2021年高考英语二轮复习七选五专项练习一（含答案）

2021年高考英语二轮复习七选五专项练习一

1.

Secret codes(密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

People have used secret codes for thousands of years.　（1）　Code breaking never lags(落后)far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

There are three main types of cryptography.　 （2）　For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”

　（3）　You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read“13 5 5 20 13 5.”

A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.　 （4）　For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”. The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”　 （5）　However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.

C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

2.

　　Everyone knows that fish is good for health.　（1）　But it seems that many people don’t cook fish at home. Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year, but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home. Buying, storing, and cooking fish isn’t difficult.　 （2）　This text is about how to buy and cook fish in an easy way.

　（3）　Fresh fish should smell sweet: you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge. Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.　 （4）　When you have bought a fish and arrive home, you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately, but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two. Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one.

There are many common methods used to cook fish.　 （5）　First, clean it and season it with your choice of spices(调料).Put the whole fish on a plate and steam it in a steam pot for 8 to 10 minutes if it weighs about one pound.(A larger one will take more time.)Then, it’s ready to serve.

A.Do not buy it.

B.The easiest is to steam it.

C.This is how you can do it.

D.It just requires a little knowledge.

E.The fish will go bad within hours.

F.When buying fish,you should first smell it.

G.The fats in fish are thought to help prevent heart disease.

3.

When we were children, we were taught the simplest lessons to be able to build good relationships with others._（1）_However, the question is: What makes a good relationship?

Be willing to share

Once you are in a good relationship, you are not just thinking about yourself. You learn to share what you have. __（2）__ You should also share your thoughts, your ideas, your dreams and even your frustrations.

Learn to care

People in a good relationship are kind to each other. They make efforts to show how they value each others' space. They both take the time to know what matters to the other and also give time to try out each others' interests. _（3）__

Learn to play fair

__（4）__ Each one is allowed to move freely as an individual. However, each action is done with consideration of the other one's feelings. No one is above the other.

_（5）__

A healthy union is bound by cooperation. The people involved work as a team to achieve one goal. Each one helps and supports the other to succeed in their individual endeavours. They appreciate each other and they grow together and as individuals as well.

A．Learn to cooperate

B．Learn to work hard towards your goal

C．A good relationship is a two­way traffic.

D．This does not just include material things.

E．Everyone knows that the relationship they have won't stay strong.

F．Having good relationships will make you never have to live your life alone.

G．Most of all, they care enough to listen to each other and do nice things for each other.

4.

The Science of Risk-Seeking

Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.　（1）　Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.　 （2）　As the quality of risk-taking was passed from one generation to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.　 （3）　

No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.　 （4）　To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

　（5）　For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

A.It all depends on your character.

B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.

C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

D.Thus,these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

F.However,we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

5.

As I type this, I am in my university dorm room. A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college applications, I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like. However, there’s only so much that prep books, websites, and older friends can teach. Here are the top 5 things nobody told me about college:

　（1）　

Nobody entering a university knows exactly what they want to study. If they tell you otherwise, they’re lying and will probably change what they want to pursue within the first quarter of attendance. During my first quarter at University of California, Riverside(UCR),I thought that I wanted to study Political Science with its focus on International Affairs, so that’s what I applied for. However, once I worked with statewide and local government, I realized that a better fit for me would be Public Policy, and now I am in the process of changing my area.

　（2）　

In college, there are so many good chances for you to meet your expectations. However, there is a very important difference between wanting to do something and applying for something. In order for you to take full advantage of the conferences, research, internships(实习),and fellowships that your university offers, apply! Step into your academic advisor’s office, introduce yourself, and begin making the valuable connections that are necessary to help during the rest of your college career. Great things happen when you step out of your comfort zone, and you would be surprised on how many chances exist if you just ask.

　（3）　

College is where you meet your bridesmaids, groomsmen, neighbors, and potential bosses. The relationships you develop now will probably be linked to the ones you value later, so be wise about the people who you invest yourself in. You are only one person, and you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose. Surround yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving you for who you are, and be patient to the people who are the complete opposite of that description.

　（4）　

As a first-year, I was afraid to make any noise towards campus issues that I noticed. It was not until I became involved in student government that I gained the confidence to handle projects that I created with the help of ASUCR Office of the President. During my first quarter, I spoke directly to the Chancellor(校长),asking him for support towards my initiatives(提议),met with the Vice Chancellors, and cooperated with my teaching assistants to begin my undergraduate research project. Nothing good will happen when you are silent.

　（5）　

At my high school, there were about only four active clubs and organizations that students could be a part of. Imagine my surprise when I stepped foot onto UCR’s campus, where over 400 organizations exist, ranging from political organizations to karate club. You are not paying all of your tuition(学费)to merely go to class, study, pass tests and graduate. Make something worthy out of your experience. Create stories that you will want to tell your grandchildren one day. It all begins here, by signing up to join an organization.

A.Get involved in student activities

B.Your voice is actually super important

C.There is a significant increase of opportunities

D.Stay in active communication with your friends

E.Get smart about the people who you spend your time with

F.Your major does not matter as much in your first year of college

Five Things Nobody Told Me about College

参考答案

1.【参考答案】

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,论述了密码的种类及对信息安全的重要性。

（1）【解析】选D。前句说人类使用密码的历史很长,后句说密码破译从未落后于密码编制,根据逻辑关系可知选择D项,即“只要有密码存在,人们就一直试图破译密码”。

（2）【解析】选E。前句说密码学有三种主要形式,后句举例说明密码学的形式,这种形式即密码是由首字母组成的,故选择E项。

（3）【解析】选G。本段说明密码学的第二种形式,由后面的叙述可知,这种形式用一个字(数字)代替另一个字(字母),故选择G项。由叙述顺序也可知道G项中的Another way是一种提示。

（4）【解析】选F。前句说要想读懂密码信息必须有密码本,根据逻辑关系,下句应该说“有了密码本,你就可以写下那些代表其他字的字”,故选择F项。

（5）【解析】选A。前面举例说明了第三种密码学的形式,并且知道有了密码本就很容易读出信息,根据逻辑关系可知,下句应该说明“没有密码本很难破译密码”,故选择A项。此外,下句However, it is also hard to...也是一种提示。

2.【参考答案】

（1）【解析】选G。前面一句提到鱼对健康有益,所以此处具体说明鱼的好处。

（2）【解析】选D。上一句提到买鱼、贮藏鱼和烹饪鱼并不难,承接上句,此处指只是需要一些这方面的知识。

（3）【解析】选F。后面提到买鱼的常识,且提到smell sweet,和F选项中的smell it吻合。

（4）【解析】选E。后面一句提到买了新鲜的鱼带回家后,如果不马上吃,最好放到冰箱里。所以此处应提到这样做的原因,鱼在几小时内就会变质。

（5）【解析】选B。后面提到了蒸鱼的具体方法,所以此处应是总结性的语言,表示最简单的方法是蒸鱼。

3.【参考答案】

（1）F；

（2）D；

（3）G；

（4）C；

（5）A；

4.【参考答案】

【文章大意】本文是一篇论说文,文章论述了冒险和回报的关系:冒险行为与大脑的工作机制有关,当大脑的快乐中枢被激活时,人们就会采取冒险行为。

（1）【解析】选F。考查逻辑关系。前句提到了weigh the risk and the reward,F项表示“然而,并不是所有的人都使用相同的标准来权衡风险和回报”,符合上下文逻辑,故选择F项。

（2）【解析】选C。考查逻辑关系。前句说明hunting,fighting,or exploring是早期人类生存的必要条件,C项中的those正是指代这些活动。

（3）【解析】选A。考查逻辑关系。根据humans developed a range of character types...可知,人们形成的不同性格如今仍然存在,正是不同的性格类型才导致了我们对冒险行为采取不同的态度,故选择A项。

（4）【解析】选E。考查逻辑关系。E项中的when与your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years中的teenage years相对应,故选择E项。

（5）【解析】选G。考查段落主旨。根据后面的句子可知,本段是有关冒险行为与大脑的关系,故选择G项。

5.【参考答案】

【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要是为一些即将上大学的学生介绍他们关心的情况并提出建议。

（1）【解析】选F。根据本段第一句话可知,进入大学的学生没有人确切知道自己要学什么,可判断本段讲述的是大学学习内容,同时根据作者在大学更改专业的事例可判断选F,意为:大学第一年,你的专业不是那么要紧。

（2）【解析】选C。根据本段第一句可知,在大学,你有很多可以满足你的愿望的机会,同时根据本段以及最后一句you would be surprised on how many chances exist可判断在大学只要努力去争取会有很多机会的,据此可判断选C,意为:有大量增加的机会。

（3）【解析】选E。根据本段第二句be wise about the people who you invest yourself in以及you do not have time to waste on people who would rather cause drama or mess up with your purpose可知要了解那些你交往的人,不要浪费时间在那些小题大做弄糟你计划的人身上。故选E,意为:了解那些和你一起的人。

（4）【解析】选B。根据本段中作者以自己为例,讲述了大一时不敢对注意到的学校问题发表看法,进入学生团体后获得了自信并直接向校长寻求对自己提议的支持,懂得了当你沉默的时候没有好事会发生,据此判断作者本段旨在建议同学们主动发表你的意见,故选B,意为:你的意见实际上是非常重要的。

（5）【解析】选A。根据本段以及最后一句by signing up to join an organization可知有很多俱乐部和团体,同学们应该多些这样的经历,从报名参加这些团体开始,故本段主题句应为建议学生报名加入团体并参与学生活动。