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    2019版高考英语一轮优化探究(话题部分)练习:话题14 必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relics(含解析)
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    2019版高考英语一轮优化探究(话题部分)练习:话题14 必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relics(含解析)

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    .阅读理解

    A

    Patients in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease often struggle to remember recently learned information, meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere; they just can't be easily accessed.

    Now, researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer's. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons (转基因神经元). Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting(发光) equipment into the subjects' brains, but the same principles still apply, the researchers said.

    The important point is that this is evidence of the concept. That is, even if a memory seems to be gone, it is still there. It's a matter of how to get it backsaid the senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.

    The team  took  two  groups  of mice,  one  genetically engineered to develop Alzheimer's and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock.All of the mice showed fear when put back an hour later. When placed in  the  room  a third  time  several  days later,  the Alzheimer's mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.

    The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating(激活) the cells in which the memories were stored. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room, they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.

    Short­term memories seem to be normal in order of hours.But for long­term memories, these early­Alzheimer's mice seem to be  damagedsaid  the  lead  researcher Dheeraj  Roy.“Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information, not that they are unable to learn or store this memory.”

    [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了利用光控制转基因神经元使早老性痴呆病患者恢复记忆的技术。

    1What can we learn about the researchers at MIT?

    AThey are the pioneers of brain research.

    BThey have used the method in human trials.

    CThey can cure Alzheimer's using the new method.

    DThey can get back memories in mice with Alzheimer's.

    解析:细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句Nowresearchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimer's.可知,他们能够使患有早老性痴呆病的老鼠恢复记忆。

    答案:D

    2Why did the Alzheimer's mice behave normally the third time?

    AThey failed to remember the electric shock.

    BThey were accustomed to the situation.

    CThey managed to overcome the fear.

    DThey activated the association automatically.

    解析:细节理解题。根据第四段的“the Alzheimer's mice acted normally.They had forgotten the shock.”可知,这些老鼠忘记了受到的电击。

    答案:A

    3For long­term memories, the early­Alzheimer's mice       .

    Acan transform their brain cells

    Bcan't learn new tricks well

    Ccan easily get back their memories

    Dcan't access the information stored

    解析:推理判断题。根据最后一段的But for long­term memoriesthese early­Alzheimer's mice seem to be damaged“Directly activating...this memory”可知,对于长期记忆来说,这些处于早老性痴呆病早期的老鼠因为(脑细胞)已经被损害,不能获得这种已经储存的信息。

    答案:D

    4The main purpose of the text is to         .

    Aintroduce a method of a research

    Breport the latest discovery about a disease

    Cgive advice on how to improve memories

    Dexplain how a brain stores information

    解析:作者意图题。通读全文可知,本文的主要目的是报道关于早老性痴呆病的最新发现。

    答案:B

    B

    If you followed the 2016 Olympic Games, you may have noticed that several athletes, including US swimmer Michael Phelps, had circular bruises on their bodies. These bruises were the result of cupping (拔火罐) therapya traditional Chinese medicinal practice that has been around for more than 2,000 years.

    Many athletes say that they have benefited from the therapy. Phelps used the therapy in the fall of 2014 and has used it about twice a week since, reported ABC News. Another US swimmer, Dana Vollmer, also believes that “it really helps with blood flow”

    However, some have said that the supposed health effects result from people's feeling that the treatment works, rather than any physical effect of the treatment.

    To figure out cupping therapy has any physical effect, last year researchers from Germany carried out a test in which a false treatment was provided.

    In the study, the same type of cups was used in the real treatment and the false treatment.  But in the false treatmentthe cups had a hole at the top so that they couldn't create the proper suction (吸力)

    The tested patients, who suffered from a disorder that caused a lot of pain, were told that they would receive either traditional cupping or “soft cupping”. But they were not informed that the so­called “soft cupping” was a false treatment.

    It turned out that most patients correctly guessed which kind of cupping they had received. In both groups, patients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.  The results suggest the effects of cupping therapy might come from factors that are not necessarily part of the treatment itself the researchers told the Live Science website.

    The question of whether cupping therapy works still needs to be answered.But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some people, the therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercises, nutritional choices and lifestyle changingDr Brent Bauer,  director of the  US  Complementary and  Integrative Medicine Program at Mayo Clinic, told Live Science.

    [语篇解读] 本文主要介绍了中国传统医疗方式拔火罐的实际疗效问题。

    5Why is Michael Phelps mentioned in the passage?

    ATo give athletes a new way to swim faster.

    BTo provide athletes with a new way of treatment.

    CTo introduce the topic on cupping therapy.

    DTo show swimmers suffer from disorders.

    解析:推理判断题。根据文章前两段的整体内容可推知,提到运动员菲尔普斯是为了导入文章的话题,即拔火罐疗法是否有效,故选C

    答案:C

    6The purpose of the test by researchers from Germany was to         .

    Apromote the health effects of cupping therapy

    Bsee whether cupping therapy has a physical effect

    Ccompare traditional cupping with soft cupping

    Dcompare cupping therapy's effects on different groups of people

    解析:细节理解题。根据第四段整体内容可知,实验的目的是验证拔火罐是否真的有效。

    答案:B

    7What can be learned from the passage?

    ADifferent people need different types of cupping therapy.

    BThe real treatment and false treatment almost have the same effects.

    CThe results show that cupping therapy is not part of the treatment.

    DCupping therapy is only effective when used with lifestyle changing.

    解析:细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的In both groupspatients also experienced about the same reductions in pain.可知,实验表明两种不同的拔火罐方法效果是一样的。

    答案:B

    8According to Dr Brent Bauer, cupping therapy         .

    Ais a fast and easy treatment for people to carry out

    Bis a newly invented way to cure some diseases

    Cneeds a long period of time to take effect

    Dcan be used together with other treatments

    解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的But because the treatment is relatively safe and it could be helpful for some peoplethe therapy can be used as part of a comprehensive treatment program involving other exercisesnutritional  choices and lifestyle changing可知,Dr Brent Bauer认为拔火罐可以和其他方法一起配合治疗。

    答案:D

    .完形填空

    A 14­year­old Chinese boy overcame two of humankind's most dreaded fears — getting stuck in an elevator and getting homework done in a single night thanks to his quick­witted(反应敏捷的)character.

    Sun Yixiao was on his way up last Tuesday evening after school when the lift suddenly stopped.A moment of   1   followed before the teenager decided to take   2   into his own hands and find a way out.Sun said he tried to pry()the elevator door openbut   3   there could be a malfunction (机器故障)that would send the elevator   4   a free fallhe   5   the idea and instead   6   against the wall.He then pressed all the buttons in the hope of getting the elevator to work againbut in vain.Sun then pushed the “Stop” button to lock the elevator and make sure it wouldn't move.  7   a cellphone at handSun tried   8   to get the attention of people outsidebut no one responded   9   time passed by.

    But the young boy didn't give up.

    He slipped a note   10   the door with the message People stuck insideplease ask the property management(物业)for helpand hoped someone would pick it up and act it on.After   11   all his optionsthe   12   kid decided to tend to his homework, not knowing how long it would take   13   someone found him.He took out his textbooks and   14   himself with his daily homework routine.Soon after he finished his dutiesSun heard loud voices coming from   15  .

    There was a large crowd outsideincluding my teachers and other parentspeople looked quite   16  Sun said the moment he was rescued.He had been trapped for five hours by the help arrived.

    On China's Twitter­like Weibomany netizens   17   the boy's bravery and calmness in the face of such   18  .The guy must have   19   the advantages and disadvantages of the situationhe had a great chance to survive an   20   elevatorbut would have been doomed if he left homework undonejoked @Zealshifang.

    [语篇解读] 本文主要讲述了中国14岁男孩儿孙轶潇在电梯出了故障后不仅没有惊慌失措,最后还把作业做完了的故事。

    1A.panic      Bexcitement

    Cconfusion Ddepression

    解析:与上文的fears呼应,主人公在电梯突然停止后,随之而来的是惊慌。panic惊慌excitement激动confusion困惑depression抑郁

    答案:A

    2A.materials  Bsubstances

    Cmatters Devents

    解析:根据下文的find a way out可推知,主人公决定自己处理这种意外情况,与上文的overcame呼应。take matters into one's own hands固定搭配,意为亲自处理某事

    答案:C

    3A.considering  Btelling

    Cunderstanding Dignoring

    解析:根据语境可知,主人公试图撬电梯,但考虑到电梯出了故障可能会自由下坠。consider考虑

    答案:A

    4A.onto  Binto

    Cwithin Dfrom

    解析:send sth.into sth.为固定词组,意为使进入(某种状态),此处表示使电梯自由下落

    答案:B

    5A.formed  Babandoned

    Crejected Daccepted

    解析:根据上文的but和下文的instead可推知,主人公放弃了自己之前的想法。abandon抛弃,放弃

    答案:B

    6A.stood  Blay

    Cknelt Dleaned

    解析:根据常识可知,在电梯出故障时,最好靠着电梯内墙。lean靠在

    答案:D

    7A.With  BWithout

    CThrough DBy

    解析:根据语境可知,主人公手边没有手机,故用Without表示没有

    答案:B

    8A.screaming  Bcrying

    Cwhispering Dyelling

    解析:根据空后的to get the attention of people outside可推知,主人公当时大声喊叫,希望有人能够听到,以便得到帮助。yell叫喊

    答案:D

    9A.with  Bas

    Cwhen Dwhile

    解析:此处as引导时间状语从句,意为随着,表示随着时间的流逝,没有人回应他

    答案:B

    10A.from  Bby

    Cthrough Dacross

    解析:根据语境可知,困在电梯里的主人公通过电梯门缝塞出求救便条。through穿过,表示立体概念;across横过,表示平面概念。

    答案:C

    11A.exhausting  Bwearing

    Ccompleting Dfinishing

    解析:根据语境可推知,主人公用尽了各种能想到的求救办法,都没有得到回应。exhaust耗尽,使筋疲力尽

    答案:A

    12A.handsome   Bterrified

    Cpractical Dmodest

    解析:根据语境可知,主人公决定做作业,这说明他是一个务实的(practical)孩子。

    答案:C

    13A.before  Bafter

    Cwhen  Duntil

    解析:此处表示在有人发现他之前,符合语境,故用before引导时间状语从句。

    答案:A

    14A.occupied  Bcharged

    Cdevoted Dabandoned

    解析:occupy sb.with sth.为固定词组,意为使某人忙于某事,结合语境可知,主人公开始埋头做作业了。

    答案:A

    15A.inside  Boutside

    Cupside       Ddownside

    解析:根据上文的to get the attention of people outside可推知,后来主人公听到外面有很大的声音,与下文的There was a large crowd outsideincluding my teachers and other parents呼应。

    答案:B

    16A.relieved  Bdelighted

    Cscared  Dpuzzled

    解析:根据he was rescued可推知,当主人公得救时,人们都松了一口气。relieved感到宽慰的

    答案:A

    17A.cheered up    Bthumbed up

    Cwarmed up Dbuilt up

    解析:根据bravery and calmness可推知,微博上许多网民对主人公的勇敢和冷静评价很高。thumb up竖起大拇指,评价很高

    答案:B

    18A.emergency    Bincident

    Caccident   Devent

    解析:主人公被困在故障电梯中,这是一种紧急状况。emergency紧急情况incident小事件accident意外,(交通)事故event公开活动,重大事件

    答案:A

    19A.compared   Bfigured

    Cimagined   Dweighed

    解析:根据语境可知,此处表示主人公认真权衡(weighed)了利弊。

    答案:D

    20A.out­of­order  Bout­of­date

    Cout­of­balance   Dout­of­shape

    解析:根据上文的多处描述可知,电梯出现故障。out­of­order有故障的

    答案:A

    .短文改错

    This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up.  Because I had always been waiting to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I saw the man driving around the small parking lot, try to find a parking space. He head for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library book to return.  Seeing that, I offered to return them to him. He thanked me and jumped quick in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone needed it.

    答案:

    This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be  up.  Because I had always been waiting to read it, at that moment I was very . Outside the library, I saw  man driving around the small parking lot,  to find a parking space. He  for the disabled parking space, the only one that was free. He got off his car with a pile of library  to return.  Seeing that, I offered to return them  him. He thanked me and jumped  in his car and drove off, keeping the disabled parking space free for someone  needed it.

     

     

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