2020版高考英语总复习Unit1Alandofdiversity教学案新人教版选修8

Unit 1　A land of diversity

Step 1　课前准备——单元考点　自查自测

1.词汇分层级识记过关　2.语境活用填写过关　3.经典句式背诵仿写过关　4.类词巧积累事半功倍

 (一)分门别类攻单词——识形辨意·拓展应用

(二)写用结合记短语——译写短语·语境活用

(三)仿写活用练句式——经典句型·仿写背诵

Step 2　课堂探究——核心考点　点点突破

1.重点难点考点学通练透　2.归纳总结拓展开阔视野　3.方法规律技巧权威点拨　4.面面俱到打创高效课堂

第一时段　Warming up &Reading

1．majority n．大多数；大半

[教材原句]　Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men，whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.

在首批移居加利福尼亚州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。

(1)a/the majority of...　　大多数……

in the/a majority  占多数

(2)minority n.  少数

in the/a minority     占少数

(3)major n．&v.  主修；专业

major in  主修……；以……为专业

单句语法填空

①What she has just said doesn't correspond with the views of the ________(major)．

②An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members ________(be) against it.

③I graduated from Chongqing Normal University and majored ________ information management.

④In the general population, right­handed people are ________ the majority.

[答案]　①majority　②are　③in　④in

[方法规律]　the majority of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；后接不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；后接集合名词作主语时，若集合名词视为整体，则谓语动词用单数，若集合名词考虑个体，则谓语动词用复数。

2．elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人

[教材原句]　By the time California elected to become the thirty­first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.

到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候，它已经是一个有着多种文化的社会了。

(1)elect sb. (as/to be)＋职位

＝sb. be elected(as/to be)＋职位(职位前无冠词)

(2)election n.  选举

单句语法填空

①(2015·陕西卷)Besides, I have such a good command of English that I ________(elect) as assistant to my English teacher.

②If I am lucky enough to win the ________(elect), the first thing I will do is to enrich our students' after­class activities.

③Some people thought that Joe was lucky enough ________(elect) as the team leader. But in my opinion, he was more wise than lucky.

用elect/choose/select的适当形式填空

④It is difficult to ________ between two such nice houses.

⑤He looked through the suits and ________ the cheapest one for me.

⑥They finally made the decision to ________ Mark as their new monitor.

[答案]　①am elected　②election　③to be elected　④choose　⑤selected　⑥elect

[思维发散]　choose指在“两个或多个之中”选择其一，其后通常跟from或between。

elect指“通过选举选出”。

select通常是指在“同类事物中选择最好的或最合适的”。

3．live on继续存在；继续生存；靠……生存

[教材原句]　The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home.

移民者的习俗和语言在他们的新家得以延续。

live with  忍受；忍耐

live up to  符合；不辜负

live through  经历过；经过……之后还活着

live by...  靠……(手段、方式)生活

live out  实践；度过

live a．.. life  过着……的生活

单句语法填空

①The poor couple live ________ a small income.

②You have to learn to live ________ stress.

③The old man lived ________ selling vegetables.

④The little girl lived ________ the earthquake.

[答案]　①on　②with　③by　④through

4．by means of通过；用……办法；借助……

[教材原句]　Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.

科学家们认为这些迁居者通过一条史前时代曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。

by this means  用这种方法

by all means  尽一切办法；务必

by no means  决不；一点也不(放句首时，句子用部分倒装语序)

单句语法填空

①I've tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means ________(be) the teacher satisfied with my progress.

②She could not speak, but made her wishes known ________ means of signs.

③This is by ________ means the first time you have been late.

④Every possible means ________________(try), and we find only by this means is it possible to persuade him.

⑤All possible means ________________(try), and we find only by this means is it possible to persuade him.

[答案]　①is　②by　③no　④has been tried　⑤have been tried

[知识顾问]　means用作“方式；方法”时单复数同形。若all/some/several/many means作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；若every/each/one/a means作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

5．make a life习惯于新的生活方式、工作等；谋生

[教材原句]　Some died or returned home, but most remained in California to make a life for themselves despite great hardship.

有些人死了或回家了，但是大多数人留在加利福尼亚谋生，尽管困难重重。

(1)come to life　　苏醒；变得活跃

live/lead a．..life  过着……生活

come back to life  苏醒过来；恢复生气

bring...back to life  使……苏醒过来；给……活力

(2)make/earn a/one's living谋生

单句语法填空

①They settled down in Canada and made ________life for themselves.

②The village，which had seemed deserted，immediately came ________ life.

③She had to look for part­time jobs these years to make a ________(live)．

完成句子

④In the coming three years, our school life will be challenging and you will try to ____________ for yourself.

在接下来的三年，我们的学校生活将会非常具有挑战性，你会努力习惯新的生活方式。

句型转换

⑤Happy is the man who can make a living by his hobby.

→Happy is the man who can ____________ by his hobby.

[答案]　①a　②to　③living　④make a life　⑤make a life

6．why引导表语从句

[教材原句]　That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.

那就是今天超过40%的加利福尼亚人把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的原因。

(1)This/That is why...这/那就是……的原因。

①The deadline is drawing near.________________ we are very busy.

最后期限要到了。这就是我们很忙的原因。

(2)This/That is because...这/那是因为……

②From space, the earth looks blue. ________________ about seventy­one percent of its surface is covered by water.

从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面约71%都被水覆盖着。

(3)This is the reason why...这就是……的原因；The reason why... is that...……的原因是……，why引导的是定语从句。

③The reason ________ the students favor the book is ________ they can carry it with them wherever they go.

学生们喜欢这本书的原因是他们无论去哪都可以随身携带它。

[答案]　①That's why　②That's because　③why; that

[答案]　1.it　2.a　3.by　4.arrival　5.living　6.when　7.took　8.the　9.majority　10.whose

第二时段　Learning about Language & Using Language

1．occur vi.发生；出现

[教材原句]　It occurred to me that he might be interested in the problem we had discussed.

我突然想起他也许对我们讨论过的那个问题感兴趣。

sth. occurs to sb.  某人突然想起某事

It occurs to/strikes/hits sb. that...  某人突然想起……

It occurs to sb. to do sth.  某人突然想起做某事

单句语法填空

①A good idea occurred ________ me when I woke up this morning.

②It occurred to me ____________(phone) him about it.

句型转换

③It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.

→It occurred to me ________ to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.

[答案]　①to　②to phone　③to go

2．indicate vt.指出；标示；指明，表明；暗示

[教材原句]　Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.

尽量使用以上表达方式来表明你在认真地听你的同伴讲话。

(1)indicate sth. to sb.  向某人指出某物

indicate that...  示意；表明

(2)indication n.  指示；象征；预示

There is some/no indication that...

有/无迹象表明……

单句语法填空

①Research ________(indicate) that men find it easier to give up smoking than women.

②There was no ________(indicate) that she had stolen the jewelry.

③I asked him where my sister was and he indicated the shop opposite ________ me.

[答案]　①indicates　②indication　③to

3．hire n. & vt. 租用；雇用

[教材原句]　Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.

(我)和同住一个旅馆的一对夫妇(彼得和泰莉)合作租了一辆车。

(1)on hire  出租

for hire  可供出租

(2)hire sth. out(to sb.)  把……租出去(给某人)

单句语法填空

①There are many bicycles ________ hire in this area.

②There are three small boats available ________ hire.

③David used to hire his car ________ sometimes when he didn't need it himself.

[答案]　①on　②for　③out

4．team up with与……合作或一起工作；相称

[教材原句]　Teamed up with a couple from my hotel (Peter and Terri) and hired a car.

(我)和同住一个旅馆的一对夫妇(彼得和泰莉)合作租了一辆车。

keep up with  跟上

catch up with  赶上

put up with  忍受；容忍

end up with  以……结束

单句语法填空

①Jack preferred to go into business alone rather than team up ________ anyone else.

②The coat and skirt team ________ very well, although they weren't bought as a set.

用team up with, keep up with, put up with和end up with的适当形式填空

③She always stays up late to study in order to ____________ the others.

④It's too delightful of you to be so nice to him, and __________ all his tiresome stories.

⑤The party ____________ a song that everyone was familiar with.

⑥I need to ____________ your firm in a business project. Could you put me through to your boss?

[答案]　①with　②up　③keep up with　④put up with

⑤ended up with　⑥team up with

5．mark out画线；标出……界线；规划

[教材原句]　There's a fascinating drive marked out for tourists.

有一个极有吸引力的为旅游者标明的车道。

(1)be marked with...  标记着……；被标上……记号

mark down  记下；减价；打折；给低分

mark off  使与众不同；画线分隔；划开

mark with...  以……为标记；以……表明

mark up  提价；涨价

(2)up to the mark  达到要求；符合标准

单句语法填空

①Mark ________ your mistakes, and find out what causes you to make these mistakes.

②The special parking space ________(mark) out with white lines is designed for emergency use.

③They set a trap for him by putting ________(mark) money into the drawer.

④The old man treasured a package ________(mark) with the names and the date.

[答案]　①out　②marked　③marked　④marked

6．take in包括；吸收；理解；欺骗；收留；改小

[教材原句]　It's a 79km round­trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.

这是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵盖了所有著名的旅游景点。

写出下列句中take in的含义

①The United Kingdom takes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.______________

②The farmer took in the lost travelers for the night.

______________

③Women are often taken in by products for losing weight.

______________

④I found it easy to take in what the teacher said in class.

______________

⑤It is said that black takes in more heat than white.

______________

⑥The dress was big so I had to take in at the waist.

______________

[答案]　①包括　②留宿；收留　③欺骗　④理解　⑤吸收　⑥改小

[答案]　

George arrived early in the morning by bus. He went straight to the hotel and dropped his luggage, then he went . The first thing was a ride on  cable car. From top of the hill he got a spectacular view of San Francisco Bay and the city.  in 1873, it is said  the cable car system was invented by Andrew Hallidie, who  wanted to find a better form of transport than horse­drawn trams. ， he had been shocked when he saw a terrible accident to occur, in which a tram slipped down the hill dragging the horses with it. There was some indication  was why Andrew Hallidie decided to develop the new transport. With so  exploring, he was  and had a rest.

Step 3　课后演练——知识能力　链接高考

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Forms will be available in school and online for them ____________(indicate) their choices and return to school.

[答案]　to indicate

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred ________ me.

[答案]　to

3．(2018·北京卷)Well, the future is ________(apparent) now.

[答案]　apparently

4．(2018·天津卷)But ________(distinct) that were sharp to us as children become unclear.

[答案]　distinctions

5．She was ____________(hire) on the strength of her computer skills.

[答案]　hired

6．The first step will take quite a long time and can by no means be ____________(accomplish) overnight.

[答案]　accomplished

7．Twenty head of ____________(cattle) were eating grass on the grassland when a wolf came over.

[答案]　cattle

8．The majority of the interviewees ____________(prefer) watching TV at home to going to the cinema.

[答案]　prefer

9．—I hear you've been looking for a job recently.

—Yes，I'm applying ____________work at the library.

[答案]　for

10．A new law has been brought in to discourage ___________(race) prejudice.

[答案]　racial

Ⅱ.单句改错

1．A large percentage of this hotel's income are from the visitors to the lake nearby.______________

[答案]　are→is

2．(2018·北京东城一模)More subway lines will be building to make travelling easy in Beijing in the coming years.______________

[答案]　building→built

3．Emerson would always take down new ideas that were occurred to him.______________

[答案]　去掉were

4．We express our thoughts in means of words and body language. ______________

[答案]　in→by

5．A great many of houses were knocked down in the earthquake.____________

[答案]　去掉of

6．They went to the West and decided to make life there.____________

[答案]　在make后加a

7．At the meeting, young people were on the majority.____________

[答案]　on→in

8．He was elected the president of the company, and the news came, in fact, as a surprise.____________

[答案]　去掉第一个the

9．We should grasp of every chance to open mouth and speak English.____________

[答案]　去掉of

10．There were a lot of people in the park last Sunday. We had everywhere to take a rest, so we got tired.____________

[答案]　everywhere→nowhere

Ⅲ.根据提示词及相关要求完成句子

1．镇上的大多数人都积极地拥护为孩子们建造运动场的计划。(majority)

____________________________________________________

the plan to build a playground for children.

[答案]　The majority of people in the town strongly support

2．唐纳德·特朗普被选为美国总统，实际上，这个消息一传出来就给了人们一个惊喜。(elect)

Donald Trump ___________________，

and the news came，in fact，as a surprise.

[答案]　was elected President of the United States

3．那就是越来越多的中国人对学英语感兴趣的原因。(why引导表语从句)

____________ more and more people in China are interested in learning English.

[答案]　That's why

4．在很多学校，学生花在做作业上的时间很可能比以前少。(likely)

____________________， in many schools, the students are going to spend less time in doing homework than they used to.

[答案]　It is likely that

5．人们普遍认为约百分之六十的女性在生完孩子后会返回工作岗位。(it作形式主语)

________________________ about 60 percent of women will return to work after having a baby.

[答案]　It is believed that

6．当我们赶到电影院的时候电影已经开始了。(by the time)

The movie had already started ___________________.

[答案]　by the time we arrived at the theatre

高考题型分组训练

阅读理解板块训练——重细节，练速度

(限时：25分钟)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

A teacher from Relax Kids in Tamworth, the UK, used two apples to show her students the damaging and often unseen consequences of bullying. And her post about the powerful lesson has gone viral.

Rosie Dutton explained that during one of her classes she introduced two red apples to the children. What the kids didn't know was that prior to the lesson, Dutton had repeatedly dropped one of the apples on the floor. And yet, on the outside at least, both apples looked perfect. “I picked up the apple I'd dropped on the floor and started to tell the children how I disliked this apple, and that I thought it was disgusting, it was a horrible colour and the stem was just too short，” Dutton wrote.

She then encouraged the students to do the same. Some of the children looked at her like she was “crazy”， but the students passed the apple around the circle, calling_it_names.

Continuing the exercise, the teacher then passed the second apple around the circle. This apple, however, was showered with comments like “Your skin is beautiful！” and “What a beautiful colour you are！”

Dutton then showed the students and both apples once again, highlighting that “there was no change, and both apples still looked the same.”

That is, until she cut them open. “The apple we'd said unkind words to was bruised and all mushy inside，” she said.  There was, she said, an immediate “light bulb” moment for her students. “They really got it. What we saw inside that apple is what is happening inside everyone of us when someone mistreats us with their words or actions.”

Dutton explained how important it is to teach children to stand up for one another, and to stop any form of bullying.

“Let's create a generation of kind caring children，” the teacher wrote. “The tongue has no bones, but is strong enough to break a heart. So be careful with your words.”

语篇解读：本文为一篇记叙文。作者讲述了一位老师用两个苹果给学生上了一节生动的有关倚强凌弱危害性的课。

1．What had the teacher done to the first apple before the lesson?

A．She had introduced it to the kids.

B．She had damaged it purposely.

C．She had made it look perfect.

D．She had coloured it brightly.

[解析]　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“What the kids didn't know was that prior to the lesson, Dutton had repeatedly dropped one of the apples on the floor.”可知答案为B项。

[答案]　B

2．What does the underlined part “calling it names” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A．Saying rude things.

B．Making fun of it.

C．Cheering for it.

D．Shouting at it.

[解析]　词义猜测题。根据倒数第三段第二句中的“said unkind words to”可知答案为A项(辱骂)。

[答案]　A

3．What did the teacher instruct the kids to do with the second apple?

A．Drop it.   B．Praise it.

C．Ignore it.   D．Observe it.

[解析]　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Your skin is beautiful”and“What a beautiful colour you are！”可知那位老师让那些孩子赞美第二个苹果，故答案为B项。

[答案]　B

4．What's the purpose of the teacher's using two apples in class?

A．To draw the kids' attention.

B．To explain her personal preferences.

C．To make a comparison between them.

D．To help the kids understand the results of bullying.

[解析]　推理判断题。由全文可知老师在班上用两个苹果的目的是帮助孩子们懂得倚强凌弱的危害，故答案为D项。

[答案]　D

B

(2018·重庆高三联考)Are you addicted to computer games? Do you stay up all night playing them? Do you feel happy after you play computer games?

There's no doubt that the excitement and appealing of games these days make them hard to put down. We are attracted by the choice when it comes to gaming: You can role­play creating your own fantasy characters and stories, giving you a chance to step out of everyday life into an imaginary world. And there are shooting games where you can let out your anger and depression in violent situations where you kill people with guns. You can get excited from the games.

However, can these kinds of games really be fun and can being absorbed in virtual reality be good for us? Should we worry about their effects on our health? Popular games like Grand Theft Auto have been blamed for everything from falling results at school to causing acts of extreme violence. Internet safety advisor, Alan MacKenzie, thinks any people will just understandably think that a game is just a game and not realizing the exact content that's in there. He gives an example of the violence, which he says is wholly inappropriate for anybody, not to mention children.

Others will argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment. There is evidence that playing video games could actually be good for us. Some games like Game of Thrones and World of Warcraft are educational and using games certainly can help children learn good qualities. Studies have also shown that the skills used in playing games can cause growth in certain areas of the brain, the ability to think in 3D and even improve our eyesight.

Video game players are also no longer just simple creatures. For some, gaming is having a positive effect on their social lives with games like Halo and World of Warcraft often being played in groups. When your group works together to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by yourself.

So every coin has two sides. It seems today, gaming isn't just for game fans and if used in a proper way, we can all take part. If video games have two sides, which side do you stand by?

语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了电脑游戏的积极作用和消极作用，并提出应当正确看待电脑游戏，选择有益于自己身心健康的游戏。

5．The writer used a lot of questions at the beginning to ________.

A．lead into the topic of the passage

B．show his worries about the effect on health

C．doubt the advantage of playing computer games

D．ask the reader for their own opinions about games

[解析]　目的意图题。根据第一段的三个问题以及第二段的内容可知，文章开头用三个问句的目的是引出本文话题：我们该如何看待电脑游戏，故A项正确。

[答案]　A

6．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?

A．Games contain extreme violence.

B．The contents of the game are complex.

C．Gaming is a harmful form of entertainment.

D．Popular games lead to students' falling results at school.

[解析]　段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段的主题句是第一、二句“However, can these kinds of games really be fun and can being absorbed in virtual reality be good for us? Should we worry about their effects on our health”，再结合第四段的第一句“Others will argue that gaming is a harmless form of entertainment.”可知，该段主要论述电脑游戏是一种有害的娱乐方式，故C项正确。

[答案]　C

7．What is computer games' good influence on social lives?

A．Li Hua learnt many English words from playing games.

B．Han Meimei passed the exam after playing the games.

C．Yang Li let out his anger and depression.

D．Sun Yan worked well with his teammates.

[解析]　推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句“When your group works together to win the game, your sense of achievement is higher than when winning by yourself.”可知，如果你的团队团结一致并且赢得了游戏，则你的成就感要比独自赢得游戏更强烈；据此可知，通过电脑游戏我们可以培养团队精神。故D项符合题意。

[答案]　D

8．How does the author support his idea in Paragraph 4?

A．With descriptive words.

B．By giving some examples.

C．With some research results.

D．By providing some numbers.

[解析]　推理判断题。根据第四段的第三句“Some games like Game of Thrones and World of Warcraft are educational and using games certainly can help children learn good qualities.”可知，作者通过列举“Game of Thrones”和“World of Warcraft”这两个电脑游戏说明这种游戏对孩子有积极作用，该段使用了举例法，故B项正确。

[答案]　B

Ⅱ.七选五阅读填空

There are a lot of people who are overweight all over the world. What causes obesity? If you get the gene, well, probably you are going to be a few more pounds heavier compared to the rest of your classmates or friends. __1__ Obesity can not only make a person look heavy and not in the usual sense of being handsome, but can also lead to serious health conditions and life­threatening diseases.

When we talk about obesity, the first thought that comes to mind is junk food. __2__ It is called junk food because hamburger, pizza and the like contain high calories. If you eat a Big Mac (a super hamburger) , an order of large fries, and a large Coke, you will need to walk non­stop for six hours to burn off the calories you have gained. And don't be fooled by soft drinks, which are high in sugar and are a major cause of obesity. __3__ Popular sugary drinks, of course, include Coca Cola, Pepsi Cola, and many new brands that appear on the market every couple of days.

__4__ Just one 20­ounce (about 567g) bottle of soda can have 250 calories, which are equal to more than 16 teaspoons of added sugar. Even a lemon­flavored iced tea can have 210 calories.

Keeping healthy is our responsibility. Next time, don't take that Big Mac and drink that two­litter bottle of Pepsi Cola as much as you wish.  __5__

A．One's health state is actually hard to measure through one's appearance.

B．Obesity is more common in women than men.

C．Indeed, junk food has been blamed for obesity.

D．Probably it's a good idea to give it a second thought.

E．However, obesity is mainly caused by eating too much.

F．With their high sugar, soft drinks are also called sugary drinks.

G．Most don't realize how easy it is to gain weight from drinking those drinks.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。如今，有很多人超重。导致肥胖的原因有很多，如食用垃圾食品和饮用高糖饮料等。文章分析了这些因素为什么能够导致肥胖。

1．[解析]　根据内容可知文章讲的是由饮食造成的过度肥胖，设空前讲的是基因引起的肥胖，所以需要一个转折词However转入正题。E项意为“然而，肥胖主要是因为吃得太多”，符合语境，故选E项。

[答案]　E

2．[解析]　根据设空前的“junk food”和设空后的“It is called junk food”可知设空处讲的是垃圾食品与肥胖之间的关系，C项意为“事实上，肥胖一直被归咎于垃圾食品”，符合语境，故选C项。

[答案]　C

3．[解析]　上文提到的soft drinks和high in sugar与F项中的With their high sugar和soft drinks对应，设空后提到的sugary drinks与F项中的sugary drinks对应。根据语境，此处应指出软饮料也被称为含糖饮料，故选F项。

[答案]　F

4．[解析]　根据设空后提到的“Just one 20­ounce(about 567g) bottle of soda can have 250 calories”可知该段强调的是含糖饮料的热量很高，容易引起肥胖。G项意为“大多数人不知道喝那些饮料有多容易增重”，符合语境，故选G项。

[答案]　G

5．[解析]　最后一段讲的是要学会控制自己的饮食，不要摄入过多的高热量食品。D项中give it a second thought和设空前的as much as you wish相对应。D项意为“也许多考虑考虑会是个好主意”，符合语境，故选D项。

[答案]　D

Ⅲ.短文改错

(2018·山东济宁期末)My name is Kate Lin. I'm a Chinese girl study in Spain now. When I first came here,  I had to learn Spanish quickly to adapt the new school life. Some friends suggested buying a television,  that turned out to be really good advices. At first, I didn't understand anything on TV. So I read an English newspaper on every day to know which was happening. Then little by little I begin to pick up the main ideas of the TV news. The best TV programs for learning Spanish were the game shows. I'd watched hundreds of it in the first few months. Because the same patterns were repeating again and again, I learned the rules of the language almost automatically.  Although my Spanish is pretty well now, I still watch them sometimes.

[答案]