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    (通用版)2021高考英语一轮复习考点十一特殊句式练习(含解析)

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    考点十一 特殊句式

    限时25分钟

    一、单句语法填空

    1.It was last Saturday ________ we visited the History Museum.

    答案:that 此句为强调句型,其中被强调的部分是last Saturday。

    2.When ________ (return) home, I met my old friend Paul in the street.

    答案:returning 句意:当我回家时,我在街上遇到了我的老朋友保罗。return的逻辑主语与句子主语I一致,且I与return之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故填现在分词形式。“when returning home”是“when I was returning home”的省略。

    3.Only in this way ________ I learn English well.

    答案:can 句意:只有用这种方法,我才能学好英语。当only用在句首强调状语时,句子要用部分倒装。

    4.I won't go to the party tonight even if  ________(invite).

    答案:invited 此句中even if后省略了I am, invite的逻辑主语与句子主语I一致,且I与invite之间存在被动关系,因此应用invited。

    5.Not only ________ (be) I interested in the photography, but I took a course at university.

    答案:am 句意:我不仅对摄影感兴趣,在大学里我还上过摄影课。not only位于句首时,所在分句用部分倒装,且此处描述现在的情况,故填am。

    6.Jim is a student; ________ is Tom.

    答案:so 句意:吉姆是一名学生,汤姆也是。指前者情况也适用于后者,意为“某人也……”,表肯定意义,用“so+助动词+主语”。

    7.I can't swim well; ________ can Jim.

    答案:neither/nor 句意:我不擅长游泳,吉姆也不擅长。指前者情况也适用于后者,并且指否定意义时,用“neither/nor+助动词+主语”。

    8.________ (knock) at the door before you enter my room, please.

    答案:Knock 句意:进我的房间前请你先敲门。本句为祈使句,故用动词原形。

    9.I have no idea why it is ________ he will go there with her.

    答案:that 句意:我不知道他为什么要跟她去那里。idea后面是why引导的同位语从句,为强调句型。

    10.Though ________(surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.

    答案:surprised 此句是连词后省略了“主语+be”。此句中though后省略了“the professor was”,因此应填形容词surprised。

    11.I drove ________ slowly as possible in the heavy traffic.

    答案:as 本句中含有as ... as possible的省略结构,意为“尽可能……”。

    12.Only ________ he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.

    答案:when/if 句意:只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时,我才会再次跟他说话。“only+状语从句”位于句首时,主句需用部分倒装。根据句意可知填when/if。

    13.The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, ________ will he even give it a thought.

    答案:nor/neither 句意:校长不会允许课程变化,他甚至也不会去考虑。“nor/neither+助动词+主语”是部分倒装结构,意为“……也不……”。

    14.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialingjiang River ________ (lie) Chongqing,  one of the ten largest cities in China.

    答案:lies 介词短语“At the meeting place of ...”放在句首作地点状语时,句子要用完全倒装语序。句子的主语为Chongqing,且叙述客观事实,故填lies。

    15.The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________ (not).

    答案:not to 句意:这个司机想把车停在路边,但被警察告知不要这么做。此处是省略,空格处补全为“not to park his car near the roadside”。

    16.One talk with Tom, I believe, ________ you will find he is outgoing.

    答案:and 句意:和汤姆谈一谈,我相信你会发现他是外向的。本题是“名词短语+and+陈述句”的结构,and表示顺承关系,故填and。

    17.________ (devote) to finding ways to make music accessible to all children is Ms Thompson with a touring company of professional musicians.

    答案:Devoted 形容词作表语位于句首时,句子用全部倒装。该句可还原为“Ms Thompson with a touring company of professional musicians is  devoted to finding ways to make music accessible to all children.”

    18.Up till now, there has been no scientific evidence about ________ it was that caused the death of dinosaurs.

    答案:what 句意:到目前为止,还没有科学证据证明是什么导致了恐龙的死亡。这里强调了恐龙灭绝的原因,即what,因此这是强调句型的特殊疑问句式。

    19.I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life ________ I felt so happy.

    答案:had 句意:我最终得到了我梦想的工作。我一生中从来没有这么高兴过。never放在句首,句子用部分倒装,结合前面的got可知,填had。

    20.I went to the classroom as usual. But there, next to my desk, ________ (sit) a girl I had never seen before.

    答案:sat 句意:我像平常一样去了教室。但是,在我桌子旁边坐着一个我以前从没见过的女孩。表示地点方位的状语位于句子开头,主语如果是名词,则句子用全部倒装。

    21.He said he ________ see a woman in black walking out of the office building just now.

    答案:did 句意:他说他的确看到了一个黑衣女子从办公大楼走出来了。分析句子可知,此处是对谓语动词see的强调,根据时间状语“just now”可知,应该用did表示强调。

    22.Hardly ________ (have) she sat down when she heard someone knocking the door.

    答案:had 句意:她刚刚坐下,就听到有人敲门。hardly ... when ... 表示“一……就……”,hardly放在句首,用部分倒装。从句使用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。故填had。

    23.Are you free tonight? If ________, I'd like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the States.

    答案:so 句意:今晚你有空吗?如果有空的话,我想让你见见我的美国新朋友汤姆。if so “如果这样的话”,so替代上文的全部内容,避免重复。

    24.________ Tom shared his idea with us, we would have made more progress.

    答案:Had 句意:如果汤姆和我们分享他的想法,我们会取得更大的进步。此处是if引导的非真实条件状语从句,使用虚拟语气,省略了if,并将had提前的用法。故填Had。

    25.At the top of the hill ________ (stand) an ancient tower, which dates back to the Song Dynasty.

    答案:stands 句意:在山顶上有一座古塔,它可追溯到宋朝。表示地点的介词短语放在句首,句子用全部倒装。句子的主语是an ancient tower, 故填stands。

    26.Child ________ he was, he was able to stand on his own feet.

    答案:as/though 句意:尽管他是个孩子,但是他已经能够自立了。分析前面的“Child ________ he was”可知,是一个由as/though引导的让步状语从句,故填as/though。

    27.She dare not say what she thinks, ________ she?

    答案:dare 主从复合句的反意疑问句部分中的主语和动词需要根据主句确定,当陈述部分的dare是情态动词,反意疑问句部分也用dare,此复合句中主句是否定句,故此处只填dare。

    28.If ________ (accept) for the job, you will be informed soon.

    答案:accepted 逗号前是“If you are accepted for the job”的省略形式。当主从句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以把从句中的主语和be动词一起省略,故填accepted。

    29.At last we found a house, in front of which ________ (stand) a tall tree.

    答案:stood 介词短语位于句首,且谓语动词是stand时,句子要用全部倒装结构。由found的提示可知,此空应填stand的过去式stood。

    30.Fishing in this river, as far as I know, ________ (be) prohibited.

    答案:is 本句中含有插入包含副词的分句,这也是特殊句式的一种,被插入的部分不影响句意和句子的成分。动名词作主语,且描述一般事实,谓语动词be应用is。

    二、单句改错

    1.At home, there has a CD player in my room, and the music is on all the time.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:has→is 句意:在家里我的房间里有一台CD播放器,一直放着音乐。前一分句为there be句型。主语为单数名词a CD player, 故将has改为is。

    2.Only do I know the news here.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:去掉do 句意:这儿,只有我知道这个消息。当only用在句首强调主语时,句子不倒装,强调状语时,句子才倒装。

    3.—Well, I do think the horse is a useful animal.

    —So it does.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:does→is 句意:——嗯,我的确认为马是很有用的动物。 ——的确是。分析句意可知,第二句是表示肯定、赞同前面说过的话,意为“确实如此,确实是这样”,对应the horse is,故将does改为is。

    4.Between each of the morning classes are an interval, when the students can have a short break.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:are→is 介词短语置于句首时,应用全部倒装,句子的主语是an interval,故将are改为is。

    5.It was in the village where he spent much of his childhood.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:where→that 分析句子结构可知,本句为强调句,故将where改为that。

    6.—I'm sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your test.

    —How can that be? I did it as tell in class!

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:第二个tell→told 答语中后一个句子的状语从句为省略“主语+be动词”的形式。tell的逻辑主语为I,两者之间为被动关系,还原后为as I was told。

    7.A bit more effort, I think, so you will settle the problem.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:so→and 先把插入语I think去掉,则不难看出此句为“(表示条件的)名词短语+and+陈述句”结构,陈述句表示顺承的结果。

    8.Not until my son had entered the college he realize the importance of time.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:he前加did not until位于句首时主句应用部分倒装;由从句的时态可知,主句应用一般过去时,因此在he前加助动词did。

    9.Scarcely I arrived at my second job when a server immediately handed me my first order.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:Scarcely后加had 此处是“scarcely ... when ... ”结构,scarcely用于句首,主句部分倒装。本结构中从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。故在Scarcely后加had。

    10.There appears to have little enthusiasm for your idea.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:have→be 此处表示“人们好像对你的想法没什么热情”。此处为There be句型,其中be可以用appears to be代替,故将have改为be。

    11.Standing on one foot with your eyes closed, and you will soon lose your balance.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:Standing→Stand 句意:闭着眼睛用一只脚站立,你很快就会失去平衡。固定句式:祈使句+and/or+表示某事经常发生或惯常行为的陈述句。

    12.Though he isn't a driver, he used to.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:to后加be 句意:虽然他现在不是一个司机,但是过去他是。在used to后面如果是系动词be,不能省略。

    13.Only by studying hard and making good preparations for exams we avoid suffering from the pressure of exams.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:we前加can 以“Only+介词短语”放在句首的句子,使用部分倒装,结合句意,在we前加can。

    14.Not only I care for my own family, but I also will contribute to building a harmonious society.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:only后加will “not only ... but also ... ”结构放在句首,前面的分句用部分倒装,故在only后加will。

    15.Although I'm not a teacher of that famous school, I want to.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:to后加be 在省略句中,如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,则不能省略,通常保留这些词,故此处在to后加be。

    特殊句式(一)

    一、强调句

    强调句型由“It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”构成,可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语;被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用who或that均可,其他情况一律用that。

    判断方法:将It is/was和that/who去掉,若剩下的部分仍能表达完整的句意,则为强调句型;若不能,则不是。

    1.强调句型的一般疑问句形式:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他?

    Was it in the park that Tom lost his watch?

    2.强调句型的特殊疑问句形式:特殊疑问词+is/was it that+其他?

    Who_was_it_that broke the window?

    3.not ... until ... 结构的强调句型

    其强调句式为:It is/was  not until+被强调部分+that+其他。

    He didn't go to bed until ten o'clock.

    It_was_not_until ten o'clock that he went to bed.

    注意:强调句型不能用来强调谓语,若要强调句子谓语动词,可将助动词do/does/did置于动词原形之前,用来加强语气。

    He does like it.

    I did tell you the news yesterday.

    二、倒装句

    1.完全倒装

    (1)表示时间和运动方向的副词或介词短语,如:there, here, up, down, now, then, away, in, out, off等置于句首,且主语是名词时,用完全倒装。当主语为代词时不倒装。

    Here_comes the first bus.

    Out_rushed a boy!

    On_the_top_of_the_mountain_stands a temple.

    (2)主系表结构中作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such等置于句首时用完全倒装。

    Present_at_the_meeting_were Professor Zhang and many other guests.

    Seated_on_the_ground_are a group of young people.

    2.部分倒装

    (1)“only+状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)”置于句首时,其后用部分倒装;当“only+主语”置于句首时,句子不倒装。

    Only_in_this_way_can you succeed.

    Only I am here today.

    (2)表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时用部分倒装。

    常见的这类词或短语有not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time等。

    Seldom_in_my_life_have I met so determined a person.

    At_no_time_should you touch it or get it hurt.

    (3)so, neither, nor置于句首表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物时用部分倒装。

    但是当前面的情况是两种或两种以上时要用It is the same with ... 或者So it is with ... 结构。

    Tom likes English. So_do_I.

    I have never seen the film. Neither_has_he.

    I like playing basketball and I live in America for many years. So_it_is_with_my_little_brother.

    (4)在so/such ... that ... 句型中,当so/such连同其直接修饰的成分置于句首时,主句部分倒装。

    So moved was she that she couldn't say a word.

    (5)在if虚拟条件句中,当省略if时,应将were/had/should置于主语之前,形成部分倒装。

    Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

    (6)as/though意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时用倒装结构。

    Tired as he was, he still went on with his work.

    Strange though it seems, it is true.

    限时25分钟

    一、单句语法填空

    1.(2020·河南省焦作市新高三上学期定位考试)—Do you want to go swimming tomorrow?

    —I'd be glad ________.

    答案:to 此处是单独使用不定式符号to代替动词不定式。

    2.(2020·广东省深圳市高级中学高三上学期第一次测试)It was in a hot summer holiday ________ I visited Qingdao, a port city in Shandong Province.

    答案:that 把It was和空格处去掉,这个句子结构完整,语意清晰,由此可知,这是一个强调句。强调句的基本结构是:it is/was+被强调部分+that+句子的其他成分,所以填that。

    3.(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期开学检测)Chips, soda and candy seem harmless if ________ (take) as snacks, but can seriously affect your weight loss.

    答案:taken 此处是状语从句的省略, 完整的从句应该是if they are taken as snacks。

    4.(2020·河南省焦作市新高三上学期定位考试)—Could I change it for something else, such as a shirt or a hat?

    —Certainly, madam, ________ (provide) that it hasn't been worn, and if you have the receipt.

    答案:provided provided that意为“假如,假若”,是固定用法。

    5.(2020·吉林省梅河口市第五中学等校高三上学期联考)It was only when we took him to the vets on Saturday morning and got his chip scanned ________ we found out for sure.

    答案:that 本句使用了强调句型,被强调部分为“when we took him to the vets on Saturday morning and got his chip scanned”,故填that。

    6.(2020·河南省焦作市新高三上学期定位考试)Why ________  go and see Citizen Kane at the Classic Film Festival? It's supposed to be great.

    答案:not/don't you “Why not+动词原形+……?”意为“为什么不……”是一种比较强烈的建议表达;等于why don't you。

    7.(2019·天津高考)Why ________ (be) there so many flies and so few wolves?

    答案:are 本句是there be句型的疑问句式,根据so many flies and so few wolves可知,be动词应填are。

    8.(2020·广西南宁市第三中学高三月考)And she rarely, if ________, hears the word used within her company.

    答案:ever 句意:而且,她很少听到公司内部使用这个词。if ever是对发生过的事情的不确定的推测或肯定。

    9.(2020·安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)—I really need to find a new job!

    —________ do I. Do you see anything good listed?

    答案:So “so+助动词+主语”表示前面的情况也适用于另一人或物。

    10.(2020·河南省高三阶段性考试)Only then can the State of Utah ________ (make)  an educated decision on behalf of people and resources.

    答案:make 在句首的only如果后面跟了副词、介词短语或从句等状语,则主句用倒装结构。本句中情态动词can倒装,位于主语之前,谓语动词仍用原形,故填make。

    11.(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期开学检测)Here ________ (be) a few suggestions for you to prepare yourself better for your interview.

    答案:are 这是一个完全倒装,根据主语a few suggestions可知,be动词应用are。

    12.(2020·黑龙江省哈尔滨市第六中学高三上学期第一次调研考试)Not only ________ our parents give us life, but they also give us endless love and support, always sharing our happiness and sorrow.

    答案:do not only放句首,句子要部分倒装,把助动词放在主语前面。故填do。

    13.(2020·湖北省黄冈市高三质量检测)Not only ________ (be) it the ability to recognize how someone feels, but it also values and respects the feelings of another person.

    答案:is 此处是not only置于句首的倒装,根据主语是it可知,be动词应用第三人称,根据but后的values and respects可知时态应用一般现在时,故填is。

    14.(2020·河南省焦作市新高三上学期定位考试)Come on, we are not going to argue over that, ________ we?

    答案:are 这是一个反义疑问句,因为前面谓语部分是are not, 所以反义部分填are。

    15.(2019·北京高考)Not only ________  you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural awareness.

    答案:will 句意:你们不仅可以帮助我们的年轻志愿者发展个人能力,还可以学习新的技能,提高文化意识。Not only位于句首,构成部分倒装,根据主句中的you'll可知,空格处应填will。

    16.(2019·天津高考)No sooner ________ she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face.

    答案:did 句意:她一离开我家,我就收到了两个女人的电子邮件,她们的孩子去了我儿子的托儿所,她们认出了我。no sooner had/did ... than ... “一……就”,No sooner位于句首,构成部分倒装,将助动词提前,根据后面的“I had emails”可知,空格处应填did。

    17.(2019·邢台市高三上学期第一次月考)It was through her study of caterpillars  ________             she discovered the truth about their life cycles.

    答案:that 句意:正是通过她对于毛毛虫的研究,她才发现了它们生命轮回的真相。本句是强调句型“It is/was ... that ...”,被强调部分是through her study of caterpillars,故填that。

    18.(2019·山东省德州市武城二中高三月考)Not until he retired from teaching two years ago  ________      he consider having a holiday abroad.

    答案:did 句意:直到他两年前从教育战线上退休,他才考虑去国外度假。not until结构位于句首时,主句使用部分倒装语序,同时后面是实义动词,根据two years ago判断句子用一般过去时,答案为did。

    19.(2019·河南周口中英文学校高三月考)________     I wish my work could be settled within a day!

    答案:How 句意:我多么希望我的工作可以一天里解决!根据语境可知,本题是一个感叹句,how修饰整个句子,因此填How。

    20.(2019·河北省衡水中学高三上学期二调考试)She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it ________ (be) two sharp knives.

    答案:were 句意:她打开它,深深地吸了一口气。里面是两把锋利的刀。介词Inside在句首,句子应用倒装语序,主语是two sharp knives,是复数形式,与之一致谓语也用复数,结合上句的opened,可知动词时态为一般过去时,故填were。

    21.(2019·浙江杭州一次质检)A child, if actively ________ (engage) in classroom activities, can be taught many things.

    答案:engaged 句意:如果一个孩子能积极参加课堂活动,他能学会许多东西。本句为省略句。将本句补全后为:If a child is actively engaged in classroom activities, he can be taught many things.把相同的主语a child和be动词省去,故填engaged。

    22.(2018·全国卷)Diets have changed in China—and so too ________ its top crop.

    答案:has 该句是一个倒装句。当前面的句子是肯定句时,用“so+助动词+主语”表示“某人也……”。助动词的选用根据前面句子的谓语动词来判断。

    23.(2018·北京高考)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ (press) the button and a highly­trained agent will get you the help you need.

    答案:press 句意:在任何危险的情况下,仅仅摁一下按钮,那么一个高度训练的代理人将使你获得你需要的帮助。分析句子的结构可知,此处是“祈使句+and+一般将来时”的固定结构。

    24.(2018·天津高考)—I'm moving in a few days and I wonder if you could help.

    —You bet. Just let me know when, ________ I'll be there.

    答案:and 该句式是“祈使句+and+简单句”,祈使句相当于条件,简单句相当于主句。

    25.(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研)When ________ (face) with a big challenge where potential failure seems to appear at every corner, maybe you'll hear this advice: Be more confident.

    答案:faced 此处是状语从句的省略,可还原为“when you are faced with”。

    二、单句改错

    1.(2019·天津高考)The professor warned the students that on no account they should use mobile phones in his class.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:should置于they前 此处表示否定含义的介词短语on no account位于宾语从句句首,宾语从句要用部分倒装结构,故将should置于they前。

    2.(2020·安徽省六校教育研究会高三第一次素质测试)It were her perseverance and determination that helped her to get what she deserved at last.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:were→was 句意:正是她的毅力和决心使她最终得到了应得的东西。此处是强调句式,不管被强调部分是单数还是复数,是时间、地点还是原因,强调句型中的be动词一律采用单数形式,故把were改成was。

    3.(2019·惠州市高三第一次调研)None of us were familiar with planting, and nor did we knew how to use gardening tools.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:knew→know 句意:我们都不熟悉种植,也不知道如何使用园艺工具。nor放在句首,句子要用部分倒装,所以助动词did在前,此处谓语动词用原形。

    4.(2019·湖南长郡中学高三月考)It was not until his third match in 1790 when he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:when→that 句意:正是直到1790年第三次比赛时,他才最后打败Humphries,而成为英国的冠军。本题是一个强调句型,强调“not until ... ”部分,而不是when引导的定语从句,故将when改为that。

    5.(2020·广东省深圳市高级中学高三上学期第一次测试)Now I still remember what wonderful swimming in the sea was.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:what→how 句意:现在,我仍然记得在海里游泳有多么美妙。how后面接形容词,what后面接名词,所以what改成how。

    6.(2020·辽宁省五校协作体高三上学期联合模拟考试)In the end, we accomplished our goal of reading for 100 days. How proudly we were.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:proudly→proud 此处考查感叹句固定句型“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”。此处谓语为系动词,故用形容词。

    7.(2020·河南省焦作市新高三上学期定位考试)—We camped in the mountains, near Snowtown. We cooked all our meals over an open fire.

    —Sound wonderful.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:Sound→Sounds “Sounds wonderful.”是“It sounds wonderful.”的省略,故将Sound改为Sounds。

    8.(2020·河南省高三阶段性考试)When asking how the public would help beautify Utah Lake, the lake's official workers suggested picking up garbage.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:asking→asked 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句中含有be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。从句中的ask和主语the lake's official workers为被动关系,意为“被问及……”,故用过去分词形式,when asked=when they were asked。

    9.(2020·六安市毛坦厂中学东城校区高三第一次周考)But while e­shops can use sights and sounds, only can bricks­and­mortar shops (实体店) offer a full experience from the minute customers step through the door to the moment they leave.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:第二个can置于bricks­and­mortar shops (实体店)之后 当“only+主语”置于句首时,句子不倒装。

    10.(2019·山西太原检测)There have a time when we young people believe that our parents should stop offering their advice.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:have→is 句意:有这么一段时间,我们年轻人认为我们的父母应该停止提出建议。此处为“there be”句型。There is a time when ...  “有一段时间……”。

    11.(2020·广东省深圳市高级中学高三上学期第一次测试)Submitting four copies of a short story collection, and the novel will be published in 2018 by October 31.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:Submitting→Submit 本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”的固定结构,故将Submitting改为Submit。

    12.(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江市第一高级中学高三上学期开学检测)If such, change these and be reasonable with your comparisons.

    ________________________________________________________________________

    答案:such→so if so意为“如果这样;要是那样的”。

    特殊句式(二)

    三、省略

    1.当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或状语从句的主语为it,且从句中含be动词时,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。

    While (I_was) in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace.

    I'll buy a TV set if (it_is) necessary.

    2.单独使用不定式符号to,代替动词不定式后被省略的动词,常用在be afraid, expect, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等后面。否定形式用not to。

    I asked him to play with me, but he didn't want to.

    —Shall I go instead of him?

    —I prefer you not_to.

    如果不定式中含有be, have, have been,则通常保留这些词。

    —Are you a sailor?

    —No, but I used_to_be.

    四、反意疑问句

    1.形式:陈述句+简短问句。陈述部分用肯定形式时,附加问句用否定形式,反之亦然。

    附加问句的动词形式及主语由陈述句决定,且主语必须是代词。

    Your parents had a long talk with you last night, didn't_they?

    Everything that he says is true, isn't_it?

    He is never late for school, is_he?

    2.陈述部分是祈使句,肯定祈使句时,反意疑问句用will you或won't you;否定祈使句时,用will you。以let's开头的祈使句,反意疑问句用shall we;以let us/me开头的祈使句,反意疑问句用will you。

    Look at the blackboard, will/won't_you?

    Don't make any noise, will_you?

    Let's go to school, shall_we?

    Let us go to school, will_you?

    3.陈述部分有表示推测的情态动词must时,反意疑问句的动词与must后的动词一致。

    They  must be sleeping then, weren't_they?

    注意:must+have done,若表示对过去情况的推测,附加问句中动词用didn't;若表示对已完成情况的推测,用haven't或hasn't。

     

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