2019年高考英语（人教版）一轮总复习教师用书：第二部分专题十 二、特殊句式
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二、特殊句式
[全国卷考情分析]
题型分类 | 典题试做 | 命题解读 |
语法填空 | 1.(2016年全国卷Ⅱ)It could be anything－gardening，cooking，music，sports－but whatever it is，make(make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 2．(2015年湖南高考)It was when we were returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. | 在语法填空中强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点，在语法填空中出现的概率较大。此外，状语从句中的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考考查的重点项目。 |
短文改错 | 1.(2017年山东青岛一中模拟)I had trouble overcoming my addiction to alcohol，and so was→did my friend Mike. 2．(2017年湖南师大附中检测)It is the stable and comfortable life where→that has destroyed the young man's ambition to be a great explorer. | 1.倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用； 2．强调句型中it或that的误用； 3．感叹句中what和how 的误用； 4．祈使句中动词原形的误用； 5．there be句型中be动词单复数的误用。 |
(对应学生用书第274页)
倒装句 |
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015年天津高考)Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
【导学号：65670197】
2．(2017年渭南一模)On the top of the hill stands(stand) a temple where the old man once lived.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(福建高考)Not until he went through real hardship he realize the love we have for our families is important.在hardship后加did
[再解读要点]
1．完全倒装
表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here，there，now，then，up，down，away，off，in，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。
(重庆高考)At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing，one of the ten largest cities in China.在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。
2．部分倒装
(1)否定副词(never，neither，nor，hardly，little，seldom，rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time，by no means，on no condition，in no case等)置于句首时。
(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时。
(3)so/neither＋ 助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语 意为“……也是如此/也不……”。
(4)在not only...but (also)．..句型中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。
(5)not until...置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
(6)so...that...和such...that...句式中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。
(2016年江苏高考)Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。
(湖南高考)Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.
他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。
强调句 |
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2016年天津高考)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.
2．(2015年重庆高考)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
Ⅱ.单句改错
(四川高考)Was it because Jack came late for school which Mr.Smith got angry?
which→that
[再解读要点]
1．陈述句式：It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋...that/who...?
特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋ it＋ that...?
(2017年天津高考) It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。
(四川高考)Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down?
他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗？
2．“not...until...”的强调句：It is/was not until...that...(注意时态)
(湖南高考)It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。
易错警示
强调谓语动词，用do/does/did＋动词原形。该结构只用于肯定句，并且只有一般现在时和一般过去时。
其他常考特殊句式 |
[先试做题组]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2015年北京高考)If accepted(accept) for the job，you'll be informed soon.
2．(2017年山西太原调研)There seems to be much more support for the new policy among college students than among officials.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2017年福建质检)Failing for the first time has made him come to know what important a second chance is.what→how
【导学号：65670198】
2．Standing on the top of the tower and you'll enjoy the scenery of the whole city.Standing→Stand
[再解读要点]
一、省略
1．状语从句的省略
当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/不定式。
(湖南高考)Children，when accompanied by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.
当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。
2．不定式的省略
(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect，hope，intend，mean，try，want，wish等词后。
(2016年江苏高考)Firstly，people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.
首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。
(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，要省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。
(陕西高考)If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
3．特殊的省略结构：if省略结构
if so如果这样的话
if not如果不是这样的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if necessary如果有必要的话
if possible如果可能的话
if any如果有的话
二、感叹句
1．what引导的感叹句
(1)What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！
(2)What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！
2．how引导的感叹句
(1)How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！
(2)How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！
(3)How＋主语＋谓语！
(辽宁高考)What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.
这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。
The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
三、祈使句
祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。
(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。
(2017年北京东城期末)Do your homework before you watch TV.
看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。
(2)祈使句表示假设的情况。
①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句
②名词词组(多含有more，another)＋and＋简单句
(全国大纲卷)Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.
明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。
Start out right away，or we'll miss the first train.
立刻出发，否则的话，我们将要错过首班车。
四、there be句型
(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live，remain，stand，lie，exist，seem to be，appear to be，happen to be，used to be等替换。
There have been many great changes in our country since then.
自从那时起我国发生了很多大的变化。
Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。
(2)there be句型的常考句型：
There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事
There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难
There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能性
[技法点拨]
特殊句式与语法填空 | 特殊句式与短文改错 |
1.注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式； 2．根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当的词。 | 遇到特殊句式，要注意倒装句、强调句、省略句、祈使句、感叹句等的构成特点，从而确定错因。 |
