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上海市奉贤区2020届高三一模考试英语试题
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2019学年第一学期奉贤区调研测试
高三英语试卷
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. April 9th. B. April 8th. C. April 19th. D. April 21st.
2. A. In a post office. B. On the campus.
C. In the Main hall. D. In the Administration building.
3. A. 2 dollars. B. 4 dollars. C. 8 dollars. D. 5 dollars.
4. A. The bag. B. The umbrella. C. The camera. D. Water.
5. A. He had a visitor. B. He missed the bus.
C. He forgot the time. D. He didn’t like the film.
6. A. Surprising. B. Good. C. Untrue. D. Doubtful.
7. A. The man feels sorry for the woman. B. The area is for passengers only.
C. The woman is asking the man to leave. D. The man is a member of the staff.
8. A. The test consisted of one page.
B. The exam was difficult for the woman.
C. The woman spent an hour on the first page.
D. The woman got to the last question finally.
9. A. It costs a lot. B. It produces good results.
D. It’s of no use. D. It’s too exhausting.
10. A. To give up one course temporarily. B. To pick some easier courses this term.
C. To drop out of school this term. D. To study harder to meet the requirements.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Joyful. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. D. Unexpected.
12. A. Everything happens for a reason. B. Trust your instincts.
C. Take faith in yourself. D. Focus on one thing at a time.
13. A. Turn to others’ for advice. B. Try as many different things as you can.
C. Lose no time to take action. D. Travel for new experiences and inspiration.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. 57 B. 75 C. 76 D. 43
15. A. physical or emotional violence. B. risk of developing cancer.
C. ruined family relationship. D. polluted indoor air quality.
16. A. The importance of banning domestic smoking.
B. A new law against domestic smoking.
C. The harmful effects of domestic smoking.
D. Active smokers and passive smokers.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Journalist of a local newspaper. B. Director of evening radio programs.
C. Producer of television commercials. D. Hostess of the weekly “Business World”.
18. A. He ran three restaurants with his wife’s help.
B. He and his wife did everything by themselves.
C. He worked both as a cook and a waiter.
D. He hired a cook and two local waitresses.
19. A. He doesn’t need to do any advertising nowadays.
B. He advertises on radio and in local newspapers.
C. He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.
D. He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.
20. A. The restaurant location. B. The restaurant atmosphere.
C. The food quality. D. The satisfaction of customers.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Ancient Myth---A Hit With Modern Audiences
This summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re-telling of the ancient myth of Nezha. The animated film ___1___(take) in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever. It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to ___2___produced in Hollywood and Japan.
The film, directed by Yang Yu, was a massive undertaking(任务) from start to finish. He spent two years writing the script(剧本) and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1,600 animators. But for Yang, it was a way to prove to himself that he ___3___change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well.
“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career,” said Yang, “Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams.”
___4___(convey) the message that “your fate is in your own hands,” Yang made some changes to the original myth. Nezha was born a devil(恶魔),___5___(fate) to cause mischief(恶作剧), but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing, the third son of the Dragon King.
___6___the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys, in Yang’s film, all of the characters are treated with empathy, and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate,___7___, actually, have the potential to change and become good.
Over the years, I have come across a few students labeled as “devils.” Although some misbehaved simply ___8___ they were not mature enough, others were trouble-making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood. Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad. As they grew up, they would have the power to change their circumstances.
If you have seen Nezha, you know ___9___a terrific, entertaining film it is. But an important lesson is also conveyed in the film___10___we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly, so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate.
【答案】1. has taken
2. those 3. could
4. To convey
5. fated 6. Despite
7. who 8. because
9. what 10. that
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了取得巨大成功的国产动画电影《哪吒之魔童降世》幕后的创作故事。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：这部动画片票房已超过40亿元，成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一。此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时，主语是The animated film，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has taken。
【2题详解】
考查指示代词。句意：事实证明，中国可以制作出与好莱坞和日本相当的动画片。此处指代与animated films同一类事物，表示“它们”，故填those。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：但对杨来说，这是一种向自己证明自己可以改变自己命运的方式，也可以激励别人改变自己的命运。此处表示过去的能力，表示“能、可以”，故填could。
【4题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了传达“命运掌握在自己手中”，杨对原来的神话做了一些改变。根据句意可知此处表示目的，用不定式做目的状语，故填To convey。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。意：哪吒生来就是个恶魔，注定要捣蛋。be fated to do表示“命中注定会……”，此处去掉be做状语，故填fated。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚，但在杨的电影中，所有的角色都受到了同情，甚至连坏人也成为了命运的牺牲品，他们实际上有改变和变好的可能。
根据句意可知此处表示“尽管”，空后接的是名词the ancient myth（是being very clear about 的逻辑主语）而不是句子，故填介词Despite。
【7题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上，此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词victims（指人）并在从句中做主语，故填who。
【8题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然有些人的错误行为仅仅是因为他们不够成熟，但也有些人在心情不好的时候会制造麻烦，不合作。根据句意可知前后是因果关系，此处表示原因，故填because。
【9题详解】
考查感叹句。句意：如果你看过《哪吒》，你就会知道这是一部多么精彩、多么有趣的电影。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处为“what+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数”形式的感叹句，故填what。
【10题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：但影片中也传达出一个重要的教训，那就是不要对自己或他人过于苛刻，以免让那些消极的判断左右我们的命运。此处为同位语从句，解释lesson的具体内容，从句成分完整，故用that仅起连接作用，无实义，故填that。
Section B
Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Flood-hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problems
Venetians(威尼斯人) are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems: record-breaking flooding, environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over-tourism.
They feel largely left to their own devices, with ever-fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to____11____its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land.
The historic flooding this week---marked by three floods over 1.5 meters (nearly 5 feet) and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters(6 feet, 1 inch)---has____12____calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice, for both its concentration of treasures and its____13____vulnerability.
Flood damage has been____14____estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros (dollars), but the true range will only become clear with time. The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and____15____78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has____16____this week. With the system not yet completed or even____17____tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros ($5.5 billion) invested, many are suspicious it will even work.
At the public level, proposals for better administering the city including____18____some level of autonomy(自制) to Venice, already enjoyed by some Italian regions like Trentino-Alto-Adige with its German-speaking minority, or offering tax____19____to encourage Venice’s repopulation.
Just 53000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice, down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1,000 people a year. That means fewer people watching the neighborhood, monitoring for public maintenance____20____or neighbors in need. Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals, which can make even a simple errand a hard journey.
【答案】11. B 12. E
13. A 14. K
15. J 16. G
17. C 18. H
19. F 20. I
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了威尼斯在遭受洪水袭击之后人口日益减少，这带来了很多问题。
11题详解】
考查动词。句意：越来越少的威尼斯人居住在城市的历史地段，以维护城市的利益，并防止它成为主要的旅游地。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land.”可知此处表示“保卫、防护”，故填B。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：本周发生的历史性洪水，以三次超过1.5米（近5英尺）的洪水和53年来最高的1.87米（6英尺，1英寸）的洪水为标志，使得建立一个承认威尼斯独特性的政府的呼声更加强烈，因为威尼斯的珍宝集中，脆弱性日益增加。此处缺少动词做谓语，用的是现在完成时，此处需要填过去分词，根据“calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice”可知此处表示“加重”，故填E。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上，修饰名词vulnerability用形容词，根据“its concentration of treasures”可知此处表示“日益增长的”，故填A。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：洪水造成损失估计约为数亿欧元，但真正的范围只会随着时间的推移而逐渐明朗。修饰动词estimated用副词，根据“but the true range will only become clear with time.”可知此处表示“大约”，故填K。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：挫败感远远超出了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障的程度，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“the failure to complete”可知此处表示“激活”，故填J。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意同上，此处需要填动词做谓语，上文说威尼斯本周遭受了洪水的袭击，因此此处表示“遭受”，故填G。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：由于该系统经过16年的工作和50亿欧元的投资，尚未完成甚至部分测试，许多人怀疑它会起作用。修饰动词tested用副词，根据“not yet completed”可知此处表示“部分地”，故填C。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：在公共层面，改善城市管理的建议包括给予威尼斯一定程度的自治权，一些意大利地区，如特伦蒂诺阿尔托阿迪和讲德语的少数民族已经享有自治权，或者提供税收减免以鼓励威尼斯的人口重新增长。做including的宾语用动名词，根据“some level of autonomy(自制) to Venice”可知此处表示“授予”，故填H。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意同上，做动词offering的宾语用名词，根据“to encourage Venice’s repopulation”可知此处会提到一项积极的惠民政策，tax breaks表示“税收减免”，故填F。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：这意味着看护街区、监督公共维修问题或有需要的邻居的人会减少。做动词短语monitoring for的宾语用名词，根据“public maintenance”可知此处表示“问题”，故填I。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, it would be____21____to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse. Contrary to this assumption, ____22____, as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can____23____help to make things better.
One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥) them of their bark(树皮). Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious____24____, set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned____25____, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology. In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively____26____fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula(马鲁拉树), in all three zones. He picked marulas because they are particular____27____of elephant activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike. But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark. In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to____28____from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage, they____29____the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen. To their____30____, they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their lost____31____during the two years of the study. Those living in the biennial(两年一次的) burn zone re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were____32____re-grew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to____33____tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might____34____colonize and damage them. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually____35____to sick ones.
21. A. difficult B. reasonable C. necessary D. awful
22. A. however B. therefore C. furthermore D. somehow
23. A. uniquely B. barely C. actually D. merely
24. A. phenomenon B. evidence C. imagination D. assumption
25. A. equally B. regularly C. severely D. purposely
26. A. burnt with B. protected from C. covered by D. exposed to
27. A. participants B. partners C. victims D. friends
28. A. mark B. remove C. hit D. measure
29. A. regulated B. checked C. healed D. monitored
30. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. relief
31. A. vitality B. height C. bark D. strength
32. A. controlled B. prevented C. started D. boosted
33. A. disturb B. promote C. impact D. quicken
34. A. therefore B. nevertheless C. then D. otherwise
35. A. beneficial B. unbelievable C. effective D. cruel
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了维格利博士通过实验发现丛林大火实际上对被大象破坏的树木是有益的。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而丛林大火也经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由认为两者的结合会使情况更糟。A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的、有理由的；C. necessary必要的；D. awful可怕的。大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而灌木丛大火也经常会导致树木死亡，所以我们有理由认为两者的结合会使生态变得更糟，故B项正确。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，与这个假设相反，正如本杰明·维格利最近发表的研究所显示的，如果一棵树已经被损坏，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. furthermore此外；D. somehow不知何故。空前的“Contrary to this assumption”表明接下来介绍的情况与前面的假设相反，此处表示转折，故A项正确。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uniquely独特地；B. barely勉强；C. actually实际上；D. merely仅仅。根据空前的“Contrary to this assumption”可知，与这个假设相反，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况，故C项正确。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：维格利博士确实是从一个显而易见的假设出发的，他开始着手研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重。A. phenomenon现象；B. evidence证据； C. imagination想象；D. assumption假设。空后说为了达到这个目的，他在克鲁格国家公园设立了一个研究中心，自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地，由此可知，维格利博士的研究是从一个假设出发的，故D项正确。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地。A. equally平等地；B. regularly定期地、有规律地；C. severely严重地；D. purposely故意地。为了研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重，实验中自然需要定期焚烧土地，故B项正确。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护。A. burnt with为……所煎熬；B. protected from使免受；C. covered by被……覆盖；D. exposed to暴露于。空前说在这些实验中，维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，这两个区域的树木都是被烧的，而且下文说取下树皮之后，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，由此可知，为了做比较，第三个区域的树木应该是防止被烧，最后一段中的fire-prevention也是提示，故B项正确。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他选马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特别受害者。A. participants参与者；B. partners搭档；C. victims受害者；D. friends朋友。根据空后的“But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark.”可知，但大象似乎也喜欢吃它们的树皮，因此马鲁拉树是大象活动的特别受害者，故C项正确。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域都找到20个马鲁拉树，并使用特殊工具从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮。A. mark标志；B. remove去除；C. hit打击；D. measure测量。根据下文中的“wounds”可知，他们取下了一块树皮，故B项正确。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在造成了这种伤害之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么。A. regulated调节；B. checked检查；C. healed治愈；D. monitored监控。根据空后的“to see what would happen”可知，他们对伤口进行了监测以观察会发生什么，故D项正确。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，他们发现，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木。A. disappointment失望；B. surprise惊讶；C. joy欢乐； D. relief减轻。空后说火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，这一点是令他们非常惊讶的，故B项正确。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. vitality活力；B. height高度；C. bark树皮；D. strength力量。上文说他们从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮，因此此处指他们观察树皮的再生情况，故C项正确。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树皮，那些生活在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了72%。A. controlled控制；B. prevented防止；C. started开始；D. boosted促进。上文说维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则受到了积极的防火保护，因此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，故B项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：蚂蚁是一种已知会破坏树木的物种，被认为会干扰组织愈合。A. disturb打扰、干扰；B. promote提升；C. impact产生影响；D. quicken加快。空前说蚂蚁会破坏树木，因此它们会干扰组织愈合，故A项正确。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，看起来好像丛林大火是通过杀死蚂蚁来治疗树木的伤口，否则蚂蚁可能会在那里安家和破坏树木。A. therefore因此；B. nevertheless不过；C. then那么；D. otherwise否则。大火烧死了会破坏树木的蚂蚁，否则它们将在树的伤口处安家和破坏树木，故D项正确。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在一个由负变正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对受伤的树木是有益的。A. beneficial有益的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. effective有效的；D. cruel残忍的。上文说在防火区的20棵树中，有一半在伤口处出现了蚂蚁窝，而在火灾区受伤的树木的伤口处很少出现蚂蚁窝，这表明火灾对受伤的树木是有益的，故A项正确。
【点睛】本篇第12空难度较大，抓住上文对维格利博士实验中的三个区域的介绍是关键，根据上文中的“Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively____6____fire.”可知，维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护， 因此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，说的是在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树皮，那些生活在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了72%。。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.
The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.
The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled(潦草地写) on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.
Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd passed away the previous Christmas.
As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.
We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.
I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman's turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earlier
36. What does "she had a job to do" (Para. 1) mean according to the context?
A. She had a regular job in the store. B. She wanted to ask for help.
C. She wanted to buy a DVD. D. She was thinking of what to buy.
37. What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?
A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.
B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.
C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.
D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.
38. While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ______.
A. hesitant B. casual
C. cautious D. considerate
39. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To describe what a movie nut is like
B. To remind readers to spending more time accompanying family
C. To stress the importance of company and understanding.
D. To explore the key aspects of current parental-child relationship
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个老太太想买DVD，她的女儿却极不耐烦，一个店员注意到这一点后，耐心地陪老太太找DVD，表现得很体贴，给了她一次不受拘束的陪伴。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf.”可知，这个老太太与女儿分开后开始扫视最近架子上的DVD，因此“她还有工作要做”指的是“她想要买一个DVD”，故C项正确。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled(潦草地写) on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.”可知，那个老太太朝店员微笑，给她看了一张皱巴巴的纸上潦草写着的标题，很明显，一个想看电影的人对电影、对质量都略知一二，由此可知，那个标题显示了这个位老太太对电影有些了解，故A项正确。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.”可知，当店员陪着老太太沿着商店后面找DVD时，她讲述了它的平面图：旧电视剧、动作片、动画片、科幻片，这个老太太似乎很高兴能有这样一个不受拘束的陪伴和随意的交谈，由此可知，在和老太太一起找DVD时，店员很体贴，故D项正确。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience”及第三段中的“The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.”可知，文章主要讲述了一个老太太想买DVD，而她的女儿却极不耐烦，一个店员注意到这一点后，耐心地陪老太太找DVD，表现得很体贴，给了她一次不受拘束的陪伴，与老太太女儿的态度形成了鲜明的对比，由此可知，这篇文章主要是强调陪伴和理解的重要性，故C项正确。
【点睛】本篇第4题难度较大，抓住店员和老太太女儿的态度对比是关键，通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience”及第三段中的“The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.”可知，文章主要讲述了一个老太太想买DVD，她的女儿却极不耐烦，一个店员注意到这一点后，耐心地陪老太太找DVD，表现得很体贴，给了她一次不受拘束的陪伴，与老太太女儿不耐烦的态度形成了鲜明的对比，由此可知，这篇文章主要是强调陪伴和理解的重要性。
(B)
As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest. It's a vague, pit-of-the-stomach fear that sneaks up to you -- that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4:00 a.m., or when your dentist looks into your mouth and says "Hmm" for the third time.
Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety--- adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.
How to prevent anxiety then?
Meditate. Maybe you're just high-strung. If so, meditation(冥想) is worth a try. It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.
Jog,walk, swim, or cycle. If you can't make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive like running or swimming laps.
Treatment?
Remember to breathe. When you're anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly. That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect. To make sure that you're breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm(横膈膜), just below your rib cage(胸腔). Feel it rise with each inhalation(吸气) and fall with each exhalation.
Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job. Ask yourself "What, in particular, am I afraid that I'll mess up?" Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe you're worried that you're blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings. Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.
40. Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety?
A. Lower in concentration. B. No appetite.
C. Heart racing. D. High blood pressure.
41. According to the passage, what can be done to avoid anxiety?
A. Exercising regularly. B. Keeping breath steady.
C. Breathing with the help of hands. D. Adjusting the pace of life.
42. What is the last paragraph about?
A. Anxiety at work and its solutions. B. People's anxiety about their capabilities.
C. The reason for someone's incompetence. D. The function of public speaking class.
【答案】40. D 41. A 42. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了焦虑的危害以及防止和应对焦虑的方法。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety--- adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.”可知，持续的焦虑会让你晚上失眠，让你烦躁，破坏你集中注意力的能力，破坏你的食欲。焦虑产生的准备状态——肾上腺素抽吸、心跳加速、手掌出汗——可能会导致高血压和心脏病，由此可知，注意力不集中、没有食欲、心跳加速是直接由焦虑引起的，而高血压是其间接引起的，故D项正确。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive”可知，锻炼可以和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是如果它是重复性的，由此可知，经常锻炼会防止焦虑，故A项正确。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。通读最后一段，特别是根据“Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job.”及“If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.”可知，本段主要讲的是工作中的焦虑及其解决方法——调整自己的步调以便更好地完成最后期限，或者参加一个公开演讲班，故A项正确。
(C)
Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone. One researcher called the work “a mind-blower.”
“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it's a first,” team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post. “To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting. Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities Through this technology, they're able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.”
The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recently found. DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra.
Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva(唾液) absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind-blower”. She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied(定期往来) by British and American ships. "As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa," she said, “whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity was lost. Their humanity is stripped from. Who they are as a people has gone.”
The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors. Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery “overwhelming.” “I'm sitting here about ready to cry,” she said. “I'm sorry. I'm so happy Thank God for the DNA.”
This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation. It formally ended in December 1865, after the civil war, with the approval of the 13th amendment(修正案).
43. What does the phrase “a mind-blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to?
A. A surprise B. A confusion
C. An excitement D. A fascination
44. According to Hannes Schroeder, the pipe stem was of great significance because________.
A. it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa.
B. it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman.
C. it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities.
D. it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner.
45 What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa.
B. The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern.
C. African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation.
D. Nancy Daniels, a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research.
46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslaved
B. A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African woman
C. The descendants of enslaved people seek their identities
D. DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research
【答案】43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了考古学家在一根旧管子上提取的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting. Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities.”可知，能够从一个像管柱一样的物体中提取DNA是相当令人兴奋的，对后代社区来说也是令人兴奋的，由此可知画线词指的是“一件令人兴奋的事情”，故C项正确、
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Through this technology, they're able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.”可知，汉内斯施罗德说通过这项技术，他们不仅可以与发现它的地点建立联系，还可能与非洲它主人的祖先建立起联系，由此可知，汉内斯施罗德认为这根管柱具有重要的意义是因为它包含了它主人的祖先背景的基因线索，故C项正确。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone.”可知，考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA确定了这个奴隶的起源，这只是持续进行的奴隶制研究的一个新成果，由此可知，美国奴隶制的历史一直是一个令人关注的话题，故B项正确。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone.”可知，考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地是现代的塞拉利昂，由此可知，本文主要讲的是一根旧管子上的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源，故A项正确。
【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度较大，要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地概括出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，科普类说明文一般开篇即点明主题，例如本篇第4题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone.”可知，考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地是现代的塞拉利昂，故A项（一根旧管子上的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源）适合做文章标题。
Section C
Directions: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.
The price of a piece of history
A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.
What was so special about this lemon? ___47___ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's death
Two thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years. ___48___
Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.
___49___ For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help. ___50___ To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter.
Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.
Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.
A. Stephen Hawking’s wheelchair fetched 296, 750 at a sale at Christie's in London last November.
B. Yet determining potential values of such objects isn't easy.
C. It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington at Mount Vernon.
D. The auction result surely drew the attention from both the business and economics worlds.
E. The uniqueness of many of these objects further complicates efforts to put a value on them.
F Therefore the unique value of many objects proved the worth of collection.
【答案】47. C 48. A 49. B 50. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个名人物品的拍卖案例以及评估名人物品的拍卖价值的难度。
【47题详解】
空后说根据一份附在装有柠檬的半密封瓶子上的手写笔迹，1842年5月，华盛顿的“老园丁”在第一任总统去世43年后采摘了这颗水果，因此此处应该会提到美国第一任总统华盛顿与这颗柠檬的关系，故C项（据说是乔治·华盛顿在弗农山庄种下的一棵树）符合语境。
【48题详解】
空前说然而，与近年来其他历史收藏品的价格相比，这次拍卖可能被认为是一次便宜的交易，因此此处会提到近年来的一次知名人物的物品的拍卖情况，故A项（去年11月，斯蒂芬·霍金的轮椅在伦敦克里斯蒂拍卖行以296,750英镑的价格成交）符合语境。
【49题详解】
空后说一方面，它们的所有权历史既至关重要，有时也很难证明，因此此处应该会提到确定名人的物品的拍卖价值有一定的难度，故B项（然而，确定这些物品的潜在价值并不容易）符合语境。
【50题详解】
空前说名人与物品的照片以及文件（如信件、日记或熟人提及物品的回忆）也有帮助，空后又说要评估毕加索画作的价值，可以看看其他同时期、类似大小或风格的毕加索画作的价格，而最近拍出的由乔治华盛顿种植的柠檬则是另一回事，这说明有些物品的独特性使评估及价值有难度，故E项（这些物品中有许多都是独一无二的，这进一步使评估它们的工作复杂化）符合语境。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life
Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s.
The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular.
Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.
Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay.
The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better.
【答案】Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Global warming is another cause. Finally intensive farming is also to blame for oxygen loss, because its wastes feeds algae, which consumes lots of oxygen. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat.
Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Besides, global warming is responsible as it leads to lower oxygen storage and stratification. Finally, intensive farming also results in the oxygen loss. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括海洋中的含氧量正在迅速下降，危及海洋生物。工业污染物，尤其是塑料废物和二氧化碳的增加，是最致命的原因，全球变暖是另一个原因，最后，精耕细作也是氧气流失的罪魁祸首，因为它的废物喂养藻类，藻类消耗大量氧气，我们应采取措施应对这一被忽视的威胁。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 面对紧急情况时，他是多么的冷静啊！ (How)
53. 致力于保护濒临灭绝的海洋生物，人人有责。 (commit)
54. 看到挂满枝头鲜红嫩绿的果实，他们不禁心生欢喜。(can’t help)
55. 当政府开始号召人们进行垃圾分类时，人们才意识到这是迈向保护环境的重要一步。(Only)
【答案】52. How calm he was when (he was) faced with emergent situations/the emergency!
53. It is everyone’s duty to be committed to protecting the endangered marine life.
54. At the sight of the fruits with brilliant colors hanging on the branches, they couldn’t help feeling admiring them.
55. Only when the government called on the citizens to classify garbage did they realize that it was an important step towards protecting the environment.
【解析】
本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。
【52题详解】
考查感叹句和状语从句（的省略）。be faced with表示“面对”，根据句意可知本句用“how+形容词+主语+谓语”形式的感叹句，同时用when引导时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式，可省略从句的主语和be，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：How calm he was when (he was) faced with emergent situations/the emergency!
【53题详解】
考查形式主语和非谓语动词。be committed to doing表示“致力于……”，根据句意可知本句用it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故翻译为：It is everyone’s duty to be committed to protecting the endangered marine life.
【54题详解】
考查固定句式和with的复合结构。at the sight of表示“看到”，can’t help doing表示“不禁……”，根据句意可知此处的hang表示状态，为不及物动词，本句使用“with+名词+现在分词”的复合结构，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：At the sight of the fruits with brilliant colors hanging on the branches, they couldn’t help feeling admiring them.
【55题详解】
考查不定式和倒装。call on sb to do sth表示“号召某人做某事”，当only+状语位于句首时要才用部分倒装，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：Only when the government called on the citizens to classify garbage did they realize that it was an important step towards protecting the environment.
VI. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
随着移动网络的发展，各种手机APP应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许多同络。现学生会发起一项清理手机APP的倡议，如果你只能从以下四个APPs：Wechat，Taobao，E-dictionary，Glory of Kings (mobile game)中保留两个，你会如何选择，并说明理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】With the development of mobile network, various kinds of mobile apps come into being, which brings great convenience to our life, but many students are addicted to the network, for example, some students are keen to use mobile Taobao for online shopping, while others are addicted to an online game called Glory of Kings. As for me, I think app should not only let us contact with others, but also serve as a learning tool, so I choose Wechat, which allows me to communicate with my family and friends. In addition, I also think E-dictionary is a useful app, through which I can look up unfamiliar new words and increase my English vocabulary.
In view of the reasons above, I think Wechat and E-dictionary are the two kinds of apps that do good to us students.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求选择两个APP并说明理由。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求选择两个APP并说明理由：随着移动网络的发展，各种手机APP应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许多同络。现学生会发起一项清理手机APP的倡议，如果你只能从以下四个APPs：Wechat，Taobao，E-dictionary，Glory of Kings (mobile game)中保留两个，你会如何选择，并说明理由。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； mobile network（移动网络），development（发展），convenience（便利），useful（有用的）， unfamiliar（不熟悉的）及various（不同的）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有come into being（应运而生），be addicted to（沉溺于），serve as（充当），contact with (与……联系)，look up（查阅），be keen to（热衷于）以及do good to(有利于），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“With the development of mobile network, various kinds of mobile apps come into being, which brings great convenience to our life”，“so I choose Wechat, which allows me to communicate with my family and friends.”及“I also think E-dictionary is a useful app, through which I can look up unfamiliar new words and increase my English vocabulary.”，定语从句“In view of the reasons above, I think Wechat and E-dictionary are the two kinds of apps that do good to us students.”，宾语从句“As for me, I think app should not only let us contact with others, but also serve as a learning tool”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
2019学年第一学期奉贤区调研测试
高三英语试卷
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. April 9th. B. April 8th. C. April 19th. D. April 21st.
2. A. In a post office. B. On the campus.
C. In the Main hall. D. In the Administration building.
3. A. 2 dollars. B. 4 dollars. C. 8 dollars. D. 5 dollars.
4. A. The bag. B. The umbrella. C. The camera. D. Water.
5. A. He had a visitor. B. He missed the bus.
C. He forgot the time. D. He didn’t like the film.
6. A. Surprising. B. Good. C. Untrue. D. Doubtful.
7. A. The man feels sorry for the woman. B. The area is for passengers only.
C. The woman is asking the man to leave. D. The man is a member of the staff.
8. A. The test consisted of one page.
B. The exam was difficult for the woman.
C. The woman spent an hour on the first page.
D. The woman got to the last question finally.
9. A. It costs a lot. B. It produces good results.
D. It’s of no use. D. It’s too exhausting.
10. A. To give up one course temporarily. B. To pick some easier courses this term.
C. To drop out of school this term. D. To study harder to meet the requirements.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of them. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Joyful. B. Disappointed. C. Excited. D. Unexpected.
12. A. Everything happens for a reason. B. Trust your instincts.
C. Take faith in yourself. D. Focus on one thing at a time.
13. A. Turn to others’ for advice. B. Try as many different things as you can.
C. Lose no time to take action. D. Travel for new experiences and inspiration.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. 57 B. 75 C. 76 D. 43
15. A. physical or emotional violence. B. risk of developing cancer.
C. ruined family relationship. D. polluted indoor air quality.
16. A. The importance of banning domestic smoking.
B. A new law against domestic smoking.
C. The harmful effects of domestic smoking.
D. Active smokers and passive smokers.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Journalist of a local newspaper. B. Director of evening radio programs.
C. Producer of television commercials. D. Hostess of the weekly “Business World”.
18. A. He ran three restaurants with his wife’s help.
B. He and his wife did everything by themselves.
C. He worked both as a cook and a waiter.
D. He hired a cook and two local waitresses.
19. A. He doesn’t need to do any advertising nowadays.
B. He advertises on radio and in local newspapers.
C. He spends huge sums on TV commercials every year.
D. He hires children to distribute ads in shopping centers.
20. A. The restaurant location. B. The restaurant atmosphere.
C. The food quality. D. The satisfaction of customers.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Ancient Myth---A Hit With Modern Audiences
This summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re-telling of the ancient myth of Nezha. The animated film ___1___(take) in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever. It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to ___2___produced in Hollywood and Japan.
The film, directed by Yang Yu, was a massive undertaking(任务) from start to finish. He spent two years writing the script(剧本) and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1,600 animators. But for Yang, it was a way to prove to himself that he ___3___change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well.
“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career,” said Yang, “Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams.”
___4___(convey) the message that “your fate is in your own hands,” Yang made some changes to the original myth. Nezha was born a devil(恶魔),___5___(fate) to cause mischief(恶作剧), but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing, the third son of the Dragon King.
___6___the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys, in Yang’s film, all of the characters are treated with empathy, and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate,___7___, actually, have the potential to change and become good.
Over the years, I have come across a few students labeled as “devils.” Although some misbehaved simply ___8___ they were not mature enough, others were trouble-making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood. Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad. As they grew up, they would have the power to change their circumstances.
If you have seen Nezha, you know ___9___a terrific, entertaining film it is. But an important lesson is also conveyed in the film___10___we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly, so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate.
【答案】1. has taken
2. those 3. could
4. To convey
5. fated 6. Despite
7. who 8. because
9. what 10. that
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了取得巨大成功的国产动画电影《哪吒之魔童降世》幕后的创作故事。
【1题详解】
考查时态。句意：这部动画片票房已超过40亿元，成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一。此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时，主语是The animated film，谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填has taken。
【2题详解】
考查指示代词。句意：事实证明，中国可以制作出与好莱坞和日本相当的动画片。此处指代与animated films同一类事物，表示“它们”，故填those。
【3题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：但对杨来说，这是一种向自己证明自己可以改变自己命运的方式，也可以激励别人改变自己的命运。此处表示过去的能力，表示“能、可以”，故填could。
【4题详解】
考查不定式。句意：为了传达“命运掌握在自己手中”，杨对原来的神话做了一些改变。根据句意可知此处表示目的，用不定式做目的状语，故填To convey。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。意：哪吒生来就是个恶魔，注定要捣蛋。be fated to do表示“命中注定会……”，此处去掉be做状语，故填fated。
【6题详解】
考查介词。句意：尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚，但在杨的电影中，所有的角色都受到了同情，甚至连坏人也成为了命运的牺牲品，他们实际上有改变和变好的可能。
根据句意可知此处表示“尽管”，空后接的是名词the ancient myth（是being very clear about 的逻辑主语）而不是句子，故填介词Despite。
【7题详解】
考查非限定性定语从句。句意同上，此处为非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词victims（指人）并在从句中做主语，故填who。
【8题详解】
考查连词。句意：虽然有些人的错误行为仅仅是因为他们不够成熟，但也有些人在心情不好的时候会制造麻烦，不合作。根据句意可知前后是因果关系，此处表示原因，故填because。
【9题详解】
考查感叹句。句意：如果你看过《哪吒》，你就会知道这是一部多么精彩、多么有趣的电影。分析句子结构并结合句意可知此处为“what+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数”形式的感叹句，故填what。
【10题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：但影片中也传达出一个重要的教训，那就是不要对自己或他人过于苛刻，以免让那些消极的判断左右我们的命运。此处为同位语从句，解释lesson的具体内容，从句成分完整，故用that仅起连接作用，无实义，故填that。
Section B
Direction: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Flood-hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problems
Venetians(威尼斯人) are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems: record-breaking flooding, environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over-tourism.
They feel largely left to their own devices, with ever-fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to____11____its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land.
The historic flooding this week---marked by three floods over 1.5 meters (nearly 5 feet) and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters(6 feet, 1 inch)---has____12____calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice, for both its concentration of treasures and its____13____vulnerability.
Flood damage has been____14____estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros (dollars), but the true range will only become clear with time. The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and____15____78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has____16____this week. With the system not yet completed or even____17____tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros ($5.5 billion) invested, many are suspicious it will even work.
At the public level, proposals for better administering the city including____18____some level of autonomy(自制) to Venice, already enjoyed by some Italian regions like Trentino-Alto-Adige with its German-speaking minority, or offering tax____19____to encourage Venice’s repopulation.
Just 53000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice, down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1,000 people a year. That means fewer people watching the neighborhood, monitoring for public maintenance____20____or neighbors in need. Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals, which can make even a simple errand a hard journey.
【答案】11. B 12. E
13. A 14. K
15. J 16. G
17. C 18. H
19. F 20. I
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了威尼斯在遭受洪水袭击之后人口日益减少，这带来了很多问题。
11题详解】
考查动词。句意：越来越少的威尼斯人居住在城市的历史地段，以维护城市的利益，并防止它成为主要的旅游地。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land.”可知此处表示“保卫、防护”，故填B。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：本周发生的历史性洪水，以三次超过1.5米（近5英尺）的洪水和53年来最高的1.87米（6英尺，1英寸）的洪水为标志，使得建立一个承认威尼斯独特性的政府的呼声更加强烈，因为威尼斯的珍宝集中，脆弱性日益增加。此处缺少动词做谓语，用的是现在完成时，此处需要填过去分词，根据“calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice”可知此处表示“加重”，故填E。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意同上，修饰名词vulnerability用形容词，根据“its concentration of treasures”可知此处表示“日益增长的”，故填A。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：洪水造成损失估计约为数亿欧元，但真正的范围只会随着时间的推移而逐渐明朗。修饰动词estimated用副词，根据“but the true range will only become clear with time.”可知此处表示“大约”，故填K。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：挫败感远远超出了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障的程度，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏。空前的to为不定式符号，此处需要填动词原形，根据“the failure to complete”可知此处表示“激活”，故填J。
【16题详解】
考查动词。句意同上，此处需要填动词做谓语，上文说威尼斯本周遭受了洪水的袭击，因此此处表示“遭受”，故填G。
【17题详解】
考查副词。句意：由于该系统经过16年的工作和50亿欧元的投资，尚未完成甚至部分测试，许多人怀疑它会起作用。修饰动词tested用副词，根据“not yet completed”可知此处表示“部分地”，故填C。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：在公共层面，改善城市管理的建议包括给予威尼斯一定程度的自治权，一些意大利地区，如特伦蒂诺阿尔托阿迪和讲德语的少数民族已经享有自治权，或者提供税收减免以鼓励威尼斯的人口重新增长。做including的宾语用动名词，根据“some level of autonomy(自制) to Venice”可知此处表示“授予”，故填H。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意同上，做动词offering的宾语用名词，根据“to encourage Venice’s repopulation”可知此处会提到一项积极的惠民政策，tax breaks表示“税收减免”，故填F。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：这意味着看护街区、监督公共维修问题或有需要的邻居的人会减少。做动词短语monitoring for的宾语用名词，根据“public maintenance”可知此处表示“问题”，故填I。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Ecology is a complicated thing. Given the facts that elephant damage often kills trees and bush fires often kill trees, it would be____21____to assume that a combination of the two would make things worse. Contrary to this assumption, ____22____, as the recently-published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can____23____help to make things better.
One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping(剥) them of their bark(树皮). Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious____24____, set off to find out how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping. To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park. Since 1954, the Kruger has been the site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned____25____, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology. In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively____26____fire. To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula(马鲁拉树), in all three zones. He picked marulas because they are particular____27____of elephant activity. Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike. But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark. In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to____28____from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter. Having imposed this damage, they____29____the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen. To their____30____, they discovered that the wounds of trees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires at all. Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re-grew 98% of their lost____31____during the two years of the study. Those living in the biennial(两年一次的) burn zone re-grew 92% of it. But those in the zone where fires were____32____re-grew only 72%.
The researchers also found something else when they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants. Ten of the 20 trees in the fire-prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds. The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to____33____tissue healing. By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds. It looks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might____34____colonize and damage them. Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually____35____to sick ones.
21. A. difficult B. reasonable C. necessary D. awful
22. A. however B. therefore C. furthermore D. somehow
23. A. uniquely B. barely C. actually D. merely
24. A. phenomenon B. evidence C. imagination D. assumption
25. A. equally B. regularly C. severely D. purposely
26. A. burnt with B. protected from C. covered by D. exposed to
27. A. participants B. partners C. victims D. friends
28. A. mark B. remove C. hit D. measure
29. A. regulated B. checked C. healed D. monitored
30. A. disappointment B. surprise C. joy D. relief
31. A. vitality B. height C. bark D. strength
32. A. controlled B. prevented C. started D. boosted
33. A. disturb B. promote C. impact D. quicken
34. A. therefore B. nevertheless C. then D. otherwise
35. A. beneficial B. unbelievable C. effective D. cruel
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. B 31. C 32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了维格利博士通过实验发现丛林大火实际上对被大象破坏的树木是有益的。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：考虑到大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而丛林大火也经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由认为两者的结合会使情况更糟。A. difficult困难的；B. reasonable合理的、有理由的；C. necessary必要的；D. awful可怕的。大象的伤害经常会导致树木死亡，而灌木丛大火也经常会导致树木死亡，所以我们有理由认为两者的结合会使生态变得更糟，故B项正确。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，与这个假设相反，正如本杰明·维格利最近发表的研究所显示的，如果一棵树已经被损坏，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. furthermore此外；D. somehow不知何故。空前的“Contrary to this assumption”表明接下来介绍的情况与前面的假设相反，此处表示转折，故A项正确。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意同上。A. uniquely独特地；B. barely勉强；C. actually实际上；D. merely仅仅。根据空前的“Contrary to this assumption”可知，与这个假设相反，火灾实际上可以帮助改善情况，故C项正确。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：维格利博士确实是从一个显而易见的假设出发的，他开始着手研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重。A. phenomenon现象；B. evidence证据； C. imagination想象；D. assumption假设。空后说为了达到这个目的，他在克鲁格国家公园设立了一个研究中心，自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地，由此可知，维格利博士的研究是从一个假设出发的，故D项正确。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：自1954年以来，为了了解火灾对平原生态的影响，人们一直在克鲁格进行实验，定期焚烧小块土地。A. equally平等地；B. regularly定期地、有规律地；C. severely严重地；D. purposely故意地。为了研究丛林大火对树皮剥落的影响有多严重，实验中自然需要定期焚烧土地，故B项正确。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护。A. burnt with为……所煎熬；B. protected from使免受；C. covered by被……覆盖；D. exposed to暴露于。空前说在这些实验中，维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，这两个区域的树木都是被烧的，而且下文说取下树皮之后，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，由此可知，为了做比较，第三个区域的树木应该是防止被烧，最后一段中的fire-prevention也是提示，故B项正确。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他选马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特别受害者。A. participants参与者；B. partners搭档；C. victims受害者；D. friends朋友。根据空后的“But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark.”可知，但大象似乎也喜欢吃它们的树皮，因此马鲁拉树是大象活动的特别受害者，故C项正确。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域都找到20个马鲁拉树，并使用特殊工具从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮。A. mark标志；B. remove去除；C. hit打击；D. measure测量。根据下文中的“wounds”可知，他们取下了一块树皮，故B项正确。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在造成了这种伤害之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么。A. regulated调节；B. checked检查；C. healed治愈；D. monitored监控。根据空后的“to see what would happen”可知，他们对伤口进行了监测以观察会发生什么，故D项正确。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：令他们惊讶的是，他们发现，火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木。A. disappointment失望；B. surprise惊讶；C. joy欢乐； D. relief减轻。空后说火灾区树木的伤口恢复得远远好于那些根本没有经受火灾的树木，这一点是令他们非常惊讶的，故B项正确。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. vitality活力；B. height高度；C. bark树皮；D. strength力量。上文说他们从每棵马鲁拉树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮，因此此处指他们观察树皮的再生情况，故C项正确。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树皮，那些生活在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了72%。A. controlled控制；B. prevented防止；C. started开始；D. boosted促进。上文说维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则受到了积极的防火保护，因此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，故B项正确。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：蚂蚁是一种已知会破坏树木的物种，被认为会干扰组织愈合。A. disturb打扰、干扰；B. promote提升；C. impact产生影响；D. quicken加快。空前说蚂蚁会破坏树木，因此它们会干扰组织愈合，故A项正确。
【34题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，看起来好像丛林大火是通过杀死蚂蚁来治疗树木的伤口，否则蚂蚁可能会在那里安家和破坏树木。A. therefore因此；B. nevertheless不过；C. then那么；D. otherwise否则。大火烧死了会破坏树木的蚂蚁，否则它们将在树的伤口处安家和破坏树木，故D项正确。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在一个由负变正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对受伤的树木是有益的。A. beneficial有益的；B. unbelievable难以置信的；C. effective有效的；D. cruel残忍的。上文说在防火区的20棵树中，有一半在伤口处出现了蚂蚁窝，而在火灾区受伤的树木的伤口处很少出现蚂蚁窝，这表明火灾对受伤的树木是有益的，故A项正确。
【点睛】本篇第12空难度较大，抓住上文对维格利博士实验中的三个区域的介绍是关键，根据上文中的“Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively____6____fire.”可知，维格利博士观察了三个不同区域的树木，其中一个区域的树木每年都被烧，第二个区域的树木每隔一年就被烧，第三个区域则相反，受到了积极的防火保护， 因此此处指的是受到了积极的防火保护的区域，说的是在这两年的研究中，在每年一次的火灾区受伤的树木重新生长了98%的树皮，那些生活在两年一次的火灾区的树木重新增长了92%，但那些在防火区的树木只长了72%。。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
There was something in the elderly woman's behavior that caught my eye. Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitation in her gestures. She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested. And she had a job to do.
The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter. The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds. If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers.
The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf. After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something. The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled(潦草地写) on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.
Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it. Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment. Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who'd passed away the previous Christmas.
As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.
We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice. She smiled and told me it was one she'd enjoyed when she was her son's age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had. Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children. Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store.
I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman. When the older woman's turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she'd displayed earlier
36. What does "she had a job to do" (Para. 1) mean according to the context?
A. She had a regular job in the store. B. She wanted to ask for help.
C. She wanted to buy a DVD. D. She was thinking of what to buy.
37. What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant?
A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies.
B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children.
C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked.
D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies.
38. While looking for the DVD with the old woman, the shop assistant was ______.
A. hesitant B. casual
C. cautious D. considerate
39. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To describe what a movie nut is like
B. To remind readers to spending more time accompanying family
C. To stress the importance of company and understanding.
D. To explore the key aspects of current parental-child relationship
【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个老太太想买DVD，她的女儿却极不耐烦，一个店员注意到这一点后，耐心地陪老太太找DVD，表现得很体贴，给了她一次不受拘束的陪伴。
【36题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中的“The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf.”可知，这个老太太与女儿分开后开始扫视最近架子上的DVD，因此“她还有工作要做”指的是“她想要买一个DVD”，故C项正确。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled(潦草地写) on a crumpled piece of paper. The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar. Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality.”可知，那个老太太朝店员微笑，给她看了一张皱巴巴的纸上潦草写着的标题，很明显，一个想看电影的人对电影、对质量都略知一二，由此可知，那个标题显示了这个位老太太对电影有些了解，故A项正确。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old television shows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction. The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.”可知，当店员陪着老太太沿着商店后面找DVD时，她讲述了它的平面图：旧电视剧、动作片、动画片、科幻片，这个老太太似乎很高兴能有这样一个不受拘束的陪伴和随意的交谈，由此可知，在和老太太一起找DVD时，店员很体贴，故D项正确。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience”及第三段中的“The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.”可知，文章主要讲述了一个老太太想买DVD，而她的女儿却极不耐烦，一个店员注意到这一点后，耐心地陪老太太找DVD，表现得很体贴，给了她一次不受拘束的陪伴，与老太太女儿的态度形成了鲜明的对比，由此可知，这篇文章主要是强调陪伴和理解的重要性，故C项正确。
【点睛】本篇第4题难度较大，抓住店员和老太太女儿的态度对比是关键，通读全文，特别是根据第二段中的“The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience”及第三段中的“The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation.”可知，文章主要讲述了一个老太太想买DVD，她的女儿却极不耐烦，一个店员注意到这一点后，耐心地陪老太太找DVD，表现得很体贴，给了她一次不受拘束的陪伴，与老太太女儿不耐烦的态度形成了鲜明的对比，由此可知，这篇文章主要是强调陪伴和理解的重要性。
(B)
As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest. It's a vague, pit-of-the-stomach fear that sneaks up to you -- that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4:00 a.m., or when your dentist looks into your mouth and says "Hmm" for the third time.
Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety--- adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.
How to prevent anxiety then?
Meditate. Maybe you're just high-strung. If so, meditation(冥想) is worth a try. It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control. A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8-week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward. People who are high-strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner.
Jog,walk, swim, or cycle. If you can't make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise. Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive like running or swimming laps.
Treatment?
Remember to breathe. When you're anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly. That makes you feel more anxious. Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect. To make sure that you're breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm(横膈膜), just below your rib cage(胸腔). Feel it rise with each inhalation(吸气) and fall with each exhalation.
Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job. Ask yourself "What, in particular, am I afraid that I'll mess up?" Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines. Or maybe you're worried that you're blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings. Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless. If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.
40. Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety?
A. Lower in concentration. B. No appetite.
C. Heart racing. D. High blood pressure.
41. According to the passage, what can be done to avoid anxiety?
A. Exercising regularly. B. Keeping breath steady.
C. Breathing with the help of hands. D. Adjusting the pace of life.
42. What is the last paragraph about?
A. Anxiety at work and its solutions. B. People's anxiety about their capabilities.
C. The reason for someone's incompetence. D. The function of public speaking class.
【答案】40. D 41. A 42. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了焦虑的危害以及防止和应对焦虑的方法。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite. And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety--- adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating--may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease.”可知，持续的焦虑会让你晚上失眠，让你烦躁，破坏你集中注意力的能力，破坏你的食欲。焦虑产生的准备状态——肾上腺素抽吸、心跳加速、手掌出汗——可能会导致高血压和心脏病，由此可知，注意力不集中、没有食欲、心跳加速是直接由焦虑引起的，而高血压是其间接引起的，故D项正确。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it's something repetitive”可知，锻炼可以和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是如果它是重复性的，由此可知，经常锻炼会防止焦虑，故A项正确。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。通读最后一段，特别是根据“Let's say you are anxious about your competence on the job.”及“If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class.”可知，本段主要讲的是工作中的焦虑及其解决方法——调整自己的步调以便更好地完成最后期限，或者参加一个公开演讲班，故A项正确。
(C)
Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone. One researcher called the work “a mind-blower.”
“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it's a first,” team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post. “To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting. Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities Through this technology, they're able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.”
The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recently found. DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra.
Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva(唾液) absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind-blower”. She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied(定期往来) by British and American ships. "As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa," she said, “whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity was lost. Their humanity is stripped from. Who they are as a people has gone.”
The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors. Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery “overwhelming.” “I'm sitting here about ready to cry,” she said. “I'm sorry. I'm so happy Thank God for the DNA.”
This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation. It formally ended in December 1865, after the civil war, with the approval of the 13th amendment(修正案).
43. What does the phrase “a mind-blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to?
A. A surprise B. A confusion
C. An excitement D. A fascination
44. According to Hannes Schroeder, the pipe stem was of great significance because________.
A. it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa.
B. it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman.
C. it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities.
D. it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner.
45 What can be inferred from the passage?
A. The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa.
B. The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern.
C. African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation.
D. Nancy Daniels, a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research.
46. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslaved
B. A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African woman
C. The descendants of enslaved people seek their identities
D. DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research
【答案】43. C 44. D 45. B 46. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了考古学家在一根旧管子上提取的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting. Also it is exciting for descendant(后裔) communities.”可知，能够从一个像管柱一样的物体中提取DNA是相当令人兴奋的，对后代社区来说也是令人兴奋的，由此可知画线词指的是“一件令人兴奋的事情”，故C项正确、
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Through this technology, they're able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa.”可知，汉内斯施罗德说通过这项技术，他们不仅可以与发现它的地点建立联系，还可能与非洲它主人的祖先建立起联系，由此可知，汉内斯施罗德认为这根管柱具有重要的意义是因为它包含了它主人的祖先背景的基因线索，故C项正确。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone.”可知，考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA确定了这个奴隶的起源，这只是持续进行的奴隶制研究的一个新成果，由此可知，美国奴隶制的历史一直是一个令人关注的话题，故B项正确。
【46题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone.”可知，考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地是现代的塞拉利昂，由此可知，本文主要讲的是一根旧管子上的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源，故A项正确。
【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度较大，要具有高度的概括性，准确全面地概括出文章内容，因此抓住文章主题是关键，科普类说明文一般开篇即点明主题，例如本篇第4题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段中的“Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern-day Sierra Leone.”可知，考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地是现代的塞拉利昂，故A项（一根旧管子上的DNA揭示了被奴役者的起源）适合做文章标题。
Section C
Directions: After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.
The price of a piece of history
A fresh lemon can be purchased for less than $1. But in 2008, Cowan's Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for $2,350.
What was so special about this lemon? ___47___ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon, the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington's "old gardener" some 43 years after the first president's death
Two thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce, even from the estate of a founding father. This sale, however, just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years. ___48___
Collecting a piece of history, or an object associated with a famous person, is not brand new. Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices, says Thomas Venning, director of Christie's department of books and manuscripts in London. Prices are being driven up, he says, by collectors in the U.S. and, increasingly, in Asia. The Hawking wheelchair, for example, was purchased by a private museum in China.
___49___ For one thing, their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove. Photographs of the famous person with the object, as well as documentation (such as letters, diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object) can also help. ___50___ To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting, one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period, similar size or style. Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter.
Katie Horstman, head of Cowan's American History department, says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction. Ms. Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at $3,000 to $4,000, she says, by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market.
Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at $3,000 to $4,000, according to description on its website. Objects associated with Washington these days, Ms. Horstman says, can sell for anywhere from 1,000 up to tens of thousands of dollars.
A. Stephen Hawking’s wheelchair fetched 296, 750 at a sale at Christie's in London last November.
B. Yet determining potential values of such objects isn't easy.
C. It was said to be from a tree planted by George Washington at Mount Vernon.
D. The auction result surely drew the attention from both the business and economics worlds.
E. The uniqueness of many of these objects further complicates efforts to put a value on them.
F Therefore the unique value of many objects proved the worth of collection.
【答案】47. C 48. A 49. B 50. E
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几个名人物品的拍卖案例以及评估名人物品的拍卖价值的难度。
【47题详解】
空后说根据一份附在装有柠檬的半密封瓶子上的手写笔迹，1842年5月，华盛顿的“老园丁”在第一任总统去世43年后采摘了这颗水果，因此此处应该会提到美国第一任总统华盛顿与这颗柠檬的关系，故C项（据说是乔治·华盛顿在弗农山庄种下的一棵树）符合语境。
【48题详解】
空前说然而，与近年来其他历史收藏品的价格相比，这次拍卖可能被认为是一次便宜的交易，因此此处会提到近年来的一次知名人物的物品的拍卖情况，故A项（去年11月，斯蒂芬·霍金的轮椅在伦敦克里斯蒂拍卖行以296,750英镑的价格成交）符合语境。
【49题详解】
空后说一方面，它们的所有权历史既至关重要，有时也很难证明，因此此处应该会提到确定名人的物品的拍卖价值有一定的难度，故B项（然而，确定这些物品的潜在价值并不容易）符合语境。
【50题详解】
空前说名人与物品的照片以及文件（如信件、日记或熟人提及物品的回忆）也有帮助，空后又说要评估毕加索画作的价值，可以看看其他同时期、类似大小或风格的毕加索画作的价格，而最近拍出的由乔治华盛顿种植的柠檬则是另一回事，这说明有些物品的独特性使评估及价值有难度，故E项（这些物品中有许多都是独一无二的，这进一步使评估它们的工作复杂化）符合语境。
IV. Summary Writing
51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine Life
Oxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s.
The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular.
Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.
Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay.
The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better.
【答案】Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Global warming is another cause. Finally intensive farming is also to blame for oxygen loss, because its wastes feeds algae, which consumes lots of oxygen. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat.
Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Besides, global warming is responsible as it leads to lower oxygen storage and stratification. Finally, intensive farming also results in the oxygen loss. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括海洋中的含氧量正在迅速下降，危及海洋生物。工业污染物，尤其是塑料废物和二氧化碳的增加，是最致命的原因，全球变暖是另一个原因，最后，精耕细作也是氧气流失的罪魁祸首，因为它的废物喂养藻类，藻类消耗大量氧气，我们应采取措施应对这一被忽视的威胁。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 面对紧急情况时，他是多么的冷静啊！ (How)
53. 致力于保护濒临灭绝的海洋生物，人人有责。 (commit)
54. 看到挂满枝头鲜红嫩绿的果实，他们不禁心生欢喜。(can’t help)
55. 当政府开始号召人们进行垃圾分类时，人们才意识到这是迈向保护环境的重要一步。(Only)
【答案】52. How calm he was when (he was) faced with emergent situations/the emergency!
53. It is everyone’s duty to be committed to protecting the endangered marine life.
54. At the sight of the fruits with brilliant colors hanging on the branches, they couldn’t help feeling admiring them.
55. Only when the government called on the citizens to classify garbage did they realize that it was an important step towards protecting the environment.
【解析】
本题考查翻译句子，注意使用括号内的提示词进行翻译。
【52题详解】
考查感叹句和状语从句（的省略）。be faced with表示“面对”，根据句意可知本句用“how+形容词+主语+谓语”形式的感叹句，同时用when引导时间状语从句，从句主语与主句主语一致且含有be的某种形式，可省略从句的主语和be，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：How calm he was when (he was) faced with emergent situations/the emergency!
【53题详解】
考查形式主语和非谓语动词。be committed to doing表示“致力于……”，根据句意可知本句用it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，故翻译为：It is everyone’s duty to be committed to protecting the endangered marine life.
【54题详解】
考查固定句式和with的复合结构。at the sight of表示“看到”，can’t help doing表示“不禁……”，根据句意可知此处的hang表示状态，为不及物动词，本句使用“with+名词+现在分词”的复合结构，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：At the sight of the fruits with brilliant colors hanging on the branches, they couldn’t help feeling admiring them.
【55题详解】
考查不定式和倒装。call on sb to do sth表示“号召某人做某事”，当only+状语位于句首时要才用部分倒装，语境表明事情发生在过去，用一般过去时，故翻译为：Only when the government called on the citizens to classify garbage did they realize that it was an important step towards protecting the environment.
VI. Guided Writing
56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
随着移动网络的发展，各种手机APP应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许多同络。现学生会发起一项清理手机APP的倡议，如果你只能从以下四个APPs：Wechat，Taobao，E-dictionary，Glory of Kings (mobile game)中保留两个，你会如何选择，并说明理由。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】With the development of mobile network, various kinds of mobile apps come into being, which brings great convenience to our life, but many students are addicted to the network, for example, some students are keen to use mobile Taobao for online shopping, while others are addicted to an online game called Glory of Kings. As for me, I think app should not only let us contact with others, but also serve as a learning tool, so I choose Wechat, which allows me to communicate with my family and friends. In addition, I also think E-dictionary is a useful app, through which I can look up unfamiliar new words and increase my English vocabulary.
In view of the reasons above, I think Wechat and E-dictionary are the two kinds of apps that do good to us students.
【解析】
【分析】
本篇书面表达是提纲类作文，要求选择两个APP并说明理由。
【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求选择两个APP并说明理由：随着移动网络的发展，各种手机APP应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许多同络。现学生会发起一项清理手机APP的倡议，如果你只能从以下四个APPs：Wechat，Taobao，E-dictionary，Glory of Kings (mobile game)中保留两个，你会如何选择，并说明理由。时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； mobile network（移动网络），development（发展），convenience（便利），useful（有用的）， unfamiliar（不熟悉的）及various（不同的）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有come into being（应运而生），be addicted to（沉溺于），serve as（充当），contact with (与……联系)，look up（查阅），be keen to（热衷于）以及do good to(有利于），而且还使用了非限定性定语从句“With the development of mobile network, various kinds of mobile apps come into being, which brings great convenience to our life”，“so I choose Wechat, which allows me to communicate with my family and friends.”及“I also think E-dictionary is a useful app, through which I can look up unfamiliar new words and increase my English vocabulary.”，定语从句“In view of the reasons above, I think Wechat and E-dictionary are the two kinds of apps that do good to us students.”，宾语从句“As for me, I think app should not only let us contact with others, but also serve as a learning tool”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
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