2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book1Unit5　NelsonMandela—amodernhero

Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero


1．Actually, only by getting moving and constantly adjusting the plan can we achieve our final goal.
事实上，只有不断地行动，不断地调整计划，我们才能达到我们的最终目标。
2．Whenever we talk about the Dragon Boat Festival, we can't help thinking of Qu Yuan, a great patriotic poet in the Warring States Period.
每当提到端午节，我们都情不自禁想到屈原，战国时期一个伟大的爱国诗人。
3．When it comes to great educators, Confucius should be put in the first place, who was a famous thinker, educator and philosopher in Chinese history, adding colourful elements to Chinese culture.
谈到伟大的教育家，孔子应该排在首位，他是中国历史上一位著名的思想家、教育家和哲学家，丰富了中华灿烂的文明。
4．As for my favourite figure in Chinese history, it must be Wei Yuan, a great thinker in the late Qing Dynasty.
至于我最喜欢的中国历史人物，那一定是魏源，晚清时期一个伟大的思想家。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)quality (n.) 质量；品质；性质→quantity (形近词) (n.) 数量
(2)active (adj.) 积极的；活跃的→actively (adv.) 积极地→activity (n.) 活动
(3)devote (vt.) 献身；专心于→devoted (adj.) 忠实的；深爱的→devotion (n.) 关爱；奉献；忠诚
(4)vote (vt.& vi.) 投票；选举 (n.) 投票；选票；表决→voter (n.) 投票人；选举人
(5)attack (vt.) 进攻；攻击；抨击 (n.) 攻击；抨击；疾病发作→attach (形近词) (vt.) 把……附(在……上)；重视
(6)equal (adj.) 相等的；平等的→equality (n.) 平等；相等→equally (adv.) 同样地；相等地；公平地→unequal (adj.) 不平等的；不公平的
(7)escape (vt.& vi.) 逃脱；逃走；避开；泄漏→escaped (adj.) 逃跑了的
(8)educate (vt.) 教育；训练→educated (adj.) 受过教育的；有教养的→education (n.) 教育→educator (n.) 教育工作者→educational (adj.) 教育的；有关教育的
(9)beg (vi.) 请求；乞求→begged (过去式/过去分词)→beggar (n.) 乞丐
(10)reward (n.) 报酬；奖金 (vt.) 酬劳；奖赏→rewarding (adj.) 值得的；有益的；有回报的
(11)opinion (n.) 意见；看法；主张
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)mean (adj.) 吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的
(2)found (vt.) 建立；建设
(3)peaceful (adj.) 和平的；平静的；安宁的
(4)hopeful (adj.) 怀有希望的；有希望的
(5)violence (n.) 暴力；暴行
(6)unfair (adj.) 不公正的；不公平的
(7)relative (n.) 亲戚；亲属
(8)terror (n.) 恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动
(9)cruelty (n.) 残忍；残酷
(10)president (n.) 总统；会长；校长；行长

　[单句语法填空]
1.I believe my ________ (educate) and experience will prove I am qualified for the work in your company.
答案：education
2．Fortunately, Natalie's family ________ (escape) to Brooklyn shortly before the city's bridges closed.
答案：escaped

3．It was by ________ (vote) that they made the decision who would be the vice president of the English club in our school.
答案：voting
4．Parents should ________ (active) urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.
答案：actively
5．To be honest, there are many learned teachers who are always ________ (devote) to their teaching work in our school.
答案：devoted
6．She hoped the different racial groups in the area could live together in ________ (peace) co­existence.
答案：peaceful
7．Under his teacher's ________ (guide), he has developed into an accomplished pianist.
答案：guidance
8．Learning to deal with the social world is ________ (equal) important.
答案：equally
9．Whenever people around got into trouble, they were ________ (will) to turn to her for help, which made her into a person respected by all her neighbors.
答案：willing
10．The driver declared guilty may be fined a maximum of HK$25,000 and ________ (sentence) to up to 3 years in prison.
答案：sentenced

联想积累
1．表示“人物特点”的形容词全扫描
①active 积极的；活跃的
②generous 慷慨的
③warm­hearted 热心肠的
④creative 富有创造力的
⑤devoted 有献身精神的
⑥energetic 有活力的
⑦enthusiastic 充满热情的
⑧ambitious 有雄心壮志的
2．后缀“­ent”形容词与“­ence”名词大集合
①violent 暴力的　violence 暴力
②silent 沉默的　silence 沉默
③different 不同的　difference 差异
④patient 有耐心的　patience 耐心
⑤confident 自信的　confidence 信心
⑥evident 明显的　evidence 证据
⑦intelligent 聪明的　intelligence 智力
⑧independent 独立的　independence 独立


1．out_of_work 失业
2．as_a_matter_of_fact 事实上
3．in_trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中
4．turn_to 求助于
5．lose_heart 丧失勇气或信心
6．come to power 上台；当权
7．set up 建立；设立
8．be sentenced to 被判处……(徒刑)
9．blow up 使充气；爆炸
10．in one's opinion 在某人看来

　[选词填空]
devote to， in trouble， turn to， lose heart， set up， as a matter of fact
1．He was a loving father because he was strict with his daughter and encouraged her when she was ________.
答案：in trouble
2．I feel that I've been given a second life to ________ something that is meaningful and enormous.
答案：devote to
3．In 1963 the UN ________ the World Food Programme, one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
答案：set up
4．I still want to have my parents to ________ whenever I need help.
答案：turn to
5．You shouldn't________ even if you are in the face of difficulty. Instead, you should keep trying.
答案：lose heart
6．________， doing sports can teach us to be considerate, cooperative and optimistic.
答案：As a matter of fact

联想积累
1．“动词＋to”短语荟萃
①devote ... to 致力于；献身于　②object to 反对
③refer to 谈到；涉及；参阅 ④point to 指向
⑤turn to 求助于
⑥stick/hold/keep to 坚持；忠于
⑦see to 处理；料理 ⑧come to 共计
⑨belong to 属于
⑩attend to 处理；专心于；照料
⑪add to 增添 ⑫agree to 同意
2．“out of＋名词”短语大全
①out of work 失业
②out of breath 上气不接下气
③out of condition 身体不好；情况欠佳
④out of control 失去控制
⑤out of danger 脱离危险
⑥out of date 过时的
⑦out of debt 不欠债
⑧out of luck 运气不好；不凑巧
⑨out of mind 心不在焉
⑩out of order 次序紊乱；损坏了



课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我感觉很糟。
the first time “第一次”，可以引导时间状语从句。every time/each time“每一次”，也可以引导时间状语从句。
______________________________________ (第一次遇见) the craftsman, I was deeply impressed by his exquisite craftsmanship.

答案：The first time I came across

直击重点 突破考点

①devote　vt. 献身；专心于(P33)

(1)单句语法填空
①In fact, my granny devoted most of her time ________ paper­cutting when young.
②________ (devote) to building our motherland into a strong country, he returned home after graduation.
③We were deeply moved by his ________ (devote) to the cause of education.
答案：①to　②Devoted　③devotion
(2)单句改错
Donald Trump also held a town hall meeting devoting to health care in southwestern Virginia.
__________________________________________________________________
答案：devoting→devoted


(1)devote ... to ... 把……奉献于……
devote oneself to 献身于；致力于
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的；关于……的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于某事；奉献于某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚

②equal　adj. 相等的；平等的；胜任的　n. 同等的人；相等物　v. 等于；抵得上(P34)

单句写作
①All people ____________， deserving the same rights as each other.
所有人都是平等的，应享有同等权利。
②He sets a good example to us. As an all­around athlete, he ____________.
他给我们树立了好榜样。作为一个全能运动员，他无与伦比。
答案：①are equal　②has no equal


(1)be equal to ＋ n．/doing 等于；与……相等；胜任
be equal in 在……方面相等
be equal with 与……平等
(2)A equals B (in ... ) A(在……方面)比得上B
be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比；无敌
(3)equality n. 平等
equally adv. 相等地；同等地；均等；同样

③escape　vt.& vi. 逃脱；逃走　n. 逃脱(P38)

(1)单句语法填空
①He was crossing the street when a man was driving fast towards him and he narrowly escaped ________ (kill)．
②To my relief, both children escaped unharmed ________ the burning building.
答案：①being killed　②from
(2)单句写作
The bullet missed about an inch, therefore, the rabbit had __________________.
子弹未击中兔子，仅差一英寸，因此兔子侥幸逃脱。
答案：a narrow escape


(1)escape from ... 从……逃脱
escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事
(2)a narrow escape 死里逃生
(3)escaped adj. 逃脱的

④reward　n. 报酬；奖金　vt. 酬劳；奖赏(P38)

单句语法填空
①The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will ________ (reward) with success in the end.
②When asked for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and __________ (reward)．
③He wanted to reward the cleaners ________ their efforts.
答案：①be rewarded　②rewarding　③for


(1)give/offer a reward to sb. for sth. 因某事给某人报酬(或赏金)
(2)reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事报答/奖赏某人
be rewarded (with sth.) 得到回报
(3)rewarding adj. 有益的；值得的；报酬高的

①in trouble 在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中(P35)

单句写作
①It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone ______________.
我们快要回家的时候，我才意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉多么美妙！
②No matter when you ________________ studying, please don't hesitate to ask for our help.
无论什么时候学习有困难，请不要犹豫，一定要来找我们帮忙。
③Some people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may __________________.
有些人总是坚持他们的主张，即使那意味着他们会陷入困境。
答案：①in trouble　②have trouble (in)　③get into trouble


get into trouble 陷入困境；惹麻烦
have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth. 做某事有困难/麻烦
take the trouble to do sth. 不怕费事/不辞劳苦做某事

②turn to 求助于；致力于(P35)

单句写作
①Whenever we have any difficulty, we can ____________ the teacher. She is always there to help.
每当遇到困难，我们可以求助老师。她总会提供帮助。
②Eventually I ______________ the offer given by a foreign university, choosing to study in my favorite university at home.
最后，我拒绝了国外大学的通知，选择在国内一所自己喜欢的大学学习。
③They ______________ to look after their sick father in hospital.
他们轮流照顾生病住院的父亲。
答案：①turn to　②turned down　③took turns


(1)turn to sb. for help 向某人求助
take turns to do ... /in doing ... 轮流做……
in turn 依次；逐个；相应地
by turns 轮流地；交替地
(2)turn down 关小；拒绝
turn away 拒绝……入内；把……打发走
turn up 出现；露面；调大
turn out 证明是；结果是；原来是
turn over 打翻；翻身；移交
turn ... into 把……变成

③lose heart 丧失勇气或信心(P37)

单句写作
①Though beaten by the opposite team, they didn't ________________.
虽然被对方球队击败，但他们没有丧失信心。
②There is an old saying like this, “Nothing is too hard if you _____________.”
俗话说，“心之所愿，无所不成。”
答案：①lose heart　②put your heart into it


(1)put one's heart into 一心扑在……上
learn sth. by heart 背诵；记牢某事
strike ... into sb./sb.'s heart 使……刻骨铭心
lose one's heart to sb. 爱上某人
(2)heart and soul 全心全意地
from the bottom of sb.'s heart 从心底；由衷地

①[教材原句]The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. (P34)
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。

单句语法填空
①The old tower ________ (witness) great changes of the village in the past two hundred years.
②The year 1959 ________ (see) the first appearance of a real flying ship in the world.
③Soon afterwards, we were sent to different families, ________ we enjoyed traditional English food, exchanging our ideas happily on familiar topics.
答案：①has witnessed　②saw　③where


(1)see, find, witness等动词，可以用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
(2)当先行词是stage, situation, case, point, position等词且从句缺少状语时，定语从句常用where或in which来引导，表示抽象的地点。

②[教材原句]He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. (P38)
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上我们本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。

单句语法填空
①As the smallest child of his family, Ales is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.
②Do you want to know the reason ________ I recommend climbing Mount Tai to you?
③The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.
④I still remember the day ________ which I first came to this school.
答案：①when/during which　②why/for which
③where/in which　④on


(1)此句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。
when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the lunch breaks and the evenings，并在从句中充当时间状语。
(2)定语从句除了由关系代词引导外，还可由关系副词when, where, why引导，它们在从句中作状语。

关系副词
用法
when
其先行词常常是表示时间的名词，如：time, day, hour, year等，when代替先行词在从句中作时间状语
where
其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如：place, room, house, street, area等， where在从句中代替先行词作地点状语
why
常用在先行词reason后，代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，也可用for which来代替


选择关系副词作关系词的原则是：从句中不缺少主语、宾语或表语，然后根据先行词表示的时间，地点和原因来确定when, where, why。

课文回练 升华运用
Do you know the __1__ (form) president of South Africa, Nelson Mandela? He fought for the black people and was __2__ prison for nearly thirty years. He helped black people get the equal rights with white people.
Elias had little education. Because his family couldn't afford __3__ (pay) the school fees, he had to drop out of school. Then he found a job in a gold mine and he worried about __4__ he would be out of work. It was during this difficult period of time __5__ he met Nelson Mandela for the first time, who was a black lawyer and offered __6__ (guide) to poor black people on their legal problems.
At that time, black people had no rights __7__ (vote) and their life was decided by the whites. Nelson Mandela said to Elias that they were put in a position __8__ they had either to accept they were less important, or fight the government. So he decided to use __9__ (violent). Though Elias didn't like violence, he helped Nelson Mandela blow up some government buildings. He knew it was dangerous to do it, but he also knew it was to realize their dream of making black and white people __10__ (equal)．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.former　2.in　3.to pay　4.whether　5.that　6.guidance　7.to vote　8.where　9.violence　10.equal
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Now their peace talks have reached a key stage ________ one side must give in to the other.
答案：where　当先行词是case, position, stage等抽象名词，且引导词在从句中作状语，表示地点时，定语从句使用关系副词where来引导。
2．From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and ________ (devote)．
答案：devotion　由“teamwork and”可知，此处填名词devotion “奉献；忠诚”，作宾语。
3．When an animal is ________ attack it can run away or fight back.
答案：under　under attack “受到攻击”。
4．She started singing to the baby and ________ (reward) with a smile.
答案：was rewarded　reward sb. with a smile “对某人报以微笑”，根据句意可知，此处应为被动语态。
5．No one will escape ________ (punish) if he breaks the school rules.
答案：being punished　escape being punished “免于惩处”。
6．For one thing, I'm good at English, so I have no difficulty ________ (communicate) with students from other countries.
答案：communicating　have no difficulty doing “做某事没有困难”。
7．He hated ________ (cruel) and could never cause physical pain to any man or even to any animal.
答案：cruelty　空格前是动词，此处用名词形式作宾语。
8．Your teacher can give you ________ (guide) on choosing a career and writing a job application.
答案：guidance　give sb. guidance on ... “给某人关于……的指导或建议”，故此处填名词guidance “指导”。
9．________ (educate) usually refers to teaching people various subjects, usually at a school or college.
答案：Education　此处应用名词education “教育”作主语。
10．The young man was sentenced to ________ (die) for killing a middle school student.
答案：death　be sentenced to death “被判死刑”。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．Although he was ________________ (失业), he decided to start a new business instead of losing heart.
答案：out of work
2．__________________ (事实上), feeling unconfident and nervous is the main reason for failing the exam.
答案：As a matter of fact
3．________________________， you'd better turn to your teacher for help.
当你遇到麻烦时，你最好向你的老师求助。
答案：When you are in trouble
4．__________________________________________________________________
我认为，我们应该养成健康的饮食习惯。(in one's opinion)
答案：In my opinion, we should develop healthy eating habits.
5．__________________________________________________________________
上学期我们成立了英语社团，使大家有机会展示自己的才艺。
答案：Last term, we set up an English Society, allowing us to display our talents.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·广东省肇庆市高中毕业班第一次检测)I was the middle child of three, but there was a gap of five years on either side, and I hardly saw my father before I was eight. For this __1__ other reasons I was somewhat lonely. I had the lonely child's habit of making up stories and __2__(hold)conversations with imaginary persons, and I think __3__ the very start my literary ambitions __4__ (mix) up with the feeling of being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a __5__ (nature) ability with words and a power of facing unpleasant facts, and I felt that this __6__ (create) a sort of private world __7__ I could get my own back for my failure in everyday life.
However, __8__ quantity of serious writing which I produced all through my childhood would not add up to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four or five, my mother taking it down to dictation. I cannot remember anything about __9__ except that it was about a tiger and the tiger had “chair­like teeth”—a good enough __10__ (express)．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己小时候喜欢写作的原因和感受。
1．and　考查连词。此处指“由于这样那样的原因”，故用连词and。
2．holding　考查非谓语动词。此处和making并列作of的宾语，也用动词­ing形式，故填holding。
3．from　考查介词。句意：我想从一开始我的文学抱负就与被孤立和被低估的感觉交织在一起。表示“从……”，故填from。from the very start “从开始”。
4．were mixed　考查动词的时态和语态。句中“my literary ambitions”和动词“mix”是被动关系，宾语从句的谓语用被动语态。与全文时态一致用一般过去时，主语是复数，故填were mixed。
5．natural　考查词性转换。此处修饰名词ability用形容词，故填形容词natural。
6．created　考查动词的时态。句意：我觉得这创造了一种私人世界。在宾语从句中作谓语，根据主句时态felt和全文时态一致，用一般过去时，故填created。
7．where　考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词world，且在定语从句中作地点状语，指在这个世界，用关系副词引导，故填where。
8．the　考查冠词。此处特指认真写作的量，用定冠词the，故填the。
9．it　考查代词。此处指代上句的“my first poem”，用单数代词it。
10．expression　考查词性转换。此处a good enough修饰名词，指“一种足够好的表达”，故填expression。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.
答案：
During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.
难项分析：
第六处：which前加in或which→where　考查定语从句的引导词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，且关系词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。
第七处：sell→selling　考查非谓语动词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。
第十处：but→and　考查连词。“我”计划每两年回来一次，他同意了。此处是顺承关系，故将but改成and。

课时作业
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·天津高考)I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some __1__ station.
The __2__ moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the __3__ of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver's license, the cash, all lost to the bus.
Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband __4__ it while I was on the phone in the dining room. “Does Jennifer live here？” I heard a lady say. In my husband's hand was my wallet, with not a penny __5__. She left before I could __6__ make it to the door to offer my thanks.
After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who __7__ the lady as Erin Smith. Without __8__， I called to thank her. She said she __9__ my wallet on a bus seat. She __10__ that going to a stranger's house was a __11__ move, but she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that __12__， I would want someone to try to find me，” she said.
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small __13__， but she actually wasn't the only one. Right after Erin __14__ my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum (论坛), trying to see __15__ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face. I've never __16__ words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that's not how the people I __17__ tend to act.
__18__， I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone __19__ what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely __20__.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位素不相识的女士在公交车上捡到作者的钱包，并根据钱包内的信息在寒冷的黑夜把钱包送到作者家中的故事。
1．A.accessible B．hidden
C．unknown D．convenient
答案：C　这里表示公交车正驶向某一个未知的(unknown)车站，因此选C。
2．A.face­saving B．brain­washing
C．eye­catching D．heart­stopping
答案：D　前文中作者发现自己钱包丢失的时候感到害怕(fear seized me)，复合形容词heart­stopping表示“令人非常害怕的”，与前文的fear在含义上是一致的，因此选D。face­saving “保全面子的”；brain­washing “洗脑的”；eye­catching “引人注目的”。
3．A.parts B．contents
C．details D．ingredients
答案：B　由后面提到的信用卡、驾照和现金可知，这里指作者在想，要把那个小钱包里的东西都更换需要花多少时间和金钱。这里用contents表示“所容纳之物”，指作者丢失的钱包里装的那些物品。
4．A.ignored B．answered
C．examined D．interrupted
答案：B　根据下文内容可知，这里指作者在餐厅打电话的时候有人来敲门，作者的丈夫去开(answer)的门，因此选B。
5．A.missing B．returned
C．remaining D．abandoned
答案：A　根据下文的陈述可知，此处表示“一分钱都没有少”，形容词missing“丢失的”符合题意。
6．A.still B．ever
C．yet D．even
答案：D　此处表示还没等作者到门口对来送钱包的人道谢，对方就已经走了，用副词even强调出乎意料。
7．A.selected B．appointed
C．identified D．defined
答案：C　当作者在网上分享了这个故事之后，她收到了某个人的来信，这个人确认了(identify)那位女士是Erin Smith。
8．A.delay B．alarm
C．regret D．invitation
答案：A　当作者知道捡到自己的钱包并送到自己家的这位女士是谁之后，就毫不犹豫地给对方打电话表示感谢。without delay “毫不耽搁地”，符合此处的语境。
9．A.moved B．placed
C．opened D．spotted
答案：D　根据语境“在公交车的座位上”判断选spotted，表示“看见，发现”。
10．A.disagreed B．complained
C．calculated D．recommended
答案：C　由文章最后一段中的“on a bitterly cold night”可知，那天晚上非常冷。同时，Erin又不认识作者，由此推知，对方当时在考虑是否要把钱包送到失主家，因此用calculate表示“预测，估计”。
11．A.selfless B．risky
C．slow D．personal
答案：B　下文中短语take the chance表示“冒险”，由此可知，这里说的是她觉得到陌生人的家里去会有点儿危险，因此选B项。
12．A.site B．direction
C．situation D．atmosphere
答案：C　Erin在为失主设身处地地考虑，用in that situation表示“处于那种境遇”，因此选C。
13．A.crisis B．danger
C．threat D．failure
答案：A　本空指前文提到的作者丢失钱包这件事，从前文的fear判断这里用crisis表示“危机，危难”。
14．A.got rid of B．made use of
C．had control of D．took possession of
答案：D　Erin在公交车上捡到作者丢失的钱包，因此用take possession of表示“拥有”。get rid of “摆脱”；make use of “利用”；have control of “控制”。
15．A.if B．where
C．how D．when
答案：A　这里用if引导宾语从句：Erin把作者的驾照照片发布到网上论坛中，看看是否有人认识作者。
16．A.recalled B．exchanged
C．repeated D．whispered
答案：B　作者跟那些妈妈们除了闲聊之外从来没有深入地交谈过。exchange words表示“交流，交谈”。
17．A.encounter B．follow
C．consult D．accompany
答案：A　作者遇到的这些人与前面提到的那些人不一样，用动词encounter表示“遇到，遭遇”。
18．A.Going away B．Turning around
C．Looking back D．Coming along
答案：C　作者在这里发表自己的感慨，用look back表示“回顾”。
19．A.into B．against
C．over D．beyond
答案：D　go beyond表示“超出，超越”。句意：Erin的所作所为已经超越了几乎任何人都会做的事情。
20．A.longing B．enthusiastic
C．concerned D．grateful
答案：D　由上文提到的“offer my thanks”和“called to thank her”可知，作者心存感激，因此选grateful。
Ⅱ.阅读理解

(2020·河南省焦作市高三定位考试)Brian Hamilton's life changed in a prison when he was accompanying his friend, Reverend Robert J. Harris, who often went to local prisons to do his work. During the visit, Hamilton started talking to one of the prisoners and asked what he was going to do when he got out.
“He said he was going to get a job，” Hamilton recalls (回忆). “I thought to myself, wow, that's going to be difficult with a criminal background.”
The conversation made Hamilton consider how prisoners could benefit from entrepreneurship,_something he thought about for years. Finally in 2008, 16 years after that initial conversation, Hamilton created Inmates to Entrepreneurs, a nonprofit organization that helps people with criminal backgrounds start their own small businesses. “Harris and I taught our first course at a prison called ‘How to Start Your Own Business When You Get Out’，” he recalls.
At the time, Hamilton was building his own company, Sageworks. As Sageworks grew, so did Hamilton's time spent teaching at prisons throughout North Carolina.
Eventually, Hamilton decided it was time to change his focus to his true passion. In May 2018, he sold his stake (股份) in Sageworks, focusing his commitment on Inmates to Entrepreneurs.
“Now, anyone is able to access the curriculum, either to become an instructor to go into prisons to teach it or to access it for themselves as a prisoner or part of the general population，” Hamilton explains. In addition, he visits middle schools and presents the curriculum to at­risk students as a preventative measure against crime.
The free curriculum is funded by the recently established Brian Hamilton Foundation, which offers assistance to military members as they adjust to civilian life and provides loans to small businesses. “We're giving prisoners something they can do independent of a system that isn't working for them. If you can let people know that other people care about them, it makes a difference.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章叙述了Brian Hamilton成功创业的故事，Hamilton创建了“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”这个组织，这是一个帮助有犯罪背景的人创业的非营利组织。
1．Why did Brian Hamilton think the prisoner couldn't easily find a job after getting out?
A．He didn't have any special skills.
B．He would have his criminal background with him.
C．He would break the criminal law again and again.
D．He couldn't access the courses provided by the prison.
答案：B　细节理解题。由第二段中的“I thought to myself, wow, that's going to be difficult with a criminal background.”可知，Brian Hamilton心想，有犯罪背景的人找工作是很难的。故选B项。
2．What does the underlined word “entrepreneurship” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Thinking of a good idea after working hard for years.
B．Trying one's best because of being kept in a small place.
C．Making money by starting or running one's own businesses.
D．Having a job in a profitable company owned by the government.
答案：C　词义猜测题。由第三段中的“The conversation made Hamilton consider how prisoners could benefit from entrepreneurship, something he thought about for years ... a nonprofit organization that helps people with criminal backgrounds start their own small businesses.”可知，这次谈话让Hamilton开始思考囚犯如何从创业中获益，这是他多年来一直在思考的问题。Hamilton创建了一个名为“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”的组织，这是一个帮助有犯罪背景的人创业的非营利组织。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，第3段中划线的“entrepreneurship”一词是指通过创办或经营自己的企业来赚钱。故选C项。
3．What does the text say about Inmates to Entrepreneurs?
A．It often assists military members.
B．It provides loans to small businesses.
C．It's independent of the social system.
D．Its curriculum has been largely broadened.
答案：D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“Now, anyone is able to access the curriculum ... In addition, he visits middle schools and presents the curriculum to at­risk students as a preventative measure against crime. The free curriculum is funded by the recently established Brian Hamilton Foundation”可知，现在，任何人都可以使用这些课程。此外，Hamilton还走访了一些中学，并将课程介绍给有犯罪风险的学生，作为预防犯罪的一项措施。这项免费课程由最近成立的布莱恩汉密尔顿基金会(Brian Hamilton Foundation)资助。所以通过课程的使用人群的范围可以判断出，“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”组织的课程已经得到了很大地扩展。故选D项。
4．What is the main idea of the text?
A．A man made a fruitless visit to the prison.
B．A man sold his business to teach prisoners.
C．A man realized his dream of being a teacher.
D．A man successfully created two organizations.
答案：B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章叙述了Brian Hamilton成功创业的故事， Hamilton创建了“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”这个帮助有犯罪背景的人创业的非营利组织。与此同时，Hamilton还建立自己的公司Sageworks。2018年他卖掉了Sageworks的股份，一心投到“Inmates to Entrepreneurs”中来，去教犯人如何去创业。所以文章主要讲述了一个男人卖了他的企业去教囚犯如何创业的事情。故选B项。

(2020·内蒙古自治区奋斗中学高三月考)I remember watching TV and seeing other children suffer in other parts of the world when I was a very little child. I would talk to myself, “When I grow up, when I can become rich, I'll save kids all over the world.”
At the age of 17, I began my career here in America, and by 18, I started my first charity organization. I went on to team up with other organizations in the following years, and met, helped, and even lost some of the most beautiful souls, from six­year­old Jasmina Anema who passed away in 2010 from leukemia (白血病)—her story inspired thousands to volunteer as donors, to 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF). We're all human. And we all just want a chance: a chance at life, a chance in education, a chance at a future, really. And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.
People make it seem too hard to do charity work. The truth is, you don't have to be rich to help others. You don't need to be famous. You don't even have to be college­educated. But it starts with your neighbor, the person right next to you, the person sitting next to you in class, the kid down the block in your neighborhood. You just do whatever you can to help in any way that you can. And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person, one organization, one situation that touches your heart. My grandmother always used to say, “If you've got a dollar, there's plenty to share.”
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者年少时立志长大帮助遭受痛苦的孩子们。长大后，作者兑现诺言做慈善工作，并号召人们做力所能及的事来帮助周围的人。
5．What did the author want to do at a young age?
A．Watch TV. B．Help other children.
C．Become wealthy. D．Grow up quickly.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“at a young age”以及第一段第二句“I would say to myself, ‘When I grow up, when I can become rich, I will save kids all over the world.’”可知作者小时候想帮助其他孩子。故选B。
6．Which of the following directly caused the author to create and develop the CLF?
A．A six­year­old kid's request.
B．Many volunteers' inspiration for it.
C．Her grandmother's death of cancer.
D．Other organizations' encouragement.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“to 2012 when my grandmother lost her battle with cancer, which is the very reason and the driving force behind the Clara Lionel Foundation (CLF)”可知，祖母的逝世是作者创办和发展CLF的直接动力。故选C。
7．What does the underlined word “one” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．A life. B．A chance.
C．A task. D．An organization.
答案：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“And at CLF, our mission is to impact as many lives as possible, but it starts with just one.”可知，该组织的使命是影响尽可能多的生命，但是这需要从影响一个生命开始。由此可推知，one指代的是前面提到的many lives中的一个。故选A。
8．What does the author suggest people do in the last paragraph?
A．Do charity work when you are rich.
B．Challenge their friends to offer help.
C．Work very hard to get a college education.
D．Do little things to help those around them.
答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“But it starts with your neighbor ... in your neighborhood.”和“You just do whatever you can to help in any way that you can. And today, I want to challenge each of you to make a commitment to help one person, one organization, one situation that touches your heart.”可知，作者建议人们可以从小事做起，做力所能及的事来帮助周围的人。故选D。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2019·贵州省遵义航天高级中学第一次模拟)Mr and Mrs Zhang all work in our school. They live far away from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. They have also bought for some gardening tools. Beside, they often get some useful informations from the Internet. When summer came, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!
答案：
Mr and Mrs Zhang ／all work in our school. They live far away from the school, and it takes them about hour and a half to go to work every day. In their spare time, they are in planting vegetables in their garden, is on the rooftop of their house. They often get up and water the vegetables together. They have also bought some gardening tools. ， they often get some useful from the Internet. When summer ， they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables！
1.all→both或去掉all　考查代词。因为主语是两个人，所以用both表示“两者都”，而all则表示“三者或三者以上的全部”。此处将all去掉也可以。
2.a→an/one　考查冠词。因为hour的发音以元音音素开头，所以其前用an。此处也可用one表示数量“一”。
3.interesting→interested　考查形容词。因为是描述主语they的心理状态，所以使用be interested in “对……感兴趣的”。
4.that→which　考查定语从句的引导词。此处是非限制性定语从句，且关系代词在从句中作主语，指代主句中的garden，所以用which来引导。that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句。
5.earlier→early　考查副词。此处没有比较的含义，所以用early的原级。
6.去掉for　考查动词的用法。buy为及物动词，其后直接跟宾语，而buy sth. for sb.意为“为某人买某物”。
7.Beside→Besides　考查副词。beside为介词，意为“在……旁边”，而besides为副词，意为“此外；另外”。根据上下文可知，此处表示“另外，他们还从网上获取一些信息”，故用Besides。
8.informations→information　考查名词。information为不可数名词，无复数形式。
9.came→comes　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据主句中的“they will”可知，此处应遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句使用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时；从句的主语summer表示单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
10.students后加to　考查非谓语动词。invite sb. to do sth.意为“邀请某人做某事”。