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(人教版)2019届高考英语一轮复习练习案：选修八 Unit 1 (含解析)
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选修八 Unit 1
[基础回顾]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(导学号02516335)
1．She was hired (hire) on the strength of her computer skills.
2．The majority of the interviewees prefer (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
3．She became the first black woman to be elected (elect) to the Senate.
4．It suddenly occurred to him that he should adopt the homeless child.
5．We should not have racial (race) discrimination.
6．I wish to be considered as an applicant (apply) for the position.
7．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment (punish)．
8．The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class, interrupted our heated discussion.
9． Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.
10．Great changes have taken place since our country reformed (reform) and opened to the outside world 30 years ago.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错)(导学号02516336)
1．The majority of the students has passed their biology exam. has→have
2．Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him. 去掉were
3．A great many of houses were knocked down in the earthquake. 去掉of
4．We regret to inform you that our company has hired on another girl for the job of secretary. 去掉on
5．Having punished by his boss, he was in a very bad mood. Having后加been
Ⅲ.佳句写作(导学号02516337)
1．人们相信，未来越来越多的人将飞向月球。(It is believed that...)
答案：It is believed that more and more people will fly to the moon in the future.
2．这就是我早早离去的原因。(That is why...)
答案：That is why I left so early.
3．很有可能志愿者来帮忙打扫街道。(It is likely that...)
答案：It is likely that volunteers are coming to help sweep the streets.
4．他好像没理解我说的话。(take in)
答案：He seems not to take in what I said.
5．你当时难道没想到他在撒谎吗？(It occurs to sb. that...)
答案：Didn't it occur to you that he was lying?
[技能提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(导学号02516338)
(2018·石家庄模拟)I was born an albino(白化病人) in Pennaylvania in 1945. No one in my family had ever known what an albino was and what it meant to be an albino.
My parents treated me just like they treated everybody else. That was just about the best thing they could have done. It helped me trust myself, so when the anger came along, I could deal with it.
Like most albinos, I had terrible eyesight, but the fact that I could hardly see didn't trouble me that much.
Kids would tease me, calling me “Whitey”. People stared at me when I held reading material right at the tip of my nose so I could see it well enough to read. Even when I was eight or nine, movietheater clerks started asking me to pay adult prices because I “looked older”．
The worst part for me was that because my eyesight was so bad, I couldn't play sports very well. I didn't give up trying, though. I shot hoops every day. And I studied harder.
Eventually，I got better at school and loved it. By the time I got to college, I was double majoring, going to summer school and busying myself with every activity I could find. I had learned to be proud of being an albino. I did my best to make “albino” a positive word.And I decided to make my living with my eyes and in sports.
I couldn't see very well to play sports，but with a solid education and the drive to do it, I could make a living involved in the area I loved. I've done it now for over thirty years in print and in video, and now in cyberspace (网络空间). People make jokes about how I'm the only “blind editor” they know, but the jokes are affectionate. Some of them are the sings of respect.
I was just a proud albino kid from the coal country of Pennsylvania. I now realize that being born an albino helped me to overcome difficulties, gain confidence, and be proud of my personal achievements.
[语篇解读] 作者生来就身患白化病，这种病给他的生活和学习带来了严重影响。但他找到了自由，克服了困难，并取得了令人羡慕的成就。
1．According to the author， ________ helped him a lot in dealing with troubles.
A．his solid education in school
B．his family's little knowledge of the illness
C．the special care from his family and friends
D．the equal way his family treated him
解析：D [细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“My parents treated me just like they treated everybody else...so when the anger came along，I could deal with it.”可知，家人平等地对待他的方式有助于他处理问题。]
2．All the following are the signs of being an albino for the author EXCEPT ________ .
A．an older appearance
B．poor eyesight
C．being unable to play sports
D．abnormally white skin
解析：C [细节理解题。根据第三、四段的句子“Like most albinos，I had terrible eyesight”，“Kids would tease me，calling me‘Whitey’”和“movietheater clerks started asking me to pay adult prices because I ‘looked older’．”可知，相貌看起来老、视力差和不正常的白皮肤都是白化病的症状，但不能运动不是。]
3．The author holds a(n) ________ attitude towards his illness.
A．pessimistic B．optimistic
C．indifferent D．neutral
解析：B [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“I now realize that being born an albino helped me to overcome difficulties, gain confidence, and be proud of my personal achievements.”可知，作者对自己得白化病的态度是积极的。]
4．The purpose of this passage is ________ .
A．to amuse readers with funny stories
B．to motivate readers with his life experience
C．to inform readers of his illness
D．to warn readers of the terrible disease
解析：B [主旨大意题。根据最后一段的句子“I now realize that being born an albino helped me to overcome difficulties, gain confidence, and be proud of my personal achievements.”可知，作者通过讲述自己身患白化病，但是积极面对人生并取得成就的经历，激励读者。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
Hot lava flows down a Hawaiian mountainside. Farther up the slope, volcanologist (火山学家) Ken Hon picks his way slowly across the __1__ surface. The hot lava(岩浆)is slippery to walk on. “It's like walking on ice，” Hon says. “But the bottom part of your boots starts to __2__ a little. You'll get burned __3__ you fall.”
Hon plants his feet carefully and slowly. He's 4 data on the lava flowing out of Kilauea, a volcano that has been erupting since 1983. __5__ the lava's movements can save lives on the slopes below. But Hon must be __6__ . New waves of lava are flowing down toward him. Every few minutes he looks up to see __7__ the streams are and makes sure the __8__ lava hasn't cut off his escape route.
“It's __9__ out there, like the heat from an oven，” Hon says. “Up close, you have to wear firefighters' clothes __10__ the clothes you're wearing don't catch fire or melt.”
“Back in 1990, lava entered the town of Kalapana. The lava moved slowly but steadily，” Hon says. “We __11__ evacuate(疏散) people from about 150 homes. The lava __12__ forward and consumed all of the houses.” __13__ ， everyone escaped. But today Kalapana is buried under 30 feet of lava.
Volcanoes aren't __14__ to Hon. They're fascinating and exciting.“My __15__ thing is to come out at the edge of a lava lake. Sometimes I've had to sleep with a gas mask on.” Still, Hon knows how to keep __16__ and knows when the lava is __17__ . “All of a sudden，it gets really bright inside your __18__ ！” he says, laughing. But the __19__ is worth it，because the more Hon and other scientists can __20__ volcanoes, the safer they can keep the people who live around these powerful forces of nature.
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了火山学家Ken Hon的工作情况及他讲述的一次火山喷发的经历，让我们知道了这些伟大科学家对科学的执着态度和对人类的巨大贡献。
1．A.calm B．frozen
C．flat D. rough
解析：D [逻辑推理题。rough粗糙的。此处指火山学家Ken Hon慢慢穿过粗糙的地表。因为火山刚喷发过，所以地表是粗糙不平的。]
2．A.bend B．sink
C．melt D．fly
解析：C [逻辑推理题。melt融化。此处指热的岩浆还在往下流，鞋底踩在上面有点融化。]
3．A.though B．because
C．if D．unless
解析：C [逻辑推理题。if引导条件状语从句。此处指如果跌倒就会被烧伤。]
4．A.collecting B．providing
C．exchanging D．sharing
解析：A [词义辨析题。collect收集；provide提供；exchange更换；share分享。此处指Hon在搜集流出来的岩浆的数据。故选A。]
5．A.Knowing B．Stopping
C．Filming D．Remembering
解析：A [词义辨析题。know知道，了解；stop停止；film拍电影；remember记住。句意：了解火山岩浆的运动能挽救坡下的生命。故选A。]
6．A.smart B．careful
C．silent D．creative
解析：B [逻辑推理题。careful小心的。此处指Hon必须小心，因为新的岩浆浪头向他流过来。故选B。]
7．A.where B．how
C．which D．what
解析：A [逻辑推理题。句意：每隔几分钟他就往上看看岩浆热流到哪儿了。此处where引导宾语从句表地点。]
8．A.hardening B．moving
C．cooling D．amazing
解析：C [词义辨析题。hardening硬的；moving动的；cooling冷却的；amazing令人吃惊的。句意：确保冷却的岩浆没有阻断他逃跑的路。故选C。]
9．A.powerful B．crowded
C．empty D．hot
解析：D [背景常识题。喷发出的岩浆自然是热的。]
10．A.or B．while
C．but D．so
解析：D [逻辑推理题。句意：往上靠近必须穿消防服，因此你的衣服不会着火或熔化。此处表因果关系，故选D。]
11．A.had to B．ought to
C．should D．could
解析：A [词义辨析题。have to不得不；ought to应该；should应该；could能，会。此处指由于岩浆慢慢平稳的持续移动所以不得不疏散人们。故选A。]
12．A.leaned B．inched
C．put B．looked
解析：B [词义辨析题。lean倾斜；inch慢慢前进；put放；look看。此处指岩浆慢慢前进毁灭了所有的房子。故选B。]
13．A.Strangely B．Fortunately
C．Hopefully D．Gradually
解析：B [逻辑推理题。fortunately幸运地。此处指人们已被疏散。所以说幸运的是人们都逃走了。]
14．A.similar B．interesting
C．scary D．important
解析：C [词义辨析题。similar相似的；interesting有趣的；scary提心吊胆的；important重要的。此处指对于Hon来说火山不是让他提心吊胆的而是迷人的和令人兴奋的。故选C。]
15．A.lucky B．main
C．worrying D．favorite
解析：D [词义辨析题。lucky幸运的；main主要的；worrying令人担心的；favorite最喜爱的。句意：我最喜欢的事是出现在火山湖边缘。故选D。]
16．A.safe B．busy
C．comfortable D．quiet
解析：A [逻辑推理题。safe安全的；busy忙碌的；comfortable舒适的；quiet安静的。句意：Hon知道怎样保证安全。故选A。]
17．A.different B．distant
C．close B．slow
解析：C [逻辑推理题。close近的。此处指Hon知道岩浆什么时候接近了。]
18．A.bag B．tent
C．car D．house
解析：B [逻辑推理题。tent帐篷。此处指如果火山岩浆接近了，帐篷里就亮了起来。野外调查主要是住帐篷。]
19．A.change B．view
C．result D．danger
解析：D [词义辨析题。change变化；view视野，意见；result结果；danger危险。此处指但是危险是值得的，能挽救人类的生命。]
20．A.think of B．talk about
C．learn about D．hear of
解析：C [词义辨析题。think of认为；talk about谈论；learn about了解，掌握；hear of听说。句意：Hon和别的科学家对火山了解的越多，他们就能使生活在自然强大力量周围的人们更安全。故选C。]
Ⅲ.短文改错(导学号02516339)
This is my fifth day at the summer camp. Life isn't exact what I expected. We have to get up early to make our beds before our teacher Miss Li come to inspect. After breakfast, we have some of free time. Yesterday morning I went fishing, but the only thing I catch was a tree branch. In the afternoon, there are different activity like horseback riding and hiking. They're fun，so nothing new for me. In the evening, everyone is assigned a different task to get dinner ready. Yesterday, I was in charge of prepare the hot dogs, but I accidentally dropped it in the fire. The best part of camp is at night, where we sit around a campfire and tell stories.
答案：
[基础回顾]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空(导学号02516335)
1．She was hired (hire) on the strength of her computer skills.
2．The majority of the interviewees prefer (prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.
3．She became the first black woman to be elected (elect) to the Senate.
4．It suddenly occurred to him that he should adopt the homeless child.
5．We should not have racial (race) discrimination.
6．I wish to be considered as an applicant (apply) for the position.
7．Whoever breaks the school rules will surely receive punishment (punish)．
8．The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class, interrupted our heated discussion.
9． Apparently (apparent), the iPods, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.
10．Great changes have taken place since our country reformed (reform) and opened to the outside world 30 years ago.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每句一错)(导学号02516336)
1．The majority of the students has passed their biology exam. has→have
2．Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him. 去掉were
3．A great many of houses were knocked down in the earthquake. 去掉of
4．We regret to inform you that our company has hired on another girl for the job of secretary. 去掉on
5．Having punished by his boss, he was in a very bad mood. Having后加been
Ⅲ.佳句写作(导学号02516337)
1．人们相信，未来越来越多的人将飞向月球。(It is believed that...)
答案：It is believed that more and more people will fly to the moon in the future.
2．这就是我早早离去的原因。(That is why...)
答案：That is why I left so early.
3．很有可能志愿者来帮忙打扫街道。(It is likely that...)
答案：It is likely that volunteers are coming to help sweep the streets.
4．他好像没理解我说的话。(take in)
答案：He seems not to take in what I said.
5．你当时难道没想到他在撒谎吗？(It occurs to sb. that...)
答案：Didn't it occur to you that he was lying?
[技能提升]
Ⅰ.阅读理解(导学号02516338)
(2018·石家庄模拟)I was born an albino(白化病人) in Pennaylvania in 1945. No one in my family had ever known what an albino was and what it meant to be an albino.
My parents treated me just like they treated everybody else. That was just about the best thing they could have done. It helped me trust myself, so when the anger came along, I could deal with it.
Like most albinos, I had terrible eyesight, but the fact that I could hardly see didn't trouble me that much.
Kids would tease me, calling me “Whitey”. People stared at me when I held reading material right at the tip of my nose so I could see it well enough to read. Even when I was eight or nine, movietheater clerks started asking me to pay adult prices because I “looked older”．
The worst part for me was that because my eyesight was so bad, I couldn't play sports very well. I didn't give up trying, though. I shot hoops every day. And I studied harder.
Eventually，I got better at school and loved it. By the time I got to college, I was double majoring, going to summer school and busying myself with every activity I could find. I had learned to be proud of being an albino. I did my best to make “albino” a positive word.And I decided to make my living with my eyes and in sports.
I couldn't see very well to play sports，but with a solid education and the drive to do it, I could make a living involved in the area I loved. I've done it now for over thirty years in print and in video, and now in cyberspace (网络空间). People make jokes about how I'm the only “blind editor” they know, but the jokes are affectionate. Some of them are the sings of respect.
I was just a proud albino kid from the coal country of Pennsylvania. I now realize that being born an albino helped me to overcome difficulties, gain confidence, and be proud of my personal achievements.
[语篇解读] 作者生来就身患白化病，这种病给他的生活和学习带来了严重影响。但他找到了自由，克服了困难，并取得了令人羡慕的成就。
1．According to the author， ________ helped him a lot in dealing with troubles.
A．his solid education in school
B．his family's little knowledge of the illness
C．the special care from his family and friends
D．the equal way his family treated him
解析：D [细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“My parents treated me just like they treated everybody else...so when the anger came along，I could deal with it.”可知，家人平等地对待他的方式有助于他处理问题。]
2．All the following are the signs of being an albino for the author EXCEPT ________ .
A．an older appearance
B．poor eyesight
C．being unable to play sports
D．abnormally white skin
解析：C [细节理解题。根据第三、四段的句子“Like most albinos，I had terrible eyesight”，“Kids would tease me，calling me‘Whitey’”和“movietheater clerks started asking me to pay adult prices because I ‘looked older’．”可知，相貌看起来老、视力差和不正常的白皮肤都是白化病的症状，但不能运动不是。]
3．The author holds a(n) ________ attitude towards his illness.
A．pessimistic B．optimistic
C．indifferent D．neutral
解析：B [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子“I now realize that being born an albino helped me to overcome difficulties, gain confidence, and be proud of my personal achievements.”可知，作者对自己得白化病的态度是积极的。]
4．The purpose of this passage is ________ .
A．to amuse readers with funny stories
B．to motivate readers with his life experience
C．to inform readers of his illness
D．to warn readers of the terrible disease
解析：B [主旨大意题。根据最后一段的句子“I now realize that being born an albino helped me to overcome difficulties, gain confidence, and be proud of my personal achievements.”可知，作者通过讲述自己身患白化病，但是积极面对人生并取得成就的经历，激励读者。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
Hot lava flows down a Hawaiian mountainside. Farther up the slope, volcanologist (火山学家) Ken Hon picks his way slowly across the __1__ surface. The hot lava(岩浆)is slippery to walk on. “It's like walking on ice，” Hon says. “But the bottom part of your boots starts to __2__ a little. You'll get burned __3__ you fall.”
Hon plants his feet carefully and slowly. He's 4 data on the lava flowing out of Kilauea, a volcano that has been erupting since 1983. __5__ the lava's movements can save lives on the slopes below. But Hon must be __6__ . New waves of lava are flowing down toward him. Every few minutes he looks up to see __7__ the streams are and makes sure the __8__ lava hasn't cut off his escape route.
“It's __9__ out there, like the heat from an oven，” Hon says. “Up close, you have to wear firefighters' clothes __10__ the clothes you're wearing don't catch fire or melt.”
“Back in 1990, lava entered the town of Kalapana. The lava moved slowly but steadily，” Hon says. “We __11__ evacuate(疏散) people from about 150 homes. The lava __12__ forward and consumed all of the houses.” __13__ ， everyone escaped. But today Kalapana is buried under 30 feet of lava.
Volcanoes aren't __14__ to Hon. They're fascinating and exciting.“My __15__ thing is to come out at the edge of a lava lake. Sometimes I've had to sleep with a gas mask on.” Still, Hon knows how to keep __16__ and knows when the lava is __17__ . “All of a sudden，it gets really bright inside your __18__ ！” he says, laughing. But the __19__ is worth it，because the more Hon and other scientists can __20__ volcanoes, the safer they can keep the people who live around these powerful forces of nature.
[语篇解读] 本文介绍了火山学家Ken Hon的工作情况及他讲述的一次火山喷发的经历，让我们知道了这些伟大科学家对科学的执着态度和对人类的巨大贡献。
1．A.calm B．frozen
C．flat D. rough
解析：D [逻辑推理题。rough粗糙的。此处指火山学家Ken Hon慢慢穿过粗糙的地表。因为火山刚喷发过，所以地表是粗糙不平的。]
2．A.bend B．sink
C．melt D．fly
解析：C [逻辑推理题。melt融化。此处指热的岩浆还在往下流，鞋底踩在上面有点融化。]
3．A.though B．because
C．if D．unless
解析：C [逻辑推理题。if引导条件状语从句。此处指如果跌倒就会被烧伤。]
4．A.collecting B．providing
C．exchanging D．sharing
解析：A [词义辨析题。collect收集；provide提供；exchange更换；share分享。此处指Hon在搜集流出来的岩浆的数据。故选A。]
5．A.Knowing B．Stopping
C．Filming D．Remembering
解析：A [词义辨析题。know知道，了解；stop停止；film拍电影；remember记住。句意：了解火山岩浆的运动能挽救坡下的生命。故选A。]
6．A.smart B．careful
C．silent D．creative
解析：B [逻辑推理题。careful小心的。此处指Hon必须小心，因为新的岩浆浪头向他流过来。故选B。]
7．A.where B．how
C．which D．what
解析：A [逻辑推理题。句意：每隔几分钟他就往上看看岩浆热流到哪儿了。此处where引导宾语从句表地点。]
8．A.hardening B．moving
C．cooling D．amazing
解析：C [词义辨析题。hardening硬的；moving动的；cooling冷却的；amazing令人吃惊的。句意：确保冷却的岩浆没有阻断他逃跑的路。故选C。]
9．A.powerful B．crowded
C．empty D．hot
解析：D [背景常识题。喷发出的岩浆自然是热的。]
10．A.or B．while
C．but D．so
解析：D [逻辑推理题。句意：往上靠近必须穿消防服，因此你的衣服不会着火或熔化。此处表因果关系，故选D。]
11．A.had to B．ought to
C．should D．could
解析：A [词义辨析题。have to不得不；ought to应该；should应该；could能，会。此处指由于岩浆慢慢平稳的持续移动所以不得不疏散人们。故选A。]
12．A.leaned B．inched
C．put B．looked
解析：B [词义辨析题。lean倾斜；inch慢慢前进；put放；look看。此处指岩浆慢慢前进毁灭了所有的房子。故选B。]
13．A.Strangely B．Fortunately
C．Hopefully D．Gradually
解析：B [逻辑推理题。fortunately幸运地。此处指人们已被疏散。所以说幸运的是人们都逃走了。]
14．A.similar B．interesting
C．scary D．important
解析：C [词义辨析题。similar相似的；interesting有趣的；scary提心吊胆的；important重要的。此处指对于Hon来说火山不是让他提心吊胆的而是迷人的和令人兴奋的。故选C。]
15．A.lucky B．main
C．worrying D．favorite
解析：D [词义辨析题。lucky幸运的；main主要的；worrying令人担心的；favorite最喜爱的。句意：我最喜欢的事是出现在火山湖边缘。故选D。]
16．A.safe B．busy
C．comfortable D．quiet
解析：A [逻辑推理题。safe安全的；busy忙碌的；comfortable舒适的；quiet安静的。句意：Hon知道怎样保证安全。故选A。]
17．A.different B．distant
C．close B．slow
解析：C [逻辑推理题。close近的。此处指Hon知道岩浆什么时候接近了。]
18．A.bag B．tent
C．car D．house
解析：B [逻辑推理题。tent帐篷。此处指如果火山岩浆接近了，帐篷里就亮了起来。野外调查主要是住帐篷。]
19．A.change B．view
C．result D．danger
解析：D [词义辨析题。change变化；view视野，意见；result结果；danger危险。此处指但是危险是值得的，能挽救人类的生命。]
20．A.think of B．talk about
C．learn about D．hear of
解析：C [词义辨析题。think of认为；talk about谈论；learn about了解，掌握；hear of听说。句意：Hon和别的科学家对火山了解的越多，他们就能使生活在自然强大力量周围的人们更安全。故选C。]
Ⅲ.短文改错(导学号02516339)
This is my fifth day at the summer camp. Life isn't exact what I expected. We have to get up early to make our beds before our teacher Miss Li come to inspect. After breakfast, we have some of free time. Yesterday morning I went fishing, but the only thing I catch was a tree branch. In the afternoon, there are different activity like horseback riding and hiking. They're fun，so nothing new for me. In the evening, everyone is assigned a different task to get dinner ready. Yesterday, I was in charge of prepare the hot dogs, but I accidentally dropped it in the fire. The best part of camp is at night, where we sit around a campfire and tell stories.
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