高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness一等奖教案

Section Ⅲ　Grammar——附加疑问句

一、附加疑问句的组成

附加疑问句包括陈述部分和附加疑问部分。附加疑问部分一般由助动词、be动词或情态动词和表示主语的代词构成。

二、反意疑问句的几种特殊句型

(一)陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句

当must作“必须”讲时，其反意疑问部分用needn't；当含有mustn't(不允许、禁止)时，其反意疑问部分用must/may。如：

You must go now，needn't you?

你现在必须走，是吗？

You mustn't smoke here，must/may you?

你不可以在此吸烟，行吗？

当must/may(might)表示推测，即must作“一定，准时”讲，may/might作“可能”讲时，可首先将句子改变“I am sure/guess that从句”，反意疑问部分的动词形式根据be sure/guess后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。如：

1．You must/may(might)be hungry now，        ？→I am sure/guess that you are hungry now，aren't you？→You must/may (might)be hungry now，aren't you?

你现在一定/可能饿了，是吗？

2．You must have heard about it，        ？→I am sure that you have heard about it，haven't you？→You must have heard about it，haven't you?

你一定听说过这事了，是吗？

3．You must have watched that football match last night，        ？→I am sure that you watched that football match last night，didn't you→You must have watched that football match last night，didn't you?

你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了，是吗？(陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语last night)

(二)陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句

其反意疑问部分用usedn't或didn't均可。如：

You used to sleep with the windows open，usedn't/didn't you?

你过去经常开着窗户睡觉，是吗？

(三)陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句

其反意疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't均可。如：

He ought to attend the lecture，oughtn't/shouldn't he?

他应该去听这个演讲，是吗？

(四)陈述部分含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句

当陈述部分带有seldom，hardly，scarcely，never，few，little，nothing，nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：

He could hardly walk without a stick，could he?

没有拐杖他几乎不能走路，是吗？

(五)如果陈述部分含有由表示“否定”意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如：

Tom dislikes playing tennis，doesn't he?

汤姆不喜欢打网球，是吗？

It's unfair，isn't  it?

那不公平，不是吗？

(六)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句

(1)当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语与助动词常和主句保持一致。如：

He said that he would come to my birthday party，didn't he?

他说他要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？

(2)陈述部分的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine，且主语为第一人称时，疑问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致；陈述部分的主语为第二、三人称时，后面的反问部分的主语和时态与陈述部分的主语、时态一致。如：

I don't believe he will succeed，will he?

我认为他不会成功，会吗？

Tom doesn't believe Jane will succeed，does he?

汤姆不相信简会成功，对吗？

(七)祈使句的反意疑问句

祈使句后的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气。其结构为：

(1)否定祈使句，＋will you?

(2)肯定祈使句，＋will/won't you?

(3)Let's...，＋shall we?

(4)Let us...，＋will/won't you?

(5)Let＋第三人称．..，＋will you？如：

Open the door，will/won't you？打开门，好吗？

Let's go out for a walk，shall we？我们出去散步，好吗？

Let us go home now，will/won't you?

现在，(您)让我们回家，好吗？

(八)回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则

1．不管是主句为否定，还是附加问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You aren't a teacher，are you？或You are a teacher，aren't you？时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes，I am.否则，No，I am not.

2．要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不会出现类似于Yes，I don't.或No，I do.的形式。

(九)附加问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况

三、附加疑问句的回答

附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。如：

(1)A：The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing，weren't they?

B：Yes，they were.(Yes，that's right.)

(2)A：Michael Jordan started to play basketball in college，didn't he?

B：No，he didin't.He first played in a team in senior high school.

(3)A：David has been to a boxing match，hasn't he?

B：No，he hasn't.He always watches boxing on TV.

(4)A：You can't cook，can you?

B：Yes，I can.I'm good at cooking.

四、附加疑问部分的读法

陈述部分一般用降调，而附加疑问部分既可用升调也可用降调，但含义有所不同。通常情况下，用升调时，多表示疑问或请求；用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。如：

The school team have won the gold medal，haven't they?

The school team have won the gold medal，haven't they?

Ⅰ.写出下列句中的反意疑问句(部分)

1．To see is to believe，isn't it?

2．That is your book，isn't it?

3．These are your friends，aren't they?

4．Something has gone wrong with the machine，hasn't it?

5．Learning a language will take a lot of time，won't it?

6．There should be no problem，should there?

7．There used to be a school here，didn't/usedn't there?

8．Please clean the classroom，John，will/won't you?

9．Let's have a break，shall we?

10．Mr White doesn't believe his son can design a car，does he?

Ⅱ.单句语法填空

1．You must be nervous now，aren't you?

2．They must have heard about it，haven't they?

3．You must have watched the TV programme last month，didn't you?

4．I guess he will come to the party，won't he?

5．They think you should come along with them，don't they?

6．—You haven't been here long，have you?

—No，I haven't.I am a newcomer here.

7．Let us have a walk after supper，will you?

8．Let's go shopping，shall we?

9．—You aren't a student，are you?

—Yes，I am.

10．The girl dislikes playing football，doesn't she?