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高中虚拟语气讲解及练习
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虚拟语气总结 第三版
Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气
Content 目录
【讲解部分】
一、由If引导的非真实条件句......................................................................................1
1.基本形式.................................................................................................................................1
2.省略if倒装句........................................................................................................................1
3.错综时间条件句（混合虚拟语气）....................................................................................1
4.含蓄条件句............................................................................................................................2
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Even if/though让步状语从句...............................2
三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only.....................3
1.基本形式.................................................................................................................................3
2.as if/though从句中虚拟语气具体用法.................................................................................3
3.wish 引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气具体用法.......................................................................3
4.if only 引导的从句虚拟语气的具体用法............................................................................4
五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：would rather(‘d rather）+ 宾语从句.....................4
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：定从、表从、同位从、主从、宾从..........................4
1.定语从句中的虚拟语气....................................................................................................... .4
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气.........................................................................................................4
3.表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气.................................................................................5
4.主语从句中的虚拟语气.........................................................................................................5
七、简单句中的虚拟语气...........................................................................................5
附表..............................................................................................................................6
【Exercise for Grammar】
Exercise for Grammar....................................................................................................7
Answer Key..................................................................................................................11
虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood
一、由If引导的非真实条件句(unreal conditionals lead by “If”)
1.基本形式：
时间
If非真实条件句的谓语
主句的谓语
过去
If ...had done
would/could/might/
should+ have done
现在
If ...did(were)
would/could/might/
should+ do
将来
If ... did(were)
were to do
should do
would/could/might/
should+ do
2.省略if倒装句
ü If 引导的非真实条件句中含有谓语动词were ,had ,should时，可将if省略，而将上述谓语动词提前放置于句首，变为倒装句式。
E.g. If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting will be put off.
→ rain tomorrow,the sports meeting will be put off.*
如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。
E.g. If you had studied hard,you would passed the examinations.
→ ,you would passed the examinations.*
要是你认真学习的话，你就能通过考试了。
Correct: Did he come here now,he would meet you.
→ .*
注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，不能用动词的否定形式。
Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren’t it for the expense...(×)
要不是因为昂贵的价格，我现在就出国了。
3.错综时间条件句（混合虚拟语气）
ü 错综时间条件句即条件从句与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合三种基本形式对时态作相应的调整。
E.g. If you had taken my advice earlier,you would not be in trouble now.
若果你早点听取我的建议，你现在就不会陷入麻烦了。（从句表示过去，主句表示现在）
If I that flight（catch）, I over the Pacific Ocean now（fly）*
如果我赶上了那趟航班，我现在正飞越太平洋呢。（从句表示过去，主句表示现在）
4.含蓄条件句(为了表达的需要，句中不出现If引导的从句)
（1） 介词或介词短语引导：
were it not for
had it not been for
if it were not for
hadn’t been for
but for(要不是)，without，with，under
but for = 句型 =句型
E.g.Without your help ,we couldn’t have finish the work ahead of time.
= But for your help...= If it had not been your help.
要不是你的帮助，我们就无法提前完成工作。
E.g.We under more satisfying conditions at that time.(can)*
要是在那时有跟另人满意的条件的话我们就能做的更好了。
（2）连词和副词：
but或but that（若不是，要不是）
or或otherwise（否则）
上述连词和副词表示虚拟条件句和真实条件句交织在一个句子中的情况。
主句(虚拟)+ but/but that + 从句（陈述）
主句（陈述）+ or/otherwise +从句（虚拟）
E.g. There might have been a terrible accident,but he stopped the car before it was too late.
=There might have been a terrible accident,if he hadn’t stopped the car before it was too late.
要不是他及时停车，可能就会发生一场可怕的事故。
E.g.He telephoned to inform me of the meeting,or/otherwise I would have known nothing.
=If he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of the meeting,I would have known nothing.
要不是他打电话提醒我这个会议，我就会对此事一无所知。
（3）结合语境推断
E.g.A few hours earlier,and you could have met that famous movie star.
=If you had come a few hours earlier...
如果你提前几分钟来的话，你就能遇到那个著名的电影明星了。
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Even if/though让步状语从句
1.Even if/though让步状语从句中虚拟语气基本形式与If虚拟语气的基本结构相同。
E.g.Even if he had been ill,he would have gone to his office as usual.
即使他生了病，他也会像往常一样来办公室。
2.Even if/though引导的让步状语从句，若表示的事情非常可能发生，则从句的谓语动词可不用虚拟语气。 (E.g.He will go to the airport to welcome you,even if it rains.)
三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only
1.基本形式（as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only均适用）
时间
虚拟语气结构
从句动作发生在主句之前
had done
（注：wish结构详见下面）
与主句动作
同时发生
did(were)
从句动作发生在主句之后
would/could/might+ do
2. as if/though（好像，似乎，仿佛）从句中虚拟语气具体用法
ü 引导表语从句，常与as,look, seem,feel,taste,smell,sound等系动词连用。【as if 用法补充】
ü 引导方式状语从句，表示“事情是怎么做的”或“一个人或事物是什么样的”。
ü 用于省略句中，如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可以省略主语和系动词， E.g. Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.
(1) as if/though引导表语从句和方式状语从句，从句用虚拟语气，而主句不用。
E.g.She talked about the film as if before.*
她说的好像她曾经看过这部电影似的。
E.g.The child talked to us as if .*
这个孩子说话的方式就好像他是个成人。
(2)as if/though引导表语从句和方式状语从句,如果从句中的动作很有可能发生，也可直接用陈述语气。
E.g.It sounds as if .*
外面听起来就好像下雨了。
3.wish 引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气具体用法
(1)wish 引导的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿...” “...就好了”。 其虚拟语气结构与as if/though结构基本相同。要特别关注从句动作发生在主句之前虚拟语气的结构。
从句动作发生在主句之前
（1）had done（更常用）
（2）would/could/might/+ have done
E.g. I wish I were ten years younger.我希望我能年轻十岁。
E.g. He wishes we had been with him last summer vacation.
=He wishes we .*
他希望去年暑假的时候我们和他在一起。
4.if only 引导的从句虚拟语气的具体用法
(1)compare :if only 与 only if 的辨析
If only 意为 “要是...就好了”表示一个不可能实现的愿望或假设要用虚拟语气。
Only if+条件状语从句 意为“只有”意思相当于unless但用于肯定句中引导条件状语从句，它用于陈述事实或必要的条件，比if所表达的语气更强烈。
E.g. If only I had arrived here on time. 要是我能准时到这儿就好了。
E.g.You will learn well only if you have interests in learning.
=You won’t learn well unless you have interests in learning.
Only if （改为倒装）*
只有你对学习感兴趣，你才能学好。
注意：(当only if 放语句首时，主句要实行不完全倒装)
五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：would rather(‘d rather）+ 宾语从句
(1)基本形式
从句动作发生时间
从句虚拟语气结构
过去
had done
现在/将来
did(were)
E.g.“Shall I open the window? ” “I’d rather you didn’t.
--我能打开窗子吗? --我宁愿你不这么做。
E.g.I’d rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.
我倒宁愿你昨天才加了会议。
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：定从、表从、同位从、主从、宾从
以下归纳的均可用：......+ should do 结构
1.定语从句中的虚拟语气
It is (high/ about)time(that)…句型，that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。
It is (high/ about)time
(that)…
should do(should不能省略)
did(were)
E.g.It is high time that the old plane was scrapped.
=It is high time that .*
这架旧飞机该报废了。
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
ü 在ask,demand,desire,decide,insist,order,command,request,suggest等表示请求，要求，建议，主张，命令意义的动词后面接上宾语从句，从句一般用虚拟语气。(详细见后面附表)
结构：......+ (should) do （should可省略）
译为：坚持要求（用虚拟）
insist
译为：坚持认为（不用虚拟）
译为：建议（用虚拟）
译为：暗示，表明（不用虚拟）
suggest
【注意】
E. g. The teacher suggested that we good use of time of every minute school.
The patient’s pale face suggested that he ill seriously.(make;be)*
E.g.The suspect insisted that he at the scene of the crime where the murder happened.(be not)
The Greenhouse effect becoming increasingly serious,the scientists insisted
humans (削减)the use of fossil fuel.（化石燃料）*
3.表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
ü 一些表请求、建议、命令、要求的名词（详细见后面附表）如advice，idea，order，demand，plan,proposal,request,requirement,suggestion后接表语从句，同位语从句都要用虚拟语气。
结构：......+ (should) do （should可省略）
E.g.Their plan is that they (should)build a new factory in their hometown. (表从)
他们计划在我的家乡建一座新的工厂。
E.g.We followed his advice that .(同位从)
我们听从了他让我们的认真工作的建议。
4.主语从句中的虚拟语气
ü 表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望、遗憾、理应等情感时，从句中常用虚拟语气。
结构：......+ (should) do （should可省略）
should含有“竟然”“应该”之意，主句谓语动词形式不限。
（1） It is amazing /strange/surprising/astonishing... that sb. (should) do
It is necessary /important/proper/natural... (详细见后面附表)
（2）It is a pity/a shame/no wonder...
（3）It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed...
（4）It worries me that....
E.g. It is strange he should not come.
E.g. It is important that we should learn English well.
E.g. It is suggested that more efforts should be made to maintain peace in world.
E.g.It worries me that he should drive all that way on his own.
七、简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。
E.g.Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？
E.g.You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
E.g.I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。
E.g.May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
E.g.May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。
E.g.Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。
E.g.God bless us. 上帝保佑。
附表：
1.引导宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词
建议v.
suggest advise recommend(推荐) move(提议) motion(打手势) propose (建议)
主张v.
insist hold(持有...意见) urge(催促、力劝) maintain(坚持...意见) advocate (提倡)
要求v.
ask request require demand desire prefer(宁愿)
arrange(安排)
命令v.
order command
2.引导表语、同位语从句常用虚拟语气的名词
建议n.
suggestion advice recommendation(推荐) proposal (建议)
motion(手势，动机)
主张n.
aim idea plan
要求n.
request require demand desire preference(偏爱)
命令n.
order command
其他n.
wish decision necessity(必要性) resolution(解决)
3.引导主语从句常用虚拟语气的形容词、过去分词
基本结构：
（1）It is amazing /strange/surprising/astonishing... that sb. (should) do
It is necessary /important/proper/natural...
（2）It is a pity/a shame/no wonder...
（3）It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed/ordered...
（4）It worries me that....
常用形容词：
necessary(必要的) essential(必要的) important(重要的)
dreadful(可怕的，糟糕的) urgent (急迫的) natural(自然地)
preferable(更好的，更可取得) desirable(可取的，令人满意的)
ridiculous (荒谬的，可笑的) advisable(明智的，可取的)
Exercise for Grammar
1.Simple Selection
1. ( )You did not let me drive, if we in turn, you so tired. (a1)
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
2. ( )Professor Stephen Hawking, the renowned astrophysicist, warned that the human race extinct if it look to the outer space within the next 200 years. (a1)
A. Will become; were not to B. would become ;was not to
C. will become; was not to D. would become; were not to
3. ( )He must have had an accident, or he there then. (a1 情态动词)
A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could been
4. ( ) I hope that you_______right. (辨析）
A. would be B. were C. will be D. should be
5. ( )He______busy yesterday, or he________you with your experiment. （a4）
A.Was; had helped B. was; would have helped
C.had been; would have helped D. were; would have helped
6. ( )I was ill that day, otherwise I_______the sports meeting. (a4)
A.Would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would taken part in
7. ( )Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I______as well as her. (c)
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
8. ( )What do you think his proposal that we_______a play at the English meeting? ( e)
A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on
9. ( )I suggested the person to be put into prison. (非谓语 e)
A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
10. ( ) the danger of
traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now. (a2)
A. Have they been informed of B. Were they informed of
C. Should they he informed of D. Had they been informed of
11. ( )What_________if we were to reframe our approach to balancing and experiencing full days?
A. may happen B. might have happened C. might happen D. happened (a1)
12. ( )We shall hardly please everyone; nor is it necessary that we .
A.need B. should C. can D. may (e)
13. ( )I_________that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring,had I read the brochure carefully.
A. realized B. had realized C. would realize D. would have realized (a1)
14. ( ) --Have you seen the film Operation Mekong? ( a2)
--It’s said that the film_ in Thailand should it he found to damage the image of the country.
A. would be banned B. has been banned
C. will be banned D. had been banned
15. ( )The school took the students’ request into consideration that a party_________be held to celebrate the victory.
A. could B. might C. would D. should (e)
16. ( )I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I_____the task on schedule.
A. would accomplish B. might have accomplished
C. must have accomplished D. could accomplish (a4)
17. ( )She would be much healthier now_______with that much pressure from work when young. (a2 3)
A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdened
C. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened
18. ( )It might saved me some trouble_________the schedule. (a2)
A.did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I know
19. ( )I wish ______I at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in
New York then.
A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been (c)
20. ( )Without his wartime experience, Hemingway______his famous novel A Farewell
to arms.
A.Didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written (a4)
21. ( )_______ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been (a2)
22. ( )They were abroad during the months, when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ____to our help. (a4)
A. would have come B. could come
C. have come D. had come
23. ( )I to my cousin's birthday party last night but I was not available.
A. went . B. had gone (a4)
C. would go D would have gone
24. ( )Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam _______at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is (e)
25. ( )It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ it
A. had done B. have done (c)
C. did D. am doing
26. ( )We would rather our daughter______ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed (d)
C. stayed D. stay
27. ( )Jack is a great talker .It’s high time that he ________ something instead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did (e)
28. ( )Part of the highway would still be temporarily closed________the heavy fog continue.
A .might B. could C. would D. should (a2)
29. ( ) another national referendum of Brexit be held, perhaps the UK would be kept in the UN and better promote a social progressive Europe.
A. Would B. Could C. Might D. Should (a2)
30. ( )One of the unanswered questions of September llth is whether there was anything U.S. intelligence _______ to stop the attacks.
A .must do B. could do (考察情态动词)
C. must have done D. could have done
31. ( )“But for the fact that you____ here for 3 years, I______in this key high school now ,facing its endless homework and exam!” the poor girl cried hopelessly to her father.
A. studied；wouldn’t have studied B. studied; wouldn’t be studying
C. had studied ;wouldn’t have studied D. had studied ;wouldn’t be studying (a4)
32. ( )I think that conflict is unlikely to happen, but if it_______ ,the interest of both China and the U.S. would be severely damaged. (a1)_
A. would occur B. had occurred C . were to occur D. occurs
33. ( )France has recently passed a law that says all supermarkets_________ donate all their unsold products to charities. (辨析)
A. may B. should C. will D. shall
34. ( )He was greatly shocked at Donald Trump’s taking office. Never did he expected that the voters _____ be so unreasonable. (辨析)
A. should B. could C. would D. might
35. ( )There more difficulties than they had expected ,they________ the project ahead of the schedule. (a4)
A. were; couldn’t finish B. being; couldn’t have finished
C. have been ; couldn’t finish D. must have been; couldn’t have finished
36. ( )I wouldn’t pursue my writing career now if I _______ myself as weak in writing when I was young. (a3)
A. defined B. should define C. would define D. had defined
37. ( )If you________ commit yourself to ding everything in the order given , you should miss an opportunity to be a unique individual. ( a1)
A. commit B. committed C. have committed D. had committed
38. ( )The images the students took during the field trip can help them recall details that they ____________ otherwise. (a4)
A. forget B. have forgotten C. would forget D. would have forgotten
39. ( )--It is astonishing that two leading officials_______so much illegal money.(e)
--Yeah! Yet it is even sadder that such corruptions cases_______ so common.
A. might grab; became B. should grab; have become
C. could grab; became D. would grab; have become
40. ( )We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we ___________ here in time (a4)
A. would be B. wouldn’t be C. would have been D. wouldn’t have been
41. ( )--It is shocked that most of the people were infected with Ebola in the West Africa.
--If super spreading _________ completely under control, about two-thirds of Ebola cases________ avoided. (a1)
A. were ;could be B. were ;could have been C. had been ; could been D. had been ; could be
42. ( )The result of the research which has been carried out on 6352 old men in this city is suggested that the better social security_________ . (辨析)
A. provided B. would be provided C. need to be D. should be provided
43.（ ） If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie (C)
2.Translate the sentences below into English
1. 如果你带那些外国游客参观这个城市，他们将会更加了解更多有个少数民族文化。（倒装）
2.现在紧迫的事情是要减少空气污染。
3.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。（用倒装）
4.你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名?
5. There were more difficulties than they had expected ,they the project ahead of the schedule.(not finish\finish)
先结合语境选择括号中提示的恰当形式填空，再把句子改为倒装
倒装：
ANSWER KEY
1
【讲解部分】
一、
2.→Were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting will be put off.
Ø →Had you studied hard,you would passed the examinations.
Ø →If he came here now，he would meet you.
3. If I had caught that flight, I would be flying over the Pacific Ocean now.
4.（2）We could done it better under more satisfying conditions at that time.
三、
2.（1）She talked about the film as if she had seen the film before.
Ø The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up．
（2）It sounds as if it’s raining outside.
3.He wishes we would have been with him last summer vacation.
4.Only if you have interests in learning will you learn it well.
六、
1.It is high time that the old plane should be scrapped.
2.The teacher suggested that we (should)make good use of time of every minute school.
Ø The patient’s pale face suggested that he was ill seriously.
Ø The suspect insisted that he wasn’t at the scene of the crime where the murder happened.
Ø The Greenhouse effect becoming increasingly serious,the scientists insisted humans (should) cut back on the use of fossil fuel.（化石燃料）
3.We followed his advice that we (should) do our work more carefully.(同位从)
【Exercise for Grammar】
1.Simple Selection
1~5 DDCCB 6~10 ADBCD 11~15 CBDAD 16~20 BDDDD 21~25 AADBA 26~30 CDDDD
31~35 BCDAB 36~40 DBDBC 41~43 CCC
2.Translate the sentences below into English（This is for your reference only.）
1.Should you show the foreign visitors the city,they would know more about the culture of the minority.
2.It’s urgent that the air pollution(should) be reduced.
3.Had he learned about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
4.Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest?
5.couldn’t have finished
倒装：Were there more difficulties than they had expected ,they couldn’t have finished the project ahead of the schedule.
Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气
Content 目录
【讲解部分】
一、由If引导的非真实条件句......................................................................................1
1.基本形式.................................................................................................................................1
2.省略if倒装句........................................................................................................................1
3.错综时间条件句（混合虚拟语气）....................................................................................1
4.含蓄条件句............................................................................................................................2
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Even if/though让步状语从句...............................2
三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only.....................3
1.基本形式.................................................................................................................................3
2.as if/though从句中虚拟语气具体用法.................................................................................3
3.wish 引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气具体用法.......................................................................3
4.if only 引导的从句虚拟语气的具体用法............................................................................4
五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：would rather(‘d rather）+ 宾语从句.....................4
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：定从、表从、同位从、主从、宾从..........................4
1.定语从句中的虚拟语气....................................................................................................... .4
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气.........................................................................................................4
3.表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气.................................................................................5
4.主语从句中的虚拟语气.........................................................................................................5
七、简单句中的虚拟语气...........................................................................................5
附表..............................................................................................................................6
【Exercise for Grammar】
Exercise for Grammar....................................................................................................7
Answer Key..................................................................................................................11
虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood
一、由If引导的非真实条件句(unreal conditionals lead by “If”)
1.基本形式：
时间
If非真实条件句的谓语
主句的谓语
过去
If ...had done
would/could/might/
should+ have done
现在
If ...did(were)
would/could/might/
should+ do
将来
If ... did(were)
were to do
should do
would/could/might/
should+ do
2.省略if倒装句
ü If 引导的非真实条件句中含有谓语动词were ,had ,should时，可将if省略，而将上述谓语动词提前放置于句首，变为倒装句式。
E.g. If it were to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting will be put off.
→ rain tomorrow,the sports meeting will be put off.*
如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。
E.g. If you had studied hard,you would passed the examinations.
→ ,you would passed the examinations.*
要是你认真学习的话，你就能通过考试了。
Correct: Did he come here now,he would meet you.
→ .*
注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式，不能用动词的否定形式。
Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren’t it for the expense...(×)
要不是因为昂贵的价格，我现在就出国了。
3.错综时间条件句（混合虚拟语气）
ü 错综时间条件句即条件从句与主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合三种基本形式对时态作相应的调整。
E.g. If you had taken my advice earlier,you would not be in trouble now.
若果你早点听取我的建议，你现在就不会陷入麻烦了。（从句表示过去，主句表示现在）
If I that flight（catch）, I over the Pacific Ocean now（fly）*
如果我赶上了那趟航班，我现在正飞越太平洋呢。（从句表示过去，主句表示现在）
4.含蓄条件句(为了表达的需要，句中不出现If引导的从句)
（1） 介词或介词短语引导：
were it not for
had it not been for
if it were not for
hadn’t been for
but for(要不是)，without，with，under
but for = 句型 =句型
E.g.Without your help ,we couldn’t have finish the work ahead of time.
= But for your help...= If it had not been your help.
要不是你的帮助，我们就无法提前完成工作。
E.g.We under more satisfying conditions at that time.(can)*
要是在那时有跟另人满意的条件的话我们就能做的更好了。
（2）连词和副词：
but或but that（若不是，要不是）
or或otherwise（否则）
上述连词和副词表示虚拟条件句和真实条件句交织在一个句子中的情况。
主句(虚拟)+ but/but that + 从句（陈述）
主句（陈述）+ or/otherwise +从句（虚拟）
E.g. There might have been a terrible accident,but he stopped the car before it was too late.
=There might have been a terrible accident,if he hadn’t stopped the car before it was too late.
要不是他及时停车，可能就会发生一场可怕的事故。
E.g.He telephoned to inform me of the meeting,or/otherwise I would have known nothing.
=If he hadn’t telephoned to inform me of the meeting,I would have known nothing.
要不是他打电话提醒我这个会议，我就会对此事一无所知。
（3）结合语境推断
E.g.A few hours earlier,and you could have met that famous movie star.
=If you had come a few hours earlier...
如果你提前几分钟来的话，你就能遇到那个著名的电影明星了。
二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：Even if/though让步状语从句
1.Even if/though让步状语从句中虚拟语气基本形式与If虚拟语气的基本结构相同。
E.g.Even if he had been ill,he would have gone to his office as usual.
即使他生了病，他也会像往常一样来办公室。
2.Even if/though引导的让步状语从句，若表示的事情非常可能发生，则从句的谓语动词可不用虚拟语气。 (E.g.He will go to the airport to welcome you,even if it rains.)
三、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only
1.基本形式（as if/though;wish宾语从句；if only均适用）
时间
虚拟语气结构
从句动作发生在主句之前
had done
（注：wish结构详见下面）
与主句动作
同时发生
did(were)
从句动作发生在主句之后
would/could/might+ do
2. as if/though（好像，似乎，仿佛）从句中虚拟语气具体用法
ü 引导表语从句，常与as,look, seem,feel,taste,smell,sound等系动词连用。【as if 用法补充】
ü 引导方式状语从句，表示“事情是怎么做的”或“一个人或事物是什么样的”。
ü 用于省略句中，如果as if引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可以省略主语和系动词， E.g. Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.
(1) as if/though引导表语从句和方式状语从句，从句用虚拟语气，而主句不用。
E.g.She talked about the film as if before.*
她说的好像她曾经看过这部电影似的。
E.g.The child talked to us as if .*
这个孩子说话的方式就好像他是个成人。
(2)as if/though引导表语从句和方式状语从句,如果从句中的动作很有可能发生，也可直接用陈述语气。
E.g.It sounds as if .*
外面听起来就好像下雨了。
3.wish 引导的宾语从句中虚拟语气具体用法
(1)wish 引导的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，要用虚拟语气，意为“但愿...” “...就好了”。 其虚拟语气结构与as if/though结构基本相同。要特别关注从句动作发生在主句之前虚拟语气的结构。
从句动作发生在主句之前
（1）had done（更常用）
（2）would/could/might/+ have done
E.g. I wish I were ten years younger.我希望我能年轻十岁。
E.g. He wishes we had been with him last summer vacation.
=He wishes we .*
他希望去年暑假的时候我们和他在一起。
4.if only 引导的从句虚拟语气的具体用法
(1)compare :if only 与 only if 的辨析
If only 意为 “要是...就好了”表示一个不可能实现的愿望或假设要用虚拟语气。
Only if+条件状语从句 意为“只有”意思相当于unless但用于肯定句中引导条件状语从句，它用于陈述事实或必要的条件，比if所表达的语气更强烈。
E.g. If only I had arrived here on time. 要是我能准时到这儿就好了。
E.g.You will learn well only if you have interests in learning.
=You won’t learn well unless you have interests in learning.
Only if （改为倒装）*
只有你对学习感兴趣，你才能学好。
注意：(当only if 放语句首时，主句要实行不完全倒装)
五、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：would rather(‘d rather）+ 宾语从句
(1)基本形式
从句动作发生时间
从句虚拟语气结构
过去
had done
现在/将来
did(were)
E.g.“Shall I open the window? ” “I’d rather you didn’t.
--我能打开窗子吗? --我宁愿你不这么做。
E.g.I’d rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.
我倒宁愿你昨天才加了会议。
六、名词性从句中的虚拟语气：定从、表从、同位从、主从、宾从
以下归纳的均可用：......+ should do 结构
1.定语从句中的虚拟语气
It is (high/ about)time(that)…句型，that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。
It is (high/ about)time
(that)…
should do(should不能省略)
did(were)
E.g.It is high time that the old plane was scrapped.
=It is high time that .*
这架旧飞机该报废了。
2.宾语从句中的虚拟语气
ü 在ask,demand,desire,decide,insist,order,command,request,suggest等表示请求，要求，建议，主张，命令意义的动词后面接上宾语从句，从句一般用虚拟语气。(详细见后面附表)
结构：......+ (should) do （should可省略）
译为：坚持要求（用虚拟）
insist
译为：坚持认为（不用虚拟）
译为：建议（用虚拟）
译为：暗示，表明（不用虚拟）
suggest
【注意】
E. g. The teacher suggested that we good use of time of every minute school.
The patient’s pale face suggested that he ill seriously.(make;be)*
E.g.The suspect insisted that he at the scene of the crime where the murder happened.(be not)
The Greenhouse effect becoming increasingly serious,the scientists insisted
humans (削减)the use of fossil fuel.（化石燃料）*
3.表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
ü 一些表请求、建议、命令、要求的名词（详细见后面附表）如advice，idea，order，demand，plan,proposal,request,requirement,suggestion后接表语从句，同位语从句都要用虚拟语气。
结构：......+ (should) do （should可省略）
E.g.Their plan is that they (should)build a new factory in their hometown. (表从)
他们计划在我的家乡建一座新的工厂。
E.g.We followed his advice that .(同位从)
我们听从了他让我们的认真工作的建议。
4.主语从句中的虚拟语气
ü 表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望、遗憾、理应等情感时，从句中常用虚拟语气。
结构：......+ (should) do （should可省略）
should含有“竟然”“应该”之意，主句谓语动词形式不限。
（1） It is amazing /strange/surprising/astonishing... that sb. (should) do
It is necessary /important/proper/natural... (详细见后面附表)
（2）It is a pity/a shame/no wonder...
（3）It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed...
（4）It worries me that....
E.g. It is strange he should not come.
E.g. It is important that we should learn English well.
E.g. It is suggested that more efforts should be made to maintain peace in world.
E.g.It worries me that he should drive all that way on his own.
七、简单句中的虚拟语气
1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。
E.g.Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？
E.g.You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。
E.g.I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。
2. 表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”。
E.g.May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。
E.g.May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。
3. 表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。
E.g.Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。
E.g.God bless us. 上帝保佑。
附表：
1.引导宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词
建议v.
suggest advise recommend(推荐) move(提议) motion(打手势) propose (建议)
主张v.
insist hold(持有...意见) urge(催促、力劝) maintain(坚持...意见) advocate (提倡)
要求v.
ask request require demand desire prefer(宁愿)
arrange(安排)
命令v.
order command
2.引导表语、同位语从句常用虚拟语气的名词
建议n.
suggestion advice recommendation(推荐) proposal (建议)
motion(手势，动机)
主张n.
aim idea plan
要求n.
request require demand desire preference(偏爱)
命令n.
order command
其他n.
wish decision necessity(必要性) resolution(解决)
3.引导主语从句常用虚拟语气的形容词、过去分词
基本结构：
（1）It is amazing /strange/surprising/astonishing... that sb. (should) do
It is necessary /important/proper/natural...
（2）It is a pity/a shame/no wonder...
（3）It is suggested/requested/desired/proposed/ordered...
（4）It worries me that....
常用形容词：
necessary(必要的) essential(必要的) important(重要的)
dreadful(可怕的，糟糕的) urgent (急迫的) natural(自然地)
preferable(更好的，更可取得) desirable(可取的，令人满意的)
ridiculous (荒谬的，可笑的) advisable(明智的，可取的)
Exercise for Grammar
1.Simple Selection
1. ( )You did not let me drive, if we in turn, you so tired. (a1)
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
2. ( )Professor Stephen Hawking, the renowned astrophysicist, warned that the human race extinct if it look to the outer space within the next 200 years. (a1)
A. Will become; were not to B. would become ;was not to
C. will become; was not to D. would become; were not to
3. ( )He must have had an accident, or he there then. (a1 情态动词)
A. would have been B. had been C. should have been D. could been
4. ( ) I hope that you_______right. (辨析）
A. would be B. were C. will be D. should be
5. ( )He______busy yesterday, or he________you with your experiment. （a4）
A.Was; had helped B. was; would have helped
C.had been; would have helped D. were; would have helped
6. ( )I was ill that day, otherwise I_______the sports meeting. (a4)
A.Would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would taken part in
7. ( )Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I______as well as her. (c)
A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced
8. ( )What do you think his proposal that we_______a play at the English meeting? ( e)
A. had put on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on
9. ( )I suggested the person to be put into prison. (非谓语 e)
A. refers B. referring C. referred D. refer
10. ( ) the danger of
traveling on the lonely island, they would not be trapped now. (a2)
A. Have they been informed of B. Were they informed of
C. Should they he informed of D. Had they been informed of
11. ( )What_________if we were to reframe our approach to balancing and experiencing full days?
A. may happen B. might have happened C. might happen D. happened (a1)
12. ( )We shall hardly please everyone; nor is it necessary that we .
A.need B. should C. can D. may (e)
13. ( )I_________that the experience I was heading for was anything but boring,had I read the brochure carefully.
A. realized B. had realized C. would realize D. would have realized (a1)
14. ( ) --Have you seen the film Operation Mekong? ( a2)
--It’s said that the film_ in Thailand should it he found to damage the image of the country.
A. would be banned B. has been banned
C. will be banned D. had been banned
15. ( )The school took the students’ request into consideration that a party_________be held to celebrate the victory.
A. could B. might C. would D. should (e)
16. ( )I’m sorry to say I failed to meet the deadline. With better equipment, I_____the task on schedule.
A. would accomplish B. might have accomplished
C. must have accomplished D. could accomplish (a4)
17. ( )She would be much healthier now_______with that much pressure from work when young. (a2 3)
A. had she not burdened herself B. were she not burdened
C. should she not burden herself D. were she not to be burdened
18. ( )It might saved me some trouble_________the schedule. (a2)
A.did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I know
19. ( )I wish ______I at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in
New York then.
A. will be B. would be C. have been D. had been (c)
20. ( )Without his wartime experience, Hemingway______his famous novel A Farewell
to arms.
A.Didn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written (a4)
21. ( )_______ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there B. Had there been C. If there are D. If there have been (a2)
22. ( )They were abroad during the months, when we were carrying out the investigation, or they ____to our help. (a4)
A. would have come B. could come
C. have come D. had come
23. ( )I to my cousin's birthday party last night but I was not available.
A. went . B. had gone (a4)
C. would go D would have gone
24. ( )Eye doctors recommend that a child's first eye exam _______at the age of six months old.
A. was B. be C. were D. is (e)
25. ( )It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ______ it
A. had done B. have done (c)
C. did D. am doing
26. ( )We would rather our daughter______ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay B. has stayed (d)
C. stayed D. stay
27. ( )Jack is a great talker .It’s high time that he ________ something instead of just talking.
A. will do B. has done C. do D. did (e)
28. ( )Part of the highway would still be temporarily closed________the heavy fog continue.
A .might B. could C. would D. should (a2)
29. ( ) another national referendum of Brexit be held, perhaps the UK would be kept in the UN and better promote a social progressive Europe.
A. Would B. Could C. Might D. Should (a2)
30. ( )One of the unanswered questions of September llth is whether there was anything U.S. intelligence _______ to stop the attacks.
A .must do B. could do (考察情态动词)
C. must have done D. could have done
31. ( )“But for the fact that you____ here for 3 years, I______in this key high school now ,facing its endless homework and exam!” the poor girl cried hopelessly to her father.
A. studied；wouldn’t have studied B. studied; wouldn’t be studying
C. had studied ;wouldn’t have studied D. had studied ;wouldn’t be studying (a4)
32. ( )I think that conflict is unlikely to happen, but if it_______ ,the interest of both China and the U.S. would be severely damaged. (a1)_
A. would occur B. had occurred C . were to occur D. occurs
33. ( )France has recently passed a law that says all supermarkets_________ donate all their unsold products to charities. (辨析)
A. may B. should C. will D. shall
34. ( )He was greatly shocked at Donald Trump’s taking office. Never did he expected that the voters _____ be so unreasonable. (辨析)
A. should B. could C. would D. might
35. ( )There more difficulties than they had expected ,they________ the project ahead of the schedule. (a4)
A. were; couldn’t finish B. being; couldn’t have finished
C. have been ; couldn’t finish D. must have been; couldn’t have finished
36. ( )I wouldn’t pursue my writing career now if I _______ myself as weak in writing when I was young. (a3)
A. defined B. should define C. would define D. had defined
37. ( )If you________ commit yourself to ding everything in the order given , you should miss an opportunity to be a unique individual. ( a1)
A. commit B. committed C. have committed D. had committed
38. ( )The images the students took during the field trip can help them recall details that they ____________ otherwise. (a4)
A. forget B. have forgotten C. would forget D. would have forgotten
39. ( )--It is astonishing that two leading officials_______so much illegal money.(e)
--Yeah! Yet it is even sadder that such corruptions cases_______ so common.
A. might grab; became B. should grab; have become
C. could grab; became D. would grab; have become
40. ( )We were delayed at the airport. Otherwise we ___________ here in time (a4)
A. would be B. wouldn’t be C. would have been D. wouldn’t have been
41. ( )--It is shocked that most of the people were infected with Ebola in the West Africa.
--If super spreading _________ completely under control, about two-thirds of Ebola cases________ avoided. (a1)
A. were ;could be B. were ;could have been C. had been ; could been D. had been ; could be
42. ( )The result of the research which has been carried out on 6352 old men in this city is suggested that the better social security_________ . (辨析)
A. provided B. would be provided C. need to be D. should be provided
43.（ ） If only he ____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie (C)
2.Translate the sentences below into English
1. 如果你带那些外国游客参观这个城市，他们将会更加了解更多有个少数民族文化。（倒装）
2.现在紧迫的事情是要减少空气污染。
3.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了。（用倒装）
4.你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名?
5. There were more difficulties than they had expected ,they the project ahead of the schedule.(not finish\finish)
先结合语境选择括号中提示的恰当形式填空，再把句子改为倒装
倒装：
ANSWER KEY
1
【讲解部分】
一、
2.→Were it to rain tomorrow,the sports meeting will be put off.
Ø →Had you studied hard,you would passed the examinations.
Ø →If he came here now，he would meet you.
3. If I had caught that flight, I would be flying over the Pacific Ocean now.
4.（2）We could done it better under more satisfying conditions at that time.
三、
2.（1）She talked about the film as if she had seen the film before.
Ø The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up．
（2）It sounds as if it’s raining outside.
3.He wishes we would have been with him last summer vacation.
4.Only if you have interests in learning will you learn it well.
六、
1.It is high time that the old plane should be scrapped.
2.The teacher suggested that we (should)make good use of time of every minute school.
Ø The patient’s pale face suggested that he was ill seriously.
Ø The suspect insisted that he wasn’t at the scene of the crime where the murder happened.
Ø The Greenhouse effect becoming increasingly serious,the scientists insisted humans (should) cut back on the use of fossil fuel.（化石燃料）
3.We followed his advice that we (should) do our work more carefully.(同位从)
【Exercise for Grammar】
1.Simple Selection
1~5 DDCCB 6~10 ADBCD 11~15 CBDAD 16~20 BDDDD 21~25 AADBA 26~30 CDDDD
31~35 BCDAB 36~40 DBDBC 41~43 CCC
2.Translate the sentences below into English（This is for your reference only.）
1.Should you show the foreign visitors the city,they would know more about the culture of the minority.
2.It’s urgent that the air pollution(should) be reduced.
3.Had he learned about computers,we would have hired him to work here.
4.Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest?
5.couldn’t have finished
倒装：Were there more difficulties than they had expected ,they couldn’t have finished the project ahead of the schedule.
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