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Book1Unit1Friendship 培优班讲义（含答案）
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年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt. 使不安；使心烦；弄翻，打翻；打乱，扰乱
(教材P1)Your friend comes to school very upset.
你朋友来上学时很心烦。
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心
be upset＋thatclause ……让人不安
(2)upset a plan/an arrangement 打乱计划/安排
(3)upset oneself about sth. 使某人为某事
烦恼
It upsets sb. that. . . 让某人心烦的是……
①(2014·高考山东卷·写作)Once I was not very good at English. I didn’t know enough words and my grammar was also poor which really made me upset. 我一度很不擅长英语，掌握的词汇量小，语法也很差，这使我确实很心烦。
②In my opinion，there is no point in getting upset about it. 依我看来，为此事烦恼没有任何意义。
③Don’t upset_yourself_about_it—no harm has been done. 不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。
【活用】——一句多译
让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。
________________ nobody had bothered to tell him about it. ＝________________ was that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.
答案：It upset him that；What upset him
concern n．[U]担心；关注；(利害)关系；
[C]关心的人(或)事
vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；(使)担忧，使操心
(教材P1)You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then. 你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他(或她)，下课后你们会见面交谈。
(1)adj.
(2)n.
(3)vt.
(4)concerning prep. 关于；有关
①(2014·高考四川卷·满分作文)As far as I’m concerned，only by studying hard at ordinary time can you succeed eventually. 就我个人而言，只有你平时努力学习，你最终才能成功。
②(2013·高考四川卷·单项填空)Nowadays people are more concerned_about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。
③(2014·高考福建卷·书面表达)It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes. 是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。
④If you are_concerned_in the accident，you’d better have a talk with our teacher. 如果你与这个事故有关的话，你最好去找我们的老师谈谈。
【活用】——用concern的相关短语完成下列小片段
Besides doing his research work，Professor Li (1)________________(从事) social work. For example，he (2)________________(关心) world peace and human progress. He also made it clear that his research work should(3)________________(与……有关) the farmers’ income.
答案：(1)concerns himself with (2)is concerned about/for (3)be concerned with/in
calm vt. & vi. 使平(镇)静；(使)镇定
adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的
(教材P1)You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你不理会上课铃，而是去安静的地方安慰你的朋友。
calm(sb. )down (使某人)平静下来；镇静下来
stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静
①(2014·高考安徽卷·阅读理解)Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. 露丝和她的助手藏在她们的车里直到愤怒的蜜蜂平静下来。
②Dawn came，the sea calmed but the cold was as bitter as ever.
破晓之际，海面平静了下来，但寒冷依旧。
③The crazy football fans can’t keep_calm when watching the World Cup.
看世界杯时疯狂的球迷不能沉住气。
[易混辨析]calm，quiet，silent，still
calm
平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动。
quiet
宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。
silent
寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音。
still
静止的，不动的；指(人体等)无运动的。
【活用】——选用上述单词完成下列小片段
When facing danger, one should keep (1)________(冷静)；when taken photos，one should keep (2)________(静止不动的)；when someone else is asleep，one should keep(3)________(安静的)；in class，one shouldn’t keep(4)________(沉默的)about the teacher’s questions.
答案：(1)calm (2)still (3)quiet (4)silent
suffer vt. &vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
(教材P4)She suffered from loneliness，but she had to learn to like it there.
她感到孤独，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。
(1)
(2)
①Having suffered_from the lung cancer for many years，John suffered a lot of pain.
约翰患肺癌多年遭受了很多痛苦。
②The company suffered huge loses the last financial year. 公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。
③(2014·高考四川卷·阅读理解)He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
他的病痛完全康复。
【活用】——完成句子/句式升级
(1)他患有肺癌好多年了。
He ________________ lung cancer for many years.
(2)这名患者已经决定戒烟。
____________________ to give up smoking.
(3)用非谓语动词短语作状语连接(1)、(2)句。
________________________________________________________________________.
答案：(1)has suffered from
(2)The sufferer has decided
(3)Having suffered from lung cancer for many years，the sufferer has decided to give up smoking
settle vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
(教材P4)She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place，because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.
她发现在藏身的地方难以安定和平静下来，因为她担心他们是否会被发现。
【活用1】——写出下列句子中settle的含义
(1)She settled in Beijing after her father’s death. 定居
(2)It’s all settled—we’re leaving on the nine o’clock plane. 决定；确定
(3)(牛津词典)Two birds settled on the fence. 停留，落在
(1)settle a problem/an argument
解决问题/争议
(2)settle down 安居下来，使平静下来
settle down to (doing) sth.
开始做某事，着手认真做某事
settle on/upon 就……达成协议，最后决定
settle in 安顿下来，适应新的工作、
环境等
①(朗文辞典)They settled down to(2014·高考天津卷·阅读理解)He wants me to settle_down，but now I want him to find an adventure. 他想让我安下心来，但是现在我想让他去闯荡一番。
③She took a seat and settled_down_to waiting.
她坐下来，开始安心等待。
④(2014·高考辽宁卷·短文改错)Although we’ve been delighted to have you as neighbors，we’re hoping to settle something that bothers us.
虽然我们很高兴有你们这样的邻居，但是我们还是希望能解决一下困扰我们的事情。
【活用2】——完成下列句子
这些移民刚定居下来就又发现了一个难以解决的问题。
The (1)____________ had just (2)____________ when they found another problem which was hard (3)____________．
答案：(1)settlers (2)settled down (3)to settle
add up 合计
(教材P1)Add up your score and see how many points you get.
把你的分数加起来看看你能得多少分。
(1)add sth. up 把……加起来
add sth. to sth. 把……加到/进……里
add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动
语态)
add to 增加；增添
add that. . . 补充说……
(2)in addition 另外
in addition to 除……之外
①Would you like to add some milk to your coffee?
你想在咖啡里加些牛奶吗？
②The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added_to the helplessness of the crew at sea. 船只马达失灵了，且恶劣的天气增加了全体船员的无助感。
③(2014·高考江西卷·书面表达)In_addition，we should learn how to get along well with others.
此外，我们应该学会如何与他人相处。
④He added that he felt very sorry for not being able to come.
他补充说他对于不能来感到非常抱歉。
【活用】——用add的相关短语完成下列小片段
The boss said it was not easy to manage a company. He (1)____________ the financial crisis (2)____________ the difficulty. However，the dormitory for workers needed improving and they would (3)____________ a toilet (4)____________ each room. He (5)____________ the expenses and the total (6)____________ more than 200,000 yuan.
老板说管理一个公司不容易。他补充说经济危机增加了困难。然而，工人们的宿舍需要改造，每个房间要增加一个厕所。他合计了一下费用，总数加起来超过二十万元。
答案：(1)added that (2)added to (3)add
(4)to (5)added up (6)added up to
go through 经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完
(教材P2)Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you，or would not understand what you are going through？或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？
【活用】——写出下列句中go through的含义
(1)(牛津)I always start the day by going through my email. 查看，查阅
(2)The plan went through，which made us all happy. 通过
(3)(2013·高考福建卷)Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 经历
(4)I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang. 完成
go by 走过；(指时间)流逝
go in for 参加(考试或比赛)；追求
go over 仔细检查；温习
go without 没有某事物也可应付
go against 违背
①If you go against nature，it will punish you.
如果你违背了自然，它就会惩罚你。
②(2014·高考四川卷·书面表达)Our teacher chose many important exercises for us，and I went_over the language points at the same time.
老师为我们选择了许多重要的练习，与此同时，我复习了语言点。
get along with 与……相处；进展
(教材P6)I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. 我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。
get across 讲清楚，(使)被领会
get along 进展；进行下去
get down to 认真做，开始着手做
get over 克服，摆脱
get rid of 消灭，摆脱，除掉
get through (电话)接通；用完；通过
①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)I’ll enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.
我将喜欢我从事的工作，并且与同事相处得好。
②Readers can get_along even without knowing the exact meaning of a word.
即使不知道某一个单词的准确词义读者们也都能读得下去。
③You should get down to your study from now on. Please concentrate on what is of great importance for your future development.
从现在起，你应该认真学习。为了你的未来的发展请专注于重要的事情。
(教材P1)While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。
While walking the dog. . . 是一种省略形式，补充完整为：While you were walking the dog. . . 。
当时间或条件状语等从句中的主语同主句主语一致或主语是it，且从句含有be动词时，从句可使用when/while＋doing/done的省略结构。
①(2014·高考四川卷·书面表达)So while sitting in the classroom and doing my papers，I felt confident and was full of energy. 因此，我坐在教室做试卷时感到精力旺盛，信心十足。
②When_asked_about the secret of his success，he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
当被问到他成功的秘密时，他说他的成功与快乐很大程度上归功于他的妻子和孩子。
③When_comparing(compare) naughty children with others，we often pay attention to their shortcomings without noticing their ability.
当我们把淘气的孩子和他人相比时，我们经常注意到他们的缺点而看不到他们的能力。
(教材P2)She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月才被发现。
before conj. 用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。
(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。
(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。
(4)It be＋一段时间＋since引导状语从句表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
①(2014·高考湖北卷·完成句子)It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
②It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了一段时间我才悟出真相。
③John thinks it_won’t_be_long_before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
④As far as I know，it is five years since he joined the army. 据我所知，他参军五年了。
精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：5 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．(2014·高考北京卷·满分作文)If you please，I’ll like to go there together with you in August when I have ____________(康复)．
2．We are really ____________(感激)to you for all you have done for us over the years.
3．Not having been cleaned for months，the books on the shelf were ____________ (积满灰尘的)．
4．Within a few days Mary had become seriously ill，____________(遭受) great pain.
5．He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to ____________(定居)in the country.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．She said she was not ____________ (entire) satisfied with what I had done.
7．They are discussing how to build up a ____________ (power) government.
8．What’s worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally____________(ignore)the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.
9．____________(concern)about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
10．He stood up suddenly，____________ a cup of coffee on my shirt，which made me ____________. (upset)
Ⅱ. 选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
get tired of；a series of；in order to；go through；face to face；get along with；on purpose；set down；be concerned about；suffer from
1．You’d better ________________ his address and telephone number in case you forget them.
2．The purpose of a test is to show both the teachers and students how they are ________________ their work.
3．The early pioneers had to________________many hardships to settle on the new land.
4．One of our workmates has been in danger. We________________his health.
5．I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made________________just to annoy me.
6．(2014·高考江苏卷·任务型阅读)________________ satisfy the desire，they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.
7．The two brothers had lost touch with each other for many years，they stood________________for a long time and didn’t dare to recognize each other.
8．Though we________________serious natural disasters，we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
9．You can find________________English reading materials in the school library.
10．________________ staying indoors for days，we are longing to go out and relax ourselves.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．It is reported that Oxford English Dictionary is considering ________ the Chinese word “tuhao” to its next edition.
A．Adding B．added C．to add D．to be added
2．She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road.
A．on B．along C．from D．off
3．The Chinese government has begun a campaign to________ the crazy housing market.
A．calm B．destroy C．occupy D．reflect
4．________such a heavy loss，the boss didn’t have the courage to go on with his business.
A．Having suffered B．To suffer C．Suffering from D．Suffered
5．The meeting was concerned ________ reforms and everyone present was concerned ________ their own interests.
A．for；about B．with；for C．with；with D．about；with
IV. 补全句子
1．With a local guide ____________________(带路)，they had no trouble walking out of the forest.
2．____________________(当被问到原因时)for winning the prize，the girl owed the success to her teachers.
3．(2014·高考安徽卷·单选改编)The meaning of the word“nice” ____________________(改变了好几次才)it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”．
4．____________________(多久之后才)the professor makes another visit to China?
5．It was the first time that a female ____________________(被选为总统)．
V. 完形填空
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However，life can be
1 when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry，who described herself as a world-class fault-finder，almost always 3 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her，and 4 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 5 person.
Unfortunately，it took a horrible accident to change her 6 . Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 7 to deal with was that the day before the 8 ，Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticising her 9 of boyfriends，the way she was living，the way she related to her mother，and various other things she felt she needed to 10 . It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 12 everything so harshly(刻薄地). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 13 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren't as extreme at fault-finding， 14 when we're honest，we can be sharply 15 of the world. I'm not suggesting you 16 problems，or that you pretend things are 17 than they are，but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are—
18 most of the time，and especially when it's not a really big 19 .
Train yourself to “bite your tongue”，and with a little 20 ，you'll get really good at letting things go. And when you do，you'll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
13. A. family B. life C. career D. education
14. A. so B. or C. but D. for
15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical
16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore
17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse
18. A. at least B. at last C. by far D. so far
19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty
20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
答案：recovered
答案：grateful
答案：dusty
答案：suffering
答案：settle
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
答案：entirely
答案：powerful
答案：ignoring
答案：Concerned
答案：upsetting；upset
Ⅱ. 选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
答案：set down
答案：getting along with
答案：go through
答案：are concerned about
答案：on purpose
答案：In order to
答案：face to face
答案：have suffered from
答案：Having got tired of
Ⅲ. 单项填空
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，《牛津英语词典》正在考虑将汉语中的“土豪”一词添加到它的下一个版本中。consider表示“考虑”后接动词作宾语时只能接动词的ing形式。故选A。
解析：选D。考查语境选词。句意：她在转弯处开得太快，汽车几乎________公路。四个选项此处均为介词：on意为“在……上”；along意为“沿着……”；from意为“从……”；off意为“离开……”。根据so fast at the turn可推断出，此处表示“汽车几乎冲出(went off)公路”。
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意：中国政府已经开始了一场使房地产市场降温的战役。calm“使冷却，使降温”；destroy“破坏”；occupy“占据，占领”；reflect“反映；映射”。
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：遭受严重损失之后，那个老板没有勇气把生意做下去了。宾语是loss，所以用suffer而不用suffer from。suffer与主语the boss是主谓关系，且非谓语动词所表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用having suffered。
解析：选B。考查语境选词。句意：这个会议与改革有关，到会的每个人都关心自己的利益。be concerned with. . . “与……有关”；be concerned for/about. . . “关心……”。
IV．补全句子
1．leading the way
2．When asked about the reason
3．changed a few times before
4．How long will it be before
5．had been elected president
V. 完型填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Kerry本来是一个事事挑剔、苛刻的女孩，但通过她最好的朋友遭遇了车祸这件事，她变得对一切不再那么刻薄了。这篇文章旨在告诉我们：不要用一种挑剔的眼光去看世界，心胸要开阔一些。当我们养成这种习惯的时候，就能重拾生活中的热情，而且心中会充满爱。
1.B 句意：世界上最简单的事情之一就是成为一个吹毛求疵的人。然而，当你不是忙着找茬时，生活可能是 。由however表示转折关系可知，本空应选great，表示“生活可能是美好的”。lonely孤独的，寂寞的；great伟大的，极好的；quiet安静的，寂静的；uneasy不安的，不确定的。
2.A 由固定搭配可知，“收到”来信动词用receive，故答案为A项。前文没有提到Kerry给作者写信，所以不能选answered(回复)。
3.C 由后句中的People were always doing things that annoyed her可知，她经常因为人们做的事而感到“烦恼”。threaten威胁，恐吓；interrupt打断，插嘴；bother打扰，烦恼；spoil娇惯，宠坏。故本空应选bothered。
4.D 由前面的People were always doing things that annoyed her可知，Kerry对一切都觉得不满意，没有什么是足够好的。故选nothing。
5.B 由前文可知，Kerry对一切都非常挑剔，她不但对自己苛刻，而且也找朋友的茬。由此可知Kerry是一个令人烦的人，故选boring。caring关心他人的；interesting有趣的；surprising令人惊奇的。
6.A 根据后文中的“It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 12 everything so harshly.”可知，在她最好的朋友经历了一次可怕的事故后，Kerry对事情的“态度(attitude)”发生了改变，故本空应选attitude。plan计划；measure措施；explanation解释。
7.D 这件事发生得太突然，前一天她们还见面聊天，所以她感到无法接受、无法应付，所以应选impossible。urgent急迫的，催促的；unnecessary不必要的，多余的；certain必然的，确定的。
8.C 根据前面提到的a horrible accident可知此处应选accident。
9.D 根据语境并结合四个选项的含义可知，此处指对男朋友的“选择(choice)”。memory记忆；notice通知；evidence证据。
10.C 由前文可知，Kerry一直在“表达(express)”对各种事情和人的意见。故本空应选C项。
11.A 根据后文中的Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life可知Kerry对待生活的态度变了，之所以会有这种变化是因为她“意识到(become aware of)”了自己挑剔的习惯，所以选择A项。(be) afraid of害怕，担心；(be) curious about 对……感到好奇；(be) confused about对……感到困惑。
12.C 由rather than(而不是)可知，后面表达的意思应该与appreciate life(欣赏生活)表达的意思相反。discuss讨论，商讨；realise意识到，实现；judge评判，断定；settle解决，安排。结合四个选项的含义可知应是如此刻薄地“评判(judge)”每一件事，故选C项。
13.B 由前文可知，Kerry能够把智慧转移到生活的其他方面，故本空应选life(生活)。family家庭；career职业；education教育。
14.C 根据下一段开头的Train yourself to “bite your tongue”可知，此处是说“或许我们大多数人并不是如此挑剔，但是(but)，老实说，我们都有可能会对这个世界有尖锐的批评”。由本空前后句意可知，前后两部分为转折关系，故应用but。
15.D 根据上题的分析可知，此处应选critical。be critical of意为“对……爱挑毛病，对……持批评态度”。
16.D 根据后面的but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are可知，此处作者并不是建议大家“忽视(ignore)”问题，故选D项。
17.B or连接表示选择关系的句子，此处表达的含义应该与ignore problems意思相近，也就是假装事情比实际情况“更好(better)”，故选B项。
18.A 根据前面的you learn to allow things to be as they are可知，此处说的是“至少(at least)”在大多数情况下应该是这样。故选A项。at last最后，终于；by far最；so far到目前为止，迄今为止。
19.B 根据句中的especially可知，此处表示递进关系：尤其当它不是一件非常大的事(deal)时。故选B项。
20.A 此处是指训练自己忍住不说，稍加练习(practice)，你就会非常擅长……由句中的train可知，本空应选A。
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt. 使不安；使心烦；弄翻，打翻；打乱，扰乱
(教材P1)Your friend comes to school very upset.
你朋友来上学时很心烦。
(1)be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心
be upset＋thatclause ……让人不安
(2)upset a plan/an arrangement 打乱计划/安排
(3)upset oneself about sth. 使某人为某事
烦恼
It upsets sb. that. . . 让某人心烦的是……
①(2014·高考山东卷·写作)Once I was not very good at English. I didn’t know enough words and my grammar was also poor which really made me upset. 我一度很不擅长英语，掌握的词汇量小，语法也很差，这使我确实很心烦。
②In my opinion，there is no point in getting upset about it. 依我看来，为此事烦恼没有任何意义。
③Don’t upset_yourself_about_it—no harm has been done. 不要为那事烦恼，没有造成损失。
【活用】——一句多译
让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。
________________ nobody had bothered to tell him about it. ＝________________ was that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.
答案：It upset him that；What upset him
concern n．[U]担心；关注；(利害)关系；
[C]关心的人(或)事
vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；(使)担忧，使操心
(教材P1)You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then. 你会告诉你的朋友你很关心他(或她)，下课后你们会见面交谈。
(1)adj.
(2)n.
(3)vt.
(4)concerning prep. 关于；有关
①(2014·高考四川卷·满分作文)As far as I’m concerned，only by studying hard at ordinary time can you succeed eventually. 就我个人而言，只有你平时努力学习，你最终才能成功。
②(2013·高考四川卷·单项填空)Nowadays people are more concerned_about the environment where they live.
现在人们更加关注他们生活的环境。
③(2014·高考福建卷·书面表达)It is love and concern that have brought about the great changes. 是爱和关心带来了这巨大的变化。
④If you are_concerned_in the accident，you’d better have a talk with our teacher. 如果你与这个事故有关的话，你最好去找我们的老师谈谈。
【活用】——用concern的相关短语完成下列小片段
Besides doing his research work，Professor Li (1)________________(从事) social work. For example，he (2)________________(关心) world peace and human progress. He also made it clear that his research work should(3)________________(与……有关) the farmers’ income.
答案：(1)concerns himself with (2)is concerned about/for (3)be concerned with/in
calm vt. & vi. 使平(镇)静；(使)镇定
adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的
(教材P1)You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 你不理会上课铃，而是去安静的地方安慰你的朋友。
calm(sb. )down (使某人)平静下来；镇静下来
stay/keep/be calm 保持镇静
①(2014·高考安徽卷·阅读理解)Lucy and her assistant hid in their car until the angry bees had calmed down. 露丝和她的助手藏在她们的车里直到愤怒的蜜蜂平静下来。
②Dawn came，the sea calmed but the cold was as bitter as ever.
破晓之际，海面平静了下来，但寒冷依旧。
③The crazy football fans can’t keep_calm when watching the World Cup.
看世界杯时疯狂的球迷不能沉住气。
[易混辨析]calm，quiet，silent，still
calm
平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动。
quiet
宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。
silent
寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音。
still
静止的，不动的；指(人体等)无运动的。
【活用】——选用上述单词完成下列小片段
When facing danger, one should keep (1)________(冷静)；when taken photos，one should keep (2)________(静止不动的)；when someone else is asleep，one should keep(3)________(安静的)；in class，one shouldn’t keep(4)________(沉默的)about the teacher’s questions.
答案：(1)calm (2)still (3)quiet (4)silent
suffer vt. &vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
(教材P4)She suffered from loneliness，but she had to learn to like it there.
她感到孤独，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。
(1)
(2)
①Having suffered_from the lung cancer for many years，John suffered a lot of pain.
约翰患肺癌多年遭受了很多痛苦。
②The company suffered huge loses the last financial year. 公司在上一财政年度出现巨额亏损。
③(2014·高考四川卷·阅读理解)He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.
他的病痛完全康复。
【活用】——完成句子/句式升级
(1)他患有肺癌好多年了。
He ________________ lung cancer for many years.
(2)这名患者已经决定戒烟。
____________________ to give up smoking.
(3)用非谓语动词短语作状语连接(1)、(2)句。
________________________________________________________________________.
答案：(1)has suffered from
(2)The sufferer has decided
(3)Having suffered from lung cancer for many years，the sufferer has decided to give up smoking
settle vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
(教材P4)She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place，because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.
她发现在藏身的地方难以安定和平静下来，因为她担心他们是否会被发现。
【活用1】——写出下列句子中settle的含义
(1)She settled in Beijing after her father’s death. 定居
(2)It’s all settled—we’re leaving on the nine o’clock plane. 决定；确定
(3)(牛津词典)Two birds settled on the fence. 停留，落在
(1)settle a problem/an argument
解决问题/争议
(2)settle down 安居下来，使平静下来
settle down to (doing) sth.
开始做某事，着手认真做某事
settle on/upon 就……达成协议，最后决定
settle in 安顿下来，适应新的工作、
环境等
①(朗文辞典)They settled down to(2014·高考天津卷·阅读理解)He wants me to settle_down，but now I want him to find an adventure. 他想让我安下心来，但是现在我想让他去闯荡一番。
③She took a seat and settled_down_to waiting.
她坐下来，开始安心等待。
④(2014·高考辽宁卷·短文改错)Although we’ve been delighted to have you as neighbors，we’re hoping to settle something that bothers us.
虽然我们很高兴有你们这样的邻居，但是我们还是希望能解决一下困扰我们的事情。
【活用2】——完成下列句子
这些移民刚定居下来就又发现了一个难以解决的问题。
The (1)____________ had just (2)____________ when they found another problem which was hard (3)____________．
答案：(1)settlers (2)settled down (3)to settle
add up 合计
(教材P1)Add up your score and see how many points you get.
把你的分数加起来看看你能得多少分。
(1)add sth. up 把……加起来
add sth. to sth. 把……加到/进……里
add up to 加起来共计/达(不用于被动
语态)
add to 增加；增添
add that. . . 补充说……
(2)in addition 另外
in addition to 除……之外
①Would you like to add some milk to your coffee?
你想在咖啡里加些牛奶吗？
②The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added_to the helplessness of the crew at sea. 船只马达失灵了，且恶劣的天气增加了全体船员的无助感。
③(2014·高考江西卷·书面表达)In_addition，we should learn how to get along well with others.
此外，我们应该学会如何与他人相处。
④He added that he felt very sorry for not being able to come.
他补充说他对于不能来感到非常抱歉。
【活用】——用add的相关短语完成下列小片段
The boss said it was not easy to manage a company. He (1)____________ the financial crisis (2)____________ the difficulty. However，the dormitory for workers needed improving and they would (3)____________ a toilet (4)____________ each room. He (5)____________ the expenses and the total (6)____________ more than 200,000 yuan.
老板说管理一个公司不容易。他补充说经济危机增加了困难。然而，工人们的宿舍需要改造，每个房间要增加一个厕所。他合计了一下费用，总数加起来超过二十万元。
答案：(1)added that (2)added to (3)add
(4)to (5)added up (6)added up to
go through 经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完
(教材P2)Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you，or would not understand what you are going through？或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？
【活用】——写出下列句中go through的含义
(1)(牛津)I always start the day by going through my email. 查看，查阅
(2)The plan went through，which made us all happy. 通过
(3)(2013·高考福建卷)Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important. 经历
(4)I had just gone through my homework when the telephone rang. 完成
go by 走过；(指时间)流逝
go in for 参加(考试或比赛)；追求
go over 仔细检查；温习
go without 没有某事物也可应付
go against 违背
①If you go against nature，it will punish you.
如果你违背了自然，它就会惩罚你。
②(2014·高考四川卷·书面表达)Our teacher chose many important exercises for us，and I went_over the language points at the same time.
老师为我们选择了许多重要的练习，与此同时，我复习了语言点。
get along with 与……相处；进展
(教材P6)I’m getting along well with a boy in my class. 我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。
get across 讲清楚，(使)被领会
get along 进展；进行下去
get down to 认真做，开始着手做
get over 克服，摆脱
get rid of 消灭，摆脱，除掉
get through (电话)接通；用完；通过
①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ·书面表达)I’ll enjoy my work and get along well with my colleagues.
我将喜欢我从事的工作，并且与同事相处得好。
②Readers can get_along even without knowing the exact meaning of a word.
即使不知道某一个单词的准确词义读者们也都能读得下去。
③You should get down to your study from now on. Please concentrate on what is of great importance for your future development.
从现在起，你应该认真学习。为了你的未来的发展请专注于重要的事情。
(教材P1)While walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。
While walking the dog. . . 是一种省略形式，补充完整为：While you were walking the dog. . . 。
当时间或条件状语等从句中的主语同主句主语一致或主语是it，且从句含有be动词时，从句可使用when/while＋doing/done的省略结构。
①(2014·高考四川卷·书面表达)So while sitting in the classroom and doing my papers，I felt confident and was full of energy. 因此，我坐在教室做试卷时感到精力旺盛，信心十足。
②When_asked_about the secret of his success，he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
当被问到他成功的秘密时，他说他的成功与快乐很大程度上归功于他的妻子和孩子。
③When_comparing(compare) naughty children with others，we often pay attention to their shortcomings without noticing their ability.
当我们把淘气的孩子和他人相比时，我们经常注意到他们的缺点而看不到他们的能力。
(教材P2)She and her family hid away for nearly twentyfive months before they were discovered.
她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月才被发现。
before conj. 用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活。
(1)强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为“不等……就……”。
(2)在“It＋be＋时间段＋before从句”中，意为“……之后才……”。
(3)在“It＋be＋否定形式＋long＋before从句”中，意为“……不久就……”。
(4)It be＋一段时间＋since引导状语从句表示“自从……(到现在)有多长时间了”。
①(2014·高考湖北卷·完成句子)It was several minutes before I could take in what he was saying.
过了好几分钟，我才理解他说的是什么。
②It was some time before I realized the truth.
过了一段时间我才悟出真相。
③John thinks it_won’t_be_long_before he is ready for his new job.
约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。
④As far as I know，it is five years since he joined the army. 据我所知，他参军五年了。
精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：5 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．(2014·高考北京卷·满分作文)If you please，I’ll like to go there together with you in August when I have ____________(康复)．
2．We are really ____________(感激)to you for all you have done for us over the years.
3．Not having been cleaned for months，the books on the shelf were ____________ (积满灰尘的)．
4．Within a few days Mary had become seriously ill，____________(遭受) great pain.
5．He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to ____________(定居)in the country.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．She said she was not ____________ (entire) satisfied with what I had done.
7．They are discussing how to build up a ____________ (power) government.
8．What’s worse，they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake，totally____________(ignore)the noticeable sign “No Littering” nearby.
9．____________(concern)about the student，the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
10．He stood up suddenly，____________ a cup of coffee on my shirt，which made me ____________. (upset)
Ⅱ. 选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
get tired of；a series of；in order to；go through；face to face；get along with；on purpose；set down；be concerned about；suffer from
1．You’d better ________________ his address and telephone number in case you forget them.
2．The purpose of a test is to show both the teachers and students how they are ________________ their work.
3．The early pioneers had to________________many hardships to settle on the new land.
4．One of our workmates has been in danger. We________________his health.
5．I sometimes think that all his supposed mistakes are made________________just to annoy me.
6．(2014·高考江苏卷·任务型阅读)________________ satisfy the desire，they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong.
7．The two brothers had lost touch with each other for many years，they stood________________for a long time and didn’t dare to recognize each other.
8．Though we________________serious natural disasters，we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
9．You can find________________English reading materials in the school library.
10．________________ staying indoors for days，we are longing to go out and relax ourselves.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．It is reported that Oxford English Dictionary is considering ________ the Chinese word “tuhao” to its next edition.
A．Adding B．added C．to add D．to be added
2．She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went ________ the road.
A．on B．along C．from D．off
3．The Chinese government has begun a campaign to________ the crazy housing market.
A．calm B．destroy C．occupy D．reflect
4．________such a heavy loss，the boss didn’t have the courage to go on with his business.
A．Having suffered B．To suffer C．Suffering from D．Suffered
5．The meeting was concerned ________ reforms and everyone present was concerned ________ their own interests.
A．for；about B．with；for C．with；with D．about；with
IV. 补全句子
1．With a local guide ____________________(带路)，they had no trouble walking out of the forest.
2．____________________(当被问到原因时)for winning the prize，the girl owed the success to her teachers.
3．(2014·高考安徽卷·单选改编)The meaning of the word“nice” ____________________(改变了好几次才)it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”．
4．____________________(多久之后才)the professor makes another visit to China?
5．It was the first time that a female ____________________(被选为总统)．
V. 完形填空
One of the easiest things in the world is to become a fault-finder. However，life can be
1 when you are not busy finding fault with it.
Several years ago I 2 a letter from seventeen-year-old Kerry，who described herself as a world-class fault-finder，almost always 3 by things. People were always doing things that annoyed her，and 4 was ever good enough. She was highly self-critical and also found fault with her friends. She became a really 5 person.
Unfortunately，it took a horrible accident to change her 6 . Her best friend was seriously hurt in a car crash. What made it almost 7 to deal with was that the day before the 8 ，Kerry had visited her friend and had spent the whole time criticising her 9 of boyfriends，the way she was living，the way she related to her mother，and various other things she felt she needed to 10 . It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 12 everything so harshly(刻薄地). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her 13 as well.
Perhaps most of us aren't as extreme at fault-finding， 14 when we're honest，we can be sharply 15 of the world. I'm not suggesting you 16 problems，or that you pretend things are 17 than they are，but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are—
18 most of the time，and especially when it's not a really big 19 .
Train yourself to “bite your tongue”，and with a little 20 ，you'll get really good at letting things go. And when you do，you'll get back your enthusiasm and love for life.
1. A. lonely B. great C. quiet D. uneasy
2. A. received B. answered C. expected D. rejected
3. A. threatened B. interrupted C. bothered D. spoiled
4. A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
5. A. caring B. boring C. interesting D. surprising
6. A. attitude B. plan C. measure D. explanation
7. A. urgent B. unnecessary C. certain D. impossible
8. A. occasion B. event C. accident D. adventure
9. A. memory B. notice C. evidence D. choice
10. A. hear B. contribute C. express D. admit
11. A. aware of B. afraid of C. curious about D. confused about
12. A. discuss B. realize C. judge D. settle
13. A. family B. life C. career D. education
14. A. so B. or C. but D. for
15. A. proud B. sure C. hopeful D. critical
16. A. face B. create C. solve D. ignore
17. A. rarer B. better C. stranger D. worse
18. A. at least B. at last C. by far D. so far
19. A. task B. deal C. result D. duty
20. A. practice B. speech C. rest D. pity
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
答案：recovered
答案：grateful
答案：dusty
答案：suffering
答案：settle
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
答案：entirely
答案：powerful
答案：ignoring
答案：Concerned
答案：upsetting；upset
Ⅱ. 选词填空 用方框中短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
答案：set down
答案：getting along with
答案：go through
答案：are concerned about
答案：on purpose
答案：In order to
答案：face to face
答案：have suffered from
答案：Having got tired of
Ⅲ. 单项填空
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词。句意：据报道，《牛津英语词典》正在考虑将汉语中的“土豪”一词添加到它的下一个版本中。consider表示“考虑”后接动词作宾语时只能接动词的ing形式。故选A。
解析：选D。考查语境选词。句意：她在转弯处开得太快，汽车几乎________公路。四个选项此处均为介词：on意为“在……上”；along意为“沿着……”；from意为“从……”；off意为“离开……”。根据so fast at the turn可推断出，此处表示“汽车几乎冲出(went off)公路”。
解析：选A。考查动词辨析。句意：中国政府已经开始了一场使房地产市场降温的战役。calm“使冷却，使降温”；destroy“破坏”；occupy“占据，占领”；reflect“反映；映射”。
解析：选A。考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：遭受严重损失之后，那个老板没有勇气把生意做下去了。宾语是loss，所以用suffer而不用suffer from。suffer与主语the boss是主谓关系，且非谓语动词所表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用having suffered。
解析：选B。考查语境选词。句意：这个会议与改革有关，到会的每个人都关心自己的利益。be concerned with. . . “与……有关”；be concerned for/about. . . “关心……”。
IV．补全句子
1．leading the way
2．When asked about the reason
3．changed a few times before
4．How long will it be before
5．had been elected president
V. 完型填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。Kerry本来是一个事事挑剔、苛刻的女孩，但通过她最好的朋友遭遇了车祸这件事，她变得对一切不再那么刻薄了。这篇文章旨在告诉我们：不要用一种挑剔的眼光去看世界，心胸要开阔一些。当我们养成这种习惯的时候，就能重拾生活中的热情，而且心中会充满爱。
1.B 句意：世界上最简单的事情之一就是成为一个吹毛求疵的人。然而，当你不是忙着找茬时，生活可能是 。由however表示转折关系可知，本空应选great，表示“生活可能是美好的”。lonely孤独的，寂寞的；great伟大的，极好的；quiet安静的，寂静的；uneasy不安的，不确定的。
2.A 由固定搭配可知，“收到”来信动词用receive，故答案为A项。前文没有提到Kerry给作者写信，所以不能选answered(回复)。
3.C 由后句中的People were always doing things that annoyed her可知，她经常因为人们做的事而感到“烦恼”。threaten威胁，恐吓；interrupt打断，插嘴；bother打扰，烦恼；spoil娇惯，宠坏。故本空应选bothered。
4.D 由前面的People were always doing things that annoyed her可知，Kerry对一切都觉得不满意，没有什么是足够好的。故选nothing。
5.B 由前文可知，Kerry对一切都非常挑剔，她不但对自己苛刻，而且也找朋友的茬。由此可知Kerry是一个令人烦的人，故选boring。caring关心他人的；interesting有趣的；surprising令人惊奇的。
6.A 根据后文中的“It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became 11 her habit of finding fault. Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life rather than to 12 everything so harshly.”可知，在她最好的朋友经历了一次可怕的事故后，Kerry对事情的“态度(attitude)”发生了改变，故本空应选attitude。plan计划；measure措施；explanation解释。
7.D 这件事发生得太突然，前一天她们还见面聊天，所以她感到无法接受、无法应付，所以应选impossible。urgent急迫的，催促的；unnecessary不必要的，多余的；certain必然的，确定的。
8.C 根据前面提到的a horrible accident可知此处应选accident。
9.D 根据语境并结合四个选项的含义可知，此处指对男朋友的“选择(choice)”。memory记忆；notice通知；evidence证据。
10.C 由前文可知，Kerry一直在“表达(express)”对各种事情和人的意见。故本空应选C项。
11.A 根据后文中的Very quickly，she learned to appreciate life可知Kerry对待生活的态度变了，之所以会有这种变化是因为她“意识到(become aware of)”了自己挑剔的习惯，所以选择A项。(be) afraid of害怕，担心；(be) curious about 对……感到好奇；(be) confused about对……感到困惑。
12.C 由rather than(而不是)可知，后面表达的意思应该与appreciate life(欣赏生活)表达的意思相反。discuss讨论，商讨；realise意识到，实现；judge评判，断定；settle解决，安排。结合四个选项的含义可知应是如此刻薄地“评判(judge)”每一件事，故选C项。
13.B 由前文可知，Kerry能够把智慧转移到生活的其他方面，故本空应选life(生活)。family家庭；career职业；education教育。
14.C 根据下一段开头的Train yourself to “bite your tongue”可知，此处是说“或许我们大多数人并不是如此挑剔，但是(but)，老实说，我们都有可能会对这个世界有尖锐的批评”。由本空前后句意可知，前后两部分为转折关系，故应用but。
15.D 根据上题的分析可知，此处应选critical。be critical of意为“对……爱挑毛病，对……持批评态度”。
16.D 根据后面的but simply that you learn to allow things to be as they are可知，此处作者并不是建议大家“忽视(ignore)”问题，故选D项。
17.B or连接表示选择关系的句子，此处表达的含义应该与ignore problems意思相近，也就是假装事情比实际情况“更好(better)”，故选B项。
18.A 根据前面的you learn to allow things to be as they are可知，此处说的是“至少(at least)”在大多数情况下应该是这样。故选A项。at last最后，终于；by far最；so far到目前为止，迄今为止。
19.B 根据句中的especially可知，此处表示递进关系：尤其当它不是一件非常大的事(deal)时。故选B项。
20.A 此处是指训练自己忍住不说，稍加练习(practice)，你就会非常擅长……由句中的train可知，本空应选A。
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