初中英语不定代词讲解（无答案） 教案

不定代词

一、不定代词概说

英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, many, much,other, another, some, any, no, (a) few, (a) little, both, every 等，以及由 some,any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中，多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语，但是代词 none 以及由 some,any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语，不能作定语,而no和 every 则只用作定语。

二、指两者和三者的不定代词

有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every)，注意不要弄混：

Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。

All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。

There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。

He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子，都不富有。

He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子，都不富有。

注：both可加of，也可单独使用,或加名词（both +名词复数或+of，）

neither/either+of+名词复数、代词,either/neither单独用时“也不”

【说明】each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上，而 every 只用于三者或三者以上，因此用于两者时只能用 each，不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road.

三、复合不定代词的用法特点

它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点：

1. 复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面：

There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。

Have you seen anyone [anybody] famous?  你见过名人吗?

2. 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代they,them, their：

Everyone has his own life style,but he must obey the law.

If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来，让他等着。

3. 指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they：

You can choose anything,and I can buy it for you.

4. anyone=anyboby, everyone=everybody,someone=someboby,等只能指人，不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语,若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one,every one, some

one, (分开写)，谓语单数：

Any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)

Every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)

注意：1.no one（人）不能跟of, 但none（人/物）后可加of，也可不加of，

2.none 回答how many/how much,no one回答 who，nothing回答what

四.不定代词与部分否定

不定代词all, both, every 等与 not 连用时构成部分否定,尤其要注意变否定句。

若要表示完全否定，则all改 none, both改neither, every改no one等。比较：

Not all of the students like the novel.=Some students like the novel,but some dislike.

None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。

Both of them are not from Japan.=Only one of them is from Japan,the other is not.

五、all, both, each 等用作同位语

若用作主语同位语，主语可以是名词或代词；若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语，则宾语等成分必须是人称代词，而不能是名词：

We have all read it. 我们都读过他。(all 修饰的主语是代词)

They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。(all 修饰的宾语是代词)

六、so little 与 such (a) little的区别

用so little还是such little取决于little的意思：若表示数量方面的“少”，则用so little；若表示形状体积的“小”，则用such little：

He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。

I’ve never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。

七、some 与 any的用法区别

一般说来，some 用于肯定句中，any 用于否定句，疑问句和条件句中。但是，在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any：

Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗？

Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢？

Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗？

【说明】any 有时也用于肯定句中，此时表示“任何”：

Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。

Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。

八.many 与 much的用法区别

两者都表示“许多”，但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数)，而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数);但是many,much 常用于疑问句和否定句中现在也可用于肯定句,a lot of =lots of用于肯定句中，

Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?

We don’t have much time. 我们没有许多时间。

九．few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别

注意：little有“小的”意思，修饰可数名词eg:a little boy

十．other,the other,others,the others,another的区别

不定代词专项练习

I. 用some、any填空。
1. There isn’t _______ water in the bottle.
2. Do you have _______ English books? No, I don’t have _______.
3. There are _______ people in the room.
4. Could you give me ________ paper, please?
5. If you have_______questions, I can give you_____help.
6. I will come to see you _______ day.
7. Li Ming is more careful than ______ other boy in the class.
8. Would you like _______ pop, please? 9.Why not buy______apples?
II. 用little, a little, few & a few填空。
1. Don’t worry. There is ________ time left.
2. He did very well in the exam. So he made _______ mistakes.
3. Do you have any friends in the USA? Yes, I have ________.
4. He can’t understand my English words, because he knows __________ English.
5. Very ________ of us can speak French.
6. -Could I have some water, please? -Sorry, I have _______ now.
7. He has made quite ________ friends in China.
8. Would you like some rice? Thanks, but just ________.

9.There is a little bird in the tree, but only ______ people saw it.
10.Could I have______words with you, Miss White?
11. We don’t like him, because he does______for other people.
12. He has____friends here and he seldom goes out on weekend.
13. There is only_____water in the pot(锅).
III用all、both、every、each填空。
1. ________ of my parents work in this shoe factory.
2. Li Ming and Li Ping are _________ from China.
3. _______ of us is good at playing football.
4. _______ student should work hard at their lessons.
5. ________ of my boy classmates play football after school.
6. There are a lot of buildings on ________ side of the street.
7. Please give ________ the books to your class teacher. 
8. These apples are those children’s. Please give them _______.
Iv用no one、none、nobody、nothing填空。
1. --Who is in the room? --______. 2.--How much meat is there on the plate? --______.
3. ______ of us can speak French.   4. ________ knows what they fought about.
5. --Can you see anybody in the room? --No, I can see ________.
6. --Do you know how many dictionaries they have already bought? Yes, I do. They have bought _________.
7. What did you see in the box yesterday? I saw ________.
8. –Have you all finished the homework? –No, _______has finished it yet.
V 用something, somebody; anything, anybody; nothing, nobody; everything, everybody填空。
1. There is ________ wrong with his computer.  2. I hope ________ goes well.
3. Do you know ________ about the USA? No, I know _________ about it.
4.Since _____ is here, let’s begin our meeting. 5. I can’t say _______ about him. I am afraid of him.      6. _________ is in the room. So you can’t hear any voice.
7. ________ except Li Ping went to the park. He was ill.
8. I have _________ important to say. Please wait a minute.
VI用one、ones、one’s ,the one,another、the other、others、the others、other填空。
1. Mrs Smith has two children. One is a girl and _______ is a boy.
2. I don’t like this shirt, please show me ________.
3. This desk is Mary’s and that ______ is Kate’s.
4. I bought a lot of bananas. Only a few of them are green, _______ are yellow.

5.Look at the desks.The blue_____are for the girls and the yellow _____for the boys.
6. This shirt doesn’t fit me. Do you have any _______ kinds?
7. The children are all working in the classroom. Some of them are cleaning the windows and _______ are sweeping the floor.   8. We must help each _______ with our English.

9. I only found Jim and Tom there. Where are_____?　
10.One of these three girls comes from China and______two come from Japan.
11.This sweater is a little too big for me. Can I try on(试穿)______?
12.Some like black tea,_____prefer(偏爱) green tea.
13.I don’t like these colors. Show me some_____ , please.
14.Have you any____books on this subject?
15.Saying is one thing and doing is_______.
16.It is always hard to tell the twins one from______.

17.These shirts are too small. I want to have some bigger______.
18.Which boy is your son?　—_____in a red cap.   19._____has to do_____best.
20.I have only one small flower on my desk and she has three big______.

判断

1. Each of the students has a desk in the classroom.(   )
2. Every student has a desk in the classroom.(   )
3. Every one of the students has a desk in the classroom.(   )
4. Each one of the students has a desk in the classroom.(    )
5. The students each have a desk in the classroom.(    )
6. Every of the students has a desk in the classroom.(   )
7. There are many trees on each side of the road.(    )
8. There are many trees on every side of the road.(    )
9. Each of my parents has a car.(   )10.Each one of my parents has a car.(    )

11.Every one of my parents has a car.(   )

变否定句

1. All of them have gone to Mount Tai.__________________________________
2. Both of them have finished the hard work.____________________________
3. Every one of them has rested for many days.___________________________

VIII. 选择填空

1. _______ of us knows English. You must speak Chinese.

  A. Either    B. Neither     C. Each          D. One

2.–I’m hungry. May I have __________? –Certainly, here you are.

   A.something delicious            B. anything delicious

C. delicious something             D. delicious anything

3. The child does as ________work as the adult. A. many  B. much  C. more  D. few

4. Here are two rulers. You can take ________ of them. I take the rest.

   A. all    B. each  C. either D. both

5.There isn’t ________ in the classroom.

   A. everybody    B. somebody         C. anybody        D. nobody

6.Please wait just ______ minutes. I’ll finish the work very soon.

   A. a little      B. little             C. few         D. a few

7.How many did you see yesterday, Li Ping? – ________, so I had to do the work by myself.

   A. Nobody      B. None            C. Nothing       D. No one

8.I don’t think______of them will go there with him.

   A. some       B. any        C. lots              D. much

9. There are a lot of trees on _____ sides of the street.

   A. each      B. either          C. both      D. all

10. --______came to see you this morning.–That’s right. I talked to him for a long time.

   A. Somebody  B. Anybody          C. Everybody     D. Nobody .

11.Have you seen the three apples on the table? You can take ______ of them.

A. the one　　　B. something　C. anything　　　D. any

12.These trousers don’t fit(适合) me. ______ are too long and ______ are too short.

A. Some, others　　 B. Some, the others　　

C. These, those　　　　D. These, the other

13.　Did you enjoy ______ last night, Lucy and Lily?

A. yourselves　　B. yourself　　　　C. you　　　D. your time

14.　_____ is three plus (加)four?　— ______ seven.

A. How many, They are　　　　　　　　　B. What number, It’s

C. How much, They are　　　　　　　 　 D. What, It is

15.We all know he was a famous doctor ,but _____ of us remember when he was born.

A. few　　　B. a few　　　C. little　　　D. a little

16.How many bananas do you have in your basket?　— ______.

A. Neither　　　B. No one　　　C. Nothing　　　 D. None

17.Her parents ______ school teachers.

A. all are　　　B. are all　　　 C. are both　　　　D. both are

18.All the students have gone o n a field trip. There’s ___ in the classroom.

A. somebody B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody

19. You can borrow my CD player, but you mustn’t lend it to ___.

A. others  B. other  C. the other  D. the others

20. I’m free. I have ___ to do.  A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing

21.I have four friends,____of them are workers. A.both B. all C. many D. each

22. They were always together. He saw ___ she saw.

A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing

23. Suddenly, Tome came in and he said he had ___ to tell the class.

A. anything important   B. important everything

C. something important   D. important something

24. He said ___ at the meeting and just sat there silently.

A. something   B. anything  C. nothing  D. everything

25. －You look so happy. －John says I’m pretty.__ has ever told me that before.

A. Somebody B. Anybody C. Everybody D. Nobody

26.How many birds can you see in the tree?____. A. None B. No one C. Nobody D. No

27.－Hi, Bob! I can’t find my history book.Have you seen it ____?－Sorry,I haven’t.

A. somewhere  B.everywhere  C.nowhere D.anywhere

28. －Do you have ___ to tell us? －No, ____.

 A. something important, nothing  B. anything important, nothing

C. important something, everything  D. important anything，everything

29. Wang Fang isn’t here. She has gone ___ for holidays.

A. where   B. anywhere C. everywhere  D. somewhere

30.－Have you seen my basketball? －Yes, I saw it ___ in the classroom just now.

A. where  B. anywhere  C. everywhere  D. somewhere

31. Do you hope to go ___?

A. warm somewhere B. anywhere warm  C. warm anywhere D. somewhere warm

32. We should do ___ to protect the environment because it’s our duty. 

A. everything possible  B. possible everything

C. anything possible D. possible anything

33.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ___.

A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything

34. Did you go ____ last Sunday?

  A. somewhere B. anywhere C. something D. somebody

35.－Who will get the job? －___ of the them will do.

A. Anybody B. Anyone C. Any one D. Someone

37.A smile costs nothing,but gives so_____.A.little B.few C.many D.much

38.All of us find ______necessary to take exercise every day.

A.this  B.that  C.them   D.it

39.—Which of the two subjects do you like,art or music?--______.They are really interesting.  A.Neither  B.Both  C.None   D.All

40.When our  teacher heard of  the  news,he was too angry to say_______.

A.everything  B.nothing  C.something  D.anything