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2019届江苏省泰州中学高三第四次模拟考试（5月）英语试题 （解析版）
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江苏省泰州中学2019届高三第四次模拟考试
高三英语试题
命题：高三英语备课组
试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两卷，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共三部分，满分85分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回符号有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15.
B. ￡9.15.
C. ￡9.18.
答案是B。
1. What will the man do next?
A. Turn off the TV. B. Study with the woman. C. Watch a movie.
2. How old is the woman now?
A. 20 years old. B. 45 years old. C. 65 years old.
3. What is small for the woman?
A. The T-shirt. B. The hat. C. The skirt.
4. What does the man mean?
A. The film is temble.
B. The film can be seen online.
C. The film is worth the money.
5. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At home. B. At a hospital. C. At a drug store.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6、7题。
6. What does the man like about his hometown?
A. It’s really very big.
B. It has colorful nightlife.
C. It’s not expensive to live there.
7. What is the weather like in the fall in the man’s hometown?
A. Sunny. B. Cold. C. Wet.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What time was the plane originally scheduled to leave?
A. At 3:00 B. At 4:00 C. At 5:00
9. Why is the woman worried?
A. The weather is bad. B. The report is not finished. C. An appointment will be delayed.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why does the man’s brother go to the man’s place?
A. To study. B. To work. C. To travel.
11. Where does the man work in the morning?
A. At a university B. At a restaurant. C. At a bookstore.
12. What language is the woman starting?
A. French. B. Spanish. C. Japanese.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13 What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. What job to do in the future. B. Which professor to follow. C. What abilities to possess.
14. What subject does the man probably prefer?
A. History. B. Politics. C. Art.
15. What do the woman’s parents expect her to be?
A. A restaurant manager. B. A politician. C. A teacher.
16. What is the woman good at doing?
A. Dealing with people. B. Working with kids. C. Painting pictures.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How did the servants deal with their earnings in Victorian times?
A. They paid for the housing. B. They bought food and clothes. C. They sent them to their families.
18. What was a nurse’s main duty?
A. Cooking meals. B. Looking after children. C. Educating children
19. How did the Victorian upper class parents treat their children actually?
A. Cruelly. B. Kindly C. Strictly
20. What will the speaker talk about next?
A. Lower class families.
B. Upper class children’s situation.
C. Comparisons between upper and lower classes.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1.The popularity of government posts has dropped in recent years, though the civil service jobs are still favored by the Chinese as they offer a _______ stable career.
A. relatively B. regularly
C. roughly D. rigidly
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：近年来，政府职位的受欢迎程度有所下降，但公务员的职位仍然受到中国人的青睐，因为它们提供了相对稳定的职业。A. relatively相对地；B. regularly规则地；C. roughly 粗略地；D. rigidly僵直地。由“ the civil service jobs are still favored by the Chinese”可知，公务员职位仍然受到中国人的青睐，因为与其它工作相比，它们提供了相对稳定的职业。故A选项正确。
2.－I was afraid I would miss the important lecture.
－Oh, was that why you _______asking me to speed up?
A. had kept B. are keeping
C. would keep D. kept
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：——我担心我会错过重要的演讲。——哦，这就是你一直要求我加快速度的原因吗？分析句子以及上下句的时态，可以判断出本句为一般过去时。故D选项正确。
3.Having been treated in the hospital for as long as six months, the man injured in the car crash is now eventually back _______ his feet.
A. at B. in
C. on D. to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在医院接受了长达六个月的治疗后，在车祸中受伤的那个人现在终于恢复了健康。be back on one’s feet意为“恢复；完全复原”，为固定短语。故C选项正确。
4.They _______ the business deal in less than an hour, after which they had a golf game.
A. wrapped up B. picked up
C. called up D. took up
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在不到一个小时的时间里达成了这笔生意，之后他们打了一场高尔夫球。A. wrapped up达成；B. picked up拾起；C. called up打电话给；召集；D. took up从事于。由“ business deal”可知，wrapped up“达成”符合语境。故A选项正确。
5.In many homes in the UK, the first person _______ has to make tea for the family.
A. waking up B. to wake up
C. woke up D. woken up
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在英国的许多家庭中，第一个醒来的人必须为家人泡茶。分析句子可知，当名词前有序数词和last等修饰时，要用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B项正确。
6.People from all walks of life are eager for success, _______ lack of confidence, however, is a great barrier.
A. where B. which
C. to which D. beyond which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：各行各业的人都渴望成功，然而，缺乏自信是一个巨大的障碍。此处success是先行词，指物；a great barrier to---，对---是一个大的障碍；所以此处用介词to+which引导非限制性定语从句，故选C。
7.－You know, people have different opinions about the construction of the project.
－We welcome any comments from them, favorable or _______.
A. so B. otherwise
C. else D. rather
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查词义辨析。句意：——你知道，人们对项目的建设有不同的看法。——我们欢迎他们的任何意见，无论是赞成还是其他。A. so这样；B. otherwise其他方面的；C. else其他的，单个else作“否则”讲；D. rather相当。由“or”可知，前后两个词为选择关系。所以otherwise“其他方面的”符合语境。故B选项正确。
8.－What if the rainstorm continues?
－Come on guys! We have to meet the _______ whatever the weather.
A. standard B. demand
C. deadline D. satisfaction
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：——如果暴雨继续，怎么办？——来吧，伙计们！不管天气如何，我们都必须如期完成。A. standard标准；B. demand要求；C. deadline 最后期限；D. satisfaction满意。由whatever the weather“不管天气如何”可知，meet the deadline“赶上最后期限，按期完成”符合语境。故C选项正确。
9.As teachers we shouldn’t accept the argument given by some people _______ standardized tests restrict educators too much and take the joy out of teaching.
A. where B. what
C. how D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：作为教师，我们不应该接受一些人的论点，即标准化考试对教育工作者限制太多，使教育失去了乐趣。分析句子可知，本句为同位语从句，从句的句意完整且句子不缺少任何句子成分，解释说明argument的内容，所以连接词为that。故D选项正确。
10.－The online shopkeeper has made an apology for his rude behavior.
－OK. If you’re still not satisfied, you can _______ compensation.
A. claim B. afford
C. sacrifice D. dismiss
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：——网店老板已经为他的粗鲁行为道歉。——好的。如果你仍然不满意，你可以要求赔偿。A. claim索取；B. afford支付得起；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. dismiss解雇。根据前面的If you’re still not satisfied可知，是进一步的要求，claim compensation“要求赔偿”符合语境。故A选项正确。
11.This car is important to our family. We would repair it at our expense _______ it break down within the first year.
A. could B. would
C. might D. should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：这辆车对我们家很重要。如果在第一年内发生故障，我们将自费修理。A. could能；B. would会；C. might也许会；D. should应该。分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句为：sb should do sth，主句为：sb would/could/might/should do。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。故D选项正确。
【点睛】if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：
条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时 (was→were ) ;
should do;
were to do
would/could/might/should do
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。
分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句为：sb should do sth, 主句为：sb would/could/might/should do。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。因前面从句已经用了would，所以主句应该用should。故D选项正确。
12.－I _______ in the same position too long My legs have fallen asleep.
－Shake it a little before you get up.
A. will sit B. have sat
C. am sitting D. have been stting
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：——我坐的太久了，腿麻了。——站起来之前动一动。分析句意可知，本句为现在完成时，表示表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作，并有可能持续下去，其形式为：sb have/has been doing sth。故D选项正确。
13.－You’ve been coughing so badly recently. Give up smoking, please.
－_______. I think I am addicted to it.
A. It can’t be helped B. Good idea
C. So far, so good D. Far from it
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查习惯用语辨析。句意：——最近你一直咳嗽得很厉害。戒烟吧。——那无济于事，我想我已经上瘾了。A. It can’t be helped这是无法避免的；B. Good idea好主意；C. So far, so good到现在为止，一直都还不错；D. Far from it远非如此。由“I think I am addicted to it”（我想我已经上瘾了），所以It can’t be helped“这是无法避免的”符合语境。故A选项正确。
14.I feel I am as well-behaved and as careful as my deskmate, but _______ I always fall behind?
A. how about B. how come
C. what if D. what for
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定用法。句意：我觉得我和我的同桌一样做的好，一样细心，但为什么我总是落后呢？。A. how about怎么样；B. how come为什么；C. what if假若……怎么办；D. what for为什么。how come+主语+动词=why/whatfor引导的特殊疑问句。分析句子可知，本句为陈述性的语序表疑问。故B选项正确。
【点睛】how come是固定搭配，意为：“怎么会……?怎么回事……?怎么搞的……?”它和why一样,可以用来引导一个问句。所不同的是，如果用How come来提问，就表示你觉得某件事很奇怪，有点想不通；并且，以How come开头的问句使用的仍是陈述句的语序。how come+主语+动词=why/whatfor引导的特殊疑问句？分析句子可知，本句为陈述性的语序表疑问。故B选项正确。
15.－What about inviting Tracy to host the party?
－Good idea! She is very quick in mind. Oh, _______, here she comes.
A. don’t pull my leg B. a little bird told me
C. speak of the devil D. it’s a piece of cake
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查习惯表达辨析。句意：——邀请Tracy来主持派对怎么样？——好主意！她头脑敏捷。说曹操，曹操到。A. don’t pull my leg别跟我开玩笑；B. a little bird told me有人私下告诉我；C. speak of the devil说曹操，曹操就到；D. it’s a piece of cake小菜一碟。由“here she comes”可知，speak of the devil“说曹操，曹操就到”符合语境。故C选项正确。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上相应位置进行填涂。
My eight-year-old son’s soccer team in Washington DC was put together several years ago. The team has won ___16___ one game in the last three seasons. Yet, despite the endless ___17___, soccer is my son’s favorite activity. He plays soccer at every ___18___, even at break time and at the aftercare(病后护理), and although he doesn’t play as well as the best players in his school, this hasn’t ___19___ him in the least.
This has been repeated often, but I ___20___ it first-hand: soccer is about friendship as much as it is about learning to control the ball and make successful ___21___. Watching the children, I see that winning is a distant ___22___ goal for them. What they enjoy is each other’s presence and the fact that they’re in this game ___23___.
Actually, I went through a phase of giving my son suggestions such as: Why aren’t you more ___24___ once you have the ball? He ____25____ my sudden torrent(滔滔不绝) of guidance. “Mom, I play midfield or defense, not forward. And ____26____, soccer isn’t about being aggressive. It’s about ____27____.” After hearing that, I paused and ____28____. How strange it is that I, who never played any sport for a single day of my life, wanted my son to be a(n) ____29____ footballer!
Isn’t it extraordinary that kids don’t necessarily ____30____ their attempts to have impressive results? They love the activity for itself. Becoming an adult means a gradual ____31____ of that spirit. To stand out or ____32____, people develop a spirit of competition. How often have I become ____33____－professionally and personally－when things haven’t gone the way I wanted? I’ve ____34____ there’s much to learn from soccer-loving eight-year-olds: do your best, be passionate, enjoy yourself, and then, regardless of the ____35____, move on.
16. A. likely B. only C. really D. nearly
17. A. losses B. noises C. chaos D. cautious
18. A. invitation B. time C. opportunity D. level
19. A. confused B. prejudiced C. threatened D. discouraged
20. A. predicted B. grasped C. practiced D. modified
21. A. presentations B. wishes C. passes D. summaries
22. A. secondary B. ambiguous C. specific D. changeable
23. A. otherwise B. therefore C. together D. already
24. A. considerate B. aggressive C. confident D. accustomed
25. A. stopped B. studied C. delayed D. released
26. A. on the case B. in that case C. in no case D. in any case
27. A. correction B. adaptation C. observation D. cooperation
28. A. reflected B. hesitated C. remembered D. imagined
29. A. interesting B. attacking C. unwilling D. touching
30. A. damage B. notice C. expect D. forget
31. A. recovery B. power C. burden D. death
32. A. interact B. innovate C. subscribe D. survive
33. A. addicted B. disappointed C. experienced D. complicated
34. A. realized B. ensured C. recalled D. insisted
35. A. formulas B. problems C. results D. incomes
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文叙述了作者儿子所在的足球队，尽管在过去的三个赛季里只赢了一场比赛，但是作者的儿子非常喜欢足球，利用一切机会踢球，在与孩子交谈的过程中，作者领会到了足球不仅关乎学习控球和成功传球，也关乎友谊。作者也从孩子那里学到了很多的东西：尽力而为，充满激情，尽情享受，然后，不管结果如何，继续前进。
【16题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. likely可能地；B. only仅仅；C. really确实地；D. nearly将近。句意：这支球队在过去三个赛季只赢过一场比赛。由“one game”可知，这支球队在过去三个赛季只赢过一场比赛。故B选项切题。
【17题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. losses丧失；B. noises噪音；C. chaos混乱；D. cautious谨慎的。句意：然而，尽管总是输球，但是足球却是我儿子最喜欢的运动。由前文可知，球队在过去三个赛季只赢过一场比赛。所以球队经常输球。故A选项切题。
【18题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. invitation邀请；B. time时间；C. opportunity机会；D. level水平。句意：他一有机会就踢足球，即使是在休息时间和病后护理时，尽管他表现的不如学校里最好的球员一样好，但这并没有让他气馁。由“even at break time and at the aftercare(病后护理)”可知，他一有机会就踢足球。故C选项切题。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. confused使困惑；B. prejudiced使产生偏见；C. threatened威胁；D. discouraged使灰心丧气。句意：他一有机会就踢足球，即使是在休息时间和病后护理时，尽管他表现的不如学校里最好的球员一样好，但这并没有让他气馁。由although可知，前后语意表示转折关系，所以discourage“使灰心丧气”符合语境。故D选项切题。
【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. predicted预测；B. grasped领会；C. practiced练习；D. modified修改。句意：足球一直在反复地踢，但我有切身体会：足球不仅关乎学习控球和成功传球，也关乎友谊。由“soccer is about friendship as much as it is about learning to control the ball and make successful passes”可知，足球不仅关乎学习控球和成功传球，也关乎友谊。所以这是作者所领会的内容。故grasped“领会”符合语境。故B选项切题。
【21题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. presentations展示；B. wishes希望；C. passes传球；D. summaries总结。句意：足球一直在反复地踢，但我有切身体会：足球不仅关乎学习控球和成功传球，也关乎友谊。and并列连接着两个动作，控制球然后要传球。故C选项切题。
【22题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. secondary次要的；B. ambiguous模棱两可的；C. specific具体的；D. changeable易变的。句意：看着孩子们，我看到胜利对他们来说是一个遥远的次要目标。由下文可知，他们喜欢的是彼此的存在，以及他们一起参与比赛的事实，所以取得胜利是次要的目标。故A选项切题。
【23题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. otherwise否则；B. therefore因此；C. together在一起；D. already已经。句意：他们喜欢的是彼此的存在，以及他们一起参与这个比赛的事实。足球是一项多人一起合作的运动，所以together“在一起”正确。故C选项切题。
【24题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. considerate体贴的；B. aggressive攻击性的；C. confident自信的；D. accustomed习惯的。句意：事实上，有段时期我一直给我儿子建议，比如：为什么你在拿到球后没有更加积极地进攻？作者看来，拿到球后就应该进攻。所以作者在问自己的儿子“为什么你在拿到球后没有更加积极地进攻昵”以及下文中的“ aggressive”。故B选项切题。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. stopped停止；B. studied学习；C. delayed拖延；D. released释放。句意：他打断了我滔滔不绝的指导。由下文儿子对作者说的话可以看出来，儿子打断了作者滔滔不绝的指导，并解释了足球不仅仅是进攻，更多的是合作。故A选项切题。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. on the case关于那个案件；B. in that case在这种情况下；C. in no case决不；D. in any case无论如何。句意：无论如何，足球并不只是进攻。in any case“无论如何”表示不管条件怎样变化，其结果始终不变。故D选项切题。
【27题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. correction改正；B. adaptation适应；C. observation观察；D. cooperation合作。句意：还有合作。作者的儿子在向作者解释了足球不仅仅是进攻，更多的是合作。故D选项切题。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. reflected沉思；B. hesitated犹豫；C. remembered记得；D. imagined想象。句意：听完之后，我停下来思考了一下。作者在听了儿子的话之后，是深有感触的，所以作者停下来思考了一下。故A选项切题。
【29题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. interesting有趣的；B. attacking进攻的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. touching动人的。句意：我一生中从未参加过任何运动，却希望我的儿子成为一名进攻型足球运动员，这是多么奇怪啊!由前文的“Why aren’t you more aggresive once you have the ball”可知，为什么你在拿到球后没有更加积极地进攻?所以作者希望自己儿子成为一名进攻型足球运动员。故B选项切题。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. damage毁坏；B. notice注意到；C. expect期望；D. forget忘记。句意：孩子们不一定期望自己的尝试能取得令人赞叹的结果，这难道不奇怪吗？由前文可知，孩子们很注重团队合作，很注重每个人的参与来共同完成一项任务，也很享受这个过程，并不刻意地期望令人赞叹的结果。所以作者在反问，这不奇怪吗？在作者眼里，这是不可理解的。故C选项切题。
【31题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. recovery恢复；B. power权力；C. burden负担；D. death死亡。句意：成为一个成年人意味着这种精神的逐渐消亡。成年人与孩子在思考同一个问题时，他们的想法是不同的。当孩子长大成为成年人时，孩子时有的精神就会逐渐消亡。所以成为一个成年人意味着这种精神的逐渐消亡。故D选项切题。
【32题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. interact互相影响；B. innovate创新；C. subscribe订阅；D. survive幸存。句意：为了脱颖而出或生存，人们培养了竞争精神。根据常识可知，竞争的目的就是为了脱颖而出或生存。故D选项切题。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. addicted上瘾的；B. disappointed失望的；C. experienced有经验的；D. complicated复杂的。句意：当事情没有按照我想要的方式发展时，在职业和个人方面来说，我会多么地感到失望？由“things haven’t gone the way I wanted”可知，事情没有按照我想要的方式发展，所以一定会失望的。故B选项切题。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. realized意识到；B. ensured保证；C. recalled回想起；D. insisted坚持。句意：我意识到，我从一个热爱足球的8岁孩子那里我学到了很多的东西：尽力而为，充满激情，尽情享受，然后，不管结果如何，继续前进。8岁的孩子教会了作者很多的东西，所以作者意识到从一个热爱足球的8岁孩子那里我学到了很多的东西。故A选项切题。
【35题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. formulas公式；B. problems问题；C. results结果；D. incomes收入。句意：我意识到，从一个热爱足球的8岁孩子那里我学到了很多的东西：尽力而为，充满激情，尽情享受，然后，不管结果如何，继续前进。通过前文可知，作者儿子所在的足球队，尽管在过去的三个赛季里只赢了一场比赛，但是作者的儿子仍然非常喜欢足球。不管结果怎么样，他都要向前进。所以作者通过这个事情作者得出了感悟：尽力而为，充满激情，尽情享受，然后，不管结果如何，继续前进。故C选项切题。
【点睛】巧用语意转折线索解题。有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语，如but， though， although， instead， however， on the contrary， otherwise等，我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题，从而判断出要表的真正意思.
小题4中，由although可知，前后语意表示作者关系，所以discourage“使灰心丧气”符合句意。故D选项切题。
第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Brecon Beacons YAC has an amazing opportunity for budding(崭露头角的) archaeologists of all ages, in Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. Thanks to funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund, professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong will be investigating an archaeological mystery and they need your help.
Romans?
“The site is a bit of a mystery”, Frank Giecco from Wardell Armstrong said. “There is a very nice cropmark recorded on the site that has got lots of people very excited. Geophysicists failed to find anything relating to the cropmark. There is anecdotal evidence of Roman material being found, but nothing is officially recorded. We hope to finally answer the question of what is in this field, during the two weeks on site. Is there evidence of any Roman occupation on the site? Can you help us find out?”
Get involved
This is an opportunity for both adults and children to take part in field walking and trial trenching (small hand-dug test pits for children). No experience is necessary, training will be provided by the professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong, and all equipment will be provided. Volunteers can attend for as few or as many days as they wish, but they do need to book a place.
For more information, and to book your place, please contact Norman Kirtlan at sunderlandforgottenstonesgmail.com.
36. If you intend to take part in the activity, you ________.
A. will be charged for using equipment
B. will be coached by experts in the field
C. should have worked with archaeologists before
D. should spare two weeks to stay at the site
37. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To seek funding for archaeological research.
B. To appeal for help in proving findings based on anecdotal evidence.
C. To find volunteers to help solve an archaeological mystery.
D. To organize volunteers to help sort our data on the Roman occupation.
【答案】36. B 37. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了一个考古谜团，并征召志愿者参与考古，以解开该谜团。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。由Get involved中的“training will be provided by the professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong”可知，由Wardell Armstrong的专业考古学家提供培训，所以如果你打算参加这项活动，你将接受该领域专家的指导。故B选项正确。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong will be investigating an archaeological mystery and they need your help.”可知，来自Wardell Armstrong的专业考古学家们将调查一个考古谜团，他们需要你的帮助，以及Get involved中对于对参与考古条件的介绍，可判断出这篇文章的主要目的是寻找志愿者来帮助解开一个考古谜团。故C选项正确。
B
Why don’t quiet carriages work, and how might they be make to? Quiet carriages on trains are a nice idea: travelers voluntarily make their phones silent, turn stereos off and keep chatter to a minimum. However, in reality, there is usually at least one silly babbler(喋喋不休的人) to break the silence.
A couple of problems prevent peaceful trips. First, there is a sorting problem: some passengers end up in the quiet carriage by accident and are not aware of the rules. Second, there is a commitment problem: noise is sometimes made by travelers who choose the quiet carriage but find an important call hard to ignore.
The train operators are trying to find answers. Trains in Queensland Australia, are having permanent signs added to show exactly what is expected; a British operator has invested in some technology to prevent phone calls.
Microeconomics suggests another approach. Fining people for making a noise would surely dissuade(劝阻) the polluter and is a neat solution in theory, but it requires costly monitoring and enforcement. Another way would be to use prices to separate quiet and noisy passengers－in effect, creating a market for silence. A simple idea would be to sell access to the quiet carriage as an optional extra when the ticket is bought. Making the quiet coach both an active choice and a costly one would dissuade many of those who don’t value a peaceful ride.
Charging may also solve the commitment problem. This is particularly tricky, as attitudes to noise can change during the journey. Some passengers would pay the quiet premium but still chatter away when some vital news arrives. Schemes that reward the silent－a rating system among fellow passengers, for example－could help. The idea is that losing your hard-won reputation offsets the short-term gain from using the phone. But such a system also fails the simplicity test.
A 2010 book by George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton argues that “norms”－feelings about how everyone should behave－also play a role in decision-making. Charging a price, even if just a token amount, means the quiet carriage becomes a service that fellow passengers have bought, not just a preference they have expressed. Perhaps different norms would come into play, encouraging calm. If not, a personal bubble is always an option: noise-canceling headphones start at around $50.
38. According to the passage, what does microeconomics suggest?
A. Finding the source of noise.
B. Putting a price on noise.
C. Avoid using a phone in the carriage.
D. Investing more money in monitoring and enforcement.
39. By “a personal bubble is always an option,” the author means ________.
A. one can make his own choice B. one should respect others’ privacy
C. one can create his own personal space D. one should stick to his personal budget
40. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. people’s favoured transportation
B. effective methods of monitoring noise levels
C. possible solutions to noise in train carriages
D. common forms of misbehavior of passengers
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。让车厢安静缘何行不通，如何才能静下来？对于此问题，短文介绍了了几个因素常阻扰乘客享受宁静的旅途，并从列车员的角度尤其从微观经济学的角度讨论了关于解决火车车厢噪音的方案。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“Fining people for making a noise would surely dissuade(劝阻) the polluter and is a neat solution in theory”可知，理论上讲，向那些吵吵闹闹的旅客收取罚款无疑会劝阻他们勿吵勿闹，不失为一个干净利落的方法。所以根据这篇文章，微观经济学的观点是让人们为噪音埋单。故B选项正确。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“If not, a personal bubble is always an option: noise-canceling headphones start at around $50.”可知，若效果不佳，创造一点个人空间从来不失为一良策——毕竟消音耳机的起价仅约50美元。所以通过“a personal bubble is always an option”在短文中的意思，可以判断出，作者的意思是一个人可以创造自己的个人空间。故C选项正确。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，让车厢安静缘何行不通，如何才能静下来？对于此问题，短文介绍了了几个因素常阻扰乘客享受宁静的旅途，并从列车员的角度尤其从微观经济学的角度讨论关于解决火车车厢噪音的解决方案。所以短文主要在讨论关于解决火车车厢噪音的方案。故C选项正确。
C
Shop with Your Doc is part of a broader and still growing movement in US medicine to shift the focus away from simply treating disease toward caring for the whole person. It is meant to help people make educated, healthy choices one grocery cart at a time. Across the country, hospitals are setting up food banks and medical schools are putting cooking classes on the curriculum. Nonprofits are connecting medical centers with community resources to ensure that low-income Americans have access to fresh fruits and vegetables.
For centuries, Western medicine’s mission was to cure disease. But over the past generation, two generation, two significant trends are of concern to the medical community, says Timothy Harlan, executive director of Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine at Tulane University in New Orleans. Healthcare costs began to soar(激增), and relatively inexpensive, poor-quality food became more common. “There’s a very straightforward link between people improving their diets and improving the condition that they have,” Dr. Harlan says.
The connection drove the medical and nonprofit communities to rethink their approach to health. What emerged was the concept of the “social determinants of health”－the notion of taking into account the biological, physical, and socioeconomic circumstances surrounding a patient. A healthy person isn’t just someone who is free from disease, the theory goes; he or she also enjoys “a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being.”
The question the medical community now faces is how to get patients－especially low-income families－to recognize these determinants and make it possible for them to eat and live healthier. In Boston, medical experts responded by creating an on-site pantry(食品室) at Boston Medical Center. Since its founding in 2002, the pantry has evolved into a kind of nutrition center where primary care providers at BMC send patients for food. Today the pantry, which gets 95 percent of its stock from the Greater Boston Food bank, hosts free cooking classes and serves about 7,000 people a month. The Greater Boston Food Bank has also launched its own initiatives, striking partnerships with four community health centers across the state to offer free mobile produce markets. The organization also helped develop toolkits(软件包) that map local pantries, markets that accept government food vouchers, and other resources.
At Tulane in New Orleans, Harlan is leading the development of a curriculum that combines medicine with the art of food preparation. His philosophy: Doctors who know their way around a kitchen are better at helping their patients. And empowering patients to take charge of their own diets is one way to help them deal with the incredible costs of health care, Harlan says. The curriculum has since been adopted at 35 medical schools around the United States. Chipping away at bad habits is a good place to start getting patients to think about the choices they make for themselves and their families, say Dr Maureen Villasenor, the Orange County pediatrician(儿科医生).
41. The aim of Shop with Your Doc is to _______.
A. help patients relax before an operation
B. assist patients in finding food fit for them
C. control people’s food consumption in supermarkets
D. persuade low-income families to take more fruits and vegetables
42. Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly talk about _______.
A. the role Western medicine has been playing
B. how a new concept of health came into being
C. medical communities’ worries about food safety
D. why low-income families are less reliable on healthcare
43. What do we know about the Greater Boston Food Bank?
A. Its cooking classes are free of charge.
B. It was founded at the beginning of the 21st century.
C. It helps people locate pantries and markets.
D. It treats many a patient from BMC.
44. What can be inferred about the curriculum developed by Harlan?
A. It appeals to a number of US medical schools.
B. It is specially designed for doctors in communities.
C. Its content has little to do with medicine.
D. Its philosophy is questioned by Dr. Maureen Villasenor.
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. C 44. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了美国医学界中一个广泛且仍在不断发展的运动的一部分——Shop with Your Doc，它将焦点从单纯的治疗疾病转向关注病人的整个健康。其目的是帮助人们在每次购物时，做出明智、健康的选择。
41题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“Shop with Your Doc is part of a broader and still growing movement in US medicine to shift the focus away from simply treating disease toward caring for the whole person. It is meant to help people make educated, healthy choices one grocery cart at a time”可知，Shop with Your Doc是美国医学界一项广泛且仍在不断发展的运动的一部分，它将焦点从单纯的治疗疾病转向关注病人的整个健康，它旨在帮助人们在每次购物时，做出明智、健康的选择。所以Shop with Your Doc的目的是帮助病人找到适合他们的食物。故B选项正确。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段“Healthcare costs began to soar(激增), and relatively inexpensive, poor-quality food became more common. “There’s a very straightforward link between people improving their diets and improving the condition that they have,” Dr. Harlan says.以及第三段“The connection drove the medical and nonprofit communities to rethink their approach to health.”可知，医疗成本开始上升，相对廉价的、质量低劣的食物变得越来越普遍。Dr. Harlan说“人们改善饮食和改善身体状况之间有着非常直接的联系。这种联系促使医学界和非营利组织重新思考他们对待健康的方式。“所以第2段和第3段主要讨论在医学界对食品安全的担忧，所以促使医学界和非营利组织重新思考他们对待健康的方式。故C选项正确。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“The organization also helped develop toolkits(软件包) that map local pantries, markets that accept government food vouchers, and other resources.”可知，该组织还帮助开发了软件包，用于确定本地食品储藏室、接受政府食品代金券的市场和其他资源的地理位置。所以Greater Boston Food Bank帮助人们查找食品储藏室和市场。故C选项正确。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“The curriculum has since been adopted at 35 medical schools around the United States.”可知，该课程已被美国35所医学院采纳。所以通过关键词“35 medical schools”我们可以推断出，Harlan开发的课程吸引了许多美国医学院。故A选项正确。
【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。由最后段“The curriculum has since been adopted at 35 medical schools around the United States.”可知，该课程已被美国35所医学院采纳。所以通过关键词“35 medical schools”我们可以推断出，Harlan开发的课程吸引了许多美国医学院。故小题4的正确选项为A选项。
D
Partway through Wonder, Fifth-grader Auggie Pullman finds himself seated across from a new friend in the school cafeteria. “Have you ever thought about having plastic surgery?” the friend asks.
“Dude, this is after plastic surgery. It takes a lot of work to look this good,” Auggie says, running a hand through his hair. In other words, what could be painfully depressing turns out to hold lurking(潜藏的) reserves of humour, which is pretty much the story of Wonder.
Auggie, played by Jacob Tremblay, was born with a facial difference, and even after multiple operations, his looks shock his classmates. As he adapts from homeschooling to a new school community, he encounters far worse than that lunchtime scene－one nasty bully(横行霸道者) says he’d kill himself if he looked like Auggie－but he never fully loses heart.
The movie is an adaptation of the 2012 novel by R.J.Palacio, which has sold 6 million copies in North America and launched an antibullying campaign, Choose Kind. Palacio has said she got the idea for the story when her young son began crying at the sight of a girl with a facial difference in an ice cream shop. She took her kids out of the shop, but later regretted her reaction. “What I should have done is simply turned to the little girl and started up a conversation and shown my kids that there was nothing to be afraid of,” she said.
Tremblay, 11, who broke out opposite Brie Larson in the 2015 drama Room, has more than a few things in common with Auggie. “We both love Star Wars, we have awesome families, and we love our dogs.” But Tremblay thinks we all can find something in common with the boy. “Everyone’s like Auggie in one very important way: we want to be accepted and treated equally and with kindness.”
Julia Roberts, who plays Auggie’s mother, became interested in the part because of her own children, “I read it with my kids and fell so in love with it,” she says of the novel. “This book is such a beautiful and gentle introduction into all kinds of topics, including bullying and intolerance and fear, and what fear makes young people do sometimes.”
Both actors have some familiarity with the subject. “I was picked on quite a bit as a young person,” Roberts says, though she won’t say what for. “Even as a 50-year-old mother of three, it’s not a path I like to go up and down.” Tremblay reveals a bit more. “I have been picked on,” he says, “because I’m kind of short for me age. I told my parents, and that’s one of the best things you can do, because my mom said would never want me to carry negative thoughts on my shoulders alone.”
The most challenging parts of filming, says Tremblay, were moments in which he had to cry. Tenderhearted audience members will likely shed tears of their own－especially during scenes between Auggie and his mom, who repeatedly reassures her son that he is worthy of love. But the movie also has its fair share of hijinks(喧闹): for every tear-filled moment, there is a lightsaber battle or silly science project to lighten the mood. This mixture of pity and humor, says Roberts, “was intrinsic(固有的) in the writing in the novel.” But she credits writer-director Stephen Chbosky with translating that balance into visual terms.
As much as the movie impresses the viewer with compassion for the underdogs, it also finds a way to sympathize with the bullies. “I would say to try to take a moment to be conscious of why a person that is bullying somebody is behaving that way,” says Roberts, “After all”, she adds, “There’s no child that’s born bully.”
45. How did Auggie respond to his friend’s question?
A. He felt so embarrassed that he kept reserved.
B. He flew off the handle the moment he heard it.
C. He answered in a calm but humourous way.
D. He spent quite a while finding the right words.
46. What inspired the story of Wonder?
A. A campaign against bullying in North America.
B. Palacio’s kids being picked on by their classmates.
C. Palacio’s conversation with a girl in an ice cream shop.
D. The way Palacio treated a girl with a facial difference.
47. According to the passage, the theme of the movie Wonder is ________.
A. similar to that of the drama Room
B. focused on the safety of plastic surgery
C. diverse and closely relevant to personal growth
D. a reflection of minority groups’ fate in America
48. What does paragraph 7 mainly talk about?
A. How Julia Roberts got to know Jacob Tremblay.
B. Leading actors’ recalling similar experiences to those in Wonder.
C. Jacob Tremblay’s breakthrough in his acting career.
D. What influence Jacob Tremblay’s mother has on his growth.
49. According to Julia Roberts, Stephen Chbosky _______.
A. is a great lover of Star Wars and wild animals
B. was moved to tears by Jacob Tremblay’s acting
C. is qualified to adapt science fiction into movies
D. succeeded in mixing visual elements with emotion
50. What’s Julia Roberts’ attitude towards the bullies?
A. Uncaring. B. Negative.
C. Sympathetic. D. Cautious.
【答案】45. C 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇新闻访谈。短文报道了由小说改编的电影Wonder的基本情节，作者写这部小说的灵感来源，电影所反映的主题，以及导演的创作手法，主演的感受等等。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“Dude, this is after plastic surgery. It takes a lot of work to look this good” Auggie says, running a hand through his hair. In other words, what could be painfully depressing turns out to hold lurking(潜藏的) reserves of humour”（伙计，这是整容手术后的样子了。要让自己看起来这么漂亮需要很多的努力”Auggie一边说，一边用手梳理着头发。）可知，所以通过Auggie所说的话以及他的语气可以判断出，Auggie平静而幽默地回答了他朋友的问题。故C选项正确。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“Palacio has said she got the idea for the story when her young son began crying at the sight of a girl with a facial difference in an ice cream shop. She took her kids out of the shop, but later regretted her reaction. ”可知，Palacio说，当她年幼的儿子在一家冰淇淋店看到一个长着不同脸型的女孩，他就开始大哭起来。她就有了写这个故事的想法。她把孩子们带出了商店，但后来后悔自己的反应。所以Palacio对待一个面部有差异的女孩的方式使Palacio有了写这个故事的想法。故D选项正确。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段“Everyone’s like Auggie in one very important way: we want to be accepted and treated equally and with kindness.”第六段“This book is such a beautiful and gentle introduction into all kinds of topics, including bullying and intolerance and fear, and what fear makes young people do sometimes.”可知，每个人都像Auggie一样希望被接受，被平等对待，被善待。这本书是对各种话题的美丽而温和的介绍，包括欺凌、不容忍和恐惧，以及恐惧有时使年轻人做些什么。Wonder这部电影改编自Palacio 2012年的小说，所以小说的主题就是电影的主题。电影中对于主人公个人成长的总结，也是电影的主题。故判断出电影Wonder的主题是多样化的且与个人成长密切相关。故C选项正确。
【48题详解】
主旨大意题。由第七段“Both actors have some familiarity with the subject. “I was picked on quite a bit as a young person,” Roberts says, Tremblay reveals a bit more. “I have been picked on,” he says, “because I’m kind of short for me age”可知，两个演员都对这个话题有些熟悉。“我年轻的时候经常被人欺负，”Roberts，Tremblay透露了更多。他说：“我被人欺负了，因为就我的年龄而言，我太矮了。”所以第7段主要是讲主演们回忆起与电影wonder的主人公具有相似的经历。故B选项正确。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段“This mixture of compassion and humor, Roberts says, "is inherent in the writing of fiction." But she thinks writer and director Stephen chabowski has translated this balance into visual terms.”可知，Roberts说，这种怜悯和幽默的混合，“在小说的写作中是固有的。”但她认为作家兼导演的Stephen chabowski将这种平衡转化成了视觉元素。所以根据 Julia Roberts所说的，Stephen Chbosky成功地将视觉元素与情感混合在一起。故D选项正确。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“As much as the movie impresses the viewer with compassion for the underdogs, it also finds a way to sympathize with the bullies. ”可知，尽管这部电影给观众留下了同情弱者的印象，但它也找到了同情弱者的方法。所以通过关键词“sympathize with the bullies”可以判断出，Julia Roberts对仗势欺人者的态度是同情的。故C选项正确。
【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施，也可以判断出作者当时的态度是什么样的。
由第二段“Dude, this is after plastic surgery. It takes a lot of work to look this good” Auggie says, running a hand through his hair. In other words, what could be painfully depressing turns out to hold lurking(潜藏的) reserves of humour”（伙计，这是整容手术后的样子了。要让自己看起来这么漂亮需要很多的努力”Auggie一边说，一边用手梳理着头发。）可知，可能令人痛苦沮丧的事情却隐藏着幽默。所以通过奥吉所说的话以及他的语气可以判断出，Auggie平静而幽默地回答了他朋友的问题。故小题1的正确选项为C选项。
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题（共两部分，满分35分）
第一部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1词。
A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.
The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile(触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page.
Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader’s sense of control. The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically, either through making written notes or bending pages, limits one’s sensory experience and thus reduces long-term memory of the text.
Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear(线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.
As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. A 2006 study found that people read on screens in a “F” pattern, reading the entire top line but then only scanning through the text along the left side of the page. This sort of nonlinear reading reduces comprehension and actually makes it more difficult to focus the next time you sit down with a longer piece of text.
Tufts University neuroscientist Maryanne Wolf worries that “the superficial way we read during the day is affecting us when we have to read with more in-depth processing.” Individuals are increasingly finding it difficult to sit down and involve themselves deeply in a novel. As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a “slow reading” movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book.
Slow-reading advocates recommend at least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading away from the distractions of modern technology. By doing so, the brain can reengage with linear reading. The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate.
Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep. When many of us spend our days in front of screens, it can be hard to signal to our body that it’s time to sleep. By reading a paper book about an hour before bed, your brain enters a new zone, distinct from that enacted by reading on an e-reader.
Great News for People Who Read Actual Books
Reading in ___51___ helps with comprehension
●According to a 2014 study, readers of a short mystery on a Kindle had much worse memories of the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.
●The tactile experience of a book ___52___ significantly to the construction of a mental representation of the text.
●The use of e-readers influences a reader’s ___53___ to control the text physically, which limits one’s sensory experience. Making one ___54___to remember the text for a long time.
___55___ of two reading habits
●People read actual books in a linear fashion, using their senses to keep in mind the ___56___ of key information.
●When we read on screens, we ___57___ the deeper meaning of the text.
●People read on screens in an “F” pattern, making it difficult for them to read through long texts.
Benefits of slow reading
●The “slow reading” movement is meant to give readers a relatively ___58___ time to fully appreciate a whole book.
●At least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading on paper makes you less ___59___ and increase your concentration.
●Reading an old-fashioned novel helps us ____60____ better.
【答案】51. print
52. contributes
53. ability
54. unable/fail
55. Explanations/Comparisons
56. location
57. miss 58. easy/easier
59. stressed/anxious/worried
60. sleep
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解，对比了阅读纸质书籍和电子书籍这两种阅读习惯，说明了慢读和阅读纸质书籍的好处。
【51题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由“A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback. The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile(触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page”可知，2014年的一项研究发现，在Kindle上阅读一篇短篇侦探小说的读者，相比读平装书上同一篇小说的读者，在记忆情节顺序方面明显逊色很多。大脑在阅读时会根据书页在书中的位置以及单词在书页上的位置构建文本的心理表征。在阅读过程中，你手中逐渐变厚的书页，还是一个单词在页面上所处的位置，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。所以前两段在主要说明阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解。故填print。
【52题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第二段‘The tactile(触觉的) experience of a book aids this process’可知，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。“aid”可以用contribute to替换，都表示“有助于”。故填contributes。
【53题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第三段“Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader’s sense of control。The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically”可知，关于电子阅读器使用情况的调查显示，这影响了读者的控制感。读者不能翻回到之前的页面，也不能用有形的方式控制文本。所以电子阅读器的使用会影响读者用有形的方式控制文本的能力。故填ability。
【54题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第三段“thus reduces long-term memory of the text.”可知，因此降低了对文本的长期记忆。所以通过“reduce”可以判断出，unable/fail to do“未能做某事”符合句意。故填unable/fail。
【55题详解】
考查归纳概括的能力。由第四段，第五段“Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear(线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout. As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. ”可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以第四段，第五段在对比两种阅读习惯。故填 Explanations/Comparisons。
【56题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第四段“Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear(线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.”可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。“layout”可用location替换，都表示“位置”。故填location。
【57题详解】
考查归纳概括的能力。由第五段“As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. ”可知，随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以通过“rather than really absorb its meaning”可知，用miss“错过”概括。故填miss。
【58题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第六段“As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a “slow reading” movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book.”可知，因此，一些研究人员和文学爱好者开始了一场“慢读”运动，以抵消他们阅读时的困难。所以通过“counteract their difficulty”可知，用easy/easier“容易的”替换。故填easy/easier。
【59题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第七段“The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate.”可知，养成慢速阅读的习惯有很多好处，可以减轻压力，提高注意力。所以通过“stress”可以判断出，stressed/anxious/worried“焦虑的”可以替换。故填stressed/anxious/worried。
【60题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第八段“Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep”可知，读一本老式小说也有助于改善睡眠。故填 sleep。
【点睛】任务型阅读的解题方法之一根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。常见的 转换方式(1)词性转换（2)句子结构转换(3)同义词和反义词转换(4)前缀和后缀转换(5)另选其它词来释义。
如小题2中的“aid”判断出contribute to“有助于”符合句意。aid与 contribute to“有助于”为同义词。故填contributes。
如小题9中的“stress ”可以判断出，stressed/anxious/worried“焦虑的”，符合句意。stress与stressed为词性转换。故填stressed/anxious/worried。
第二部分 书面表达（25分）
61.请阅读下面这则寓言，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
On a sunny day s shepherd(牧羊人) walked with his two hungry sheep along a winding country path. He managed to have them two tied to each other just in case they should go separated. It was quite a long time before they arrived at a place where there was merely a small amount of fresh grass on each side of the path. Both of the sheep were so hungry that they hurried to the grass but in the separated direction as the picture showed. Unfortunately the rope fastening them was not long enough. No matter how hard they struggled, neither was able to reach the grass in front of them.
The shepherd was about to help them when he was surprised to find that one of them should voluntarily abandon the struggle, and went along with the other. Consequently, together the two sheep enjoyed the fresh grass on one side happily, and then the grass on the other.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上面这则寓言的主要内容。
2. 用约120个单词就此则寓言谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
（1）从这则寓言中，你获得了哪些启示？
（2）结合该寓言给你的启示，谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原谅语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当
参考词汇：fable寓言
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version:
The fable shares with readers a story about two sheep, both of whom choose cooperation rather than competition in order to have access to the fresh grass of different sides.
As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results. As an old saying goes, union means power. A chopstick breaks easily, while a bunch of them does not. Cooperation is therefore the best policy in any case because it can lead to a win-win situation, where both sides can gain benefit by virtue of joint efforts.
In my daily life, I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball, taking part in running races or going in for community-service activities. I learn a lot from my classmates and friends by following their advice. Meanwhile, I also do my part to help them in return. It is teamwork that helps us secure numerous victories.
【解析】
本文是一篇图画类作文。1. 用约30个单词概括漫画中的主要内容；要囊括人物、事件，范文中使用了许多高级词汇shares with ，rather than，have access to和both of whom choose cooperation rather than competition in order to……定语从句，以提高文章的档次。
2. 用约120个单词，就此则寓言谈谈你的想法，
考生在成文时应注意：合理发挥想象力，使文章表达自然，丰满。文章的写作要点要齐全： (1) 从这则寓言中，你获得了哪些启示？ the fable mirrors that…(2)结合该寓言给你的启示，谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。In my daily life, I often cooperate with,…注意文章的人称：以第一人称为主。时态：一般现在时。注意使用高级词汇mirror，bring about，lead to，cooperate with，Meanwhile, in return和句型，以提高文章的档次；恰当使用一些连词、插入语，使文章表达自然，流畅。注意次数：80—120之间。
【范文亮点】①Cooperation is therefore the best policy in any case because it can lead to a win-win situation, where both sides can gain benefit by virtue of joint efforts. 定语从句；②I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball, taking part in running races or going in for community-service activities.非谓语动词结构；③It is teamwork that helps us secure numerous victories.强调句。
高三英语试题
命题：高三英语备课组
试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两卷，满分120分，考试时间120分钟。
第Ⅰ卷 选择题（共三部分，满分85分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回符号有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. ￡19.15.
B. ￡9.15.
C. ￡9.18.
答案是B。
1. What will the man do next?
A. Turn off the TV. B. Study with the woman. C. Watch a movie.
2. How old is the woman now?
A. 20 years old. B. 45 years old. C. 65 years old.
3. What is small for the woman?
A. The T-shirt. B. The hat. C. The skirt.
4. What does the man mean?
A. The film is temble.
B. The film can be seen online.
C. The film is worth the money.
5. Where does the conversation most probably take place?
A. At home. B. At a hospital. C. At a drug store.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答6、7题。
6. What does the man like about his hometown?
A. It’s really very big.
B. It has colorful nightlife.
C. It’s not expensive to live there.
7. What is the weather like in the fall in the man’s hometown?
A. Sunny. B. Cold. C. Wet.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What time was the plane originally scheduled to leave?
A. At 3:00 B. At 4:00 C. At 5:00
9. Why is the woman worried?
A. The weather is bad. B. The report is not finished. C. An appointment will be delayed.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why does the man’s brother go to the man’s place?
A. To study. B. To work. C. To travel.
11. Where does the man work in the morning?
A. At a university B. At a restaurant. C. At a bookstore.
12. What language is the woman starting?
A. French. B. Spanish. C. Japanese.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13 What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. What job to do in the future. B. Which professor to follow. C. What abilities to possess.
14. What subject does the man probably prefer?
A. History. B. Politics. C. Art.
15. What do the woman’s parents expect her to be?
A. A restaurant manager. B. A politician. C. A teacher.
16. What is the woman good at doing?
A. Dealing with people. B. Working with kids. C. Painting pictures.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How did the servants deal with their earnings in Victorian times?
A. They paid for the housing. B. They bought food and clothes. C. They sent them to their families.
18. What was a nurse’s main duty?
A. Cooking meals. B. Looking after children. C. Educating children
19. How did the Victorian upper class parents treat their children actually?
A. Cruelly. B. Kindly C. Strictly
20. What will the speaker talk about next?
A. Lower class families.
B. Upper class children’s situation.
C. Comparisons between upper and lower classes.
第二部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1.The popularity of government posts has dropped in recent years, though the civil service jobs are still favored by the Chinese as they offer a _______ stable career.
A. relatively B. regularly
C. roughly D. rigidly
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查副词辨析。句意：近年来，政府职位的受欢迎程度有所下降，但公务员的职位仍然受到中国人的青睐，因为它们提供了相对稳定的职业。A. relatively相对地；B. regularly规则地；C. roughly 粗略地；D. rigidly僵直地。由“ the civil service jobs are still favored by the Chinese”可知，公务员职位仍然受到中国人的青睐，因为与其它工作相比，它们提供了相对稳定的职业。故A选项正确。
2.－I was afraid I would miss the important lecture.
－Oh, was that why you _______asking me to speed up?
A. had kept B. are keeping
C. would keep D. kept
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：——我担心我会错过重要的演讲。——哦，这就是你一直要求我加快速度的原因吗？分析句子以及上下句的时态，可以判断出本句为一般过去时。故D选项正确。
3.Having been treated in the hospital for as long as six months, the man injured in the car crash is now eventually back _______ his feet.
A. at B. in
C. on D. to
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在医院接受了长达六个月的治疗后，在车祸中受伤的那个人现在终于恢复了健康。be back on one’s feet意为“恢复；完全复原”，为固定短语。故C选项正确。
4.They _______ the business deal in less than an hour, after which they had a golf game.
A. wrapped up B. picked up
C. called up D. took up
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们在不到一个小时的时间里达成了这笔生意，之后他们打了一场高尔夫球。A. wrapped up达成；B. picked up拾起；C. called up打电话给；召集；D. took up从事于。由“ business deal”可知，wrapped up“达成”符合语境。故A选项正确。
5.In many homes in the UK, the first person _______ has to make tea for the family.
A. waking up B. to wake up
C. woke up D. woken up
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：在英国的许多家庭中，第一个醒来的人必须为家人泡茶。分析句子可知，当名词前有序数词和last等修饰时，要用动词不定式作后置定语。故选B项正确。
6.People from all walks of life are eager for success, _______ lack of confidence, however, is a great barrier.
A. where B. which
C. to which D. beyond which
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：各行各业的人都渴望成功，然而，缺乏自信是一个巨大的障碍。此处success是先行词，指物；a great barrier to---，对---是一个大的障碍；所以此处用介词to+which引导非限制性定语从句，故选C。
7.－You know, people have different opinions about the construction of the project.
－We welcome any comments from them, favorable or _______.
A. so B. otherwise
C. else D. rather
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查词义辨析。句意：——你知道，人们对项目的建设有不同的看法。——我们欢迎他们的任何意见，无论是赞成还是其他。A. so这样；B. otherwise其他方面的；C. else其他的，单个else作“否则”讲；D. rather相当。由“or”可知，前后两个词为选择关系。所以otherwise“其他方面的”符合语境。故B选项正确。
8.－What if the rainstorm continues?
－Come on guys! We have to meet the _______ whatever the weather.
A. standard B. demand
C. deadline D. satisfaction
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：——如果暴雨继续，怎么办？——来吧，伙计们！不管天气如何，我们都必须如期完成。A. standard标准；B. demand要求；C. deadline 最后期限；D. satisfaction满意。由whatever the weather“不管天气如何”可知，meet the deadline“赶上最后期限，按期完成”符合语境。故C选项正确。
9.As teachers we shouldn’t accept the argument given by some people _______ standardized tests restrict educators too much and take the joy out of teaching.
A. where B. what
C. how D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：作为教师，我们不应该接受一些人的论点，即标准化考试对教育工作者限制太多，使教育失去了乐趣。分析句子可知，本句为同位语从句，从句的句意完整且句子不缺少任何句子成分，解释说明argument的内容，所以连接词为that。故D选项正确。
10.－The online shopkeeper has made an apology for his rude behavior.
－OK. If you’re still not satisfied, you can _______ compensation.
A. claim B. afford
C. sacrifice D. dismiss
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词辨析。句意：——网店老板已经为他的粗鲁行为道歉。——好的。如果你仍然不满意，你可以要求赔偿。A. claim索取；B. afford支付得起；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. dismiss解雇。根据前面的If you’re still not satisfied可知，是进一步的要求，claim compensation“要求赔偿”符合语境。故A选项正确。
11.This car is important to our family. We would repair it at our expense _______ it break down within the first year.
A. could B. would
C. might D. should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词和虚拟语气。句意：这辆车对我们家很重要。如果在第一年内发生故障，我们将自费修理。A. could能；B. would会；C. might也许会；D. should应该。分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句为：sb should do sth，主句为：sb would/could/might/should do。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。故D选项正确。
【点睛】if虚拟条件句和对应主句的动词形式列表：
条件从句的谓语动词形式
主句谓语动词形式
与过去事实相反的假设
had done
would/could/might/should have done
与现在事实相反的假设
过去时(was→were)
would/could/might/should do
与将来事实相反的假设
过去时 (was→were ) ;
should do;
were to do
would/could/might/should do
当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。
分析句子可知，本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，表示与将来事实相反的假设，从句为：sb should do sth, 主句为：sb would/could/might/should do。当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前构成部分倒装句。因前面从句已经用了would，所以主句应该用should。故D选项正确。
12.－I _______ in the same position too long My legs have fallen asleep.
－Shake it a little before you get up.
A. will sit B. have sat
C. am sitting D. have been stting
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查现在完成进行时。句意：——我坐的太久了，腿麻了。——站起来之前动一动。分析句意可知，本句为现在完成时，表示表示从过去某一时间开始一直在进行的动作，并有可能持续下去，其形式为：sb have/has been doing sth。故D选项正确。
13.－You’ve been coughing so badly recently. Give up smoking, please.
－_______. I think I am addicted to it.
A. It can’t be helped B. Good idea
C. So far, so good D. Far from it
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查习惯用语辨析。句意：——最近你一直咳嗽得很厉害。戒烟吧。——那无济于事，我想我已经上瘾了。A. It can’t be helped这是无法避免的；B. Good idea好主意；C. So far, so good到现在为止，一直都还不错；D. Far from it远非如此。由“I think I am addicted to it”（我想我已经上瘾了），所以It can’t be helped“这是无法避免的”符合语境。故A选项正确。
14.I feel I am as well-behaved and as careful as my deskmate, but _______ I always fall behind?
A. how about B. how come
C. what if D. what for
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查固定用法。句意：我觉得我和我的同桌一样做的好，一样细心，但为什么我总是落后呢？。A. how about怎么样；B. how come为什么；C. what if假若……怎么办；D. what for为什么。how come+主语+动词=why/whatfor引导的特殊疑问句。分析句子可知，本句为陈述性的语序表疑问。故B选项正确。
【点睛】how come是固定搭配，意为：“怎么会……?怎么回事……?怎么搞的……?”它和why一样,可以用来引导一个问句。所不同的是，如果用How come来提问，就表示你觉得某件事很奇怪，有点想不通；并且，以How come开头的问句使用的仍是陈述句的语序。how come+主语+动词=why/whatfor引导的特殊疑问句？分析句子可知，本句为陈述性的语序表疑问。故B选项正确。
15.－What about inviting Tracy to host the party?
－Good idea! She is very quick in mind. Oh, _______, here she comes.
A. don’t pull my leg B. a little bird told me
C. speak of the devil D. it’s a piece of cake
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查习惯表达辨析。句意：——邀请Tracy来主持派对怎么样？——好主意！她头脑敏捷。说曹操，曹操到。A. don’t pull my leg别跟我开玩笑；B. a little bird told me有人私下告诉我；C. speak of the devil说曹操，曹操就到；D. it’s a piece of cake小菜一碟。由“here she comes”可知，speak of the devil“说曹操，曹操就到”符合语境。故C选项正确。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从A，B，C，D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上相应位置进行填涂。
My eight-year-old son’s soccer team in Washington DC was put together several years ago. The team has won ___16___ one game in the last three seasons. Yet, despite the endless ___17___, soccer is my son’s favorite activity. He plays soccer at every ___18___, even at break time and at the aftercare(病后护理), and although he doesn’t play as well as the best players in his school, this hasn’t ___19___ him in the least.
This has been repeated often, but I ___20___ it first-hand: soccer is about friendship as much as it is about learning to control the ball and make successful ___21___. Watching the children, I see that winning is a distant ___22___ goal for them. What they enjoy is each other’s presence and the fact that they’re in this game ___23___.
Actually, I went through a phase of giving my son suggestions such as: Why aren’t you more ___24___ once you have the ball? He ____25____ my sudden torrent(滔滔不绝) of guidance. “Mom, I play midfield or defense, not forward. And ____26____, soccer isn’t about being aggressive. It’s about ____27____.” After hearing that, I paused and ____28____. How strange it is that I, who never played any sport for a single day of my life, wanted my son to be a(n) ____29____ footballer!
Isn’t it extraordinary that kids don’t necessarily ____30____ their attempts to have impressive results? They love the activity for itself. Becoming an adult means a gradual ____31____ of that spirit. To stand out or ____32____, people develop a spirit of competition. How often have I become ____33____－professionally and personally－when things haven’t gone the way I wanted? I’ve ____34____ there’s much to learn from soccer-loving eight-year-olds: do your best, be passionate, enjoy yourself, and then, regardless of the ____35____, move on.
16. A. likely B. only C. really D. nearly
17. A. losses B. noises C. chaos D. cautious
18. A. invitation B. time C. opportunity D. level
19. A. confused B. prejudiced C. threatened D. discouraged
20. A. predicted B. grasped C. practiced D. modified
21. A. presentations B. wishes C. passes D. summaries
22. A. secondary B. ambiguous C. specific D. changeable
23. A. otherwise B. therefore C. together D. already
24. A. considerate B. aggressive C. confident D. accustomed
25. A. stopped B. studied C. delayed D. released
26. A. on the case B. in that case C. in no case D. in any case
27. A. correction B. adaptation C. observation D. cooperation
28. A. reflected B. hesitated C. remembered D. imagined
29. A. interesting B. attacking C. unwilling D. touching
30. A. damage B. notice C. expect D. forget
31. A. recovery B. power C. burden D. death
32. A. interact B. innovate C. subscribe D. survive
33. A. addicted B. disappointed C. experienced D. complicated
34. A. realized B. ensured C. recalled D. insisted
35. A. formulas B. problems C. results D. incomes
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. A 26. D 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文叙述了作者儿子所在的足球队，尽管在过去的三个赛季里只赢了一场比赛，但是作者的儿子非常喜欢足球，利用一切机会踢球，在与孩子交谈的过程中，作者领会到了足球不仅关乎学习控球和成功传球，也关乎友谊。作者也从孩子那里学到了很多的东西：尽力而为，充满激情，尽情享受，然后，不管结果如何，继续前进。
【16题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. likely可能地；B. only仅仅；C. really确实地；D. nearly将近。句意：这支球队在过去三个赛季只赢过一场比赛。由“one game”可知，这支球队在过去三个赛季只赢过一场比赛。故B选项切题。
【17题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. losses丧失；B. noises噪音；C. chaos混乱；D. cautious谨慎的。句意：然而，尽管总是输球，但是足球却是我儿子最喜欢的运动。由前文可知，球队在过去三个赛季只赢过一场比赛。所以球队经常输球。故A选项切题。
【18题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. invitation邀请；B. time时间；C. opportunity机会；D. level水平。句意：他一有机会就踢足球，即使是在休息时间和病后护理时，尽管他表现的不如学校里最好的球员一样好，但这并没有让他气馁。由“even at break time and at the aftercare(病后护理)”可知，他一有机会就踢足球。故C选项切题。
【19题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. confused使困惑；B. prejudiced使产生偏见；C. threatened威胁；D. discouraged使灰心丧气。句意：他一有机会就踢足球，即使是在休息时间和病后护理时，尽管他表现的不如学校里最好的球员一样好，但这并没有让他气馁。由although可知，前后语意表示转折关系，所以discourage“使灰心丧气”符合语境。故D选项切题。
【20题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. predicted预测；B. grasped领会；C. practiced练习；D. modified修改。句意：足球一直在反复地踢，但我有切身体会：足球不仅关乎学习控球和成功传球，也关乎友谊。由“soccer is about friendship as much as it is about learning to control the ball and make successful passes”可知，足球不仅关乎学习控球和成功传球，也关乎友谊。所以这是作者所领会的内容。故grasped“领会”符合语境。故B选项切题。
【21题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. presentations展示；B. wishes希望；C. passes传球；D. summaries总结。句意：足球一直在反复地踢，但我有切身体会：足球不仅关乎学习控球和成功传球，也关乎友谊。and并列连接着两个动作，控制球然后要传球。故C选项切题。
【22题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. secondary次要的；B. ambiguous模棱两可的；C. specific具体的；D. changeable易变的。句意：看着孩子们，我看到胜利对他们来说是一个遥远的次要目标。由下文可知，他们喜欢的是彼此的存在，以及他们一起参与比赛的事实，所以取得胜利是次要的目标。故A选项切题。
【23题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. otherwise否则；B. therefore因此；C. together在一起；D. already已经。句意：他们喜欢的是彼此的存在，以及他们一起参与这个比赛的事实。足球是一项多人一起合作的运动，所以together“在一起”正确。故C选项切题。
【24题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. considerate体贴的；B. aggressive攻击性的；C. confident自信的；D. accustomed习惯的。句意：事实上，有段时期我一直给我儿子建议，比如：为什么你在拿到球后没有更加积极地进攻？作者看来，拿到球后就应该进攻。所以作者在问自己的儿子“为什么你在拿到球后没有更加积极地进攻昵”以及下文中的“ aggressive”。故B选项切题。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. stopped停止；B. studied学习；C. delayed拖延；D. released释放。句意：他打断了我滔滔不绝的指导。由下文儿子对作者说的话可以看出来，儿子打断了作者滔滔不绝的指导，并解释了足球不仅仅是进攻，更多的是合作。故A选项切题。
【26题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. on the case关于那个案件；B. in that case在这种情况下；C. in no case决不；D. in any case无论如何。句意：无论如何，足球并不只是进攻。in any case“无论如何”表示不管条件怎样变化，其结果始终不变。故D选项切题。
【27题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. correction改正；B. adaptation适应；C. observation观察；D. cooperation合作。句意：还有合作。作者的儿子在向作者解释了足球不仅仅是进攻，更多的是合作。故D选项切题。
【28题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. reflected沉思；B. hesitated犹豫；C. remembered记得；D. imagined想象。句意：听完之后，我停下来思考了一下。作者在听了儿子的话之后，是深有感触的，所以作者停下来思考了一下。故A选项切题。
【29题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. interesting有趣的；B. attacking进攻的；C. unwilling不愿意的；D. touching动人的。句意：我一生中从未参加过任何运动，却希望我的儿子成为一名进攻型足球运动员，这是多么奇怪啊!由前文的“Why aren’t you more aggresive once you have the ball”可知，为什么你在拿到球后没有更加积极地进攻?所以作者希望自己儿子成为一名进攻型足球运动员。故B选项切题。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. damage毁坏；B. notice注意到；C. expect期望；D. forget忘记。句意：孩子们不一定期望自己的尝试能取得令人赞叹的结果，这难道不奇怪吗？由前文可知，孩子们很注重团队合作，很注重每个人的参与来共同完成一项任务，也很享受这个过程，并不刻意地期望令人赞叹的结果。所以作者在反问，这不奇怪吗？在作者眼里，这是不可理解的。故C选项切题。
【31题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. recovery恢复；B. power权力；C. burden负担；D. death死亡。句意：成为一个成年人意味着这种精神的逐渐消亡。成年人与孩子在思考同一个问题时，他们的想法是不同的。当孩子长大成为成年人时，孩子时有的精神就会逐渐消亡。所以成为一个成年人意味着这种精神的逐渐消亡。故D选项切题。
【32题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. interact互相影响；B. innovate创新；C. subscribe订阅；D. survive幸存。句意：为了脱颖而出或生存，人们培养了竞争精神。根据常识可知，竞争的目的就是为了脱颖而出或生存。故D选项切题。
【33题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. addicted上瘾的；B. disappointed失望的；C. experienced有经验的；D. complicated复杂的。句意：当事情没有按照我想要的方式发展时，在职业和个人方面来说，我会多么地感到失望？由“things haven’t gone the way I wanted”可知，事情没有按照我想要的方式发展，所以一定会失望的。故B选项切题。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. realized意识到；B. ensured保证；C. recalled回想起；D. insisted坚持。句意：我意识到，我从一个热爱足球的8岁孩子那里我学到了很多的东西：尽力而为，充满激情，尽情享受，然后，不管结果如何，继续前进。8岁的孩子教会了作者很多的东西，所以作者意识到从一个热爱足球的8岁孩子那里我学到了很多的东西。故A选项切题。
【35题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. formulas公式；B. problems问题；C. results结果；D. incomes收入。句意：我意识到，从一个热爱足球的8岁孩子那里我学到了很多的东西：尽力而为，充满激情，尽情享受，然后，不管结果如何，继续前进。通过前文可知，作者儿子所在的足球队，尽管在过去的三个赛季里只赢了一场比赛，但是作者的儿子仍然非常喜欢足球。不管结果怎么样，他都要向前进。所以作者通过这个事情作者得出了感悟：尽力而为，充满激情，尽情享受，然后，不管结果如何，继续前进。故C选项切题。
【点睛】巧用语意转折线索解题。有些句子含有表示转折或对比的连词、副词或副词短语，如but， though， although， instead， however， on the contrary， otherwise等，我们可利用这些暗示来解决问题，从而判断出要表的真正意思.
小题4中，由although可知，前后语意表示作者关系，所以discourage“使灰心丧气”符合句意。故D选项切题。
第三部分 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Brecon Beacons YAC has an amazing opportunity for budding(崭露头角的) archaeologists of all ages, in Sunderland in Tyne and Wear. Thanks to funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund, professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong will be investigating an archaeological mystery and they need your help.
Romans?
“The site is a bit of a mystery”, Frank Giecco from Wardell Armstrong said. “There is a very nice cropmark recorded on the site that has got lots of people very excited. Geophysicists failed to find anything relating to the cropmark. There is anecdotal evidence of Roman material being found, but nothing is officially recorded. We hope to finally answer the question of what is in this field, during the two weeks on site. Is there evidence of any Roman occupation on the site? Can you help us find out?”
Get involved
This is an opportunity for both adults and children to take part in field walking and trial trenching (small hand-dug test pits for children). No experience is necessary, training will be provided by the professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong, and all equipment will be provided. Volunteers can attend for as few or as many days as they wish, but they do need to book a place.
For more information, and to book your place, please contact Norman Kirtlan at sunderlandforgottenstonesgmail.com.
36. If you intend to take part in the activity, you ________.
A. will be charged for using equipment
B. will be coached by experts in the field
C. should have worked with archaeologists before
D. should spare two weeks to stay at the site
37. What’s the main purpose of the passage?
A. To seek funding for archaeological research.
B. To appeal for help in proving findings based on anecdotal evidence.
C. To find volunteers to help solve an archaeological mystery.
D. To organize volunteers to help sort our data on the Roman occupation.
【答案】36. B 37. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了一个考古谜团，并征召志愿者参与考古，以解开该谜团。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。由Get involved中的“training will be provided by the professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong”可知，由Wardell Armstrong的专业考古学家提供培训，所以如果你打算参加这项活动，你将接受该领域专家的指导。故B选项正确。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“professional archaeologists from Wardell Armstrong will be investigating an archaeological mystery and they need your help.”可知，来自Wardell Armstrong的专业考古学家们将调查一个考古谜团，他们需要你的帮助，以及Get involved中对于对参与考古条件的介绍，可判断出这篇文章的主要目的是寻找志愿者来帮助解开一个考古谜团。故C选项正确。
B
Why don’t quiet carriages work, and how might they be make to? Quiet carriages on trains are a nice idea: travelers voluntarily make their phones silent, turn stereos off and keep chatter to a minimum. However, in reality, there is usually at least one silly babbler(喋喋不休的人) to break the silence.
A couple of problems prevent peaceful trips. First, there is a sorting problem: some passengers end up in the quiet carriage by accident and are not aware of the rules. Second, there is a commitment problem: noise is sometimes made by travelers who choose the quiet carriage but find an important call hard to ignore.
The train operators are trying to find answers. Trains in Queensland Australia, are having permanent signs added to show exactly what is expected; a British operator has invested in some technology to prevent phone calls.
Microeconomics suggests another approach. Fining people for making a noise would surely dissuade(劝阻) the polluter and is a neat solution in theory, but it requires costly monitoring and enforcement. Another way would be to use prices to separate quiet and noisy passengers－in effect, creating a market for silence. A simple idea would be to sell access to the quiet carriage as an optional extra when the ticket is bought. Making the quiet coach both an active choice and a costly one would dissuade many of those who don’t value a peaceful ride.
Charging may also solve the commitment problem. This is particularly tricky, as attitudes to noise can change during the journey. Some passengers would pay the quiet premium but still chatter away when some vital news arrives. Schemes that reward the silent－a rating system among fellow passengers, for example－could help. The idea is that losing your hard-won reputation offsets the short-term gain from using the phone. But such a system also fails the simplicity test.
A 2010 book by George Akerlof and Rachel Kranton argues that “norms”－feelings about how everyone should behave－also play a role in decision-making. Charging a price, even if just a token amount, means the quiet carriage becomes a service that fellow passengers have bought, not just a preference they have expressed. Perhaps different norms would come into play, encouraging calm. If not, a personal bubble is always an option: noise-canceling headphones start at around $50.
38. According to the passage, what does microeconomics suggest?
A. Finding the source of noise.
B. Putting a price on noise.
C. Avoid using a phone in the carriage.
D. Investing more money in monitoring and enforcement.
39. By “a personal bubble is always an option,” the author means ________.
A. one can make his own choice B. one should respect others’ privacy
C. one can create his own personal space D. one should stick to his personal budget
40. This passage is mainly about ________.
A. people’s favoured transportation
B. effective methods of monitoring noise levels
C. possible solutions to noise in train carriages
D. common forms of misbehavior of passengers
【答案】38. B 39. C 40. C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。让车厢安静缘何行不通，如何才能静下来？对于此问题，短文介绍了了几个因素常阻扰乘客享受宁静的旅途，并从列车员的角度尤其从微观经济学的角度讨论了关于解决火车车厢噪音的方案。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“Fining people for making a noise would surely dissuade(劝阻) the polluter and is a neat solution in theory”可知，理论上讲，向那些吵吵闹闹的旅客收取罚款无疑会劝阻他们勿吵勿闹，不失为一个干净利落的方法。所以根据这篇文章，微观经济学的观点是让人们为噪音埋单。故B选项正确。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“If not, a personal bubble is always an option: noise-canceling headphones start at around $50.”可知，若效果不佳，创造一点个人空间从来不失为一良策——毕竟消音耳机的起价仅约50美元。所以通过“a personal bubble is always an option”在短文中的意思，可以判断出，作者的意思是一个人可以创造自己的个人空间。故C选项正确。
【40题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，让车厢安静缘何行不通，如何才能静下来？对于此问题，短文介绍了了几个因素常阻扰乘客享受宁静的旅途，并从列车员的角度尤其从微观经济学的角度讨论关于解决火车车厢噪音的解决方案。所以短文主要在讨论关于解决火车车厢噪音的方案。故C选项正确。
C
Shop with Your Doc is part of a broader and still growing movement in US medicine to shift the focus away from simply treating disease toward caring for the whole person. It is meant to help people make educated, healthy choices one grocery cart at a time. Across the country, hospitals are setting up food banks and medical schools are putting cooking classes on the curriculum. Nonprofits are connecting medical centers with community resources to ensure that low-income Americans have access to fresh fruits and vegetables.
For centuries, Western medicine’s mission was to cure disease. But over the past generation, two generation, two significant trends are of concern to the medical community, says Timothy Harlan, executive director of Goldring Center for Culinary Medicine at Tulane University in New Orleans. Healthcare costs began to soar(激增), and relatively inexpensive, poor-quality food became more common. “There’s a very straightforward link between people improving their diets and improving the condition that they have,” Dr. Harlan says.
The connection drove the medical and nonprofit communities to rethink their approach to health. What emerged was the concept of the “social determinants of health”－the notion of taking into account the biological, physical, and socioeconomic circumstances surrounding a patient. A healthy person isn’t just someone who is free from disease, the theory goes; he or she also enjoys “a state of complete mental, physical and social well-being.”
The question the medical community now faces is how to get patients－especially low-income families－to recognize these determinants and make it possible for them to eat and live healthier. In Boston, medical experts responded by creating an on-site pantry(食品室) at Boston Medical Center. Since its founding in 2002, the pantry has evolved into a kind of nutrition center where primary care providers at BMC send patients for food. Today the pantry, which gets 95 percent of its stock from the Greater Boston Food bank, hosts free cooking classes and serves about 7,000 people a month. The Greater Boston Food Bank has also launched its own initiatives, striking partnerships with four community health centers across the state to offer free mobile produce markets. The organization also helped develop toolkits(软件包) that map local pantries, markets that accept government food vouchers, and other resources.
At Tulane in New Orleans, Harlan is leading the development of a curriculum that combines medicine with the art of food preparation. His philosophy: Doctors who know their way around a kitchen are better at helping their patients. And empowering patients to take charge of their own diets is one way to help them deal with the incredible costs of health care, Harlan says. The curriculum has since been adopted at 35 medical schools around the United States. Chipping away at bad habits is a good place to start getting patients to think about the choices they make for themselves and their families, say Dr Maureen Villasenor, the Orange County pediatrician(儿科医生).
41. The aim of Shop with Your Doc is to _______.
A. help patients relax before an operation
B. assist patients in finding food fit for them
C. control people’s food consumption in supermarkets
D. persuade low-income families to take more fruits and vegetables
42. Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly talk about _______.
A. the role Western medicine has been playing
B. how a new concept of health came into being
C. medical communities’ worries about food safety
D. why low-income families are less reliable on healthcare
43. What do we know about the Greater Boston Food Bank?
A. Its cooking classes are free of charge.
B. It was founded at the beginning of the 21st century.
C. It helps people locate pantries and markets.
D. It treats many a patient from BMC.
44. What can be inferred about the curriculum developed by Harlan?
A. It appeals to a number of US medical schools.
B. It is specially designed for doctors in communities.
C. Its content has little to do with medicine.
D. Its philosophy is questioned by Dr. Maureen Villasenor.
【答案】41. B 42. C 43. C 44. A
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了美国医学界中一个广泛且仍在不断发展的运动的一部分——Shop with Your Doc，它将焦点从单纯的治疗疾病转向关注病人的整个健康。其目的是帮助人们在每次购物时，做出明智、健康的选择。
41题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“Shop with Your Doc is part of a broader and still growing movement in US medicine to shift the focus away from simply treating disease toward caring for the whole person. It is meant to help people make educated, healthy choices one grocery cart at a time”可知，Shop with Your Doc是美国医学界一项广泛且仍在不断发展的运动的一部分，它将焦点从单纯的治疗疾病转向关注病人的整个健康，它旨在帮助人们在每次购物时，做出明智、健康的选择。所以Shop with Your Doc的目的是帮助病人找到适合他们的食物。故B选项正确。
【42题详解】
主旨大意题。由第二段“Healthcare costs began to soar(激增), and relatively inexpensive, poor-quality food became more common. “There’s a very straightforward link between people improving their diets and improving the condition that they have,” Dr. Harlan says.以及第三段“The connection drove the medical and nonprofit communities to rethink their approach to health.”可知，医疗成本开始上升，相对廉价的、质量低劣的食物变得越来越普遍。Dr. Harlan说“人们改善饮食和改善身体状况之间有着非常直接的联系。这种联系促使医学界和非营利组织重新思考他们对待健康的方式。“所以第2段和第3段主要讨论在医学界对食品安全的担忧，所以促使医学界和非营利组织重新思考他们对待健康的方式。故C选项正确。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“The organization also helped develop toolkits(软件包) that map local pantries, markets that accept government food vouchers, and other resources.”可知，该组织还帮助开发了软件包，用于确定本地食品储藏室、接受政府食品代金券的市场和其他资源的地理位置。所以Greater Boston Food Bank帮助人们查找食品储藏室和市场。故C选项正确。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“The curriculum has since been adopted at 35 medical schools around the United States.”可知，该课程已被美国35所医学院采纳。所以通过关键词“35 medical schools”我们可以推断出，Harlan开发的课程吸引了许多美国医学院。故A选项正确。
【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或者正向推理做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。由最后段“The curriculum has since been adopted at 35 medical schools around the United States.”可知，该课程已被美国35所医学院采纳。所以通过关键词“35 medical schools”我们可以推断出，Harlan开发的课程吸引了许多美国医学院。故小题4的正确选项为A选项。
D
Partway through Wonder, Fifth-grader Auggie Pullman finds himself seated across from a new friend in the school cafeteria. “Have you ever thought about having plastic surgery?” the friend asks.
“Dude, this is after plastic surgery. It takes a lot of work to look this good,” Auggie says, running a hand through his hair. In other words, what could be painfully depressing turns out to hold lurking(潜藏的) reserves of humour, which is pretty much the story of Wonder.
Auggie, played by Jacob Tremblay, was born with a facial difference, and even after multiple operations, his looks shock his classmates. As he adapts from homeschooling to a new school community, he encounters far worse than that lunchtime scene－one nasty bully(横行霸道者) says he’d kill himself if he looked like Auggie－but he never fully loses heart.
The movie is an adaptation of the 2012 novel by R.J.Palacio, which has sold 6 million copies in North America and launched an antibullying campaign, Choose Kind. Palacio has said she got the idea for the story when her young son began crying at the sight of a girl with a facial difference in an ice cream shop. She took her kids out of the shop, but later regretted her reaction. “What I should have done is simply turned to the little girl and started up a conversation and shown my kids that there was nothing to be afraid of,” she said.
Tremblay, 11, who broke out opposite Brie Larson in the 2015 drama Room, has more than a few things in common with Auggie. “We both love Star Wars, we have awesome families, and we love our dogs.” But Tremblay thinks we all can find something in common with the boy. “Everyone’s like Auggie in one very important way: we want to be accepted and treated equally and with kindness.”
Julia Roberts, who plays Auggie’s mother, became interested in the part because of her own children, “I read it with my kids and fell so in love with it,” she says of the novel. “This book is such a beautiful and gentle introduction into all kinds of topics, including bullying and intolerance and fear, and what fear makes young people do sometimes.”
Both actors have some familiarity with the subject. “I was picked on quite a bit as a young person,” Roberts says, though she won’t say what for. “Even as a 50-year-old mother of three, it’s not a path I like to go up and down.” Tremblay reveals a bit more. “I have been picked on,” he says, “because I’m kind of short for me age. I told my parents, and that’s one of the best things you can do, because my mom said would never want me to carry negative thoughts on my shoulders alone.”
The most challenging parts of filming, says Tremblay, were moments in which he had to cry. Tenderhearted audience members will likely shed tears of their own－especially during scenes between Auggie and his mom, who repeatedly reassures her son that he is worthy of love. But the movie also has its fair share of hijinks(喧闹): for every tear-filled moment, there is a lightsaber battle or silly science project to lighten the mood. This mixture of pity and humor, says Roberts, “was intrinsic(固有的) in the writing in the novel.” But she credits writer-director Stephen Chbosky with translating that balance into visual terms.
As much as the movie impresses the viewer with compassion for the underdogs, it also finds a way to sympathize with the bullies. “I would say to try to take a moment to be conscious of why a person that is bullying somebody is behaving that way,” says Roberts, “After all”, she adds, “There’s no child that’s born bully.”
45. How did Auggie respond to his friend’s question?
A. He felt so embarrassed that he kept reserved.
B. He flew off the handle the moment he heard it.
C. He answered in a calm but humourous way.
D. He spent quite a while finding the right words.
46. What inspired the story of Wonder?
A. A campaign against bullying in North America.
B. Palacio’s kids being picked on by their classmates.
C. Palacio’s conversation with a girl in an ice cream shop.
D. The way Palacio treated a girl with a facial difference.
47. According to the passage, the theme of the movie Wonder is ________.
A. similar to that of the drama Room
B. focused on the safety of plastic surgery
C. diverse and closely relevant to personal growth
D. a reflection of minority groups’ fate in America
48. What does paragraph 7 mainly talk about?
A. How Julia Roberts got to know Jacob Tremblay.
B. Leading actors’ recalling similar experiences to those in Wonder.
C. Jacob Tremblay’s breakthrough in his acting career.
D. What influence Jacob Tremblay’s mother has on his growth.
49. According to Julia Roberts, Stephen Chbosky _______.
A. is a great lover of Star Wars and wild animals
B. was moved to tears by Jacob Tremblay’s acting
C. is qualified to adapt science fiction into movies
D. succeeded in mixing visual elements with emotion
50. What’s Julia Roberts’ attitude towards the bullies?
A. Uncaring. B. Negative.
C. Sympathetic. D. Cautious.
【答案】45. C 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. D 50. C
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇新闻访谈。短文报道了由小说改编的电影Wonder的基本情节，作者写这部小说的灵感来源，电影所反映的主题，以及导演的创作手法，主演的感受等等。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。由第二段“Dude, this is after plastic surgery. It takes a lot of work to look this good” Auggie says, running a hand through his hair. In other words, what could be painfully depressing turns out to hold lurking(潜藏的) reserves of humour”（伙计，这是整容手术后的样子了。要让自己看起来这么漂亮需要很多的努力”Auggie一边说，一边用手梳理着头发。）可知，所以通过Auggie所说的话以及他的语气可以判断出，Auggie平静而幽默地回答了他朋友的问题。故C选项正确。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“Palacio has said she got the idea for the story when her young son began crying at the sight of a girl with a facial difference in an ice cream shop. She took her kids out of the shop, but later regretted her reaction. ”可知，Palacio说，当她年幼的儿子在一家冰淇淋店看到一个长着不同脸型的女孩，他就开始大哭起来。她就有了写这个故事的想法。她把孩子们带出了商店，但后来后悔自己的反应。所以Palacio对待一个面部有差异的女孩的方式使Palacio有了写这个故事的想法。故D选项正确。
【47题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段“Everyone’s like Auggie in one very important way: we want to be accepted and treated equally and with kindness.”第六段“This book is such a beautiful and gentle introduction into all kinds of topics, including bullying and intolerance and fear, and what fear makes young people do sometimes.”可知，每个人都像Auggie一样希望被接受，被平等对待，被善待。这本书是对各种话题的美丽而温和的介绍，包括欺凌、不容忍和恐惧，以及恐惧有时使年轻人做些什么。Wonder这部电影改编自Palacio 2012年的小说，所以小说的主题就是电影的主题。电影中对于主人公个人成长的总结，也是电影的主题。故判断出电影Wonder的主题是多样化的且与个人成长密切相关。故C选项正确。
【48题详解】
主旨大意题。由第七段“Both actors have some familiarity with the subject. “I was picked on quite a bit as a young person,” Roberts says, Tremblay reveals a bit more. “I have been picked on,” he says, “because I’m kind of short for me age”可知，两个演员都对这个话题有些熟悉。“我年轻的时候经常被人欺负，”Roberts，Tremblay透露了更多。他说：“我被人欺负了，因为就我的年龄而言，我太矮了。”所以第7段主要是讲主演们回忆起与电影wonder的主人公具有相似的经历。故B选项正确。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。由倒数第二段“This mixture of compassion and humor, Roberts says, "is inherent in the writing of fiction." But she thinks writer and director Stephen chabowski has translated this balance into visual terms.”可知，Roberts说，这种怜悯和幽默的混合，“在小说的写作中是固有的。”但她认为作家兼导演的Stephen chabowski将这种平衡转化成了视觉元素。所以根据 Julia Roberts所说的，Stephen Chbosky成功地将视觉元素与情感混合在一起。故D选项正确。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。由最后一段“As much as the movie impresses the viewer with compassion for the underdogs, it also finds a way to sympathize with the bullies. ”可知，尽管这部电影给观众留下了同情弱者的印象，但它也找到了同情弱者的方法。所以通过关键词“sympathize with the bullies”可以判断出，Julia Roberts对仗势欺人者的态度是同情的。故C选项正确。
【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施，也可以判断出作者当时的态度是什么样的。
由第二段“Dude, this is after plastic surgery. It takes a lot of work to look this good” Auggie says, running a hand through his hair. In other words, what could be painfully depressing turns out to hold lurking(潜藏的) reserves of humour”（伙计，这是整容手术后的样子了。要让自己看起来这么漂亮需要很多的努力”Auggie一边说，一边用手梳理着头发。）可知，可能令人痛苦沮丧的事情却隐藏着幽默。所以通过奥吉所说的话以及他的语气可以判断出，Auggie平静而幽默地回答了他朋友的问题。故小题1的正确选项为C选项。
第Ⅱ卷 非选择题（共两部分，满分35分）
第一部分 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1词。
A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.
The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile(触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page.
Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader’s sense of control. The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically, either through making written notes or bending pages, limits one’s sensory experience and thus reduces long-term memory of the text.
Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear(线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.
As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. A 2006 study found that people read on screens in a “F” pattern, reading the entire top line but then only scanning through the text along the left side of the page. This sort of nonlinear reading reduces comprehension and actually makes it more difficult to focus the next time you sit down with a longer piece of text.
Tufts University neuroscientist Maryanne Wolf worries that “the superficial way we read during the day is affecting us when we have to read with more in-depth processing.” Individuals are increasingly finding it difficult to sit down and involve themselves deeply in a novel. As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a “slow reading” movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book.
Slow-reading advocates recommend at least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading away from the distractions of modern technology. By doing so, the brain can reengage with linear reading. The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate.
Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep. When many of us spend our days in front of screens, it can be hard to signal to our body that it’s time to sleep. By reading a paper book about an hour before bed, your brain enters a new zone, distinct from that enacted by reading on an e-reader.
Great News for People Who Read Actual Books
Reading in ___51___ helps with comprehension
●According to a 2014 study, readers of a short mystery on a Kindle had much worse memories of the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.
●The tactile experience of a book ___52___ significantly to the construction of a mental representation of the text.
●The use of e-readers influences a reader’s ___53___ to control the text physically, which limits one’s sensory experience. Making one ___54___to remember the text for a long time.
___55___ of two reading habits
●People read actual books in a linear fashion, using their senses to keep in mind the ___56___ of key information.
●When we read on screens, we ___57___ the deeper meaning of the text.
●People read on screens in an “F” pattern, making it difficult for them to read through long texts.
Benefits of slow reading
●The “slow reading” movement is meant to give readers a relatively ___58___ time to fully appreciate a whole book.
●At least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading on paper makes you less ___59___ and increase your concentration.
●Reading an old-fashioned novel helps us ____60____ better.
【答案】51. print
52. contributes
53. ability
54. unable/fail
55. Explanations/Comparisons
56. location
57. miss 58. easy/easier
59. stressed/anxious/worried
60. sleep
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解，对比了阅读纸质书籍和电子书籍这两种阅读习惯，说明了慢读和阅读纸质书籍的好处。
【51题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由“A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback. The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile(触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page”可知，2014年的一项研究发现，在Kindle上阅读一篇短篇侦探小说的读者，相比读平装书上同一篇小说的读者，在记忆情节顺序方面明显逊色很多。大脑在阅读时会根据书页在书中的位置以及单词在书页上的位置构建文本的心理表征。在阅读过程中，你手中逐渐变厚的书页，还是一个单词在页面上所处的位置，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。所以前两段在主要说明阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解。故填print。
【52题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第二段‘The tactile(触觉的) experience of a book aids this process’可知，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。“aid”可以用contribute to替换，都表示“有助于”。故填contributes。
【53题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第三段“Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader’s sense of control。The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically”可知，关于电子阅读器使用情况的调查显示，这影响了读者的控制感。读者不能翻回到之前的页面，也不能用有形的方式控制文本。所以电子阅读器的使用会影响读者用有形的方式控制文本的能力。故填ability。
【54题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第三段“thus reduces long-term memory of the text.”可知，因此降低了对文本的长期记忆。所以通过“reduce”可以判断出，unable/fail to do“未能做某事”符合句意。故填unable/fail。
【55题详解】
考查归纳概括的能力。由第四段，第五段“Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear(线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout. As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. ”可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以第四段，第五段在对比两种阅读习惯。故填 Explanations/Comparisons。
【56题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第四段“Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear(线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.”可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。“layout”可用location替换，都表示“位置”。故填location。
【57题详解】
考查归纳概括的能力。由第五段“As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning. ”可知，随着我们越来越多地在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以通过“rather than really absorb its meaning”可知，用miss“错过”概括。故填miss。
【58题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第六段“As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers have started a “slow reading” movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through a book.”可知，因此，一些研究人员和文学爱好者开始了一场“慢读”运动，以抵消他们阅读时的困难。所以通过“counteract their difficulty”可知，用easy/easier“容易的”替换。故填easy/easier。
【59题详解】
考查同义转换的能力。由第七段“The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate.”可知，养成慢速阅读的习惯有很多好处，可以减轻压力，提高注意力。所以通过“stress”可以判断出，stressed/anxious/worried“焦虑的”可以替换。故填stressed/anxious/worried。
【60题详解】
考查提取信息的能力。由第八段“Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep”可知，读一本老式小说也有助于改善睡眠。故填 sleep。
【点睛】任务型阅读的解题方法之一根据问题查找定位信息，加工分析并转换成另一种表达方式。常见的 转换方式(1)词性转换（2)句子结构转换(3)同义词和反义词转换(4)前缀和后缀转换(5)另选其它词来释义。
如小题2中的“aid”判断出contribute to“有助于”符合句意。aid与 contribute to“有助于”为同义词。故填contributes。
如小题9中的“stress ”可以判断出，stressed/anxious/worried“焦虑的”，符合句意。stress与stressed为词性转换。故填stressed/anxious/worried。
第二部分 书面表达（25分）
61.请阅读下面这则寓言，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
On a sunny day s shepherd(牧羊人) walked with his two hungry sheep along a winding country path. He managed to have them two tied to each other just in case they should go separated. It was quite a long time before they arrived at a place where there was merely a small amount of fresh grass on each side of the path. Both of the sheep were so hungry that they hurried to the grass but in the separated direction as the picture showed. Unfortunately the rope fastening them was not long enough. No matter how hard they struggled, neither was able to reach the grass in front of them.
The shepherd was about to help them when he was surprised to find that one of them should voluntarily abandon the struggle, and went along with the other. Consequently, together the two sheep enjoyed the fresh grass on one side happily, and then the grass on the other.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30个单词概述上面这则寓言的主要内容。
2. 用约120个单词就此则寓言谈谈你的想法，内容包括：
（1）从这则寓言中，你获得了哪些启示？
（2）结合该寓言给你的启示，谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原谅语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题。
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当
参考词汇：fable寓言
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version:
The fable shares with readers a story about two sheep, both of whom choose cooperation rather than competition in order to have access to the fresh grass of different sides.
As a matter of fact, the fable mirrors that different attitudes may bring about different results. As an old saying goes, union means power. A chopstick breaks easily, while a bunch of them does not. Cooperation is therefore the best policy in any case because it can lead to a win-win situation, where both sides can gain benefit by virtue of joint efforts.
In my daily life, I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball, taking part in running races or going in for community-service activities. I learn a lot from my classmates and friends by following their advice. Meanwhile, I also do my part to help them in return. It is teamwork that helps us secure numerous victories.
【解析】
本文是一篇图画类作文。1. 用约30个单词概括漫画中的主要内容；要囊括人物、事件，范文中使用了许多高级词汇shares with ，rather than，have access to和both of whom choose cooperation rather than competition in order to……定语从句，以提高文章的档次。
2. 用约120个单词，就此则寓言谈谈你的想法，
考生在成文时应注意：合理发挥想象力，使文章表达自然，丰满。文章的写作要点要齐全： (1) 从这则寓言中，你获得了哪些启示？ the fable mirrors that…(2)结合该寓言给你的启示，谈谈你在生活中是如何做的。In my daily life, I often cooperate with,…注意文章的人称：以第一人称为主。时态：一般现在时。注意使用高级词汇mirror，bring about，lead to，cooperate with，Meanwhile, in return和句型，以提高文章的档次；恰当使用一些连词、插入语，使文章表达自然，流畅。注意次数：80—120之间。
【范文亮点】①Cooperation is therefore the best policy in any case because it can lead to a win-win situation, where both sides can gain benefit by virtue of joint efforts. 定语从句；②I often cooperate with my classmates when playing basketball, taking part in running races or going in for community-service activities.非谓语动词结构；③It is teamwork that helps us secure numerous victories.强调句。
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