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2019年浙江省高考考前冲刺卷（一）英语试题
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考前冲刺卷(一)
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Our first year in New York we rented a small apartment with a Catholic school nearby，taught by the Sisters of Charity，handsome women in long black gowns and hats.I liked them a lot，especially my grandmotherly fourth grade teacher，Sister Zoe.I had a lovely name，she said，and she had me teach the whole class how to pronounce it：Yo-lan-da.As the only immigrant in my class，I was put in a special seat in the first row by the window，apart from the other children so that Sister Zoe could tutor me without disturbing them.Slowly，she pronounced the new words I was to repeat：laundromat，cornflakes，subway，snow.
Soon I picked up enough English to understand horrible wars were in the air.Russian missiles were being collected and brought together，trained supposedly on New York City.On the television，President Kennedy，looking worried，was explaining we might have to go to war against the enemies.At school，we had air-raid drills：a worrying bell would go off and we’d move into the hall，fall to the floor，cover our heads with our coats，and imagine our hair falling out，the bones in our arms going soft.At home，Mami and my sisters and I prayed for world peace.In class I heard new vocabulary：nuclear bomb，radioactive fallout，bomb shelter.Sister Zoe explained how it would happen.She drew on the blackboard a picture of a mushroom and a cloud of dusty fallout that would kill us all.
The months grew cold，November，December.It was dark when I got up in the morning，and frosty when I followed my breath to school.One morning as I sat at my desk daydreaming，out the window，I saw dots in the air like the ones Sister Zoe had drawn—random at first，then lots and lots.I screamed，“Bomb！Bomb！” Sister Zoe moved around，her full black skirt ballooning out as she hurried to my side.A few girls began to cry.
But then Sister Zoe’s shocked look faded.“Why，Yolanda dear，that’s snow！” she laughed.“Snow.” “Snow，” I repeated.I looked out the window cautiously.All my life I had heard about the white snow that fell out of American skies in the winter.From my desk I watched the fine powder dust the sidewalk and parked cars below.“Each flake(雪花) was different，”Sister Zoe had said，“like a person，irreplaceable and beautiful.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作为移民孩子，作者在学校总会得到Zoe老师的特别关照，在一次下雪的时候，作者将雪误认为是炸弹，但Zoe老师告诉她说那是雪花，人如同这雪花一样，都是不可取代且美丽的。
1．According to Paragraph 1，which of the following words can best describe Sister Zoe?
A．Devoted. B．Faithful.
C．Ambitious. D．Considerate.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句可推断出，Zoe是一位考虑周到的老师。considerate意为“体贴的，考虑周到的”，符合题意。故选D。
2．Why did the writer scream suddenly on that December morning?
A．Because she heard bombs exploding.
B．Because she mistakenly caused a panic.
C．Because she thought bombs were coming.
D．Because she got excited about the snowfall.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可推断出，作者在那个12月的一个早上突然尖叫的原因是她认为炸弹就要落下来了。故选C。
3．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Snow
B．Bomb
C．New York Life
D．Sister Zoe’s Experience
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段最后一句及全文内容可知，Zoe告诉作者，人同雪花一样，美丽而又无可取代；此处用雪来比喻人，符合题意。故选A。
B
(2018·吉林长春质检)
Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system.However，many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night.The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep.Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population.A significant number of people work at night，work long hours，or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.
Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.In one study，thirteen healthy adult subjects(实验对象) who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours.During the experiment，the subjects were asked to perform several tasks，such as mathematics and word problems，while undergoing scans of their brain activity.The researchers found that the temporal lobe(颞叶) of the brain，the region involved in language processing，was active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough sleep.After several hours without sleep，there was no activity within this region.
Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short-term memory and reaction time—thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers，researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk.They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.5 percent.That’s the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries.The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep-deprived driving.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研究表明缺少睡眠会对大脑的活动产生不利影响，它和醉酒有同样的危险。
4．The underlined word “deprivation” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”．
A．weakness B．loss
C．discomfort D．pain
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，睡眠有助于增强免疫系统，以及现在多数成年人缺乏睡眠，可推知，画线处指直到最近几年，健康专家才意识到睡眠缺乏的严重性。由此可推知画线词的意思是“缺少，损失”，故选B。
5．The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation EXCEPT .
A．jet lag
B．long work hours
C．boring work
D．working at night
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A significant number of people work at night，work long hours，or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.”可知，句中提到A、B、D，没有提到C。故选C。
6．The purpose of the study described in Paragraph 2 was to determine .
A．how many hours people can survive without sleep
B．how people react when their sleep is interrupted
C．the changes in brain activity that occurs during sleep
D．the effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.”可知，研究的目的是确定缺少睡眠对大脑活动的影响。故选D。
7．Why does the author mention blood alcohol level in Paragraph 3?
A．To show how sleep deprivation reduces the blood alcohol level.
B．To show that sleep deprivation has the same dangerous effects as being drunk.
C．To suggest that sleep-deprived drivers are also likely to drink.
D．To argue against raising the legal limit for drunk driving.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short-term memory and reaction time—thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers，researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk.”可知，作者提到血液酒精浓度是为了表明缺少睡眠和醉酒有同样的危险。故选B。
C
The Leaning Tower of Pisa was not leaning when it was built in 1173 and it was straight like a pole.It started to shift direction soon after construction because of poor foundation in addition to the loose layer of subsoil(底土)．At the beginning，it leaned to the southeast before the shaky foundation started to shift leaning towards the southwest.After the period of structural strengthening in the beginning of 21st century，now the Leaning Tower of Pisa leans at an angle of 3.97 degrees.
In 1178，the shift in direction was observed for the first time when the construction had progressed further to the third floor.The tower was very heavy for the three-meter foundation that was built on a weak area of land.
For compensating(补偿) the leaning position，the builders started to construct the upper floors with one side higher than the other one.This caused the tower to lean in the other direction.This unusual structure led to the tower being actually curved.In spite of these efforts，the tower kept on leaning.
The government of Italy started to plan a prevention of the complete collapse of the tower in 1964.However，a request was put forward by the authorities to keep the leaning position because of the tourism industry of the region.
After nearly two decades of careful planning by engineers，historians and mathematicians，the stabilization efforts for the Leaning Tower of Pisa started in 1990.The tower was closed for the general public and the people living nearby moved away.For reducing the total weight of the tower，its seven bells which represented the seven musical notes were removed.The tower was reopened for the general public on December 15,2001.
In May 2008，after removing another 70 metric tons of earth，the engineers announced that the tower had been finally stabilized and it would remain stable for at least 200 years.
8．Why did the Leaning Tower of Pisa begin to lean?
A．It was too high like a pole.
B．Its foundation was far from strong.
C．The work of repair was delayed.
D．Its foundation shook badly.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“because of poor foundation in addition to the loose layer of subsoil(底土)”可知，塔开始倾斜的原因是地基的土壤不牢固。故选B。
9．When did people notice the Leaning Tower of Pisa shift its direction?
A．As soon as it was constructed.
B．At the end of the construction.
C．Soon after the construction.
D．In the course of the construction.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the shift in direction was observed for the first time when the construction had progressed further to the third floor”可知，人们是在建设的过程中发现比萨斜塔倾斜的。故选D。
10．Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to this passage?
a．People noticed the tower began to shift its direction.
b．The repair work was carried out last time.
c．The Leaning Tower of Pisa was repaired for the first time.
d．The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built.
e．The tower was opened to the visitors again.
f．The government started to make a plan for the tower.
A．c，d，a，f，b，e B．f，e，a，d，c，b
C．d，e，b，f，c，a D．d，a，f，c，e，b
答案 D
解析 细节排序题。根据题目中所列举的事实发生的时间可知，D项的顺序和文章的内容保持一致，故选D。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Practice Writing
Almost every student wants to succeed in their writing，don’t they？Actually，it isn’t that hard. 11
•Write every day.You may prefer to write a new short scene every day，or work on a long-term writing project.You might have a daily minimum of one paragraph，or an entire page.But if you take any advice from this page，stick to one important habit： 12 If you can’t find room in your schedule，try getting up early or going to bed late，even if you can only spare fifteen minutes.
•Write your way through writer’s block. 13 Getting anything on the page at all can help you get started.Write about how you’re stuck and can’t think of anything to write，or describe an object in the room in painfully exhaustive detail.A few minutes of this will often put you in “writing mode” and lead you to another idea.
•Look online，in bookstores，or in libraries for collections of writing prompts(提示)．These are designed to give you a starting point to work from，and are often ridiculous to spark your imagination and get you started.
• 14 If you’ve been writing for a while，chances are good that you keep getting drawn back to a particular style，topic，or format.Practicing a favorite type of writing is a great way to keep yourself motivated，but make an effort to vary your writing exercises once in a while.Try these challenges as exercises，whether or not you’re interested in polishing the end result.[KS5UKS5UKS5U]
If your writing projects or your narrators all sound similar，try a different style. 15
If most of your writing is for a blog，or for one long project，take a break from it.
A．Challenge yourself.
B．Write every single day.
C．Trade feedback with a group of supportive writers.
D．Here are some important points that you may find helpful.
E．Imitate another author，or combine the styles of two authors.
F．Handing new and difficult challenges is vital for improvement in any field.
G．Don’t be so afraid to write something “bad” that you end up staring at a blank document.
11．答案 D
解析 根据空格前两句和下文描述可知，空格处承上启下，D项“这里有些关键点，或许会对你有帮助”符合语境。故选D。
12．答案 B
解析 根据本段首句“Write every day.”以及本段最后一句中的“even if you can only spare fifteen minutes”可知，本段提出的建议是每天都写，哪怕只写十五分钟。B项与本段内容相呼应，符合语境。故选B。
13．答案 G
解析 根据下一句“Getting anything on the page at all can help you get started.”以及本段首句中的“writer’s block”可知，G项“不要如此害怕写一些‘不好’的东西，以致最终只能盯着空白的文档”，符合语境。故选G。
14．答案 A
解析 空格处是一个主旨句。根据本段最后一句中的“Try these challenges as exercises”可知，“these challenges”是指上文提到的挑战。所以本段主要讲的应是“挑战自己”。A项符合语境。故选A。
15．答案 E[KS5UKS5U]
解析 根据上一句中的“try a different style”可知，E项“模仿另一个作者或者将两个作者的风格结合在一起”符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018·安徽马鞍山质监)
For most people，retirement is the time during which they will spend the rest of their lives at home，bored to death.But being an active individual，I 16 to sit at home and live a dull life.
That is why I came to China soon after I retired in 2010 and taught 17 at a high school in Xingtai，Hebei Province.As Mother’s Day approached that year，I decided to hold a party for the students and their 18 .
With the help of the Chinese teachers，I 19 to hold a competition for the most 20 and original gift that a student can create for his or her mom.To be honest，I was 21 of persuading my students to inform their parents about the party.However，I was pleasantly 22 that most of the parents took time off their busy schedule to come.
My plan included 23 each student to stand up in front of the class and 24 express his or her feeling toward his or her mother.Some of my students were 25 enough to make their speeches in both English and Chinese.My shy students 26 their timidity(胆怯) to stand elegantly and expressed their 27 for their mothers! The mothers could not 28 their tears from being overjoyed by the tender(温柔的) words of their children.I felt extremely proud of my students.I was again surprised 29 I asked the students to present their handmade 30 to their mothers.I was deeply moved by their 31 .At the end of the 32 most parents expressed their gratitude(感激) to all of us.
That night strengthened my attitude toward life and 33 .I realized that I don’t have to 34 .I can share my knowledge of English with my students through 35 at schools and make a positive difference in their lives.Age is not a limit.
语篇解读 人生百味篇。对大多数人来说，退休就是百无聊赖地在家里度过他们的余生。但是作为一个积极的人，作者讨厌过这种无聊的退休生活。作者在退休后到一所高中继续教学，用自己的英语知识继续为社会作贡献。从而也证明了对社会作贡献没有年龄限制。
16．A.decide B．want
C．hate D．fail
答案 C
解析 根据上文说，大多数人退休后在家百无聊赖，下文用一个“But”可知我与他们不一样，故选“不喜欢(hate)”，故C项正确。
17．A.history B．English
C．art D．Chinese
答案 B
解析 根据最后一段中的“I can share my knowledge of English with my students”可知，我在学校教的是英语(English)，故选B项。
18．A.parents B．teachers
C．friends D．schoolmates
答案 A
解析 根据上句“As Mother’s Day approached that year，...”可知，随着母亲节的临近，我决定为学生和他们的父母(parents)举办一个晚会。故选A项。
19．A.continued B．refused
C．planned D．hesitated
答案 C
解析 句意为：在中国老师的帮助下，我计划举办一场比赛。根据句意可知，我决定要办一个晚会，自然就要计划(plan)一些事，故选C项。
20．A.thoughtful B．expensive
C．common D．shabby
答案 A
解析 根据文章可知，在母亲节到来之际，为表达对父母的爱而动手做的礼物应该是体贴的(thoughtful)，而不是expensive(昂贵的)，shabby(低劣的)；根据后面的original(独创的)可知不会是common(常见的，共同的)。故选A项。
21．A.proud B．fond
C．guilty D．skeptical
答案 D
解析 proud自豪的；fond喜欢的；guilty内疚的； skeptical怀疑的。根据后文中的“However，I was pleasantly that most of the parents took time off their busy schedule to come.”再由“However”可推断出我对学生们能否说服家长来参加晚会持怀疑态度。故选D项。
22．A.disappointed B．confident
C．surprised D．anxious
答案 C
解析 根据后一句“most of the parents took time off their busy schedule to come” 可知，大部分家长抽时间来了，让我很惊讶(surprised)。disappointed失望的； confident自信的； anxious焦急的，均不符合语境。故选C项。
23．A.forcing B．begging
C．forbidding D．permitting
答案 D
解析 force强迫； beg请求，乞求；forbid禁止；permit允许。句意为：我的计划包括允许每个学生站在全班面前，自由地表达他或她对母亲的感情。分析句意可知，应该用permit(允许)。故选D项。
24．A.silently B．freely
C．quickly D．merely
答案 B
解析 参考上题解析。silently寂静地，沉默地；freely自由地，随意地；quickly快速地； merely简单地。故选B项。
25．A.considerate B．selfless
C．honest D．mild
答案 A
解析 considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；selfless无私的，忘我的；honest诚实的； mild温柔的，温和的，温暖的。句意为：我的一些学生很体贴，同时用中英文发表他们的演讲。学生担心父母或老师听不懂他们的讲话，所以用两种语言，这很体贴。故选A项。
26．A.took part in B．caught up with
C．gave way to D．got rid of
答案 D
解析 take part in参加；catch up with赶上； give way to让位给……；get rid of摆脱。句意为：我的害羞的学生摆脱了胆怯，优雅地站在父母面前，表达他们对妈妈的爱。分析句意可知学生摆脱了胆怯。故选D项。
27．A.forgiveness B．support
C．regret D．love
答案 D
解析 参考上题解析。forgiveness 宽恕，原谅；support支持； regret后悔，遗憾； love爱。故选D项。
28．A.hold back B．give up
C．note down D．put out
答案 A
解析 hold back控制；give up放弃； note down 记下； put out出版，扑灭。母亲们无法控制自己喜悦的眼泪。故选A 项。
29．A.if B．although
C．when D．because
答案 C
解析 句意为：我为我的学生感到无比自豪。当我请学生给他们的母亲呈上他们手工制作的礼物时，我又一次感到惊讶。故选C项。
30．A.tools B．foods
C．gifts D．clothes
答案 C
解析 tool工具；food食物； gift礼物； clothes衣服。根据第三段中的“for the most original gift”可知，选C项。
31．A.generosity B．creativity[KS5UKS5U]
C．determination D．contribution
答案 B
解析 generosity慷慨，大方；creativity创造性，创造力；determination决心，决定；contribution贡献，捐赠。根据第三段中的“original gift”中的“original”可知要用“创造性”，故选B项。
32．A.class B．party
C．conference D．feast
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，举行的是(party)，因此此处指在晚会的最后，故选B项。
33．A.entertainment B．childhood
C．money D．retirement
答案 D
解析 entertainment娱乐，消遣；childhood童年，儿童时代；money钱；retirement娱乐。根据最后一段中的“I don’t have to .I can share my knowledge of English with my students...Age is not a limit”可知，作者在第一段提出自己不会像其他人一样退休后在家无所事事，而那天晚上的晚会加强了作者对生活和退休(retirement)的态度，即要尽力发挥自己的余热。故选D项。
34．A.hang out B．stay home
C．go abroad D．hold on
答案 B
解析 句意为：我意识到我不必待在家里。根据下一句“I can share my knowledge of English with my students”可知，不必待在家里(stay home)，与第一段中的“they will spend the rest of their lives at home，bored to death”相呼应。hang out闲逛； go abroad出国；hold on坚持，均不符合题意。故选B项。
35．A.teaching B．wandering
C．touring D．studying
答案 A
解析 句意为：我可以通过在学校的教学与学生们分享我的英语知识，并在他们的生活中产生积极的影响。年龄不是限制。根据上文可知，作者是一位英语老师，在学校应该是教学(teach)。wander徘徊，漫游； tour旅游； study研究，学习，均不符合题意。故选A。
非选择题部分
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The moment Jane，just nine months old，saw another baby fall，tears came into her own eyes and she crawled(爬) off to her mother 36. (comfort) as though it was she who had been hurt.And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend. 37. of the above acts of sympathy and caring were observed by scientists.They have found that babies feel sympathy even before they 38. (full) realize that they exist apart from other people.Even 39. (month) after birth，babies react to a pain in others as if it 40. (be) their own，crying when they see another child’s tears. 41. about one year old，they start to realize the pain is not their own but someone else’s.In a study，for example，a one-year-old baby brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, 42. (ignore) the friend’s mother, 43. was also in the room.This confusion is seen too when one-year-old babies imitate(模仿) the pain of someone else，possibly to 44. (well) understand how they are feeling.For example，if another baby hurts her fingers，a one-year-old baby might put her fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts，too.On seeing his mother crying，one baby wiped his own eyes, 45. there were no tears in his eyes.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个月大的婴儿看到别人痛苦时，他们也会做出反应，以为是自己的痛苦，所以就会模仿。
36．答案 to be comforted
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词comfort与逻辑主语she之间构成被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式作目的状语。故填to be comforted。[KS5UKS5UKS5U]
37．答案 Both
解析 考查代词。根据上文列举的两个例子可知，此处指同情和关怀这两个动作都被科学家们观察到了。表示“两者都……”应用both。
38．答案 fully
解析 考查词性转换。谓语动词realize前应用副词修饰，full的副词形式为fully。
39．答案 months
解析 考查名词复数。month是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式months，指出生后的几个月。
40．答案 were
解析 考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，婴儿甚至在出生后的几个月都会对他人的痛苦做出反应，就好像是他们自己亲身经历一样，当他们看到别人的眼泪时就会哭。此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词应用were。
41．答案 By
解析 考查介词。根据语境可知，到大约一岁时，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们自己的，而是别人的。by意为“到……时(为止)”，符合语境。
42．答案 ignoring
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词ignore与逻辑主语a one-year-old baby之间构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
43．答案 who
解析 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the friend’s mother在从句中作主语，指人，所以用关系代词who引导。
44．答案 better
解析 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，当一岁的婴儿模仿他人的痛苦时，可能会更好地理解他人的感受。此处应用well的比较级表示程度。故填better。
45．答案 though/yet/although/but
解析 考查连词。根据语境可知，一看到妈妈哭，婴儿会擦擦自己的眼睛，尽管(但是/然而)自己的眼里并没有泪水。此处表示转折或让步。故填though/yet/although/but。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
(2018·绍兴柯桥区二模)
为了激发同学们对中国传统文化的学习热情，南洋国际学校决定近期举办中国诗词大赛，许多在校英美留学生都想积极参加。假如你是学生会主席李华，请用英语写一则通知，告知具体事项。要点如下：
1．比赛时间和地点；
2．比赛形式；
3．报名方式。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：中国诗词大赛Chinese Poetry Competition
参考范文
Notice
Aimed at arousing students’ enthusiasm for Chinese traditional culture，a Chinese Poetry Competition is scheduled in our school hall from 3∶00 pm to 5∶00 pm on May 30th.
The competition mainly consists of two parts.In the first part，competitors are to fill in the missing lines of some classic Chinese poems.The top 20 competitors will have the opportunity to compete in the next round，where they need to explain certain words in poems.If you are interested in it，please sign up at the Students’ Union Office before May 20th.
We are looking forward to your active participation.
The Students’ Union
May 6,2018
第二节 概要写作(满分25分)
(2018·绍兴新昌中学适应性测试)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
According to most people，after a long period of studying or working，we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves.However，that may not be the case.According to a recent report，you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource，which is why you feel the need to have a rest，have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better.They argue that the only way it restores willpower is by rest，food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory，saying weak willpower is all in your head.They have found that people’s belief in willpower determines how long and how well they’ll be able to work on tough mental exercise.“If you think of willpower as something that is not really used up，you can go on and on.” said Professor Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ belief in willpower.After a tiring task，those who believed，or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource，performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.They also found that leading up to the final exam week，students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting the temptation.
Mr Job said，“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting.Belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings can help people who are battling against temptation.Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically-based process as much as we used to think.The belief in it is what influences your behaviors.
参考范文
Based on a recent report，having a rest to refresh yourself is not so essential as some people think.Willpower，assumed to be a limited resource by some scientists，is thought to be only regained by rest，food，as well as entertainment.However，this theory has been challenged.Researchers，including Veronika Job，conducted experiments and made some new discoveries.If you believe that willpower is limitless，you will be more powerful，which is a potential help to resist temptation.
选择题部分
第一部分 听力(略)
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Our first year in New York we rented a small apartment with a Catholic school nearby，taught by the Sisters of Charity，handsome women in long black gowns and hats.I liked them a lot，especially my grandmotherly fourth grade teacher，Sister Zoe.I had a lovely name，she said，and she had me teach the whole class how to pronounce it：Yo-lan-da.As the only immigrant in my class，I was put in a special seat in the first row by the window，apart from the other children so that Sister Zoe could tutor me without disturbing them.Slowly，she pronounced the new words I was to repeat：laundromat，cornflakes，subway，snow.
Soon I picked up enough English to understand horrible wars were in the air.Russian missiles were being collected and brought together，trained supposedly on New York City.On the television，President Kennedy，looking worried，was explaining we might have to go to war against the enemies.At school，we had air-raid drills：a worrying bell would go off and we’d move into the hall，fall to the floor，cover our heads with our coats，and imagine our hair falling out，the bones in our arms going soft.At home，Mami and my sisters and I prayed for world peace.In class I heard new vocabulary：nuclear bomb，radioactive fallout，bomb shelter.Sister Zoe explained how it would happen.She drew on the blackboard a picture of a mushroom and a cloud of dusty fallout that would kill us all.
The months grew cold，November，December.It was dark when I got up in the morning，and frosty when I followed my breath to school.One morning as I sat at my desk daydreaming，out the window，I saw dots in the air like the ones Sister Zoe had drawn—random at first，then lots and lots.I screamed，“Bomb！Bomb！” Sister Zoe moved around，her full black skirt ballooning out as she hurried to my side.A few girls began to cry.
But then Sister Zoe’s shocked look faded.“Why，Yolanda dear，that’s snow！” she laughed.“Snow.” “Snow，” I repeated.I looked out the window cautiously.All my life I had heard about the white snow that fell out of American skies in the winter.From my desk I watched the fine powder dust the sidewalk and parked cars below.“Each flake(雪花) was different，”Sister Zoe had said，“like a person，irreplaceable and beautiful.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作为移民孩子，作者在学校总会得到Zoe老师的特别关照，在一次下雪的时候，作者将雪误认为是炸弹，但Zoe老师告诉她说那是雪花，人如同这雪花一样，都是不可取代且美丽的。
1．According to Paragraph 1，which of the following words can best describe Sister Zoe?
A．Devoted. B．Faithful.
C．Ambitious. D．Considerate.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第二句可推断出，Zoe是一位考虑周到的老师。considerate意为“体贴的，考虑周到的”，符合题意。故选D。
2．Why did the writer scream suddenly on that December morning?
A．Because she heard bombs exploding.
B．Because she mistakenly caused a panic.
C．Because she thought bombs were coming.
D．Because she got excited about the snowfall.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可推断出，作者在那个12月的一个早上突然尖叫的原因是她认为炸弹就要落下来了。故选C。
3．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?
A．Snow
B．Bomb
C．New York Life
D．Sister Zoe’s Experience
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据最后一段最后一句及全文内容可知，Zoe告诉作者，人同雪花一样，美丽而又无可取代；此处用雪来比喻人，符合题意。故选A。
B
(2018·吉林长春质检)
Sleep repairs the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system.However，many adults do not get eight hours of sleep each night.The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep.Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the seriousness of sleep deprivation in the working population.A significant number of people work at night，work long hours，or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.
Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.In one study，thirteen healthy adult subjects(实验对象) who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a lab during a period of 35 hours.During the experiment，the subjects were asked to perform several tasks，such as mathematics and word problems，while undergoing scans of their brain activity.The researchers found that the temporal lobe(颞叶) of the brain，the region involved in language processing，was active during speech tasks in rested subjects but not in subjects who lacked enough sleep.After several hours without sleep，there was no activity within this region.
Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short-term memory and reaction time—thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers，researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk.They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.5 percent.That’s the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries.The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep-deprived driving.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了缺少睡眠给人带来的影响。研究表明缺少睡眠会对大脑的活动产生不利影响，它和醉酒有同样的危险。
4．The underlined word “deprivation” in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to “ ”．
A．weakness B．loss
C．discomfort D．pain
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段可知，睡眠有助于增强免疫系统，以及现在多数成年人缺乏睡眠，可推知，画线处指直到最近几年，健康专家才意识到睡眠缺乏的严重性。由此可推知画线词的意思是“缺少，损失”，故选B。
5．The passage mentions all of the following as causes of sleep deprivation EXCEPT .
A．jet lag
B．long work hours
C．boring work
D．working at night
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“A significant number of people work at night，work long hours，or suffer from sleeplessness or jet lag.”可知，句中提到A、B、D，没有提到C。故选C。
6．The purpose of the study described in Paragraph 2 was to determine .
A．how many hours people can survive without sleep
B．how people react when their sleep is interrupted
C．the changes in brain activity that occurs during sleep
D．the effects of sleep deprivation on brain activity
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Studies show that the brain is negatively affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally.”可知，研究的目的是确定缺少睡眠对大脑活动的影响。故选D。
7．Why does the author mention blood alcohol level in Paragraph 3?
A．To show how sleep deprivation reduces the blood alcohol level.
B．To show that sleep deprivation has the same dangerous effects as being drunk.
C．To suggest that sleep-deprived drivers are also likely to drink.
D．To argue against raising the legal limit for drunk driving.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段前两句“Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep can damage short-term memory and reaction time—thus causing a serious risk of accident.In one study of drivers，researchers reported that sleep deprivation had the same effects as being drunk.”可知，作者提到血液酒精浓度是为了表明缺少睡眠和醉酒有同样的危险。故选B。
C
The Leaning Tower of Pisa was not leaning when it was built in 1173 and it was straight like a pole.It started to shift direction soon after construction because of poor foundation in addition to the loose layer of subsoil(底土)．At the beginning，it leaned to the southeast before the shaky foundation started to shift leaning towards the southwest.After the period of structural strengthening in the beginning of 21st century，now the Leaning Tower of Pisa leans at an angle of 3.97 degrees.
In 1178，the shift in direction was observed for the first time when the construction had progressed further to the third floor.The tower was very heavy for the three-meter foundation that was built on a weak area of land.
For compensating(补偿) the leaning position，the builders started to construct the upper floors with one side higher than the other one.This caused the tower to lean in the other direction.This unusual structure led to the tower being actually curved.In spite of these efforts，the tower kept on leaning.
The government of Italy started to plan a prevention of the complete collapse of the tower in 1964.However，a request was put forward by the authorities to keep the leaning position because of the tourism industry of the region.
After nearly two decades of careful planning by engineers，historians and mathematicians，the stabilization efforts for the Leaning Tower of Pisa started in 1990.The tower was closed for the general public and the people living nearby moved away.For reducing the total weight of the tower，its seven bells which represented the seven musical notes were removed.The tower was reopened for the general public on December 15,2001.
In May 2008，after removing another 70 metric tons of earth，the engineers announced that the tower had been finally stabilized and it would remain stable for at least 200 years.
8．Why did the Leaning Tower of Pisa begin to lean?
A．It was too high like a pole.
B．Its foundation was far from strong.
C．The work of repair was delayed.
D．Its foundation shook badly.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“because of poor foundation in addition to the loose layer of subsoil(底土)”可知，塔开始倾斜的原因是地基的土壤不牢固。故选B。
9．When did people notice the Leaning Tower of Pisa shift its direction?
A．As soon as it was constructed.
B．At the end of the construction.
C．Soon after the construction.
D．In the course of the construction.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“the shift in direction was observed for the first time when the construction had progressed further to the third floor”可知，人们是在建设的过程中发现比萨斜塔倾斜的。故选D。
10．Which of the following is the RIGHT order according to this passage?
a．People noticed the tower began to shift its direction.
b．The repair work was carried out last time.
c．The Leaning Tower of Pisa was repaired for the first time.
d．The Leaning Tower of Pisa was built.
e．The tower was opened to the visitors again.
f．The government started to make a plan for the tower.
A．c，d，a，f，b，e B．f，e，a，d，c，b
C．d，e，b，f，c，a D．d，a，f，c，e，b
答案 D
解析 细节排序题。根据题目中所列举的事实发生的时间可知，D项的顺序和文章的内容保持一致，故选D。
第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Practice Writing
Almost every student wants to succeed in their writing，don’t they？Actually，it isn’t that hard. 11
•Write every day.You may prefer to write a new short scene every day，or work on a long-term writing project.You might have a daily minimum of one paragraph，or an entire page.But if you take any advice from this page，stick to one important habit： 12 If you can’t find room in your schedule，try getting up early or going to bed late，even if you can only spare fifteen minutes.
•Write your way through writer’s block. 13 Getting anything on the page at all can help you get started.Write about how you’re stuck and can’t think of anything to write，or describe an object in the room in painfully exhaustive detail.A few minutes of this will often put you in “writing mode” and lead you to another idea.
•Look online，in bookstores，or in libraries for collections of writing prompts(提示)．These are designed to give you a starting point to work from，and are often ridiculous to spark your imagination and get you started.
• 14 If you’ve been writing for a while，chances are good that you keep getting drawn back to a particular style，topic，or format.Practicing a favorite type of writing is a great way to keep yourself motivated，but make an effort to vary your writing exercises once in a while.Try these challenges as exercises，whether or not you’re interested in polishing the end result.[KS5UKS5UKS5U]
If your writing projects or your narrators all sound similar，try a different style. 15
If most of your writing is for a blog，or for one long project，take a break from it.
A．Challenge yourself.
B．Write every single day.
C．Trade feedback with a group of supportive writers.
D．Here are some important points that you may find helpful.
E．Imitate another author，or combine the styles of two authors.
F．Handing new and difficult challenges is vital for improvement in any field.
G．Don’t be so afraid to write something “bad” that you end up staring at a blank document.
11．答案 D
解析 根据空格前两句和下文描述可知，空格处承上启下，D项“这里有些关键点，或许会对你有帮助”符合语境。故选D。
12．答案 B
解析 根据本段首句“Write every day.”以及本段最后一句中的“even if you can only spare fifteen minutes”可知，本段提出的建议是每天都写，哪怕只写十五分钟。B项与本段内容相呼应，符合语境。故选B。
13．答案 G
解析 根据下一句“Getting anything on the page at all can help you get started.”以及本段首句中的“writer’s block”可知，G项“不要如此害怕写一些‘不好’的东西，以致最终只能盯着空白的文档”，符合语境。故选G。
14．答案 A
解析 空格处是一个主旨句。根据本段最后一句中的“Try these challenges as exercises”可知，“these challenges”是指上文提到的挑战。所以本段主要讲的应是“挑战自己”。A项符合语境。故选A。
15．答案 E[KS5UKS5U]
解析 根据上一句中的“try a different style”可知，E项“模仿另一个作者或者将两个作者的风格结合在一起”符合语境。故选E。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2018·安徽马鞍山质监)
For most people，retirement is the time during which they will spend the rest of their lives at home，bored to death.But being an active individual，I 16 to sit at home and live a dull life.
That is why I came to China soon after I retired in 2010 and taught 17 at a high school in Xingtai，Hebei Province.As Mother’s Day approached that year，I decided to hold a party for the students and their 18 .
With the help of the Chinese teachers，I 19 to hold a competition for the most 20 and original gift that a student can create for his or her mom.To be honest，I was 21 of persuading my students to inform their parents about the party.However，I was pleasantly 22 that most of the parents took time off their busy schedule to come.
My plan included 23 each student to stand up in front of the class and 24 express his or her feeling toward his or her mother.Some of my students were 25 enough to make their speeches in both English and Chinese.My shy students 26 their timidity(胆怯) to stand elegantly and expressed their 27 for their mothers! The mothers could not 28 their tears from being overjoyed by the tender(温柔的) words of their children.I felt extremely proud of my students.I was again surprised 29 I asked the students to present their handmade 30 to their mothers.I was deeply moved by their 31 .At the end of the 32 most parents expressed their gratitude(感激) to all of us.
That night strengthened my attitude toward life and 33 .I realized that I don’t have to 34 .I can share my knowledge of English with my students through 35 at schools and make a positive difference in their lives.Age is not a limit.
语篇解读 人生百味篇。对大多数人来说，退休就是百无聊赖地在家里度过他们的余生。但是作为一个积极的人，作者讨厌过这种无聊的退休生活。作者在退休后到一所高中继续教学，用自己的英语知识继续为社会作贡献。从而也证明了对社会作贡献没有年龄限制。
16．A.decide B．want
C．hate D．fail
答案 C
解析 根据上文说，大多数人退休后在家百无聊赖，下文用一个“But”可知我与他们不一样，故选“不喜欢(hate)”，故C项正确。
17．A.history B．English
C．art D．Chinese
答案 B
解析 根据最后一段中的“I can share my knowledge of English with my students”可知，我在学校教的是英语(English)，故选B项。
18．A.parents B．teachers
C．friends D．schoolmates
答案 A
解析 根据上句“As Mother’s Day approached that year，...”可知，随着母亲节的临近，我决定为学生和他们的父母(parents)举办一个晚会。故选A项。
19．A.continued B．refused
C．planned D．hesitated
答案 C
解析 句意为：在中国老师的帮助下，我计划举办一场比赛。根据句意可知，我决定要办一个晚会，自然就要计划(plan)一些事，故选C项。
20．A.thoughtful B．expensive
C．common D．shabby
答案 A
解析 根据文章可知，在母亲节到来之际，为表达对父母的爱而动手做的礼物应该是体贴的(thoughtful)，而不是expensive(昂贵的)，shabby(低劣的)；根据后面的original(独创的)可知不会是common(常见的，共同的)。故选A项。
21．A.proud B．fond
C．guilty D．skeptical
答案 D
解析 proud自豪的；fond喜欢的；guilty内疚的； skeptical怀疑的。根据后文中的“However，I was pleasantly that most of the parents took time off their busy schedule to come.”再由“However”可推断出我对学生们能否说服家长来参加晚会持怀疑态度。故选D项。
22．A.disappointed B．confident
C．surprised D．anxious
答案 C
解析 根据后一句“most of the parents took time off their busy schedule to come” 可知，大部分家长抽时间来了，让我很惊讶(surprised)。disappointed失望的； confident自信的； anxious焦急的，均不符合语境。故选C项。
23．A.forcing B．begging
C．forbidding D．permitting
答案 D
解析 force强迫； beg请求，乞求；forbid禁止；permit允许。句意为：我的计划包括允许每个学生站在全班面前，自由地表达他或她对母亲的感情。分析句意可知，应该用permit(允许)。故选D项。
24．A.silently B．freely
C．quickly D．merely
答案 B
解析 参考上题解析。silently寂静地，沉默地；freely自由地，随意地；quickly快速地； merely简单地。故选B项。
25．A.considerate B．selfless
C．honest D．mild
答案 A
解析 considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；selfless无私的，忘我的；honest诚实的； mild温柔的，温和的，温暖的。句意为：我的一些学生很体贴，同时用中英文发表他们的演讲。学生担心父母或老师听不懂他们的讲话，所以用两种语言，这很体贴。故选A项。
26．A.took part in B．caught up with
C．gave way to D．got rid of
答案 D
解析 take part in参加；catch up with赶上； give way to让位给……；get rid of摆脱。句意为：我的害羞的学生摆脱了胆怯，优雅地站在父母面前，表达他们对妈妈的爱。分析句意可知学生摆脱了胆怯。故选D项。
27．A.forgiveness B．support
C．regret D．love
答案 D
解析 参考上题解析。forgiveness 宽恕，原谅；support支持； regret后悔，遗憾； love爱。故选D项。
28．A.hold back B．give up
C．note down D．put out
答案 A
解析 hold back控制；give up放弃； note down 记下； put out出版，扑灭。母亲们无法控制自己喜悦的眼泪。故选A 项。
29．A.if B．although
C．when D．because
答案 C
解析 句意为：我为我的学生感到无比自豪。当我请学生给他们的母亲呈上他们手工制作的礼物时，我又一次感到惊讶。故选C项。
30．A.tools B．foods
C．gifts D．clothes
答案 C
解析 tool工具；food食物； gift礼物； clothes衣服。根据第三段中的“for the most original gift”可知，选C项。
31．A.generosity B．creativity[KS5UKS5U]
C．determination D．contribution
答案 B
解析 generosity慷慨，大方；creativity创造性，创造力；determination决心，决定；contribution贡献，捐赠。根据第三段中的“original gift”中的“original”可知要用“创造性”，故选B项。
32．A.class B．party
C．conference D．feast
答案 B
解析 根据上文可知，举行的是(party)，因此此处指在晚会的最后，故选B项。
33．A.entertainment B．childhood
C．money D．retirement
答案 D
解析 entertainment娱乐，消遣；childhood童年，儿童时代；money钱；retirement娱乐。根据最后一段中的“I don’t have to .I can share my knowledge of English with my students...Age is not a limit”可知，作者在第一段提出自己不会像其他人一样退休后在家无所事事，而那天晚上的晚会加强了作者对生活和退休(retirement)的态度，即要尽力发挥自己的余热。故选D项。
34．A.hang out B．stay home
C．go abroad D．hold on
答案 B
解析 句意为：我意识到我不必待在家里。根据下一句“I can share my knowledge of English with my students”可知，不必待在家里(stay home)，与第一段中的“they will spend the rest of their lives at home，bored to death”相呼应。hang out闲逛； go abroad出国；hold on坚持，均不符合题意。故选B项。
35．A.teaching B．wandering
C．touring D．studying
答案 A
解析 句意为：我可以通过在学校的教学与学生们分享我的英语知识，并在他们的生活中产生积极的影响。年龄不是限制。根据上文可知，作者是一位英语老师，在学校应该是教学(teach)。wander徘徊，漫游； tour旅游； study研究，学习，均不符合题意。故选A。
非选择题部分
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分45分)
第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
The moment Jane，just nine months old，saw another baby fall，tears came into her own eyes and she crawled(爬) off to her mother 36. (comfort) as though it was she who had been hurt.And 15-month-old Michael went to get his own teddy bear for his crying friend. 37. of the above acts of sympathy and caring were observed by scientists.They have found that babies feel sympathy even before they 38. (full) realize that they exist apart from other people.Even 39. (month) after birth，babies react to a pain in others as if it 40. (be) their own，crying when they see another child’s tears. 41. about one year old，they start to realize the pain is not their own but someone else’s.In a study，for example，a one-year-old baby brought his own mother over to comfort a crying friend, 42. (ignore) the friend’s mother, 43. was also in the room.This confusion is seen too when one-year-old babies imitate(模仿) the pain of someone else，possibly to 44. (well) understand how they are feeling.For example，if another baby hurts her fingers，a one-year-old baby might put her fingers in her mouth to see if she hurts，too.On seeing his mother crying，one baby wiped his own eyes, 45. there were no tears in his eyes.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了几个月大的婴儿看到别人痛苦时，他们也会做出反应，以为是自己的痛苦，所以就会模仿。
36．答案 to be comforted
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词comfort与逻辑主语she之间构成被动关系，所以用动词不定式的被动形式作目的状语。故填to be comforted。[KS5UKS5UKS5U]
37．答案 Both
解析 考查代词。根据上文列举的两个例子可知，此处指同情和关怀这两个动作都被科学家们观察到了。表示“两者都……”应用both。
38．答案 fully
解析 考查词性转换。谓语动词realize前应用副词修饰，full的副词形式为fully。
39．答案 months
解析 考查名词复数。month是可数名词，此处应用其复数形式months，指出生后的几个月。
40．答案 were
解析 考查虚拟语气。根据语境可知，婴儿甚至在出生后的几个月都会对他人的痛苦做出反应，就好像是他们自己亲身经历一样，当他们看到别人的眼泪时就会哭。此处表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，谓语动词应用were。
41．答案 By
解析 考查介词。根据语境可知，到大约一岁时，他们开始意识到痛苦不是他们自己的，而是别人的。by意为“到……时(为止)”，符合语境。
42．答案 ignoring
解析 考查非谓语动词。动词ignore与逻辑主语a one-year-old baby之间构成主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式作伴随状语。
43．答案 who
解析 考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the friend’s mother在从句中作主语，指人，所以用关系代词who引导。
44．答案 better
解析 考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，当一岁的婴儿模仿他人的痛苦时，可能会更好地理解他人的感受。此处应用well的比较级表示程度。故填better。
45．答案 though/yet/although/but
解析 考查连词。根据语境可知，一看到妈妈哭，婴儿会擦擦自己的眼睛，尽管(但是/然而)自己的眼里并没有泪水。此处表示转折或让步。故填though/yet/although/but。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
(2018·绍兴柯桥区二模)
为了激发同学们对中国传统文化的学习热情，南洋国际学校决定近期举办中国诗词大赛，许多在校英美留学生都想积极参加。假如你是学生会主席李华，请用英语写一则通知，告知具体事项。要点如下：
1．比赛时间和地点；
2．比赛形式；
3．报名方式。
注意：
1．词数80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：中国诗词大赛Chinese Poetry Competition
参考范文
Notice
Aimed at arousing students’ enthusiasm for Chinese traditional culture，a Chinese Poetry Competition is scheduled in our school hall from 3∶00 pm to 5∶00 pm on May 30th.
The competition mainly consists of two parts.In the first part，competitors are to fill in the missing lines of some classic Chinese poems.The top 20 competitors will have the opportunity to compete in the next round，where they need to explain certain words in poems.If you are interested in it，please sign up at the Students’ Union Office before May 20th.
We are looking forward to your active participation.
The Students’ Union
May 6,2018
第二节 概要写作(满分25分)
(2018·绍兴新昌中学适应性测试)
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。
According to most people，after a long period of studying or working，we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves.However，that may not be the case.According to a recent report，you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource，which is why you feel the need to have a rest，have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better.They argue that the only way it restores willpower is by rest，food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory，saying weak willpower is all in your head.They have found that people’s belief in willpower determines how long and how well they’ll be able to work on tough mental exercise.“If you think of willpower as something that is not really used up，you can go on and on.” said Professor Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ belief in willpower.After a tiring task，those who believed，or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource，performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over.They also found that leading up to the final exam week，students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting the temptation.
Mr Job said，“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting.Belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings can help people who are battling against temptation.Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically-based process as much as we used to think.The belief in it is what influences your behaviors.
参考范文
Based on a recent report，having a rest to refresh yourself is not so essential as some people think.Willpower，assumed to be a limited resource by some scientists，is thought to be only regained by rest，food，as well as entertainment.However，this theory has been challenged.Researchers，including Veronika Job，conducted experiments and made some new discoveries.If you believe that willpower is limitless，you will be more powerful，which is a potential help to resist temptation.
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