Book1Unit 5Nelson Mandel -- a modern hero提高班讲义（含答案）

精讲

年级：高一年级   科目：英语   类型：同步

知识点：基础词汇

Ⅰ.核心单词

1．________(v.)进攻；攻击，抨击     2．________(vi.)逃脱；逃走；泄露

3．________(n.)意见；看法；主张

4．________(n.)质量；品质；性质→________(形似词，n.)数量，量

5．________(adj.)积极的；活跃的→________(adv.)积极地；活跃地→________(n.)活动

6．________(vt.)献身；专心于→________(adj.)忠实的；深爱的→________(n.)关爱；献身，奉献；忠诚

7．________(adj.)和平的；平静的；安宁的→________(adv.)和平地→________(n.)和平；平静；和睦

8．________(adj.)法律的，依照法律的→________(反义词，adj.)非法的，违法的

9．________(adj.)相等的；平等的→________(n.)平等；相等→________(adv.)同样地；相等地；公平地

10．________(vt.)教育；训练→________(adj.)受过教育的；有教养的→________(n.)教育→________(n.)教育工作者

11．________(vi.)请求；乞求→________(n.)乞丐

12．________(n.)报酬；奖金(vt.)酬劳；奖赏→________(adj.)值得的；有益的；有回报的

——词不离句，句不离段

He was rewarded for his devotion and generosity to education.He is strongly against violence and terrorism.In his opinion，attack  of any kind is  cruel and not equal.Everyone should obey the legal principles—law.

Ⅱ.重点短语

1．在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中　　　   2．求助于；致力于 

3．当权，上台            4．被判处……(徒刑) 

5．out of work            6．as a matter of fact 

7．blow up             8．be willing to do sth 

9．lose heart            10．set up 

Ⅲ.经典句式

1．This was a time when...这是一个……的时期

However，__________________(这是一个……的时期) one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.

2．stage表示抽象的地点时，常接where引导的定语从句

Today we have reached__________________(……的阶段) we have almost no rights at all.

3．only ＋介词短语/状语(从句)引导的倒装句

______________________(直到那时我们才决定)answer violence with violence.

4．the first time引导时间状语从句；“第一次……”

I felt bad__________________(我第一次给一个小组作讲解时)．

[词 汇 精 解]

1 devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于

(教材原句)A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.

一个伟人是一个致力于帮助别人的人。

(1)devote oneself to献身于……；致力于…… 

   devote...to...把……奉献于……；把……专注于……

(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的   be devoted to...专心于……；奉献于……

(3)devotion n．关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚

①(2013·重庆·阅读理解D)Zaragoza has devoted all his life to the field of science.

Zaragoza把他的一生都献给了这一科学领域。

②From my first job at the restaurant，I learned teamwork and devotion.

  从我在餐馆的第一份工作中，我学会了合作与奉献。

③Mrs.White，a ________ friend of mine，________________and her ________ to children made us vote for her.

 怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，献身于教学，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。

④If you have a job，________yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.

  A．do devote    B．don't devote  C．devoting    D．not devoting

【点津】　在短语devote...to...中to为介词，其后接名词或动名词，类似短语还包括：

look forward to期盼；        get down to开始着手；

  be/get/become/grow used(accustomed)to习惯于；  lead to导致；

pay attention to注意；        object to反对。

2 equal adj.相等的；平等的；胜任的；vt.等于；比得上   n．同等的人；相等物

(教材原句)But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.但是我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这能帮助我们实现我们的黑人与白人平等的梦想。

(1)be equal to sth/doing sth等于/胜任某物/做某事

   A equals B in...A在……方面比得上B/与B相匹敌  without equal无与伦比

(2)equality n．平等   equally adv.相等地；同等地；均等地

①Mary ________ quite ________ Bill in brains.玛丽与比尔的智力不相上下。

②So they will be ready for life in a world where China________with the United States.

因此他们将为生活在这样的一个世界作准备，在这个世界里中国和美国同样重要。

3 escape vt.& vi.逃脱；逃走；n.逃脱

(教材原句)It was a prison from which no one escaped. 那是一座任何人都逃不出去的监狱。

(1)escape from... 从……逃脱；逃避   escape doing/being done 逃避(被)做某事

  escape death 死里逃生

(2)a narrow escape 死里逃生

①(2013·江西·阅读表达)Once hooked，fish have no chance of escape.一旦钓住，鱼就没机会逃脱。

②They were glad to________________the clutches of winter for another year.

  他们很高兴又一年躲过了寒冬的魔爪。

③Few people____________the burning house.几乎无人逃出那间燃烧的房子。

4 reward n．报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏

(教材原句)They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪饷，是我毕生为黑人争取平等权利所得到的回报。

as a reward for 为……酬谢；作为……的奖赏   in reward(of) 作为报答；作为奖赏

reward sb for (doing) sth 为(做)某事奖赏某人   reward sb with sth 用某物奖赏某人

词语辨析　reward，award，prize

①As a reward for passing the College Entrance Examinations，many students got iPads as presents.

很多学生通过大学考试后，得到了iPad作为礼物。

②He ________________ by the kind things people said about him.

人们褒扬他，这就是对他很好的奖励。

③________________appropriate behavior can be successful in teaching children.

在教育孩子方面，对孩子良好行为进行奖赏是可行的。

④He always believed that the company would ______________his efforts.

他总是认为公司会因为他的努力工作而奖赏他。

5 turn to 转向；求助于……

(教材原句) Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉使用暴力以使黑人和白人平等呢？

turn down 降低(力量、声音等)；拒绝，不接受    turn up 开大声音；出场，露面

turn out 结果是，被证明是(不用被动语态)；出席，在场  turn in 上交，归还

turn on 打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)   turn over 考虑；翻过来；翻身；移交；翻阅

turn against 背叛        turn away 转过脸去；不准某人进入某处

① The son didn't know the answer and __________ his mother for help. 儿子不知道答案，向妈妈求助。

②______________ Page 60 for more information on this subject. 翻到60页来查找更多关于该主题的信息。

6 set up建立；创立

(教材原句)Set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg...

  成立律师事务所去帮助约翰内斯堡贫穷的黑人……

set up 竖起来，立起来，支起；建立，建造，创立  set about doing sth 开始做或处理；着手

set out to do sth 开始做或处理；着手     set aside 留出/节省(时间或钱)；对……不予考虑

set off/out for＋地点＝start/leave/sail for＋地点动身、出发去某地

set off 引爆；激发        be set in...以……为背景，故事发生在……

用介词或副词填空

①You'd better set________some money for special use.

②We will set________for Africa tomorrow.

③This film is set________New York.

④He set________learning Chinese at age ten.

[句 式 诠 释]

1 the first time第一次……

(教材原句)I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.我第一次向一个(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。

句中的the first time用作连词，用来引导时间状语从句，意为“第一次……”。

名词(短语)作连词，引导时间状语从句的有：

(1)the moment/the minute/the instant＝as soon as一……就……

(2)every time　每次　  each time　每当……   next time　下次……时　

  any time　任何时候  last time　上次……时　  by the time　到……为止

①________ I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading newspapers.

  每当我在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地读报。

②________________ I interviewed him，he looked a bit nervous.

  我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。

2 only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句引导的倒装句

(教材原句)．..only then did we decide  to answer violence with violence.……

   只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。

①________yesterday________________tell him the truth，which was a big surprise to him.

  昨天他 父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他而言真是个震惊。

②________________ make people on the other side of the river hear him.

   他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。

③________________ possible to settle the problem.只有当总编来了问题才有可能解决。

【参考答案】

Ⅰ.核心单词

1. attack　  2.escape　  3.opinion　  4.quality；quantity　 

5. active；actively；activity　     6.devote；devoted；devotion　

7.peaceful；peacefully；peace　 8.legal；illegal

9.equal；equality；equally　     10.educate；educated；education；educator　

11.beg；beggar　        12.reward；rewarding

Ⅱ.重点短语

1. in trouble　 2.turn to　 3.come to power　 4.be sentenced to　 5.失业　

6.事实上　 7.使充气；爆炸8．愿意做某事　 9.丧失勇气或信心　  10.设立；建立

Ⅲ.经典句式

1. this was a time when　 2.a stage where　3.Only then did we decide to　

4.the first time I talked to a group

[词 汇 精 解]

1 ③devoted；devoted herself to teaching；devotion

 ④A　[句意：如果你有了一份工作，务必要全力以赴地工作，最后你定能成功。强调词do通常用于强调谓语动词；另外and属于并列连词，它后面接了一个句子，所以其前也应是一个句子，此处是“祈使句＋and＋表将来的简单句”这一结构，故选项A正确。]

2　①is；equal to　②is an equal power

3　②have escaped　③escaped out of

4　②was well rewarded　③Rewards for　④reward him for

5　①turned to　②Turn to

6　①aside　②off/out　③in　④about

[句 式 诠 释]

1　①Each time　②The first time

2　①Only；did his father　②Only by shouting was he able to　

   ③Only when the chief editor comes will it be

精练

年级：高一年级   科目：英语   类型：同步 

知识点：词汇应用  难度 基础

总题量：3               预估总时间:30 min

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．After the work was finished，he divided the money ________ (equal)among them.

2．The baby looks so ________ (peace)when he's sleeping.

3．She described her husband as“a good man and a ________ (devote)husband.”

4．They succeeded in ________ (escape)from the burning bus，which was a terrible experience.

5．The boy was ________ (reward)for bringing back the lost dog.

II.单项填空

1．(2016·淳安中学高三模拟)Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was______with a  magnificent view.

A．awarded    B．admired    C．rewarded     D．appreciated

2．Mr.Wang made up his mind to devote all the time he could spare ______ his oral English before going abroad.

A．improve    B．to improve  C．improving     D．to improving

3．(2016·金华高三质检)With the victory at the French Open, Li Na has reached No.4 in the world, ________ the  previous Asian record.

A．equaled    B．equaling   C．to have equaled   D．having equaled

4．The robber tried every means，but couldn't ________ being caught by the policemen finally.

A．choose    B．protect   C．escape    D．consider

5．(2015·湖北卷，26)In much of the animal world, night is the time________for sleep—pure and simple.

A．set aside    B．set down  C．set off     D．set up

6．(2012·湖北，24)I'm so glad you've come here to________this matter in person.

A．lead to    B．see to   C．turn to    D．refer to

7．(2016·余杭高级中学质检)He was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the West Lake ____he went to  Hangzhou.

A．at the first time  B．the first time C．for the first time  D．at the first time when

8．________you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.

A．At times   B．Some time  C．Every time   D．The time

9．(2017·新课标卷Ⅱ，12)Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent_____properly in this hospital.

A．can be the patients treated    B．can the patients be treated

C．the patients can be treated    D．treated can be the patients

10．(2016·杭州十四中毕业班二调)London is the only city in the world ________ taking a taxi is an interesting  experience for tourists.

A．where   B．that    C．which    D．whose

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．I have reached a stage in my life __________________make decisions of my own.(suppose)

我已经到了应该自己做出决定的人生阶段。

2．Only when all of us help the people in the earthquake－hit area _______________．(return)

只有当我们所有人帮助地震灾区的人们时，他们才能很快地恢复正常的生活。

3．Her son，__________________，went abroad last year，leaving her alone in the small  village.(devoted)

她非常疼爱的儿子去年去了国外，留下她一个人在小村子里。

4．So suddenly did gun and bomb attacks break out in Iraq on Monday that at least 107 people_________.(escape)

星期一在伊拉克枪弹袭击发生得太突然，至少107人没有时间逃脱。

5．He gave the children some chocolate__________________．(reward)

他给孩子们一些巧克力来奖励他们的良好表现。

【参考答案】

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

  1.equally　2.peaceful　3.devoted　4.escaping　5.rewarded

Ⅱ.单项填空

1　C　[考查动词辨析。句意：到达泰山顶部的每个人都能看到壮丽的景观。reward“奖赏；奖励”，多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答，符合语境。award“因……而授予某人……”，通常指正式地或官方地颁发、授予；admire“钦佩；赞美”；appreciate“感激；欣赏”。]

2　D　[devote sth to doing sth“把……用于做某事”，为固定搭配。he could spare为定语从句，修饰all the time。]

3　B　[句意：由于在法网公开赛上的胜利，李娜的世界排名达到了第四名，平了前亚洲纪录。equaling the previous Asian Record为现在分词短语作结果状语。]

4　C　[考查动词词义辨析。句意：抢劫犯尝试了一切办法，但最终还是被警察抓住了。escape“逃脱，逃走”，后接动名词，表示“逃避……”，符合句意。choose“选择；挑选”；protect“保护”；consider“考虑，思考”。]

5　A　[句意为：在大部分的动物世界里，夜晚完全是被留出用来睡觉的时间。A项意为“留出，把……放一边”；B项意为“记下；放下；下车”；C项意为“出发；引起”；D项意为“建立；安排”。故选A项。]

6　B　[句意：我很高兴你亲自来这里处理这件事。考查动词短语辨析。see to表示“处理，照料”；lead to表示“导致，导向”；turn to表示“求助于，求教于”；refer to表示“参考，查阅”。]

7　B　[考查the first time用作连词的用法。句意：他第一次去杭州时就被西湖美丽的自然景色深深地吸引了。the first time用作连词，意为“第一次……的时候”。]

8　C　[句意：每当你和别人谈话或写东西时，你都在向别人展示你的技能。every/each time引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……”，A、B两项都不能引导时间状语从句，而D项表示“……的时候”不符合句意。]

9　B　[句意为：只有将医生的数量增加50%，这个医院的病人才能被完全地治疗。“only＋状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即将助动词放于主语之前。故选B项。]

10　A　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“________ taking a taxi is an interesting experience for tourists”是定语从句，空处在定语从句中作地点状语，故用where。]

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.where I am supposed to    2．will they return to their normal life quickly

3．to whom she is so devoted   4．had no time to escape

5．to reward them for behaving well/good behavior