2020高考英语大一轮精讲练人教版讲义：4.3


主题语境：人与自我——语言学习的规律、方法等

[话题单词]
1．amuse vt. 使发笑；使愉快
2．relax vt. 使放松；使轻松
3．embarrassing adj. 令人尴尬的
4．mental adj. 精神的
5．vivid adj. 生动的
6．impressive adj. 印象深刻的
7．understanding n． 理解
8．wisdom n． 智慧
9．intelligence n． 智力
10．harmony n． 和谐
11．comic adj. 喜剧的
12．drama n． 戏剧
13．inspire v． 激发，激励
14．encourage v． 鼓励
15．touched/moved adj. 感动的
[话题短语]
1．a sense of humour幽默感
2．make a joke说笑话
3．burst into laughter放声大笑
4．take the place of代替
5．have an effect on对……起作用
6．take advantage of利用
7．keep a good mood in daily life在日常生活中保持良好的心态
8．be very cheerful every day每天都很开心
9．be wild with joy欣喜若狂
10．can't help/resist laughing禁不住大笑
[话题佳句]
1．Humour becomes part of wisdom.
幽默成为智慧的一部分。
2．A sense of humour may work as a balance wheel in one's life.
幽默感可以在人的生活中起调节作用。
3．Having the sense of humour is the valuable treasure of a human－being.
具有幽默感是一个人的宝贵财富。
[佳作背诵]
假设你是李华，喜欢学习英语，在学习的过程中发现自己看不懂一些英语笑话，请根据以下要点给某英文报刊编辑写一封信就这一问题进行咨询。
1．我是个英语爱好者，英语成绩还不错；
2．不能理解英语杂志上小笑话的幽默之处；
3．向编辑咨询出现这种现象的原因并寻求改进建议。
Dear editor，
I am Li Hua，a senior high school student，who loves English very much，and I am writing to ask you for help.
I have been learning English hard for about six years and my English teacher often praises me for my excellent performance.However，I am very puzzled when I can't understand some jokes at all in some English magazines such as Reader's Digest，although I know all the words.Could you please tell me the reason why I can't take in the humor in the jokes? Maybe you can give me some suggestions on how to change the situation.
Best wishes to you！I am looking forward to receiving your letter.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua

识记·思考·运用
1．核心单词
①overcome vt.&vi.战胜；克服
②content adj.满足的；满意的 n．满足；内容 vt.使满足
③slide vt.&vi.(使)滑动；(使)滑行n.滑；滑动；幻灯片
④whisper n. 耳语；低语vt.&vi.低语；小声说
⑤react vi.作出反应；回应
reaction n．回应
⑥entertain vt.&vi.使欢乐；款待
entertainment n．娱乐；款待
⑦convince vt.使信服
convincing adj.令人信服的
convinced adj. 相信的
⑧amuse vt.使发笑；使愉快→amusing adj.好笑的；有趣的 →amused adj.感觉好笑的 →amusement n．娱乐；乐趣
⑨direct vt.&vi.导演；指示；指挥；adj.直的；直接的；真率的→director n．导演 →direction n．指导；方向 → directly adv. 直接地；径直地
2．阅读单词
①chew vt.&vi. 嚼碎；咀嚼食物
②outstanding adj. 突出的；杰出的；显著的
③throughout prep. 遍及；贯穿
adv. 到处；始终；全部
④occasion n. 时刻；场合
⑤gesture n. 手势；姿态
vi. 做手势
⑥budget n. 预算
⑦messy adj. 乱七八糟的
⑧detective n．侦探
⑨porridge n．稀饭，粥
⑩bottom n．底部；底
⑪badly-off adj.穷的
⑫worn-out adj.破旧；磨破的，穿旧的；劳瘁
⑬failure n. 失败者；fail v. 失败
⑭explanation n. 解释；讲解；说明
explain vt. 解释
⑮bored adj. 厌烦的； 烦闷的
boring 无聊的；令人厌烦的
⑯astonish vt. 使惊诧
astonishing adj. 令人感到惊讶的
astonished adj. 吃惊的
⑰particular adj. 特殊的；特别的
n. 细节；细目
particularly adv. 特殊地；特别地
⑱optimism n. 乐观；乐观主义
optimistic adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的
⑲depressed adj. 忧愁的；沮丧的
depressing adj.压抑的；使人沮丧的
depression n. 沮丧；忧愁
⑳fortunate adj. 幸运的；吉利的
fortune n. 运气；财富
fortunately adv. 幸运地
unfortunately adv.(反义词)不幸地
用上面所给单词的适当形式填空
1．What was Jeff's reaction (react)when you told him about the job?
2．My English teacher suggested that I should learn from my failure(fail) and hoped I could do better next time.
3．The judge didn't believe his explanations(explain) that he had stolen the money in order to give it to charity.
4．But I am not persuaded that he，or anybody else, offers convincing(convince)answers.
5．The boy is particularly (particular)interested in making model planes.
6．A boy shouted in my direction (direct)across the playground.
7．She whispered(whisper)a few words weakly before she fell down.
8．Children's TV nowadays is much more entertaining (entertain)．
9．They were dancing and singing on the square，much to the amusement (amuse)of passers-by.
10．The boy was sliding (slide)on the ice，but suddenly he lost his balance and fell down.

1．“满足，满意”家族
①content adj.满足的；满意的n.满足vt.使满足
②satisfy vt.使满意，满足；
satisfaction n．满意；满足
③please v．(使……)高兴，(使……)满意；pleased adj.高兴的，满意的
④happy adj.感到满意的
⑤meet vt.满足
2．后缀-tion构成的抽象名词
①explanation 解释，说明
②admiration 钦佩，赞美
③conservation 保存，保护
④creation 创造
⑤description 描写，描述
⑥education 教育
⑦expectation 预期，期待
⑧exploration 探索
⑨examination 检查，细查，考试
⑩graduation 毕业
3．词形相近词对比记忆
①content n．内容；context n．上下文
②march n．前进；match n．比赛
③affect v．影响；effect n．影响，效果
④sweat n．汗水；sweet adj.甜的
⑤monkey n．猴子；donkey n．驴
⑥expand v．扩张；expend v．花费
⑦steal v．偷；steel n．钢
⑧adapt v．适应；adopt v．收养
4．“说”法荟萃
①whisper小声说；耳语
②speak说；演讲；发言
③chat聊天
④inform通知；告诉
⑤announce宣告；宣布
⑥declare声明；宣布
⑦comment评论；议论
识记·思考·运用
1．动词＋介词/副词
①star in 在……担任主角；主演
②cut off 切断；断绝
③pick out 挑出；辨别出
④pick up 偶然获得；收听；好转
⑤react to 对……作出反应；回应
2．其他形式
①feel/be content with 对……满足
②up to now直到现在
③badly off 穷的；缺少的
④in particular 尤其；特别
⑤convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
用左栏所给短语的适当形式填空
1．The teacher was content with what the students had done in the holiday.
2．Everyone makes mistakes，but the real test is how you react to them.
3．It is usually easier to pick out the meaning of a word in a given context.
4．The water supply in that city was cut off for several days because of pollution.
5．The school is rather badly off for equipment.
6．Everybody thought this young actor would have a bright future after he starred in two films.

“be＋...＋with”短语集锦
①be content/satisfied/pleased with 对……满足
②be angry with 生某人的气
③be busy with 忙于
④be strict with 对某人要求严格
⑤be familiar with 熟悉
⑥be burdened with 负担
⑦be filled with 充满
⑧be lined with 排列着
⑨be covered with 被……覆盖
在解读中学懂，在仿写中学通
背原句
学句型
练仿写
1.As Victor Hugo once said，“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”．..
维克多·雨果曾经说过：“笑容如阳光，能驱走人们脸上的冬天。”……
as 引导定语从句，代替后面句子的内容。
正如我们多次强调的那样，“为人民服务”是我们的第一宗旨。
As we have stressed many times，“serve the people”is our first policy.
2.Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off...
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难……
现在分词短语作结果状语。
大自然为我们的祖国提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，making it a happy home for us.
3.Then he picks out the lace of the shoe and eats it as if it were spaghetti.
然后他挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。
as if 引导方式状语从句，当表示与事实不相符的情况时，通常用虚拟语气。
有些人一失去工作或失恋，就觉得好像到了世界末日似的。
Some people，on losing a job or a special relationship，may feel as if it were the end of the world.
3500词汇语境篇——先练后背，事半功倍
Chaplin—A Great Master of Humour
Chaplin was an extraordinary performer who starred in and directed many 1.outstanding(outstand) comedies.Few were bored watching his moustache，his gestures or his entertaining reactions when 2.chased(chase) by detectives.Being drunk，sliding on a banana skin or whispering his own failures to nobody，he made us feel more content with our life 3.without any verbal explanation.His particular sense of humor 4.has astonished(astonish) everybody throughout the world up to now.
In a small budget film，he played 5.a badly-off and homeless person wearing worn-out shoes and messy clothes.On one occasion，he 6.was trapped(trap) by a snowstorm in a vast mountainous area.7.Though he overcame many difficulties，he wasn't fortunate enough.With all the porridge 8.eaten(eat) up，he picked out a shoe and boiled it to eat.He cut off the leather bottom and chewed 9.it like a pancake.According to an actress，his acting was so 10.convincing(convince) and amusing that everybody couldn't help bursting into laughter.
Notes：chase/'tʃeɪs/ n．追捕；打猎 v．追逐；追寻；追求(常与after连用)


content adj.满足的；满意的
n．满足；内容；含量
vt.使满足
(教材原句)He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content with their lives.在人们感到沮丧的时候，查理使人们开怀大笑，于是他们对自己的生活感到更加满足。
(1)be content to do sth.＝be willing/ready to do sth.乐于做某事；满足于做某事
feel/be content with sth.＝feel/be satisfied/pleased with sth.对某事感到满意/满足
(2)content sb./oneself with使某人/自己对……感到满足
(3)to one's content使某人满意的是
with content满意地；满足地
[要点释疑]
(1)content作形容词时，通常作表语、后置定语或状语，作前置定语时要用contented，如：a contented expression满足的表情。
(2)在充当表语表示“非常满意”时用be well content而不能用be very content。
(1)Happy is he who is content.知足者常乐。
(2)We should never content ourselves with book knowledge only.我们切不可仅仅满足于书本知识。
(3)写出下列句子中黑体词的词性及含义
①She is reluctant to discuss the content of the play.n.内容
②There is a table of contents in the front of a dictionary.n.目录
③I am very content with my life at present.adj.满意的，满足的
④He wisely contented himself with his family and his love of nature.v.使满足
⑤I emptied the contents of the fridge into carrier bags.n.所含之物，所容纳之物
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·天津卷)Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content，like vitamins.




astonishing adj.令人感到惊讶的
(教材原句)You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。
拓展词：astonished adj.感到吃惊的
astonishing adj.令人吃惊的
astonishment n．惊讶
(1)be astonished at/by sth.对某事感到惊讶
be astonished to see/find/hear/learn...很惊奇地看到/发现/听到/得知……
It astonishes sb.that...令某人惊讶的是……
be astonished that...对……感到惊讶
(2)to one's astonishment使某人惊讶的是
in astonishment吃惊地
(1)To my astonishment，he was so impolite.
令我惊讶的是，他竞然这样没有礼貌。
(2)语境活用
To our great astonishment(astonish)，the boss wasn't astonished (not astonish) at the astonishing (astonish)news at all.
使我们非常吃惊的是，老板对这个令人吃惊的消息一点也不吃惊。
(3)单句语法填空
①I am astonished at/by the news of his escape.
②I'm astonished to learn (learn)that her parents don't give her love and care but only give her money.
③Much to my astonishment (astonish)，she remembered my name!
entertain v. 招待；款待；使有兴趣；使快乐
(教材原句)No one was ever bored watching him－his subtle acting made everything entertaining.
看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。
拓展词：entertaining adj.使人愉快的，有趣的
entertainment n．款待，请客；娱乐，消遣
(1)entertain sb. with sth./by doing sth.用某物/通过做某事使某人欢乐
be entertained by对……感到高兴
entertain sb. to sth.招待某人吃某物
entertain oneself自娱自乐
(2)to one's entertainment使某人快乐的是
(1)Some people entertain themselves by reading；others have to be entertained by the radio and television.
有些人通过读书自娱，有些人则必须听广播和看电视消遣。
(2)语境活用
During the show，the clown entertained the children with all kinds of tricks and they were all entertained by his funny acts.After that I entertained these children to dinner.The whole activity was entertaining.
在演出中，小丑以各种戏法逗孩子们乐，他的滑稽表演让他们很开心。演出结束后我请孩子们去吃饭。整个活动都非常有趣。
(3)单句改错
①I entertained the children to stories，songs and drama.to→with
②The poetry is entertained and poetic from beginning to end.
entertained→entertaining
convince vt. 使确信；使信服
(教材原句)The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted！查理的表演是那么有说服力，以至于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐！
拓展词：convinced adj.确信的；深信的
convincing adj.令人信服的
convince sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
be convinced of sth./that...确信；坚信；深信
convince sb.
(1)The great advantage of telling the truth is that one is so much more likely to sound convincing.
说真话最大的优势就是听上去很可能更令人信服。
(2)We were able to convince the students of(＝make the students convinced of)the need for wide reading.
我们能让学生们认识到广泛阅读的必要性。
(3)单句语法填空
①His mother has been trying to convince him to see(see)a doctor.
②This last argument is the most convincing (convince)to me.
③Convincing(convince)others of something is really a challenging task.
(4)写作能力提升
He was convinced of its truth，and he felt pleased.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Convinced of its truth，he felt pleased.
direct v．导演；指示；指挥adj.直的；直接的；直率的(教材原句)Charlie Chaplin wrote，directed and produced the films he starred in.
查理·卓别林自编、自导、自制他主演的电影。
拓展词：direction n．指导；方向；(常用复数)说明书
director n．导演；主任
directly adv.直接地；立即；conj.一……就……(引导时间状语从句)
(1)direct sb. to someplace指引某人到某处
direct sb. to do sth.指示/命令某人做某事
direct that sb. (should)do sth.(虚拟语气)
(2)in every direction＝in all directions 朝四面八方
in the direction of朝……方向
under the direction of在……的指导下
(1)Americans like to be direct.美国人喜欢直来直去。
(2)A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual.
大学教育对个人而言，其益处是巨大而直接的。
(3)单句语法填空
①Do you like the film directed(direct) by that star?
②The leader directed that an advance (should) be made(make) the next morning.
③Under the direction of his teacher，his study has improved a lot.
④I went home directly (direct) I had finished work.
(4)写作能力提升
①The general directed the troops to attack.(改为复合句)
→The general directed that the troops (should) attack.
②Under his direction we finished the work.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→Directed by him，we finished the work.

badly off穷的；缺少的
(教材原句) Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off...不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家庭更加艰难……
be badly off for缺少……
be well off富裕
be better off更富裕的，境况更好的
be worse off更穷
from bad to worse每况愈下
to make matters worse/what is worse更糟糕的是
(1)He is better off than ten years ago；at that time，he was badly off，and what is worse/worse still he lost his job.
他现在比十年前富裕多了；那时他很穷，更糟糕的是，他又失业了。
(2)写作能力提升
The school is rather badly off for equipment.(用short短语改写)
→The school is very short of equipment.
pick out 挑出；辨认出；挑选；使显著；领会
(教材原句)Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.
查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像吃意大利面条一样。
pick on挑选；招惹，找茬儿
pick off摘掉；摘下来
pick oneself up跌倒后站起来
pick up with sb.结识某人
pick out sb./sth.from...从……中挑出/辨别出某人/物
pick up捡起；让某人搭车；继续；摔倒后站起来；便宜地买到；接收(节目)；无意中学会；染上(疾病)；(身体等)好转恢复
(1)写出下列句子中黑体词的含义
①I have picked out the bad potatoes from the basket.挑出；拣出
②He picked out an old friend in the crowd.认出
③I can't pick out the meaning of the poem.领会
(2)用pick相关短语的适当形式填空
①She was picked out from thousands of applicants for the job.
②We'll pick up where we finished yesterday.
③She soon picked up French when she went to live in France.
④Pick out those books that you'd like to read.
⑤You should not pick off any of the flowers.
(3)单句语法填空
(2018·北京卷)Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus.





Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.
不幸的是他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加艰难，因此，卓别林童年时期都在照顾他生病的母亲和弟弟。
leaving the family even worse off为现在分词短语作结果状语。
现在分词短语作结果状语常表示意料、情理之中的结果，而不定式短语作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。
(1)He lost his smartphone，giving(give) away all his private photos.他的手机丢失了，泄露了所有的私密照片。
(2)单句语法填空
①The news shocked the public，leading (lead) to great concern about students' safety at school.
②European football is played in 80 countries，making(make) it the most popular sport in the world.
③They reached the company out of breath only to be told(tell) they were fired.
(3)写作能力提升
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，and makes it a happy home for us.(用非谓语动词短语作状语改写)
Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures，making it a happy home for us.
(4)单句语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making(make) it one of the most popular events in gardening.
Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.
查理首先挑出鞋带来吃，像是吃意大利面条一样。
本句as if引导方式状语从句，表示与事实不相符的状况，故用虚拟语气。

[要点释疑]
(1)as if可在look，seem等系动词后引导表语从句。当说话人认为从句的情况实现的可能性较大或者就是事实时，从句不用虚拟语气。
(2)在as though/if引导的方式状语从句中，当主从句的主语相同时，可以把从句的主语和谓语部分(此时从句主语多是代词。谓语多是be动词或含有be动词)省略，后面直接跟名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。
(1)He behaved as though/if nothing had happened (happen)．他表现得若无其事。
(2)She stood at the door as though/if (she had been)waiting (wait) for someone.
她站在门边好像是在等人。
(3)单句语法填空
①It looks as if it is(be) going to rain.
②I remember the whole thing as if it happened(happen) yesterday.
③He speaks English perfectly as if/though he had lived(live) in England for many years.

Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As long as you have direct (直接的)control over your goal，you have a much higher chance of success.
2．The boy was sliding (滑行)on the ice，but suddenly he lost his balance and fell down.
3．She is whispering (低语)to him with a mysterious expression on her face.
4．You have calm，controlled and relaxed gestures (姿势)，and then you will be seen as someone that is confident.
5．The learner of a second language has many difficulties to overcome (克服)．
6．His parents are convinced (相信)of the fact that their son always focuses his mind on his study.
7．Can you give us a detailed description of the contents (所含之物)of your lost wallet?
8．There were many occasions (时刻) when the team could win，but they were not so lucky.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．His arguments sound convinced but they're only based on theory.
convinced→convincing
2．Those who are content to their present situations will surely make no more advances in life.to→with
3．He went to the direction of the village，for the children wanted to draw pictures under his direction.第一个to→in
4．With the electricity being cut off，all the machines had to stop working.being去掉
5．We shouldn't complain about being poor because many families are much badly off than we are.badly→worse
6．One of natives speaks English fluently as if he is an Englishman.is→were
7．I find it quite astonished that none of you like the play.astonished→astonishing
8．The mother asked her son to behave himself in that occasion.in→on
Ⅲ.教材与语法填空
As 1.an outstanding humourous actor，Charlie Chaplin brightened the lives of Americans and British during the period of 2.silent (silence) films.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content 3.with their lives.
His charming character，the little tramp，was well－known all over the world.It was a poor and 4.homeless (home) person wearing large trousers，worn-out shoes 5.and a small round black hat，and 6.carrying (carry) a walking stick. Social failure as the little tramp was，he was loved by all the people for his optimism and determination 7.to overcome (overcome) all difficulties and being kind to others when they were unkind to him.In the famous film The Gold Rush，Chaplin 8.managed (manage) to make the sad situation 9.entertaining (entertain) by using nonverbal humour-eating a boiled shoe.
Such is Charlie Chaplin，loved and remembered as a great actor 10.who could inspire people with great confidence.
Ⅳ.教材与短文改错
Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camp in a mountainous area.Look up at the stars，Sherlock Holmes whispered，“Watson，when you look at that beautifully sky，what do you think of？”Watson replied to，“I think of how short life and how long the universe has lasted.” “No，no Watson！”Holmes said.“What do you really think of？”Watson tried again.“I think we are much smaller comparing with the sky.”“Try again，Watson！”said Holmes.Watson tried the third time.“I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be on their beds.”Holmes joking said，“Watson，you should be thinking that someone has stole our tent！”
答案：
Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went in a mountainous area. up at the stars，Sherlock Holmes whispered，“Watson，when you look at that sky，what do you think of？”Watson replied to ，“I think of how short life and how long the universe has lasted.”“No，no，Watson！”Holmes said.“What do you really think of？” Watson tried again.“I think we are much smaller with the sky.”“Try again，Watson！” said Holmes.Watson tried third time.“I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be their beds.”Holmes said，“Watson，you should be thinking that someone has our tent！”
Ⅴ.话题微写作
1．有时，我们会见到一些在社会上很失败的人。
2．他们对生活不满意，不想去克服困难。
3．他们中有些人很抑郁，不和外界接触。
4．还有些人穷困潦倒，以致无家可归。
5．我们应该使他们信服生活是美好的。
Sometimes，we see some social failures who are never content with society and never think of overcoming difficulties.Some of them are depressed and cut off from the world.Some are so badly off that they become homeless.We should convince them that life is wonderful.