be able t create any phrase yu need. Yu can't avid sme wrk in rder t learn these necessary wrds and all the mre if yu want t learn quickly. And befre yu cnsider buying int any methd, be sure it is right fr yu. It is nt wise t depend n any methds baseds upn mnemnics (记忆术). The first wrds seem very easy t learn, s yu buy the curse, but then yu discver quickly, thugh t late, that a dzen wrds later, it is all the mre difficult t learn a new wrd.
28．T learn a freign language, the authr advises yu ________.
A．t remember new wrds appearing every day
B．t keep up with new ways f using ld wrds
C．t learn at least 2,000 necessary wrds
D．t pay mre attentin t yur bad memry
29．The authr's attitude t mnemnics is________.
A．supprtive B．neutral
C．ppnent D．indifferent
30．The passage is mainly abut________.
A．using ld wrds in a new way
B．learning new wrds frm the cntext
C．finding a methd t memrize vcabulary
D．learning vcabulary f a freign language
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A dg's mind is nly equal t that f a twyearld baby.__31__ Therefre, they are prbably the first t ntice any change in the behaviur f their masters. Let's d sme deep digging t understand the amazing ability f a dg.
They sense yur feelings. Isn't it strange？__32__ This is true. A study published in the Animal Cgnitin jurnal says that dgs are knwn t cme t peple wh appear sad r depressed. It desn't matter if the persn is their wner r a stranger. They have an ability t sense sadness and are attracted t trubled suls.
__33__ Dgs can easily tell when yu're playing with favurites, and if yu reward r play mre with ther pets, yur dg might ntice it and feel uncmfrtable.As they can't say hw they feel, they'll scratch (挠), yawn r lick their muths.
They smell fear. Let's say yu are faced with yur wrst fear. Wuld yu get scared and run away r just face it？Befre chsing hw t deal with it, yu shuld remember ne thing. __34__ Research shws that dgs ften sense their masters' respnses in dangerus situatins. If yu fear smething and chse t back away, chances are that yur pet is ging t d the same thing.
They're watching yu.We are all raised as respectable individuals wh are taught t respect elders, bey the law and help ut peple in need frm time t time. __35__ But if yu have a dg at hme, it is time t be serius abut them. Dgs like generus peple. S just be careful arund yur pet; it may judge yu n hw yu behave with thers.
A．They sense health prblems.
B．They understand when ignred.
C．They knw when n ne's lking at them.
D．Yu wuld be setting an example t yur pet.
E．Every time yu feel sad, yur dg just knws it.
F．But dgs are able t sense everything arund them.
G．Hwever, nt all f us take these three things seriusly.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
With an ld wallet in his hand, a beggar was asking fr sme cins t buy smething t eat alng the street. He kept __36__ why thse wh had s much mney were never __37__ and were always desiring mre. “If I had enugh t __38__ and t wear, I wuldn't want anything mre，” he said.
Just then Gddess Frtune came dwn the __39__ and saw the beggar. She said, “I've wished t __40__ yu fr lng. Nw, pen yur __41__ and I'll pur gld int it. But all that falls int the wallet will be pure __42__ while all falling upn the __43__ shall becme dust. Understand？”
“Yes，” said the beggar.
“Yu shuld __44__！ Yur wallet is a __45__ ne, s dn't lad it t heavily，” said the Gddess Frtune.
The excited beggar culd __46__ wait t have gld. He quickly pened his wallet, and a __47__ f gld was pured int it. The wallet grew heavier.
“Is that enugh? Isn't it cracking？” asked the Gddess Frtune.
“Never __48__. It's still strng enugh，” answered the beggar.
The wallet was filled with s much gld that the beggar's hands began t __49__. “If nly the glden stream wuld __50__ frever! Just a little mre! __51__ just a handful r tw，” said the beggar.
“It's full. The wallet will __52__，” warned the Gddess Frtune. But the beggar requested, “It will __53__ a little mre.”
Sme mre gld was added and the wallet split (裂开). The __54__ fell upn the grund and became dust. The beggar had nthing but his __55__ wallet.
36．A.shwing B．explaining
C．prving D．wndering
37．A.relaxedB．satisfied
C．wrried D．depressed
38．A.learnB．watch
C．eat D．play
39．A.streetB．bridge
C．yard D．frest
40．A.praiseB．frgive
C．help D．welcme
41．A.catB．pcket
C．bx D．wallet
42．A.jyB．luck
C．water D．gld
43．A.handB．grund
C．face D．table
44．A.lk utB．stand up
C．stay ut D．wake up
45．A.smallB．smelly
C．wrn D．full
46．A.actuallyB．hardly
C．clearly D．mstly
47．A.streamB．piece
C．pair D．bag
48．A.leaveB．request
C．fear D．knw
49．A.spreadB．clse
C．hide D．shake
50．A.purB．end
C．dry D．race
51．A.TakeB．Add
C．Lend D．Send
52．A.flwB．burst
C．disappear D．change
53．A.attractB．permit
C．include D．hld
54．A.presentB．fd
C．treasure D．jewel
55．A.brkenB．magical
C．mistaken D．clurful
四、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smetimes hmewrk can becme a battle __56__ parents and children. Kids ften appear t put ff hmewrk t the very last minute, while their parents are __57__ (wrry) that they may fail at schl if nt __58__ (treat) it seriusly and timely. The result seems t be cnflict.
As parents, yu shuld give yur children a chance t talk abut their schlwrk. Even if yu knw nthing abut __59__ particular subject, yu can still help just by talking and listening and helping them find their wn answers. If yu d nt understand the wrk they __60__ (give), use the Internet r ask friends and family t take a lk.
It is imprtant t help yur children keep t a rutine. Sme children prefer t d hmewrk __61__ (direct) after schl while thers prefer t play first, and d hmewrk __62__. Let yur children decide what is right fr them. Try t create a suitable place __63__ they can d hmewrk, smewhere with gd lighting and n __64__ (interrupt)．
If yur children have specific learning needs and yu feel the hmewrk is an issue, make an appintment with the teacher as sn as yu can __65__ (ask) fr sme advice.
答案解析
一、阅读理解
A语篇解读：本文是记叙文。格特鲁德·钱德勒住在铁路边，路过的火车使她幻想生活在火车车厢中的情景。随后，她创作了《棚车少年》系列作品，让书中的人物替自己实现了儿时的梦想。
21解析：选B 段落大意题。由第二段可知，格特鲁德生病在家看书时，瞥见窗外路过的火车的最后一节车厢，里面的陈设很温馨，给人一种小家的感觉，于是她便幻想住在火车车厢中会不会很棒。因此，本段主要介绍格特鲁德是如何产生住在火车车厢中这个想法的。
22解析：选A 推理判断题。由第四段中的“the Alden children made a hme ... in the wds”和“The ldest by Henry wrked ... things they needed”可知，这几个孩子独自住在森林里的一节废弃车厢里，年长的哥哥通过打工来维持兄妹几个的生活。
23解析：选C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Gertrude wrte eighteen mre bks abut the bxcar children”和“her welllved bks live n”可知，格特鲁德所著的《棚车少年》系列儿童读物在她去世后依然流传于世，且倍受喜爱。
B语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了几个外国大城市的公共交通状况。
24解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，在伦敦，为了避开地面上拥挤的交通，人们都会选择乘坐地铁。它包括12条线路和275个车站，是畅游伦敦最简便快捷的途径。故选C。
25解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，纽约最著名的交通工具是yellw cabs。坐这种车出行快速、简便，你只需一招手便可以打到车。故D项正确。
26解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章的最后一段可知，这个城市的公共交通状况糟透了：坐公交车穿越整个城市需要好几个小时；地铁只覆盖了市中心的一小部分。故B项符合题意。
27解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据文章的第一、二段内容可知，本文的中心话题是世界上所有的大城市现在都有交通问题。为解决这一难题，作者列举了伦敦、纽约、旧金山和洛杉矶等一些大城市的做法。由此可知，B项为最佳选项。
C语篇解读：本文主要介绍了外语学习中的词汇学习问题。
28解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Yu need t learn nly 2,000 r s basic wrds t be able t create any phrase yu need.”可知，C项为正确答案。
29解析：选C 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“It is nt wise t depend n any methd based upn mnemnics (记忆术)．”可知，作者对记忆术是持否定态度的。
30解析：选D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了学习外语时遇到的问题，人们总是担心自己记忆的词汇量不够，但是一个人对自己母语的词汇也并不能全认识，所以没有必要担心词汇量的问题，只要掌握一些基本的词汇就可以了，故D项符合主旨。
二、七选五
语篇解读：本文主要向我们介绍了狗的一些令人惊奇的能力。
31．选F 根据第一段的“Therefre, they are prbably the first t ntice any change in the behaviur f their masters.”可知，第一段主要讲了狗能感知它们周围的任何东西。因此，它们能很快地感知主人行为的任何变化，故选F。
32．选E 根据此空后面的“A study published in the Animal Cgnitin jurnal says that dgs are knwn t cme t peple wh appear sad r depressed.”可知，此段讲的是狗更能感知人的悲伤。当你不开心时，你的狗都能感知到，故选E。
33．选B 根据第三段的“Dgs can easily tell when yu're ... ntice it and feel uncmfrtable.”可知，当你忽视了你的宠物狗时，它们都能感知到。
34．选D 根据此段的“Research shws that dgs ften ... pet is ging t d the same thing.”可知，当你遇到危险的状况时，狗狗也能感知你的反应。同样，当遇到危险的时候，它也会和你做出一样的反应。因此，你应该为你的宠物树立一个好的榜样。
35．选G 根据最后一段的“We are all raised as respectable individuals wh are taught t respect elders, bey the law and help ut peple in need frm time t time.”可知，这里提到了三件事，故选G。
三、完型填空
语篇解读：一个乞丐有幸得到了幸运女神的帮助，然而他贪得无厌，不懂得适可而止，最终一无所有。
36解析：选D 该空后的“... why thse ... were always desiring mre.”是这个乞丐想要知道的，故选wndering。
37解析：选B 根据该空后的“and were always desiring mre”可知，此处指有很多钱的人永不“满足”，总是想要更多。
38解析：选C 根据文章首句中的“t buy smething t eat”可知，他说自己的钱如果够他“吃”、够他穿，他就不会想要更多。
39解析：选A 根据第一段第一句中的“alng the street”可知，当时这个乞丐正沿街乞讨，这时幸运女神沿着“街道”走来，两人相遇了。
40解析：选C 根据下文提到的幸运女神给了乞丐金子可推知，此处幸运女神说她很久之前就想“帮助”乞丐了。
41解析：选D 根据下文的“all that falls int the wallet”可知，幸运女神让乞丐打开“钱袋”。
42解析：选D 联系上一句中的“I'll pur gld int it”可知，所有掉进钱袋里的金子都会变成纯“金”。
43解析：选B 根据最后一段的“fell upn the grund and became dust”可知，掉到“地面”上的金子将会变成尘土。
44解析：选A 根据下一句中幸运女神提出的建议“dn't lad it t heavily”可知，幸运女神提醒乞丐要“小心”。
45解析：选C 联系第一段第一句中的“an ld wallet”和最后一段的“the wallet split”可知，钱袋“用旧了”，所以要小心，不能装太沉的东西。
46解析：选B 联系该空前的“excited”和下一句中的“He quickly pened his wallet”可知，乞丐迫不及待地想拥有金子，故选hardly。
47解析：选A 根据该空后的“was pured int it”可知，幸运女神将一些金子倒进了乞丐的钱袋。a stream f意为“一连串，一些”。
48解析：选C 根据该空后的“It's still strng enugh”可知，乞丐告诉幸运女神不要“担心”。
49解析：选D 根据该空前的“The wallet was filled with s much gld”可知，钱袋里装的金子太多了，以至于乞丐的手开始“颤抖”。
50解析：选A 联系上文的“gld was pured int it”和文中暗示的乞丐的贪婪可知，他希望金子会一直“涌进”他的钱袋。
51解析：选B 根据该空前的“Just a little mre！”可知，乞丐让幸运女神继续往他的钱袋里倒金子，即往里面“增加”金子。
52解析：选B 联系上一句“It's full.”可知，钱袋已经满了，它要“爆裂”了。
53解析：选D 联系上一句中幸运女神的劝告和下一段提到的钱袋裂开了可知，乞丐对幸运女神的警告不屑一顾，认为钱袋还能“装下”金子。
54解析：选C 联系第二段幸运女神所说的话可知，由于乞丐不听劝告，金子(即“财宝”)掉到了地上，变成了尘土。
55解析：选A 根据最后一段第一句中的“the wallet split”可知，最后这个乞丐只剩下那个“坏掉的”钱袋了。
四、语法填空
语篇解读：孩子们常常把作业留到最后一分钟去做，而父母经常督促他们写作业，父母怎样做更合适呢？
56．between 有时候家庭作业会成为父母和孩子之间的一场斗争。between ... and ...意为“在……和……之间”，是固定搭配。
57．wrried 父母担心他们如果不及时认真地对待家庭作业的话，他们可能会在学校考试不及格。所填词作表语，且用来形容人，故用形容词wrried “担忧的”。
58．treating if引导的条件状语从句用了省略形式，主句和从句主语都是they，且they与treat “对待，处理”是主谓关系，故用现在分词。
59．a 即使你对一个特定的学科一无所知，你仍然可以通过交谈、倾听和帮助他们找到自己的答案来实施帮助。句中的“subject”是可数名词，表示“学科”，此处表示泛指，因此用不定冠词修饰。
60．are given/have been given 如果你不明白给他们布置的作业，就用互联网或者让朋友和家人看一看。本句中的“they”指孩子们，give与they是动宾关系，因此用被动语态。可用一般现在时表示对事实情况进行一般性的陈述，也可用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
61．directly 一些孩子喜欢放学后就直接做作业。directly“直接地”，为副词修饰动词d。
62．later 而其他孩子喜欢先玩，随后再做作业。根据语境和前面的“play first”可知，这里有比较明显的先后关系，故用later “随后，然后”。
63．where 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
64．interruptin(s) 此处指“光线好且不受打扰的某个地方”。依据句中的“n”可知这里需要填名词，故填interrupt的名词(复数)形式。
65．t ask 尽快约一下老师以寻求建议。不定式t ask fr sme advice作目的状语，表示“make an appintment”的目的。
1. 【2018全国卷II语法填空】Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal 67______ (glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin.
2.【河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评】Calligraphy is a visual art 1 (relate) t writing. It is the design and executin f lettering with a brad tip instrument, brush, r ther writing instruments.
3. 【2019·北京卷】Students shuld have a prper attitude twards cllege befre thinking abut which cllege t attend, and it’s never t early t make necessary preparatins fr a healthy and ___10___(meaning)cllege experience.
1. 答案及解析：glbal 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰,故答案为glbal。
2.related【解析】考查非谓语动词。短语be related t与……相关，在句中作定语，修饰名词art，故用过去分词形式。句意：书法是一种与书写有关的视觉艺术。故填related。
3.meaningful. 考查词性转换。句意：在考虑该上哪个大学之前，学生应该对于大学有一个适当的态度，尽量提早做必要的准备，以便将来能够有一个健康并且有意义的大学生活。
重点单词
1. n. 指称关系；参考________________；vi.提到；参考；查阅 _____________;过去式_____________现在分词_____________
2. vt. 以...为据点；以为基础_____________；以（某事）为基础的； 以……为重要部分（或特征）的_____________
3. n. 符号；象征_____________； vt. 象征，作为…的象征_____________
4. n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化_____________；多种多样的；各种各样的_____________
5. adj.主要的；重要的_____________；n主修课程；主修学生 _____________；vi.主修；专门研究_____________ n. 多数；大部分_____________
6. adj. 全球的；全世界的_____________； n. 球体；地球仪；地球_____________
7. vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会_____________； n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解_____________
8 vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求_____________； n. 乞丐; 家伙_____________;
9. n.同等的人；相等物_____________ adj. 相同的；同样的_____________； adv.平等地，同样地_____________； n．平等；同等_____________； adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任_____________； adv. 不公平地；不相等地_____________
10. n.描写（文字）；形容_____________ ； vt. 描述；形容_____________
11. vt. 联系；讲述_____________； n. 关系；联系；交往_____________； n.关系；联系_____________
目标短语
原产于某地_________________
指的是；描述；提到；查阅 _________________
尽管…_________________
以…为基础；_________________
追溯到 _________________
多种多样的；各种各样的_________________
主修…学科_________________
用...办法；借助... _________________
绝不，无论如何都不_________________
将…认为；把…视为_________________
欣赏中国的文化和历史_________________
为争取…而奋斗_________________
依我看_________________
春季 / 秋季学期_________________
乘地铁_________________
乞求某人干某事_________________
代沟_________________
满足客户要求_________________
难以形容_________________
be related t _________________
a psitive /negative /firm attitude _________________
ups and dwns _________________
struggle against/with sb./sth. _________________
24. appreciate (ne’s) ding sth. ____________
重点语法
定语从句（二）--- 关系副词的用法
dzen（十二）,scre（二十）,hundred（百）,thusand（千）,millin（百万）, billin（十亿）
之前有确切的数字时，用单数形式；没有确切的数字时，用复数形式，而且多和f连用。
tw dzen eggs两打鸡蛋 dzens f eggs几十个鸡蛋
five hundred peple五百人 hundreds f peple数百计的人
three billin years 30亿年 billins f years数十亿年
1.1 Reading and Thinking
【答案】
重点单词
1.reference n. 指称关系；参考；refer referred , referred , referring
2. basevt. 以...为据点；以为基础；based 以（某事）为基础的； 以……为重要部分（或特征）的
3. symbl n. 符号；象征；symblise vt. 象征，作为…的象征
4.variety n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化；varius 多种多样的；各种各样的
5. majr adj.主要的；重要的；n主修课程；主修学生majr；vi.主修；专门研究majr; majrity n. 多数；大部分
6.glbal adj. 全球的；全世界的；glben. 球体；地球仪；地球
7.appreciate vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会；appreciatin n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解
8.beg /beg/ vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求；beggar n. 乞丐; 家伙;
9.equal n.同等的人；相等物 adj. 相同的；同样的；equally adv.平等地，同样地；
equality n．平等；同等； unequal adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任的； unequally adv. 不公平地；不相等地
10.descriptin n.描写（文字）；形容 ；describe vt. 描述；形容
11.relate vt. 联系；讲述；relatin n. 关系；联系；交往；relatinship n.关系；
目标短语
be native t...
refer t
despite the fact that…
be based n/upn
date back t ... （= date frm…）
a variety f = varieties f = varius
majr in
by means f...
by n means
regard … as …
appreciate China’s culture and histry
struggle fr sth./t d sth.
frm my pint f view
the spring/fall semester
ride/take the subway
beg sb t d sth
generatin gap
meet/satisfy their custmers' demands
beynd descriptin
与……有关， 和……有联系
积极/消极/坚定的态度
浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
.与……斗争；与……抗争
. 感激（某人）做某事
1.billin / ˈbɪljən / n. 十亿
Hw many billin peple speak the UN' s fficial languages as their native r secnd language?
有几十亿人把联合国的官方语言作为他们的母语或第二门语言？（P60）
表数量的词的用法
2. relate / rɪˈleɪt / vt. 联系；讲述
relate A with/ t B把…联系起来
I can't relate what he des with/ t what he says. 我没法把他做的和说的联系起来。
be related t 与……有关， 和……有联系
This heart attack may be related t his verwrk. 这次心脏病发作可能和他工作过劳有关。
relate t 与…… 相关；涉及；谈到
Des each sentence relate t the main idea? 每个句子都与主旨有关吗？（P67）
【拓展】
（1）relatin /rɪˈleɪʃn/ n. 关系；联系；交往
internatinal relatins国际关系
（2）relatinship /rɪ'leɪʃnʃɪp/ n.关系；联系
She has a very clse relatinship with her sister. 她和她妹妹非常亲密。
3.attitude / ˈætɪtju:d ; NAmE 'ætitu:d/ n. 态度；看法
What is the attitude f the speaker twards freign language learning? 演讲者对外语学习的态度是什么？（P60）
Beauty is an attitude. It has nthing t d with age. 美是一种态度，与年龄无关。
a psitive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
an attitude t /twards 对… ...的态度
We shuld develp a gd attitude t/twards life. 我们应该树立良好的生活态度。
4.reference / ˈrefrəns / n. 指称关系；参考
I wrte dwn the name f the htel fr future reference.
我记下了这家酒店的名字，以后也许用得着。
reference bks参考书
5.refer/ rɪˈfɜ:(r) / (referred , referred , referring)
vi.提到；参考；查阅 ；refer t 指的是；描述；提到；查阅
Pay attentin t the cntext f wrds t help yu understand what the prnuns refer t. 注意单词的上下文，帮助你理解代词指代什么。（P60）
Yu may refer t yur ntes if yu want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。
refer t a dictinary 查词典
vt.查询；叫……求助于
Fr further details I refer yu t my secretary. 详情请问我的秘书。
6. demand/ dɪˈmɑ:nd /
n.要求；需求 ；in demand需求大
I must make it a questin , nt a demand. 我必须把它作为一个问题，而不是要求。（P66）
Demand fr cal is dwn. 煤的需求下降了。
Gd teachers are always in demand. 优秀的老师总是需求很大。
vt. 强烈要求；需要
She demanded an immediate answer. 她强烈要求立即作出答复。
demand + that从句（从句中用虚拟语气“shuld+动词原形”， shuld常可省略）
The wrkers demanded that they (shuld) get better pay and cnditins.
工人们要求提高工资和改善工作条件。
vi.查问
“Wh are yu? ” he demanded angrily. “你到底是谁？”他气势汹汹地查问道。
7. equal /'i:kwəl /
n.同等的人；相等物
…ur relatinship is clse and we're equals ……我们的关系很亲密，我们是平等的人…（P66）
adj. 相同的；同样的
Men and wmen enjy equal pay fr equal wrk. 男女同工同酬。
be equal t… 与……相等；能胜任……（t为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词）
I can't find a persn wh can be equal t this wrk. 我找不到能胜任这个工作的人。
be equal in sth．在某方面相等
Nt all men are equal in ability. 人的能力并不都是一样的。
vt. 等于; 和……相等；比得上
Fur plus fur equals eight．四加四等于八。
【拓展】
（1）equally adv.平等地，同样地；均等地
Diet and exercise are equally imprtant.饮食和锻炼同样重要。
（2）equality /iˈkwɒləti/ n．平等；同等
I believe in the principle f equality befre the law. 我相信法律面前人人平等的原则。
（3）unequal /ʌnˈi:kwəl/ adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任的
The twins are unequal in height. 这一对孪生儿高矮不一样.
（4）unequally adv. 不公平地；不相等地
Their prfits were divided unequally. 他们的利润分配不均。
9.ups and dwns 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
The relatinship between China and America has seen ups and dwns in the past fifty years.
在过去的50年里，中美两国关系跌宕起伏。
10. factr / ˈfæktə(r)/ n. 因素；要素
There are many reasns why this has been pssible but ne f the main factrs has been the Chinese writing system . 这种可能是有很多原因的，但主要因素之一是汉语书写系统。（P62）
11. base /beɪs/
vt. 以...为据点；以为基础；base… n/upn；be based n/upn以……为基础；以……为根据
I based my pinin n facts. = My pinin was based n facts. 我的看法是以事实为根据的。
n. 底部；根据 ；基础
the ecnmic base 经济基础
12.based /beist/ 以（某事）为基础的； 以……为重要部分（或特征）的
At the beginning, written Chinese was a picture-based language.
起初，书面汉语是一种以图画为基础的语言。（P62）
a Chicag-based cmpany 总部设在芝加哥的公司
【注意】直接可以用based n… 作定语或状语。
Based n a true stry, the film deeply mved us.
以一个真实的故事为基础，这部影片深深打动了我们。
basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的；首要的
The basic frms f the English writing system are knwn as letters.
英语书写系统的基本形式是字母。（P63）
Sleep is, after all, a very basic need. 毕竟，睡眠是非常基本的需要。
13.date back t ... 追溯到 （= date frm…）
It dates back several thusand years t the use f lnggu ...
它可以追溯到数千年前龙骨的使用... ... （P62）
Oxfrd and Cambridge date back t the thirteenth century.
牛津和剑桥的历史可追溯到十三世纪。
date back t ... / date frm… 不用于进行时，也不用于被动语态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。
My family has a vase dating back t the Ming Dynasty.
我家有个花瓶是从明代传下来的。
14. means /mi:nz/ n.方式；方法；途径
Written Chinese has als becme an imprtant means by which China's present is cnnected with its past.
书面汉语也已成为一种把中国的现在与过去联系起来的一个重要的手段。（P62）
by means f... 用... ...办法；借助... ...
He succeeded by means f hard wrk. 他依靠自己辛勤的劳动而获得成功。
by n means 绝不，无论如何都不
He is by n means a brave persn. 他绝对不是一个勇敢的人。
【注意】
（1）means是单复数同形的名词，作主语时，如果表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数；如果表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数。
Every pssible means has been tried t make him give up smking.
每一种可能的方法都试了让他戒烟。
（2）先行词means在定语从句中充当方式状语时，引导词用by which。
This is the means by which he slved the prblem. 这就是他解决问题的方式。
(先行词the means还原到定语从句中为：he slved the prblem by the means，因此引导词用 by which。)
15. struggle / ˈstrʌgl /
n. 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事
When I started studying German , it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时，那是一件很难的事。（P64）
Lsing weight was a terrible struggle. 减肥是一件非常艰难的事。
vi. 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力
She struggled t her feet. 她艰难地站起来。
struggle fr sth./t d sth. 为争取……而奋斗
They were struggling fr independence. 他们在为争取独立而奋斗。
struggle against/with sb./sth.与……斗争；与……抗争
He struggled against cancer fr tw years.他同癌症抗争了两年。
16. .regard / rɪˈgɑ:d /
n. 尊重；关注 ； 问候（尤用于信中表示问好）
The high regard fr the Chinese writing system can be seen in the develpment f Chinese characters … 对汉语书写系统的高度重视从汉字的发展可以看出……（P62）
Give my regards t yur family. 请代我向你家人问好。
vt. 把... 视为；看待；regard … as … 将……认为；把……视为
Her wrk is very highly regarded. 她的工作受到高度评价。
He regarded me as his friend. 他把我当成朋友。
17. appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt /
vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
appreciate China’s culture and histry thrugh this amazing language.
通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。（P62）
I'd greatly appreciate yur supprt .我非常感激你的支持。
appreciate (ne’s) ding sth. 感激（某人）做某事
He wuld much appreciate yur ding him that favr.
如果你能帮他这个忙，他会非常感激的。
appreciate it … if… 如果……，将感激不尽
I’d appreciate it if yu culd let me knw in advance whether r nt yu will cme.
如果你能提前让我知道你是否来，我将感激不尽。
vi. 增值
Their investments have appreciated ver the years. 他们的投资这些年来已经增值。
【拓展】
appreciatin /əˌpri:ʃiˈeɪʃn/ n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解
Learning Chinese calligraphy will increase yur appreciatin f Chinese culture.
学习中国书法将增加你对中国文化的鉴赏力。（P63）
They have a strnger appreciatin f the imprtance f educatin.
他们对教育的重要性有了更深的理解。
18. pint f view观点；看法
I culd see the wrld frm a different pint f view. 我可以从不同的角度看世界。（P64）
Try t see the matter frm her pint f view. 尽量从她的角度来考虑这个问题.
Frm my pint f view , the party was a cmplete success. 依我看这次聚会非常圆满。
19.variety /vəˈraɪətɪ/ n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化
was a time when peple were divided gegraphically, leading t many varieties f dialects and characters. ... ...那是一个中国人在地理上是分裂时期，导致了多种方言和文字。（P62）
a variety f = varieties f = varius 多种多样的；各种各样的
China has a variety f / varieties f / varius plants. 中国有着品种繁多的植物。
20. majr / ˈmeɪdʒə(r) /
adj.主要的；重要的；大的
Emperr Qinshihuang united the seven majr states int ne unified cuntry.
秦始皇将七个主要国家统一为一个统一的国家。（P62）
Obesity is a majr risk factr in many diseases. 肥胖是引发多种疾病的重要因素。
n.主修课程；主修学生
Her majr is French. 她的专业课是法语。
She's a French majr. 她是法语专业的学生。
vi.主修；专门研究 ；majr in 主修……学科
She majred in Histry at Stanfrd. 她在斯坦福主修历史。
majrity / məˈdʒɒrəti/n. 多数；大部分
The majrity f peple prefer TV t radi.
大多数人都喜欢看电视多于听收音机。
21.n matter where, wh, what, etc. 不论……；不管……
Even tday, n matter where Chinese peple live r what dialect they speak, they can all still cmmunicate in writing. 即使是今天，无论中国人住在哪里, 说什么方言，他们都能通过书写（文字）进行交流。（P62）
【用法讲解】
“n matter+疑问词” 引导让步状语从句，意为“不管……，无论……”。可置于句首、句中和句尾 。
Dn't pen the dr, n matter wh calls! 不管谁叫门，都不要开！
N matter wh breaks the law, he shuld be punished. 不管谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
N matter what yu say, he wn’t believe yu. 无论你说什么，他都不相信你。
I'll help yu n matter when yu have difficulties. 无论何时你有困难，我就帮你。
22. dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n. 地方话；方言
I can fluently speak different dialects f Chinese. 我可以流利地讲不同的中国方言。
一．根据首字母或者汉语意思完成句子。
1. They rented an___________________(公寓套房) in a building verlking Central Park.
2. That man gave me a vivid__________________________(描述) f Guilin scenery.
3.There are_______________(各种各样) f wild life in this rainfrest.
4. My brther m________________ in cmputer applicatin when she was at cllege.
5. I ften travel t the nrth, s I am familiar with several d_______________there.
6. Li Tai, as a calligrapher, ften participates in natinal c__________________exhibitins.
7. She disclsed sme details ,which was r_________t the murder case.
8. In making the plan, Tm went t the library and r______________t many bks.
9. I hpe I can make even greater prgress next s___________.
10.D_____________the snw utside, he went t wrk as usual.
11. At the cngress, many delegates talked abut the refrm f the educatin s__________
【答案】
1.apartment 2.descriptin 3. varieties 4. majred 5. dialects 6. calligraphy
7. related 8. referred 9. Semester 10. Despite 11. system
二、单句语法填空
1. Slid friendship is___________ ( base) n mutual trust.
2. As an art schl, it is___________________( knw) fr its scientific teaching methds.
3. The veteran fighter_____________________(refer) t his experiences during the Lng March.
4. Sme f us think these symbls were___________________(carve) thusands f years ag by ur Chinese peple.
5. When travel arund ur cuntry, yu will hear__________________( variety) f dialects here and there.
6. Many freign friends think sme f the Chinese___________________( character) difficult t write.
7.It's said that the bridge_________________ (date)back t 3,000 years ag.
8. D yu think it__________________(imprtance) t practice speaking English every day.
9. Li Hua is____________________( regard)as a gd example t fllw in ur class.
10. The less he wrried, the.________________ (well)he wrked.
【答案】1.based 2. knwn 3. referred 4.carved 5.varieties
6.characters 7.dates 8.imprtant 9. regarded 10.better
一、阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Gertrude Chandler listened. Anther train was passing her huse in Putnam, Cnnecticut. She lved living acrss the street frm the railway statin.
Smetimes, Gertrude was ill and had t stay hme frm schl. When she was nt feeling well, bks were her friends. One day in 1899, while she was reading a bk, Gertrude, at the age f 9, glanced (瞥) ut the windw at a train. She culd see inside its last car. She saw a small stve (炉子), cups, and a cffee pt. Hw cmfrtable it lked! It was like a little hme. Wuldn't it be wnderful t live in a bxcar?
After high schl, Gertrude decided t find a jb. She had always lved t write. Sn she was writing fr a newspaper in her twn. Later, at age twentysix, she wrte her first real bk. With her sister Frances, Gertrude wrte mre bks. Mst f these were fr grwnup readers.
In 1924, Gertrude wndered again abut living in a train car. She decided t write a stry called The Bxcar Children. The characters in the bk were called the Alden children. They were named Henry, Jessie, Vilet, and Benny. Afraid f living with a grandfather they had never met, the Alden children made a hme fr themselves in an ld red bxcar they discvered in the wds. The ldest by Henry wrked in a nearby twn t buy fd and ther things they needed. The brave children made a happy life fr themselves and had many adventures (奇遇) tgether. When Gertrude became a teacher, she read the bxcar bk t her pupils.
During the next thirty years, Gertrude wrte eighteen mre bks abut the bxcar children. She died in 1979, but her welllved bks live n. The adventures f Henry, Jessie, Vilet, and Benny still bring smiles t the faces f yung readers.
21．What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
A．Why Gertrude's family lived near a train statin.
B．Hw Gertrude gt the idea f living in a bxcar.
C．Why Gertrude's friends were mstly bks.
D．Hw Gertrude spent her days ff schl.
22．What happened t the Alden children?
A．They had t supprt themselves.
B．They lived in a bxcar n a train.
C．They had n families t live with.
D．They had many adventures n a train.
23．What can we learn abut Gertrude Chandler?
A．She wrte mst f her bks with Frances' help.
B．She drpped ut f schl at a very yung age.
C．She is knwn fr her bks fr children.
D．She liked travelling by train.
B
Yu may ride yur bicycle in a rush t get t schl every mrning. Yu may fight t get a bit f space n a bus r n the subway. Yu may als watch taxis crawl their way thrugh traffic jams.
N matter where yu are, all big cities arund the wrld have traffic jams these days. Althugh they all have their prblems, many cities als have a type f transprt that has becme a cultural icn (象征物)．
In Lndn, t avid the traffic jams abve grund, peple use the “undergrund”， als called the “tube”. The city has the ldest and mst cmplicated undergrund railway systems in the wrld and the undergrund is the pride f many Lndners. With 12 lines and 275 statins acrss the city, the undergrund, is nrmally the quickest and easiest way f getting acrss Lndn. In Lndn, yu are never far frm a tube statin.
New Yrk is famus fr its yellw cabs. They serve as a quick and easy way f getting acrss Manhattan, where the subway desn't take yu everywhere. Stpping a cab is easy; just stick ut yur arm like what yu d in any ther cities. But, with ver 12,000 yellw cabs in the Big Apple, New Yrk als has traffic jams.
Since 1873 when the first cable car started public service, the slw and nisy vehicle has been a symbl f San Francisc. Althugh nce damaged by a serius earthquake and challenged by cars, the cable car is never caught in traffic jams, and it prvides better views than the subway.
But there are n such symbls in Ls Angeles. If yu visit this city, yu'd better rent a car. The city's public transprt is terrible. It can take hurs t get acrss the twn by bus. The subway cvers just a small part f the city centre. The light rail line nly runs between the Lng Beach Htel and the city centre. That's why Angelens (洛杉矶人) lve their private cars mre than any ther peple in the wrld.
24．If yu have a chance t visit Lndn and want t avid the traffic jams, yu'd better ________.
A．ride a bicycleB．take a taxi
C．take the subway D．rent a car
25．Which type f transprt has becme a cultural icn f the Big Apple?
A．The nisy vehicles.B．Cable cars.
C．The subway. D．Yellw cabs.
26．Peple in Ls Angeles like t hire private cars because f the fllwing EXCEPT that ________.
A．the public transprt is terrible
B．it is nt expensive t take a private car
C．the subway cvers a small part f the city centre
D．peple have t spend hurs getting acrss Ls Angeles by bus
27．The passage mainly tells us ________.
A．hw big cities in freign cuntries develp their transprt
B．hw peple in cities avid traffic jams
C．why Lndn has the ldest and mst cmplicated subway systems
D．why peple call New Yrk the Big Apple
C
When it cmes t learning a freign language, many peple wnder if they will be able t memrize enugh vcabulary. But this questin never happens abut their mther tngue, and yet, it was a freign language nce. Hwever, amng all the questins that new parents ask, n dctr has ever heard：“Will my baby be able t learn my language？” Be hnest, d yu knw all the wrds f yur mther tngue? The answer is：“N.”
New wrds, and new ways f using ld wrds, appear every day. Twenty years ag, wh wuld have been able t understand a sentence like this：“Click here t dwnlad yur digital bk”？ Nbdy. Yu never stp learning new vcabulary and yu never knw hw lng yu will need it.
Smetimes, yu have the wrd n the tip f yur tngue ... and it sticks there! But yu d knw this phenmenn (现象) and dn't think that it is because f a bad memry. Yu shuld nt give this phenmenn mre imprtance in the language yu are learning than in yur mther tngue.
Yu need t learn nly 2,000 r s basic wrds t be able t create any phrase yu need. Yu can't avid sme wrk in rder t learn these necessary wrds and all the mre if yu want t learn quickly. And befre yu cnsider buying int any methd, be sure it is right fr yu. It is nt wise t depend n any methds baseds upn mnemnics (记忆术). The first wrds seem very easy t learn, s yu buy the curse, but then yu discver quickly, thugh t late, that a dzen wrds later, it is all the mre difficult t learn a new wrd.
28．T learn a freign language, the authr advises yu ________.
A．t remember new wrds appearing every day
B．t keep up with new ways f using ld wrds
C．t learn at least 2,000 necessary wrds
D．t pay mre attentin t yur bad memry
29．The authr's attitude t mnemnics is________.
A．supprtive B．neutral
C．ppnent D．indifferent
30．The passage is mainly abut________.
A．using ld wrds in a new way
B．learning new wrds frm the cntext
C．finding a methd t memrize vcabulary
D．learning vcabulary f a freign language
二、七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
A dg's mind is nly equal t that f a twyearld baby.__31__ Therefre, they are prbably the first t ntice any change in the behaviur f their masters. Let's d sme deep digging t understand the amazing ability f a dg.
They sense yur feelings. Isn't it strange？__32__ This is true. A study published in the Animal Cgnitin jurnal says that dgs are knwn t cme t peple wh appear sad r depressed. It desn't matter if the persn is their wner r a stranger. They have an ability t sense sadness and are attracted t trubled suls.
__33__ Dgs can easily tell when yu're playing with favurites, and if yu reward r play mre with ther pets, yur dg might ntice it and feel uncmfrtable.As they can't say hw they feel, they'll scratch (挠), yawn r lick their muths.
They smell fear. Let's say yu are faced with yur wrst fear. Wuld yu get scared and run away r just face it？Befre chsing hw t deal with it, yu shuld remember ne thing. __34__ Research shws that dgs ften sense their masters' respnses in dangerus situatins. If yu fear smething and chse t back away, chances are that yur pet is ging t d the same thing.
They're watching yu.We are all raised as respectable individuals wh are taught t respect elders, bey the law and help ut peple in need frm time t time. __35__ But if yu have a dg at hme, it is time t be serius abut them. Dgs like generus peple. S just be careful arund yur pet; it may judge yu n hw yu behave with thers.
A．They sense health prblems.
B．They understand when ignred.
C．They knw when n ne's lking at them.
D．Yu wuld be setting an example t yur pet.
E．Every time yu feel sad, yur dg just knws it.
F．But dgs are able t sense everything arund them.
G．Hwever, nt all f us take these three things seriusly.
三、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
With an ld wallet in his hand, a beggar was asking fr sme cins t buy smething t eat alng the street. He kept __36__ why thse wh had s much mney were never __37__ and were always desiring mre. “If I had enugh t __38__ and t wear, I wuldn't want anything mre，” he said.
Just then Gddess Frtune came dwn the __39__ and saw the beggar. She said, “I've wished t __40__ yu fr lng. Nw, pen yur __41__ and I'll pur gld int it. But all that falls int the wallet will be pure __42__ while all falling upn the __43__ shall becme dust. Understand？”
“Yes，” said the beggar.
“Yu shuld __44__！ Yur wallet is a __45__ ne, s dn't lad it t heavily，” said the Gddess Frtune.
The excited beggar culd __46__ wait t have gld. He quickly pened his wallet, and a __47__ f gld was pured int it. The wallet grew heavier.
“Is that enugh? Isn't it cracking？” asked the Gddess Frtune.
“Never __48__. It's still strng enugh，” answered the beggar.
The wallet was filled with s much gld that the beggar's hands began t __49__. “If nly the glden stream wuld __50__ frever! Just a little mre! __51__ just a handful r tw，” said the beggar.
“It's full. The wallet will __52__，” warned the Gddess Frtune. But the beggar requested, “It will __53__ a little mre.”
Sme mre gld was added and the wallet split (裂开). The __54__ fell upn the grund and became dust. The beggar had nthing but his __55__ wallet.
36．A.shwing B．explaining
C．prving D．wndering
37．A.relaxedB．satisfied
C．wrried D．depressed
38．A.learnB．watch
C．eat D．play
39．A.streetB．bridge
C．yard D．frest
40．A.praiseB．frgive
C．help D．welcme
41．A.catB．pcket
C．bx D．wallet
42．A.jyB．luck
C．water D．gld
43．A.handB．grund
C．face D．table
44．A.lk utB．stand up
C．stay ut D．wake up
45．A.smallB．smelly
C．wrn D．full
46．A.actuallyB．hardly
C．clearly D．mstly
47．A.streamB．piece
C．pair D．bag
48．A.leaveB．request
C．fear D．knw
49．A.spreadB．clse
C．hide D．shake
50．A.purB．end
C．dry D．race
51．A.TakeB．Add
C．Lend D．Send
52．A.flwB．burst
C．disappear D．change
53．A.attractB．permit
C．include D．hld
54．A.presentB．fd
C．treasure D．jewel
55．A.brkenB．magical
C．mistaken D．clurful
四、语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Smetimes hmewrk can becme a battle __56__ parents and children. Kids ften appear t put ff hmewrk t the very last minute, while their parents are __57__ (wrry) that they may fail at schl if nt __58__ (treat) it seriusly and timely. The result seems t be cnflict.
As parents, yu shuld give yur children a chance t talk abut their schlwrk. Even if yu knw nthing abut __59__ particular subject, yu can still help just by talking and listening and helping them find their wn answers. If yu d nt understand the wrk they __60__ (give), use the Internet r ask friends and family t take a lk.
It is imprtant t help yur children keep t a rutine. Sme children prefer t d hmewrk __61__ (direct) after schl while thers prefer t play first, and d hmewrk __62__. Let yur children decide what is right fr them. Try t create a suitable place __63__ they can d hmewrk, smewhere with gd lighting and n __64__ (interrupt)．
If yur children have specific learning needs and yu feel the hmewrk is an issue, make an appintment with the teacher as sn as yu can __65__ (ask) fr sme advice.
答案解析
一、阅读理解
A语篇解读：本文是记叙文。格特鲁德·钱德勒住在铁路边，路过的火车使她幻想生活在火车车厢中的情景。随后，她创作了《棚车少年》系列作品，让书中的人物替自己实现了儿时的梦想。
21解析：选B 段落大意题。由第二段可知，格特鲁德生病在家看书时，瞥见窗外路过的火车的最后一节车厢，里面的陈设很温馨，给人一种小家的感觉，于是她便幻想住在火车车厢中会不会很棒。因此，本段主要介绍格特鲁德是如何产生住在火车车厢中这个想法的。
22解析：选A 推理判断题。由第四段中的“the Alden children made a hme ... in the wds”和“The ldest by Henry wrked ... things they needed”可知，这几个孩子独自住在森林里的一节废弃车厢里，年长的哥哥通过打工来维持兄妹几个的生活。
23解析：选C 细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Gertrude wrte eighteen mre bks abut the bxcar children”和“her welllved bks live n”可知，格特鲁德所著的《棚车少年》系列儿童读物在她去世后依然流传于世，且倍受喜爱。
B语篇解读：本文是说明文，介绍了几个外国大城市的公共交通状况。
24解析：选C 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的内容可知，在伦敦，为了避开地面上拥挤的交通，人们都会选择乘坐地铁。它包括12条线路和275个车站，是畅游伦敦最简便快捷的途径。故选C。
25解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，纽约最著名的交通工具是yellw cabs。坐这种车出行快速、简便，你只需一招手便可以打到车。故D项正确。
26解析：选B 细节理解题。根据文章的最后一段可知，这个城市的公共交通状况糟透了：坐公交车穿越整个城市需要好几个小时；地铁只覆盖了市中心的一小部分。故B项符合题意。
27解析：选B 主旨大意题。根据文章的第一、二段内容可知，本文的中心话题是世界上所有的大城市现在都有交通问题。为解决这一难题，作者列举了伦敦、纽约、旧金山和洛杉矶等一些大城市的做法。由此可知，B项为最佳选项。
C语篇解读：本文主要介绍了外语学习中的词汇学习问题。
28解析：选C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“Yu need t learn nly 2,000 r s basic wrds t be able t create any phrase yu need.”可知，C项为正确答案。
29解析：选C 观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“It is nt wise t depend n any methd based upn mnemnics (记忆术)．”可知，作者对记忆术是持否定态度的。
30解析：选D 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了学习外语时遇到的问题，人们总是担心自己记忆的词汇量不够，但是一个人对自己母语的词汇也并不能全认识，所以没有必要担心词汇量的问题，只要掌握一些基本的词汇就可以了，故D项符合主旨。
二、七选五
语篇解读：本文主要向我们介绍了狗的一些令人惊奇的能力。
31．选F 根据第一段的“Therefre, they are prbably the first t ntice any change in the behaviur f their masters.”可知，第一段主要讲了狗能感知它们周围的任何东西。因此，它们能很快地感知主人行为的任何变化，故选F。
32．选E 根据此空后面的“A study published in the Animal Cgnitin jurnal says that dgs are knwn t cme t peple wh appear sad r depressed.”可知，此段讲的是狗更能感知人的悲伤。当你不开心时，你的狗都能感知到，故选E。
33．选B 根据第三段的“Dgs can easily tell when yu're ... ntice it and feel uncmfrtable.”可知，当你忽视了你的宠物狗时，它们都能感知到。
34．选D 根据此段的“Research shws that dgs ften ... pet is ging t d the same thing.”可知，当你遇到危险的状况时，狗狗也能感知你的反应。同样，当遇到危险的时候，它也会和你做出一样的反应。因此，你应该为你的宠物树立一个好的榜样。
35．选G 根据最后一段的“We are all raised as respectable individuals wh are taught t respect elders, bey the law and help ut peple in need frm time t time.”可知，这里提到了三件事，故选G。
三、完型填空
语篇解读：一个乞丐有幸得到了幸运女神的帮助，然而他贪得无厌，不懂得适可而止，最终一无所有。
36解析：选D 该空后的“... why thse ... were always desiring mre.”是这个乞丐想要知道的，故选wndering。
37解析：选B 根据该空后的“and were always desiring mre”可知，此处指有很多钱的人永不“满足”，总是想要更多。
38解析：选C 根据文章首句中的“t buy smething t eat”可知，他说自己的钱如果够他“吃”、够他穿，他就不会想要更多。
39解析：选A 根据第一段第一句中的“alng the street”可知，当时这个乞丐正沿街乞讨，这时幸运女神沿着“街道”走来，两人相遇了。
40解析：选C 根据下文提到的幸运女神给了乞丐金子可推知，此处幸运女神说她很久之前就想“帮助”乞丐了。
41解析：选D 根据下文的“all that falls int the wallet”可知，幸运女神让乞丐打开“钱袋”。
42解析：选D 联系上一句中的“I'll pur gld int it”可知，所有掉进钱袋里的金子都会变成纯“金”。
43解析：选B 根据最后一段的“fell upn the grund and became dust”可知，掉到“地面”上的金子将会变成尘土。
44解析：选A 根据下一句中幸运女神提出的建议“dn't lad it t heavily”可知，幸运女神提醒乞丐要“小心”。
45解析：选C 联系第一段第一句中的“an ld wallet”和最后一段的“the wallet split”可知，钱袋“用旧了”，所以要小心，不能装太沉的东西。
46解析：选B 联系该空前的“excited”和下一句中的“He quickly pened his wallet”可知，乞丐迫不及待地想拥有金子，故选hardly。
47解析：选A 根据该空后的“was pured int it”可知，幸运女神将一些金子倒进了乞丐的钱袋。a stream f意为“一连串，一些”。
48解析：选C 根据该空后的“It's still strng enugh”可知，乞丐告诉幸运女神不要“担心”。
49解析：选D 根据该空前的“The wallet was filled with s much gld”可知，钱袋里装的金子太多了，以至于乞丐的手开始“颤抖”。
50解析：选A 联系上文的“gld was pured int it”和文中暗示的乞丐的贪婪可知，他希望金子会一直“涌进”他的钱袋。
51解析：选B 根据该空前的“Just a little mre！”可知，乞丐让幸运女神继续往他的钱袋里倒金子，即往里面“增加”金子。
52解析：选B 联系上一句“It's full.”可知，钱袋已经满了，它要“爆裂”了。
53解析：选D 联系上一句中幸运女神的劝告和下一段提到的钱袋裂开了可知，乞丐对幸运女神的警告不屑一顾，认为钱袋还能“装下”金子。
54解析：选C 联系第二段幸运女神所说的话可知，由于乞丐不听劝告，金子(即“财宝”)掉到了地上，变成了尘土。
55解析：选A 根据最后一段第一句中的“the wallet split”可知，最后这个乞丐只剩下那个“坏掉的”钱袋了。
四、语法填空
语篇解读：孩子们常常把作业留到最后一分钟去做，而父母经常督促他们写作业，父母怎样做更合适呢？
56．between 有时候家庭作业会成为父母和孩子之间的一场斗争。between ... and ...意为“在……和……之间”，是固定搭配。
57．wrried 父母担心他们如果不及时认真地对待家庭作业的话，他们可能会在学校考试不及格。所填词作表语，且用来形容人，故用形容词wrried “担忧的”。
58．treating if引导的条件状语从句用了省略形式，主句和从句主语都是they，且they与treat “对待，处理”是主谓关系，故用现在分词。
59．a 即使你对一个特定的学科一无所知，你仍然可以通过交谈、倾听和帮助他们找到自己的答案来实施帮助。句中的“subject”是可数名词，表示“学科”，此处表示泛指，因此用不定冠词修饰。
60．are given/have been given 如果你不明白给他们布置的作业，就用互联网或者让朋友和家人看一看。本句中的“they”指孩子们，give与they是动宾关系，因此用被动语态。可用一般现在时表示对事实情况进行一般性的陈述，也可用现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
61．directly 一些孩子喜欢放学后就直接做作业。directly“直接地”，为副词修饰动词d。
62．later 而其他孩子喜欢先玩，随后再做作业。根据语境和前面的“play first”可知，这里有比较明显的先后关系，故用later “随后，然后”。
63．where 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
64．interruptin(s) 此处指“光线好且不受打扰的某个地方”。依据句中的“n”可知这里需要填名词，故填interrupt的名词(复数)形式。
65．t ask 尽快约一下老师以寻求建议。不定式t ask fr sme advice作目的状语，表示“make an appintment”的目的。
1. 【2018全国卷II语法填空】Accrding t the Wrld Bank, China accunts fr abut 30 percent f ttal 67______ (glbe) fertilizer cnsumptin.
2.【河南省八市重点高中联盟“领军考试”2019届高三第五次测评】Calligraphy is a visual art 1 (relate) t writing. It is the design and executin f lettering with a brad tip instrument, brush, r ther writing instruments.
3. 【2019·北京卷】Students shuld have a prper attitude twards cllege befre thinking abut which cllege t attend, and it’s never t early t make necessary preparatins fr a healthy and ___10___(meaning)cllege experience.
1. 答案及解析：glbal 考查词性转换。句意：根据世界银行的数据，中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer cnsumptin是名词短语，应该用形容词修饰,故答案为glbal。
2.related【解析】考查非谓语动词。短语be related t与……相关，在句中作定语，修饰名词art，故用过去分词形式。句意：书法是一种与书写有关的视觉艺术。故填related。
3.meaningful. 考查词性转换。句意：在考虑该上哪个大学之前，学生应该对于大学有一个适当的态度，尽量提早做必要的准备，以便将来能够有一个健康并且有意义的大学生活。
重点单词
1. n. 指称关系；参考________________；vi.提到；参考；查阅 _____________;过去式_____________现在分词_____________
2. vt. 以...为据点；以为基础_____________；以（某事）为基础的； 以……为重要部分（或特征）的_____________
3. n. 符号；象征_____________； vt. 象征，作为…的象征_____________
4. n. (植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化_____________；多种多样的；各种各样的_____________
5. adj.主要的；重要的_____________；n主修课程；主修学生 _____________；vi.主修；专门研究_____________ n. 多数；大部分_____________
6. adj. 全球的；全世界的_____________； n. 球体；地球仪；地球_____________
7. vt. 欣赏；重视；感激；领会_____________； n. 欣赏；感激；领会；了解_____________
8 vt. 恳求；祈求；哀求_____________； n. 乞丐; 家伙_____________;
9. n.同等的人；相等物_____________ adj. 相同的；同样的_____________； adv.平等地，同样地_____________； n．平等；同等_____________； adj. 不平等的; 不相等的; 不胜任_____________； adv. 不公平地；不相等地_____________
10. n.描写（文字）；形容_____________ ； vt. 描述；形容_____________
11. vt. 联系；讲述_____________； n. 关系；联系；交往_____________； n.关系；联系_____________
目标短语
原产于某地_________________
指的是；描述；提到；查阅 _________________
尽管…_________________
以…为基础；_________________
追溯到 _________________
多种多样的；各种各样的_________________
主修…学科_________________
用...办法；借助... _________________
绝不，无论如何都不_________________
将…认为；把…视为_________________
欣赏中国的文化和历史_________________
为争取…而奋斗_________________
依我看_________________
春季 / 秋季学期_________________
乘地铁_________________
乞求某人干某事_________________
代沟_________________
满足客户要求_________________
难以形容_________________
be related t _________________
a psitive /negative /firm attitude _________________
ups and dwns _________________
struggle against/with sb./sth. _________________
24. appreciate (ne’s) ding sth. ____________
重点语法
定语从句（二）--- 关系副词的用法
dzen（十二）,scre（二十）,hundred（百）,thusand（千）,millin（百万）, billin（十亿）
之前有确切的数字时，用单数形式；没有确切的数字时，用复数形式，而且多和f连用。
tw dzen eggs两打鸡蛋 dzens f eggs几十个鸡蛋
five hundred peple五百人 hundreds f peple数百计的人
three billin years 30亿年 billins f years数十亿年
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