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专题05 阅读理解文体之说明文（讲练）课件- 2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用）
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这是一份专题05 阅读理解文体之说明文（讲练）课件- 2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用），共53页。PPT课件主要包含了考情分析，知识建构，真题研析，考点提炼，题型特训，PART ONE， ，题型特训·命题预测等内容，欢迎下载使用。
中考英语阅读理解说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。从内容特点看，说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。从语言特点看：说明文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文由于句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。从结构特点看：客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：总分式: 总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构。递进式: 事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即wh → what → when → where → hw → why。 1. wh：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. hw：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-wrd。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
【应试技巧】阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。技巧一 快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。技巧二 运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。技巧三 注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。技巧四 注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。技巧五 合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。技巧六 符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。
（2023·浙江丽水·中考真题）Seagrass, an underwater plant that grws n the cean flr, is very imprtant fr sea life. It als helps prevent glbal warming by string carbn, a harmful gas. Hwever, scientists dn’t knw exactly hw much seagrass is at the bttm f the cean. With the help f tiger sharks, a team f researchers has discvered the wrld’s largest seagrass meadw（grassland）n the seaflr near the Bahamas. Seagrass meadws are hme t many different kinds f fish, shellfish, and s n. Large sea animals, such as sharks, als spend a lt f time there lking fr fd. Seagrass can grw in very deep and dark waters, making it difficult t find. But sharks can dive deep int the water and get t the areas peple cannt reach. After nticing tiger sharks swimming thrugh seagrass ff the Bahamas, an American scientist wrked with a seagrass expert, trying t map the lcatins f the plants. The researchers fitted seven tiger sharks with cameras. Since tiger sharks swim in grups, they placed satellite tracking tags（卫星跟踪器）n eight ther sharks t find ut exactly where the animals swam. They cllected hurs f vides f the tiger sharks swimming thrugh seagrass.
The researchers fund mre seagrass grwing near the Bahamas than they expected—in fact, they believe that there is mre seagrass there than anywhere else n Earth. The new finding increased the ttal number f seagrass knwn t exist by 41%. Hwever, mre research is needed t discver the true size f the seagrass meadw. Scientists ften depend n findings frm divers and bats t study abut the underwater wrld, but this team fund that wrking with animals imprved their understanding. They are nw placing cameras n sea turtles t study seagrass in the Red Sea. Hpefully, mre mysteries abut seagrass will be slved.1．What are the scientists studying accrding t the passage?A．Sharks.B．The Bahamas.C．Seagrass.D．The Red Sea.2．Which italic（斜体）wrd has the same meaning as the underlined wrd “map” in Paragraph 3?A．Is there a map f China in the classrm?B．Amy mapped ut her plans n the new prject.C．It is the West lake that really puts Hangzhu n the map.D．The plice have successfully mapped where the missing by is.3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?A．The reasn fr the study.B．The methd t d the research.C．The finding f the research.D．The difficulty in carrying ut the study.4．Why des the writer write the passage?A．T tell the imprtance f saving seagrass.B．T express the strng lve fr tiger sharks.C．T share a new way f ding undersea research.D．T intrduce a special prject n glbal warming.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．C【导语】本文主要介绍了海草的重要性以及科学家如何利用虎鲨进行海底研究，以及他们在巴哈马发现的世界最大的海草草地，这种创新的研究方法有利于增加人类对海底世界的了解。1．细节理解题。根据“With the help f tiger sharks, a team f researchers has discvered the wrld’s largest seagrass meadw（grassland）n the seaflr near the Bahamas.”可知科学家在研究海草。故选C。2．词义猜测题。根据“After nticing tiger sharks swimming thrugh seagrass ff the Bahamas, an American scientist wrked with a seagrass expert, trying t map the lcatins f the plants”可知在注意到虎鲨在巴哈马群岛附近的海草中游动后，一位美国科学家与一位海草专家合作，试图绘制这些植物的位置图，故此处mapped意为“绘制……的位置”；分析四个选择可知，选项D“警方已成功绘制出失踪男孩的位置”中的mapped也以为“绘制……的位置”。故选D。3．段落大意题。根据“The researchers fund...”以及本段内容可知本段主要介绍了研究的发现。故选C。4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了海草的重要性以及科学家如何利用虎鲨进行海底研究，以及他们在巴哈马发现的世界最大的海草草地，这种创新的研究方法有利于增加人类对海底世界的了解，故作者写本文的意图是分享这种新的海底研究方式。故选C。
（2023·浙江杭州·中考真题）We all enjy being part f a grup—there’s n better wrk than teamwrk, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn. It’s a much better fit fr me, and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier. Persnalities (个性) can make teamwrk difficult. There’s ften smene n the team that puts their needs first. The team ften ges alng with this persn, whse ideas might nt be the best, just the ludest. Just ne difficult persnality can make teamwrk hard. Cmbine (结合) several challenging persnality types, and it’s even harder. Nt having enugh time tgether can als make teamwrk challenging. Fr example, I was nce n a team where we never had enugh time t meet as a grup. T successfully wrk as a team, yu need time tgether—and lts f it. A final reasn teamwrk is difficult is because there’s ften n training n hw t wrk n a team. Yu can’t
just put peple in a rm and expect them t wrk well with each ther. Yu need t build trust with yur team members. Think f ftball players: They aren’t just given a ball and tld t play. They practice, and they train. Team can be hard, but wrking alne has its challenges, t. When my cmputer desn’t wrk, I dn’t have an IT persn t turn t. When I have a great idea, I dn’t have anyne t share it with t see if it really is a great idea. Dn’t get me wrng—I still like my team f ne and enjy making all f the imprtant decisins myself. But nw I realize what was wrng with the teamwrk I did in the past and hw gd teamwrk culd be if dne crrectly. And that’s useful infrmatin—because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.
5．Why did the writer chse t wrk frm hme n his wn?A．T keep himself busier.B．T keep himself healthier.C．T make his jb easier.D．T make his team harder.6．Which f the fllwing makes teamwrk difficult?A．Strng persnality.B．Lts f teamwrk time. C．Challenging ideas.D．Clear team rles.7．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A．WE TEAM has hardly any advantages.B．ME TEAM needs a lt f IT engineers.C．ME TEAM has n challenges fr the writer.D．WE TEAM may be the writer’s chice ne day.8．What is the purpse f the text?A．T shw the advantages f teamwrk.B．T tell the imprtance f teamwrk.C．T intrduce the influence f teamwrk.D．T explain the difficulties f teamwrk.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 【导语】本文主要解释了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。5．细节理解题。根据“Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn.”可知，作者选择自己在家工作是因为团队合作太难了，他想让工作更简单。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据“Persnalities (个性) can make teamwrk difficult.”可知，成员的个性会使团队合作变得困难。故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.”可知，“大家的团队”也许有一天会成为作者的选择。故选D。8．主旨大意题。根据主旨句“Teamwrk can be hard… and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.”可知，本文的目的是为了解释团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。故选D。
命题规律：细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 命题方式 ：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what.which，wh，hw much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。题型和考查角度：1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。2.中频考点：数字计算题； 3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。解题原则 ：注意句子的逻辑关系，依附原文，杜绝主观臆断。
解题技巧 ：第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。解题原则：对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换。
【示例】Spatial (空间) learning is an imprtant skill in the animal kingdm. This is because it helps animals find fd when it’s nt easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are knwn t d this.A recent study has fund that the butterfly als has ability f spatial learning. This butterfly cmes frm Suth and Central America. And it’s knwn fr different types f wing patterns.22．Why is spatial learning imprtant t animals?A．It helps animals find fd mre easily.B．It makes it pssible fr animals t keep in tuch.C．It allws animals t find the best place t live.D．It imprves the animals’ ability t frm a family.
【答案】A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。【解析】细节理解题。根据“Spatial (空间) learning is an imprtant skill in the animal kingdm. This is because it helps animals find fd when it’s nt easily available.”可知，因为它可以帮助动物更容易的找到食物。故选A。
【示例】The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, nt even glue. After the shw, students will recycle the wl (羊毛). They can d mre things with it. “The art is envirnmentally friendly, and it makes ur city lives warmer and mre clrful,” said Xia Xin, ne f the knitting artists.34．Why is the art envirnmentally friendly?A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed.B．Because the art made the city lives mre clrful.C．Because the art made peple feel the cming f spring.D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled.
【答案】D【导语】本文主要讲述了南京外国语学校学生设计了梧桐树的毛衣，为南京带来了更多的温暖。【解析】细节理解题。根据“The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, nt even glue. After the shw, students will recycle the wl (羊毛). They can d mre things with it.”可知，因为毛衣没有使用任何化学材料，将被回收利用。故选D。
二、推理判断题推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。题型和考查角度： 1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。错误原因：1. 主观臆断2. 缺乏逻辑3. 过度推理4. 缺乏常识隐含推断类题型锁定关键词：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型
解题指导：(1) 浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项(2) 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(3) 整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。观点态度类题型锁定关键词：根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），utstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favr f（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。解题指导：(1) 认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向(2) 关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点(3) 注意作者或文中人物的措辞(4) 分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；(5) 牢记观点态度的常见词语
写作意图类或文章来源题型锁定关键词：根据题干关键词purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage t（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。解题指导：(1) 根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；(2) 根据文体推断写作意图说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（t intrduce, t explain, t infrm, t make cmparisns...）
【示例】One difference n raising children is at what age and t what extent (程度) they are given freedm utside the hme. The gvernment and the peple f Nrway believe that it is better fr children t learn t be independent frm a very early age. Almst all children are typically sent t daycare at age ne in Nrway. ________ when it cmes t raising independent children. In fact, it wuld nt be uncmmn fr a Japanese child t walk r ride a bike r take a public bus t schl alne r even t shp at a lcal stre withut a parent. On the ther hand, in Kenya, children stay with their mthers the whle day.1．Which f the fllwing can be put int ________ in Paragraph 2?A．Japan has ttally different ideasB．Japan als has their wn ideasC．Japan als has similar ideasD．Japan als has interesting ideas
【答案】C 【导语】本文主要讨论了父母在孩子生活中应该扮演的角色以及不同文化对于孩子教育的方式。【解析】推理判断题。根据“The gvernment and the peple f Nrway believe that it is better fr children t learn t be independent frm a very early age”可知，挪威政府和人民认为，儿童最好从小就学会独立。根据“when it cmes t raising independent children. In fact, it wuld nt be uncmmn fr a Japanese child t walk r ride a bike r take a public bus t schl alne r even t shp at a lcal stre withut a parent.”可知，事实上，日本孩子独自步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共巴士上学，甚至在没有父母的情况下在当地商店购物。所以挪威和日本有相似的理念。故选C。
【示例】Even thugh these planets are very far away frm us, we knw sme things abut the planets. We knw that they cme in all kinds f clrs and sizes. Sme f the planets appear t be red r blue, and they can be much bigger than Jupiter (木星). Sme f these planets als seem t be made f the same kinds f things as can be fund n Earth. A number f the far-ff planets seem t be cmpletely slid and made f rcks, they are htter than Jupiter, t.While far-ff planets are interesting, there is an imprtant reasn why astrnmers are lking at them. Astrnmers want t find a planet like Earth. They think that there may be sme ut there that have air and water like Earth. Such planets, astrnmers believe, may als supprt life n them. That wuld certainly be smething t find! S astrnmers keep searching. Wh knws what they will find ut there?6．Hw des the writer explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?A．By giving examples.B．By listing numbers.C．By using ld sayings.D．By telling stries.7．What’s the writer’s attitude twards “keep searching fr new planets”?A．Supprtive.B．Dubtful.C．Uncaring.D．Unclear.
【答案】 6．A 7．A【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳系外的行星发现情况，包括发现时间、数量、发现方法和特点。文章还提到了这些行星的特点，如颜色、大小、成分和特殊类型。最后，文章指出天文学家对这些行星的研究意义，希望找到类似地球的行星，可能支持生命存在。6．推理判断题。根据“We knw that they cme in all kinds f clrs and sizes. Sme f the planets appear t be red r blue, and they can be much bigger than Jupiter (木星) . Sme f these planets als seem t be made f the same kinds f things as can be fund n Earth.”可知，此处作者通过举例子来解释划线句子。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据“While far-ff planets are interesting, there is an imprtant reasn why astrnmers are lking at them. Astrnmers want t find a planet like Earth. They think that there may be sme ut there that have air and water like Earth. Such planets, astrnmers believe, may als supprt life n them. That wuld certainly be smething t find! S astrnmers keep searching.”可知，天文学家想找到一颗像地球一样的行星，那肯定是一件值得寻找的事情，因此作者对此持支持态度。故选A。
【答案】D【导语】本文主要讲述了南京外国语学校学生设计了梧桐树的毛衣，为南京带来了更多的温暖。34．细节理解题。根据“The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, nt even glue. After the shw, students will recycle the wl (羊毛). They can d mre things with it.”可知，因为毛衣没有使用任何化学材料，将被回收利用。故选D。
【示例】D yu knw 2023 is the Year f the Rabbit? Rabbits are quick, quiet and smart. Many Chinese idims (成语) speak t these features. Fr example, peple ften say dngru tutu t praise peple fr their quick mves. Jiatu sanku means that a clever rabbit always has many hles. This makes it hard fr peple t find it. In Chinese culture, the rabbit stands fr the mn. Peple used t believe a rabbit was living n the mn. The rabbit is called the Mn Rabbit. It’s the pet f Chang’e. als shw up in ther areas f Western culture. In the bk Alice in Wnderland, Alice fllws a rabbit t get away frm her wrld and start her jurney. There is the Easter Rabbit, t. Rabbits are clse t the idea f new life because they have lts f babies. The night befre Easter, kids ften make nests (窝) in their gardens fr the Easter Rabbit.40．In which sectin f a newspaper can yu read the text?A．Culture.B．Sprts.C．Travel.D．Science.
【答案】A【导语】本文主要介绍了兔子在中西方文化中蕴含的意义。【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了兔子在中西方文化中蕴含的意义，所以可以在文化板块看到。故选A。
三、词义猜测题命题规律：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。 平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。题型和考查角度： 1.猜测生词或熟词生义。2.猜测短语的意义。3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。4.猜测句意。命题方式：The phrase“...” in the sentence culd be replaced by“ ”.The wrd “...”in the paragraph refer t“ ”.What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the.. paragraph?Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase“...”?The wrd“...” mst nearly means“ ”.The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .
1. 根据定义推测词义：有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。2. 根据举例推测词义：有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。5. 根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。6. 根据因果关系推测词义：因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, fr , s, thus, cnsequently, therefre, hence, due t, result in, result frm, as a result, fr this reasn, accrdingly, , 等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
【示例】Accrding t a reprt frm Duyin, the number f fitness vides in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while fllwers f fitness trainers went up by 208 percent cmpared with the year befre. Peple ften search nline fr simple exercises that are demnstrated by persnal trainers. These trainers d a great jb in bth teaching and leading peple t exercise mre.41．What des the underlined wrd “demnstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．T build a dream.B．T give sme advice.C．T shw hw smething is dne.D．T ask questins abut smething.
【答案】C【导语】 本文主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身。【解析】词义猜测题。根据that引导的定语从句修饰先行词simple exercises结合后文“These trainers d a great jb in bth teaching and leading peple t exercise mre.”可知，是培训师演示的简单锻炼，因此demnstrated意为“T shw hw smething is dne.”，故选C。
【示例】Rabbits can have a lt f babies in a shrt time. In this way, peple in the past als saw the rabbit as a gd sign. They believed having mre children culd bring them luck and happiness. S the Year f the Rabbit may bring yu sme gd luck, t. 37．What des the underlined wrd “They” in Paragraph 3 refer t?A．Rabbits.B．Children.C．Western peple.D．Peple in the past.
【答案】D【导语】本文主要介绍了兔子在中西方文化中蕴含的意义。【解析】代词指代题。根据“In this way, peple in the past als saw the rabbit as a gd sign. They believed having mre children culd bring them luck and happiness.”可知，这样，过去的人们也把兔子看作是一个好兆头。他们相信有更多的孩子会给他们带来好运和幸福。所以They指的是是过去的人们，故选D。
四、主旨大意题 命题规律：主旨大意题即考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。题型和考查角度：1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
命题方式：What is the text mainly abut?What is the best title fr the text?What can be a suitable title fr the text?What's the mainly abut?What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?不解题技巧：1. 说明文：明文的主题句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼应。段落大意题通过结构或暗示概括段落大意1. 根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式2. 通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
【示例】N matter what, mre and mre turists want t learn abut traditinal cultures. Mst lcal peple want mre turism because turists bring mney and help lcal business. Turists have t respect lcal culture and lcal places. Lcal gvernments have t make laws (法律) t prtect places and lifestyles. If everyne is respnsible, then turism will be great fr traditinal cultures.48．The purpse (目的) f the last paragraph is t ________.A．tell peple the imprtance f prtecting traditinal cultureB．call n (号召) turists t prtect traditinal cultureC．call n peple make laws t prtect traditinal cultureD．tell peple shuld be respnsible
【答案】B【导语】本文主要讲述了旅游业对传统文化的好处和坏处。【解析】段落大意题。根据“Turists have t respect lcal culture and lcal places. Lcal gvernments have t make laws (法律) t prtect places and lifestyles. If everyne is respnsible, then turism will be great fr traditinal cultures”可知，游客必须尊重当地文化和地方。地方政府必须制定法律来保护地方和生活方式。如果每个人都是负责任的，那么旅游业将有利于传统文化。所以最后一段号召游客保护传统文化，故选B。
【示例】D yu ever wnder why yu can g ver a bk again and again and still be lst when tested n what yu read? It may be because yu haven’t practiced remembering.Remembering is a useful way t help us learn. Sme f us remember best by listening; sme by re-reading; and thers by using pictures and diagrams (图表). Schls try many f these different ways t help students “dwnlad” new infrmatin.Our mind, just like ur bdy, has t practice activities t becme gd at them.53．What’s the text mainly abut?A．What is a gd way t test?B．What is a gd way t practice?C．What is a gd way t scre well?D．What is a gd way t remember things?
【答案】D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何才能让你的记忆力更好。【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“D yu ever wnder why yu can g ver a bk again and again and still be lst when tested n what yu read? It may be because yu haven’t practiced remembering.”以及“Our mind, just like ur bdy, has t practice activities t becme gd at them.”可知文章主要讲述了什么是记忆的好方法。故选D。
【示例】D yu ever wnder why yu can g ver a bk again and again and still be lst when tested n what yu read? It may be because yu haven’t practiced remembering.Remembering is a useful way t help us learn. Sme f us remember best by listening; sme by re-reading; and thers by using pictures and diagrams (图表). Schls try many f these different ways t help students “dwnlad” new mind, just like ur bdy, has t practice activities t becme gd at them.53．What’s the text mainly abut?A．What is a gd way t test?B．What is a gd way t practice?C．What is a gd way t scre well?D．What is a gd way t remember things?
【示例】The ppularity f nline fitness increased greatly. Dwnlads f fitness apps quickly went up in number. New styles f exercises have appeared that peple can d frm hme. Even thugh peple exercise separately, they ften d it tgether thrugh the Internet. Online fitness allws peple t exercise at any time and anywhere withut ging t a gym r a fitness center.44．What is the best title fr the passage?A．Let’s D Exercise in Fitness Centers.B．Online Fitness Wins Chinese Hearts.C．Fitness Curses Attract Mre Fllwers.D．TV Exercise Prgrams Are Mre Ppular Than Ever.
【答案】B【导语】 本文主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身。【解析】最佳标题题。根据文章开头“The ppularity f nline fitness increased greatly.Dwnlads f fitness apps quickly went up in number.New styles f exercises have appeared that peple can d frm hme.”可知，文章主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身，因此在线健身赢得中国人的心，故选B。
五、篇章结构题【示例】Spatial (空间) learning is an imprtant skill in the animal kingdm. This is because it helps animals find fd when it’s nt easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are knwn t d this.A recent study has fund that the butterfly als has ability f spatial learning. This butterfly cmes frm Suth and Central America. And it’s knwn fr different types f wing patterns.In the study, the research team carried ut spatial learning experiments n butterflies under three different spatial cnditins. First, they tested the insect’s ability t learn the lcatin f real fd in a 1-square-meter space made up f 16 fake (假的) flwers. This test represented (代表) searching fr fd in a single area. And they tested if the butterflies culd learn t cnnect fd with either the left r right side f a 3-square-meter tw-armed maze (迷宫), representing many plants at a single place.The team then increased the distances again. They used large utdr cages (笼子) t test if the butterflies culd learn the lcatin f fd in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze lks like the letter T. This test represented searching fr fd in the wild. This was clser t the cnditins in which the insect finds fd in the wild.The experiments n butterflies shw signs f spatial learning-they can remember the spatial lcatin f their fd. In the future studies, the team plans t test if they are better at spatial learning than clsely-related species (近亲物种).25．What’s the structure (结构) f the passage? (P=Paragraph)
【答案】A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。【解析】篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段介绍了空间学习在动物中的重要性；第二段介绍了来自美洲的蝴蝶也有这样的技能；第三段至第五段为科学家做的三次实验；最后一段给出结论，动物可以记住食物的空间位置。因此选项A中的结构符合题意。故选A。
【示例】 Where is the wrld’s best high-speed rail system? In China! High-speed railway, which has develped quickly in recent years, has becme a famus name card f China. In the past ten years, China’s high-speed rail netwrk (高速铁路网) has grwn frm under 10, 000 kilmeters t ver 40, 000 kilmeters, making it the wrld’s lngest high-speed rail netwrk, lng enugh t circle the entire equatr (整个赤道). Frm the ld-style green trains t the Fuxing high-speed trains, China’s high-speed railways have develped quickly and brught us clser t ur hmetwn villages. In 2016, the Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway pened t traffic. The distances between nearly 340 traditinal villages and high-speed railway statins have been reduced t less than ne hur, while mst f them were mre than three hurs away frm the statins befre the railway pened. With China’s high-speed trains becming faster and faster, peple can save mre travel time. Fr example, yu can leave frm Beijing in the mrning t take part in a meeting in Shanghai at nn. Then, yu can arrive at Hangzhu in the afternn, enjying the beauty f the West Lake. In the evening, yu can return t Beijing safely.
China’s high-speed railway has already gne t the wrld. In 2014, An-Yi high-speed rail, the first high-speed railway built by Chinese cmpanies verseas (在海外), was finished and pened t traffic. In 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, jintly built by China and Indnesia, can cut travel time between the tw cities frm mre than 3 hurs t 40 minutes. China’s high-speed railways crss rivers and muntains, cnnect hme and abrad, and see the changes ver time. Frm nthing, we are a leader in this industry nw. As a name card f China, China’s high-speed railway has amazed the wrld!30．What is the best structure (结构) fr the text?
【答案】B【导语】本文主要讲述了中国高速铁路的发展。【解析】篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍中国高速铁路近年来发展迅速，已成为中国著名的名片，是点明主题；第二段到第五段分别讲述了中国高速铁路的发展情况；最后一段再次点明主题，强调中国高速铁路的发展迅速。选项B图片符合。故选B。
一、阅读理解Wh is yur favrite pet? Fr many yung peple, the answer is Shel Silverstein. Shel’s first bk Uncle Shelby’s Stry f Lafcadi the Lin Wh Sht Back was published in the 1960s, and since then his children’s bks have sld mre than 30 millin cpies! Yung peple recgnize that Shel really understd his readers.Shel Silverstein was brn in Chicag, Illinis, in 1930. He began writing pems when he was yung. Althugh he was best knwn fr writing children’s stries, Shel was creative in many ways. He began his career in the arts as a cartnist in his twenties. He als was a talented singer, sngwriter, cmpser, and illustratr. In fact, Shel illustrated all f his children’s bks himself. This is ne reasn the pictures seem t match the pem s perfectly.Where the Sidewalk Ends, first published in 1974, is ne f the mst belved children’s bks f all time. But what makes Shel’s petry s timeless and ppular? His pems are ften funny, and yung peple lve Shel’s type f humr.In ne pem, he tld the stry f a girl wh refused t take ut the garbage. It piled up higher and higher until it almst tk ver the twn. Many kids have experienced the feeling f nt wanting t d a chre. They lve the feeling f being ut f cntrl in the bk because they knw that it wuld never happen that way in real life.
Shel als liked t play with language in his petry. He ften used skills like Alliteratin in his wrk. Alliteratin is the use f wrds that begin with the same sunds. In the pem abut the girl wh refused t take ut the garbage, the character’s name is Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stut. This type f Alliteratin can make petry fun t read alud. In1999, Shel Silverstein died in his hme in Key West Flrida. Children and adults will miss his special humr and incredible imaginatin. As the media’s wrds g, “Where there is a library, there are Shel’s bks.”1．When did Shel Silverstein becme a cartnist?A．In the 1940s.B．In the 1950s.C．In the 1960s.D．In the 1970s.2．What kind f persn is Shel Silverstein?A．Fun and talkative.B．Kind and creative.C．Talented and humrus.D．Clever and friendly.3．What des the underlined wrd “illustrate” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?A．Draw pictures.B．Read stries.C．Write sngs.D．Tell jkes.
4．Which f the fllwing sentence is an example f Alliteratin?A．Tell me I’m clever. Tell me I’m kind.B．Mandy’s mm made muthwatering mncakes.C．I made myself a snwball as perfect as culd be.D．The garbage reached acrss the state frm New Yrk t the Glden Gate.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了著名诗人谢尔·西尔弗斯坦。1．细节理解题。根据“Shel Silverstein was brn in Chicag, Illinis, in 1930.”和“He began his career in the arts as a cartnist in his twenties.”可知，谢尔·西尔弗斯坦1950年成为漫画家的。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“He als was a talented singer, sngwriter, cmpser, and illustratr.”和“His pems are ften funny, and yung peple lve Shel’s type f humr.”可知，谢尔·西尔弗斯坦是一个有天赋且幽默的人。故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据“He als was a talented singer, sngwriter, cmpser, and illustratr. In fact, Shel illustrated all f his children’s bks himself. This is ne reasn the pictures seem t match the pem s perfectly.”可知，这些图片与这首诗如此完美匹配。因此推知illustrate意为“给……画插图”，与Draw pictures同义。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据“Alliteratin is the use f wrds that begin with the same sunds.”可知，头韵是使用以相同声音开头的单词。观察所给选项，B选项每个单词都是以/m/开头，属于头韵的例子。故选B。
中考英语阅读理解说明文是以说明为主要表达方式用来说明事物，阐明事理的一种文体。从内容特点看，说明文从内容上主要围绕下列主题而展开，科普知识类、动植物特性类、自然现象类、新产品、新工艺介绍类、风土人情类。文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。实验、研究型文章一般会以实验的过程、进展为线索，多用描述法、问题与对策法等方法，通过列数据、做对比等来说明新的科学研究发现及其产生的影响。介绍说明型文章通常是介绍一种新产品、新技术，更多运用描述法从功能、用途、材料和市场前景等方面进行介绍。从语言特点看：说明文中专业术语较多，抽象程度高，解题难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文由于句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。从结构特点看：客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的情感倾向。说明文通常采用以下结构形式：总分式: 总——分式和分——总式结构，以及完整的“总——分——总”结构。递进式: 事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。并列式：文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。对照式：通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。
一般说来，英语说明文与其他文体一样，文章所涉及的内容不外乎以下几个方面，即wh → what → when → where → hw → why。 1. wh：问的是这篇文章的主体是谁？（即所要说明和描述的人或事物） 2. what：问的是主体做了什么事情？（即主体表现出的特性、功能和用途） 3. when和where：是在何时何地发生的？（即何时何地所表现出的特性、功能和用途） 4. hw：通过什么方式表现出来的？ 5. why：这种特性功能用途的原因是什么？ 做说明文阅读理解题的时候，一定要记住上面的wh-wrd。边阅读，边搜记，牢记要点，把握全文。
【应试技巧】阅读说明类文章重在把握被说明事物各因素之间的联系，如因果、条件、从属、并列等；以及说明方法，如定义、例释、类比等。考生应加强此类文章的阅读训练，不断提高判断、归纳、分析和解决问题的能力。首先我们平时要多关注科学题材的文章，了解一些基本的科普知识；其次，在阅读时要注意实验的目的和结果，不能凭想象和猜测下结论；对于较难理解的句子要利用语法结构去分析；最后，要利用文章特点找准主题句，把握中心，从而一一破解题目。技巧一 快速读题，正确理解题干，定位关键词，带着问题读文章。技巧二 运用正确的阅读策略，变速阅读文章，学会处理文中的冗余信息。技巧三 注意特殊语言现象，在含有关键词的句子处标上题号。技巧四 注意正确项和干扰项的特征，回到文中确定答案。技巧五 合理猜测，推敲生词的含义。技巧六 符合题目要求，对信息进行必要的加工处理。
（2023·浙江丽水·中考真题）Seagrass, an underwater plant that grws n the cean flr, is very imprtant fr sea life. It als helps prevent glbal warming by string carbn, a harmful gas. Hwever, scientists dn’t knw exactly hw much seagrass is at the bttm f the cean. With the help f tiger sharks, a team f researchers has discvered the wrld’s largest seagrass meadw（grassland）n the seaflr near the Bahamas. Seagrass meadws are hme t many different kinds f fish, shellfish, and s n. Large sea animals, such as sharks, als spend a lt f time there lking fr fd. Seagrass can grw in very deep and dark waters, making it difficult t find. But sharks can dive deep int the water and get t the areas peple cannt reach. After nticing tiger sharks swimming thrugh seagrass ff the Bahamas, an American scientist wrked with a seagrass expert, trying t map the lcatins f the plants. The researchers fitted seven tiger sharks with cameras. Since tiger sharks swim in grups, they placed satellite tracking tags（卫星跟踪器）n eight ther sharks t find ut exactly where the animals swam. They cllected hurs f vides f the tiger sharks swimming thrugh seagrass.
The researchers fund mre seagrass grwing near the Bahamas than they expected—in fact, they believe that there is mre seagrass there than anywhere else n Earth. The new finding increased the ttal number f seagrass knwn t exist by 41%. Hwever, mre research is needed t discver the true size f the seagrass meadw. Scientists ften depend n findings frm divers and bats t study abut the underwater wrld, but this team fund that wrking with animals imprved their understanding. They are nw placing cameras n sea turtles t study seagrass in the Red Sea. Hpefully, mre mysteries abut seagrass will be slved.1．What are the scientists studying accrding t the passage?A．Sharks.B．The Bahamas.C．Seagrass.D．The Red Sea.2．Which italic（斜体）wrd has the same meaning as the underlined wrd “map” in Paragraph 3?A．Is there a map f China in the classrm?B．Amy mapped ut her plans n the new prject.C．It is the West lake that really puts Hangzhu n the map.D．The plice have successfully mapped where the missing by is.3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?A．The reasn fr the study.B．The methd t d the research.C．The finding f the research.D．The difficulty in carrying ut the study.4．Why des the writer write the passage?A．T tell the imprtance f saving seagrass.B．T express the strng lve fr tiger sharks.C．T share a new way f ding undersea research.D．T intrduce a special prject n glbal warming.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．C【导语】本文主要介绍了海草的重要性以及科学家如何利用虎鲨进行海底研究，以及他们在巴哈马发现的世界最大的海草草地，这种创新的研究方法有利于增加人类对海底世界的了解。1．细节理解题。根据“With the help f tiger sharks, a team f researchers has discvered the wrld’s largest seagrass meadw（grassland）n the seaflr near the Bahamas.”可知科学家在研究海草。故选C。2．词义猜测题。根据“After nticing tiger sharks swimming thrugh seagrass ff the Bahamas, an American scientist wrked with a seagrass expert, trying t map the lcatins f the plants”可知在注意到虎鲨在巴哈马群岛附近的海草中游动后，一位美国科学家与一位海草专家合作，试图绘制这些植物的位置图，故此处mapped意为“绘制……的位置”；分析四个选择可知，选项D“警方已成功绘制出失踪男孩的位置”中的mapped也以为“绘制……的位置”。故选D。3．段落大意题。根据“The researchers fund...”以及本段内容可知本段主要介绍了研究的发现。故选C。4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了海草的重要性以及科学家如何利用虎鲨进行海底研究，以及他们在巴哈马发现的世界最大的海草草地，这种创新的研究方法有利于增加人类对海底世界的了解，故作者写本文的意图是分享这种新的海底研究方式。故选C。
（2023·浙江杭州·中考真题）We all enjy being part f a grup—there’s n better wrk than teamwrk, right? Actually, I disagree. Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn. It’s a much better fit fr me, and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier. Persnalities (个性) can make teamwrk difficult. There’s ften smene n the team that puts their needs first. The team ften ges alng with this persn, whse ideas might nt be the best, just the ludest. Just ne difficult persnality can make teamwrk hard. Cmbine (结合) several challenging persnality types, and it’s even harder. Nt having enugh time tgether can als make teamwrk challenging. Fr example, I was nce n a team where we never had enugh time t meet as a grup. T successfully wrk as a team, yu need time tgether—and lts f it. A final reasn teamwrk is difficult is because there’s ften n training n hw t wrk n a team. Yu can’t
just put peple in a rm and expect them t wrk well with each ther. Yu need t build trust with yur team members. Think f ftball players: They aren’t just given a ball and tld t play. They practice, and they train. Team can be hard, but wrking alne has its challenges, t. When my cmputer desn’t wrk, I dn’t have an IT persn t turn t. When I have a great idea, I dn’t have anyne t share it with t see if it really is a great idea. Dn’t get me wrng—I still like my team f ne and enjy making all f the imprtant decisins myself. But nw I realize what was wrng with the teamwrk I did in the past and hw gd teamwrk culd be if dne crrectly. And that’s useful infrmatin—because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.
5．Why did the writer chse t wrk frm hme n his wn?A．T keep himself busier.B．T keep himself healthier.C．T make his jb easier.D．T make his team harder.6．Which f the fllwing makes teamwrk difficult?A．Strng persnality.B．Lts f teamwrk time. C．Challenging ideas.D．Clear team rles.7．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?A．WE TEAM has hardly any advantages.B．ME TEAM needs a lt f IT engineers.C．ME TEAM has n challenges fr the writer.D．WE TEAM may be the writer’s chice ne day.8．What is the purpse f the text?A．T shw the advantages f teamwrk.B．T tell the imprtance f teamwrk.C．T intrduce the influence f teamwrk.D．T explain the difficulties f teamwrk.
【答案】5．C 6．A 7．D 8．D 【导语】本文主要解释了团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。5．细节理解题。根据“Teamwrk can be hard. In fact, it was s difficult that I left my ffice jb and started wrking frm hme n my wn.”可知，作者选择自己在家工作是因为团队合作太难了，他想让工作更简单。故选C。6．细节理解题。根据“Persnalities (个性) can make teamwrk difficult.”可知，成员的个性会使团队合作变得困难。故选A。7．细节理解题。根据“because ne day I might want t turn my ME TEAM int a WE TEAM.”可知，“大家的团队”也许有一天会成为作者的选择。故选D。8．主旨大意题。根据主旨句“Teamwrk can be hard… and it has made me think abut why teamwrk can make ur jbs harder rather than easier.”可知，本文的目的是为了解释团队合作让工作变得困难的原因。故选D。
命题规律：细节理解题一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 命题方式 ：1.特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what.which，wh，hw much/many等疑问词开头引出问题。2.填空题形式。通常涉及与主题有关的事实或细节。题型和考查角度：1.高频考点：直接信息题；间接信息题。2.中频考点：数字计算题； 3.低频考点：细节排序题；正误判断题。解题原则 ：注意句子的逻辑关系，依附原文，杜绝主观臆断。
解题技巧 ：第一步：审读题干，提取关键信息；第二步：速读定位原文信息句，将试题信息与原文信息进行语义转换；第三步：逐一核对选项，仔细辨别，得出答案。解题原则：对原文中能直接排除的进行筛选，不能直接找到的多处相关信息进行整合转换。
【示例】Spatial (空间) learning is an imprtant skill in the animal kingdm. This is because it helps animals find fd when it’s nt easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are knwn t d this.A recent study has fund that the butterfly als has ability f spatial learning. This butterfly cmes frm Suth and Central America. And it’s knwn fr different types f wing patterns.22．Why is spatial learning imprtant t animals?A．It helps animals find fd mre easily.B．It makes it pssible fr animals t keep in tuch.C．It allws animals t find the best place t live.D．It imprves the animals’ ability t frm a family.
【答案】A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。【解析】细节理解题。根据“Spatial (空间) learning is an imprtant skill in the animal kingdm. This is because it helps animals find fd when it’s nt easily available.”可知，因为它可以帮助动物更容易的找到食物。故选A。
【示例】The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, nt even glue. After the shw, students will recycle the wl (羊毛). They can d mre things with it. “The art is envirnmentally friendly, and it makes ur city lives warmer and mre clrful,” said Xia Xin, ne f the knitting artists.34．Why is the art envirnmentally friendly?A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed.B．Because the art made the city lives mre clrful.C．Because the art made peple feel the cming f spring.D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled.
【答案】D【导语】本文主要讲述了南京外国语学校学生设计了梧桐树的毛衣，为南京带来了更多的温暖。【解析】细节理解题。根据“The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, nt even glue. After the shw, students will recycle the wl (羊毛). They can d mre things with it.”可知，因为毛衣没有使用任何化学材料，将被回收利用。故选D。
二、推理判断题推理判断题是中考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。题型和考查角度： 1.高频考点：隐含意义、写作意图、观点态度。2.低频考点：文章出处、文章结构、目标读者。错误原因：1. 主观臆断2. 缺乏逻辑3. 过度推理4. 缺乏常识隐含推断类题型锁定关键词：根据题干关键词infer（推断），suggest（表明，暗示），cnclude（得出结论）, indicate（暗示，象征）, imply（暗示）, assume(假定，设想)迅速确定题型
解题指导：(1) 浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项(2) 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；(3) 整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。观点态度类题型锁定关键词：根据题干中表达情感的形容词、副词、动词或介词短语等，如attitude（态度），utstanding（ 优秀的，突出的），disagree（不同意），hpefully（有希望的）,against（反对）, in favr f（赞成）, 迅速确定题型。解题指导：(1) 认真审题，明确“谁对谁”的态度，明确答题方向(2) 关注段落首尾句，推断文章和段落主题，确定观点(3) 注意作者或文中人物的措辞(4) 分析修饰语和字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；(5) 牢记观点态度的常见词语
写作意图类或文章来源题型锁定关键词：根据题干关键词purpse（目的），intend t（打算），want t tell us ...（想要告诉我们），write this passage t（写这篇文章为了）迅速确定题型。解题指导：(1) 根据文章或段落主旨推断作者写作意图；(2) 根据文体推断写作意图说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，应找准主题句（t intrduce, t explain, t infrm, t make cmparisns...）
【示例】One difference n raising children is at what age and t what extent (程度) they are given freedm utside the hme. The gvernment and the peple f Nrway believe that it is better fr children t learn t be independent frm a very early age. Almst all children are typically sent t daycare at age ne in Nrway. ________ when it cmes t raising independent children. In fact, it wuld nt be uncmmn fr a Japanese child t walk r ride a bike r take a public bus t schl alne r even t shp at a lcal stre withut a parent. On the ther hand, in Kenya, children stay with their mthers the whle day.1．Which f the fllwing can be put int ________ in Paragraph 2?A．Japan has ttally different ideasB．Japan als has their wn ideasC．Japan als has similar ideasD．Japan als has interesting ideas
【答案】C 【导语】本文主要讨论了父母在孩子生活中应该扮演的角色以及不同文化对于孩子教育的方式。【解析】推理判断题。根据“The gvernment and the peple f Nrway believe that it is better fr children t learn t be independent frm a very early age”可知，挪威政府和人民认为，儿童最好从小就学会独立。根据“when it cmes t raising independent children. In fact, it wuld nt be uncmmn fr a Japanese child t walk r ride a bike r take a public bus t schl alne r even t shp at a lcal stre withut a parent.”可知，事实上，日本孩子独自步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共巴士上学，甚至在没有父母的情况下在当地商店购物。所以挪威和日本有相似的理念。故选C。
【示例】Even thugh these planets are very far away frm us, we knw sme things abut the planets. We knw that they cme in all kinds f clrs and sizes. Sme f the planets appear t be red r blue, and they can be much bigger than Jupiter (木星). Sme f these planets als seem t be made f the same kinds f things as can be fund n Earth. A number f the far-ff planets seem t be cmpletely slid and made f rcks, they are htter than Jupiter, t.While far-ff planets are interesting, there is an imprtant reasn why astrnmers are lking at them. Astrnmers want t find a planet like Earth. They think that there may be sme ut there that have air and water like Earth. Such planets, astrnmers believe, may als supprt life n them. That wuld certainly be smething t find! S astrnmers keep searching. Wh knws what they will find ut there?6．Hw des the writer explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?A．By giving examples.B．By listing numbers.C．By using ld sayings.D．By telling stries.7．What’s the writer’s attitude twards “keep searching fr new planets”?A．Supprtive.B．Dubtful.C．Uncaring.D．Unclear.
【答案】 6．A 7．A【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳系外的行星发现情况，包括发现时间、数量、发现方法和特点。文章还提到了这些行星的特点，如颜色、大小、成分和特殊类型。最后，文章指出天文学家对这些行星的研究意义，希望找到类似地球的行星，可能支持生命存在。6．推理判断题。根据“We knw that they cme in all kinds f clrs and sizes. Sme f the planets appear t be red r blue, and they can be much bigger than Jupiter (木星) . Sme f these planets als seem t be made f the same kinds f things as can be fund n Earth.”可知，此处作者通过举例子来解释划线句子。故选A。7．推理判断题。根据“While far-ff planets are interesting, there is an imprtant reasn why astrnmers are lking at them. Astrnmers want t find a planet like Earth. They think that there may be sme ut there that have air and water like Earth. Such planets, astrnmers believe, may als supprt life n them. That wuld certainly be smething t find! S astrnmers keep searching.”可知，天文学家想找到一颗像地球一样的行星，那肯定是一件值得寻找的事情，因此作者对此持支持态度。故选A。
【答案】D【导语】本文主要讲述了南京外国语学校学生设计了梧桐树的毛衣，为南京带来了更多的温暖。34．细节理解题。根据“The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, nt even glue. After the shw, students will recycle the wl (羊毛). They can d mre things with it.”可知，因为毛衣没有使用任何化学材料，将被回收利用。故选D。
【示例】D yu knw 2023 is the Year f the Rabbit? Rabbits are quick, quiet and smart. Many Chinese idims (成语) speak t these features. Fr example, peple ften say dngru tutu t praise peple fr their quick mves. Jiatu sanku means that a clever rabbit always has many hles. This makes it hard fr peple t find it. In Chinese culture, the rabbit stands fr the mn. Peple used t believe a rabbit was living n the mn. The rabbit is called the Mn Rabbit. It’s the pet f Chang’e. als shw up in ther areas f Western culture. In the bk Alice in Wnderland, Alice fllws a rabbit t get away frm her wrld and start her jurney. There is the Easter Rabbit, t. Rabbits are clse t the idea f new life because they have lts f babies. The night befre Easter, kids ften make nests (窝) in their gardens fr the Easter Rabbit.40．In which sectin f a newspaper can yu read the text?A．Culture.B．Sprts.C．Travel.D．Science.
【答案】A【导语】本文主要介绍了兔子在中西方文化中蕴含的意义。【解析】推理判断题。本文主要介绍了兔子在中西方文化中蕴含的意义，所以可以在文化板块看到。故选A。
三、词义猜测题命题规律：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。 平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。题型和考查角度： 1.猜测生词或熟词生义。2.猜测短语的意义。3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。4.猜测句意。命题方式：The phrase“...” in the sentence culd be replaced by“ ”.The wrd “...”in the paragraph refer t“ ”.What is the meaning f the underlined wrd in the.. paragraph?Which f the fllwing is the clsest in meaning t the phrase“...”?The wrd“...” mst nearly means“ ”.The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .
1. 根据定义推测词义：有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, r, namely, in ther wrds, that is t say, t be mre exact, t put it anther way, which is等。2. 根据举例推测词义：有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, , fr example, fr instance, like , including, especially等。3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义：表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, hwever, while, unlike, instead, similarly, n the cntrary, in cntrast t等。4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。5. 根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。6. 根据因果关系推测词义：因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, fr , s, thus, cnsequently, therefre, hence, due t, result in, result frm, as a result, fr this reasn, accrdingly, , 等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。
【示例】Accrding t a reprt frm Duyin, the number f fitness vides in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while fllwers f fitness trainers went up by 208 percent cmpared with the year befre. Peple ften search nline fr simple exercises that are demnstrated by persnal trainers. These trainers d a great jb in bth teaching and leading peple t exercise mre.41．What des the underlined wrd “demnstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean?A．T build a dream.B．T give sme advice.C．T shw hw smething is dne.D．T ask questins abut smething.
【答案】C【导语】 本文主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身。【解析】词义猜测题。根据that引导的定语从句修饰先行词simple exercises结合后文“These trainers d a great jb in bth teaching and leading peple t exercise mre.”可知，是培训师演示的简单锻炼，因此demnstrated意为“T shw hw smething is dne.”，故选C。
【示例】Rabbits can have a lt f babies in a shrt time. In this way, peple in the past als saw the rabbit as a gd sign. They believed having mre children culd bring them luck and happiness. S the Year f the Rabbit may bring yu sme gd luck, t. 37．What des the underlined wrd “They” in Paragraph 3 refer t?A．Rabbits.B．Children.C．Western peple.D．Peple in the past.
【答案】D【导语】本文主要介绍了兔子在中西方文化中蕴含的意义。【解析】代词指代题。根据“In this way, peple in the past als saw the rabbit as a gd sign. They believed having mre children culd bring them luck and happiness.”可知，这样，过去的人们也把兔子看作是一个好兆头。他们相信有更多的孩子会给他们带来好运和幸福。所以They指的是是过去的人们，故选D。
四、主旨大意题 命题规律：主旨大意题即考查细节理解能力, 又考查深层次的推理、概括能力,难度较大。不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。题型和考查角度：1.主题类：文章大意题和段落大意题(概括文章或段落的主旨大意)2.标题类：标题判断题（选择最佳标题）。要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
命题方式：What is the text mainly abut?What is the best title fr the text?What can be a suitable title fr the text?What's the mainly abut?What's the main idea discussed in the first/secnd/.. paragraph?不解题技巧：1. 说明文：明文的主题句一般在文首,但有的在文尾,也有的首尾呼应。段落大意题通过结构或暗示概括段落大意1. 根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式2. 通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
【示例】N matter what, mre and mre turists want t learn abut traditinal cultures. Mst lcal peple want mre turism because turists bring mney and help lcal business. Turists have t respect lcal culture and lcal places. Lcal gvernments have t make laws (法律) t prtect places and lifestyles. If everyne is respnsible, then turism will be great fr traditinal cultures.48．The purpse (目的) f the last paragraph is t ________.A．tell peple the imprtance f prtecting traditinal cultureB．call n (号召) turists t prtect traditinal cultureC．call n peple make laws t prtect traditinal cultureD．tell peple shuld be respnsible
【答案】B【导语】本文主要讲述了旅游业对传统文化的好处和坏处。【解析】段落大意题。根据“Turists have t respect lcal culture and lcal places. Lcal gvernments have t make laws (法律) t prtect places and lifestyles. If everyne is respnsible, then turism will be great fr traditinal cultures”可知，游客必须尊重当地文化和地方。地方政府必须制定法律来保护地方和生活方式。如果每个人都是负责任的，那么旅游业将有利于传统文化。所以最后一段号召游客保护传统文化，故选B。
【示例】D yu ever wnder why yu can g ver a bk again and again and still be lst when tested n what yu read? It may be because yu haven’t practiced remembering.Remembering is a useful way t help us learn. Sme f us remember best by listening; sme by re-reading; and thers by using pictures and diagrams (图表). Schls try many f these different ways t help students “dwnlad” new infrmatin.Our mind, just like ur bdy, has t practice activities t becme gd at them.53．What’s the text mainly abut?A．What is a gd way t test?B．What is a gd way t practice?C．What is a gd way t scre well?D．What is a gd way t remember things?
【答案】D【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何才能让你的记忆力更好。【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“D yu ever wnder why yu can g ver a bk again and again and still be lst when tested n what yu read? It may be because yu haven’t practiced remembering.”以及“Our mind, just like ur bdy, has t practice activities t becme gd at them.”可知文章主要讲述了什么是记忆的好方法。故选D。
【示例】D yu ever wnder why yu can g ver a bk again and again and still be lst when tested n what yu read? It may be because yu haven’t practiced remembering.Remembering is a useful way t help us learn. Sme f us remember best by listening; sme by re-reading; and thers by using pictures and diagrams (图表). Schls try many f these different ways t help students “dwnlad” new mind, just like ur bdy, has t practice activities t becme gd at them.53．What’s the text mainly abut?A．What is a gd way t test?B．What is a gd way t practice?C．What is a gd way t scre well?D．What is a gd way t remember things?
【示例】The ppularity f nline fitness increased greatly. Dwnlads f fitness apps quickly went up in number. New styles f exercises have appeared that peple can d frm hme. Even thugh peple exercise separately, they ften d it tgether thrugh the Internet. Online fitness allws peple t exercise at any time and anywhere withut ging t a gym r a fitness center.44．What is the best title fr the passage?A．Let’s D Exercise in Fitness Centers.B．Online Fitness Wins Chinese Hearts.C．Fitness Curses Attract Mre Fllwers.D．TV Exercise Prgrams Are Mre Ppular Than Ever.
【答案】B【导语】 本文主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身。【解析】最佳标题题。根据文章开头“The ppularity f nline fitness increased greatly.Dwnlads f fitness apps quickly went up in number.New styles f exercises have appeared that peple can d frm hme.”可知，文章主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身，因此在线健身赢得中国人的心，故选B。
五、篇章结构题【示例】Spatial (空间) learning is an imprtant skill in the animal kingdm. This is because it helps animals find fd when it’s nt easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are knwn t d this.A recent study has fund that the butterfly als has ability f spatial learning. This butterfly cmes frm Suth and Central America. And it’s knwn fr different types f wing patterns.In the study, the research team carried ut spatial learning experiments n butterflies under three different spatial cnditins. First, they tested the insect’s ability t learn the lcatin f real fd in a 1-square-meter space made up f 16 fake (假的) flwers. This test represented (代表) searching fr fd in a single area. And they tested if the butterflies culd learn t cnnect fd with either the left r right side f a 3-square-meter tw-armed maze (迷宫), representing many plants at a single place.The team then increased the distances again. They used large utdr cages (笼子) t test if the butterflies culd learn the lcatin f fd in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze lks like the letter T. This test represented searching fr fd in the wild. This was clser t the cnditins in which the insect finds fd in the wild.The experiments n butterflies shw signs f spatial learning-they can remember the spatial lcatin f their fd. In the future studies, the team plans t test if they are better at spatial learning than clsely-related species (近亲物种).25．What’s the structure (结构) f the passage? (P=Paragraph)
【答案】A【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。【解析】篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段介绍了空间学习在动物中的重要性；第二段介绍了来自美洲的蝴蝶也有这样的技能；第三段至第五段为科学家做的三次实验；最后一段给出结论，动物可以记住食物的空间位置。因此选项A中的结构符合题意。故选A。
【示例】 Where is the wrld’s best high-speed rail system? In China! High-speed railway, which has develped quickly in recent years, has becme a famus name card f China. In the past ten years, China’s high-speed rail netwrk (高速铁路网) has grwn frm under 10, 000 kilmeters t ver 40, 000 kilmeters, making it the wrld’s lngest high-speed rail netwrk, lng enugh t circle the entire equatr (整个赤道). Frm the ld-style green trains t the Fuxing high-speed trains, China’s high-speed railways have develped quickly and brught us clser t ur hmetwn villages. In 2016, the Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway pened t traffic. The distances between nearly 340 traditinal villages and high-speed railway statins have been reduced t less than ne hur, while mst f them were mre than three hurs away frm the statins befre the railway pened. With China’s high-speed trains becming faster and faster, peple can save mre travel time. Fr example, yu can leave frm Beijing in the mrning t take part in a meeting in Shanghai at nn. Then, yu can arrive at Hangzhu in the afternn, enjying the beauty f the West Lake. In the evening, yu can return t Beijing safely.
China’s high-speed railway has already gne t the wrld. In 2014, An-Yi high-speed rail, the first high-speed railway built by Chinese cmpanies verseas (在海外), was finished and pened t traffic. In 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, jintly built by China and Indnesia, can cut travel time between the tw cities frm mre than 3 hurs t 40 minutes. China’s high-speed railways crss rivers and muntains, cnnect hme and abrad, and see the changes ver time. Frm nthing, we are a leader in this industry nw. As a name card f China, China’s high-speed railway has amazed the wrld!30．What is the best structure (结构) fr the text?
【答案】B【导语】本文主要讲述了中国高速铁路的发展。【解析】篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍中国高速铁路近年来发展迅速，已成为中国著名的名片，是点明主题；第二段到第五段分别讲述了中国高速铁路的发展情况；最后一段再次点明主题，强调中国高速铁路的发展迅速。选项B图片符合。故选B。
一、阅读理解Wh is yur favrite pet? Fr many yung peple, the answer is Shel Silverstein. Shel’s first bk Uncle Shelby’s Stry f Lafcadi the Lin Wh Sht Back was published in the 1960s, and since then his children’s bks have sld mre than 30 millin cpies! Yung peple recgnize that Shel really understd his readers.Shel Silverstein was brn in Chicag, Illinis, in 1930. He began writing pems when he was yung. Althugh he was best knwn fr writing children’s stries, Shel was creative in many ways. He began his career in the arts as a cartnist in his twenties. He als was a talented singer, sngwriter, cmpser, and illustratr. In fact, Shel illustrated all f his children’s bks himself. This is ne reasn the pictures seem t match the pem s perfectly.Where the Sidewalk Ends, first published in 1974, is ne f the mst belved children’s bks f all time. But what makes Shel’s petry s timeless and ppular? His pems are ften funny, and yung peple lve Shel’s type f humr.In ne pem, he tld the stry f a girl wh refused t take ut the garbage. It piled up higher and higher until it almst tk ver the twn. Many kids have experienced the feeling f nt wanting t d a chre. They lve the feeling f being ut f cntrl in the bk because they knw that it wuld never happen that way in real life.
Shel als liked t play with language in his petry. He ften used skills like Alliteratin in his wrk. Alliteratin is the use f wrds that begin with the same sunds. In the pem abut the girl wh refused t take ut the garbage, the character’s name is Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stut. This type f Alliteratin can make petry fun t read alud. In1999, Shel Silverstein died in his hme in Key West Flrida. Children and adults will miss his special humr and incredible imaginatin. As the media’s wrds g, “Where there is a library, there are Shel’s bks.”1．When did Shel Silverstein becme a cartnist?A．In the 1940s.B．In the 1950s.C．In the 1960s.D．In the 1970s.2．What kind f persn is Shel Silverstein?A．Fun and talkative.B．Kind and creative.C．Talented and humrus.D．Clever and friendly.3．What des the underlined wrd “illustrate” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?A．Draw pictures.B．Read stries.C．Write sngs.D．Tell jkes.
4．Which f the fllwing sentence is an example f Alliteratin?A．Tell me I’m clever. Tell me I’m kind.B．Mandy’s mm made muthwatering mncakes.C．I made myself a snwball as perfect as culd be.D．The garbage reached acrss the state frm New Yrk t the Glden Gate.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了著名诗人谢尔·西尔弗斯坦。1．细节理解题。根据“Shel Silverstein was brn in Chicag, Illinis, in 1930.”和“He began his career in the arts as a cartnist in his twenties.”可知，谢尔·西尔弗斯坦1950年成为漫画家的。故选B。2．细节理解题。根据“He als was a talented singer, sngwriter, cmpser, and illustratr.”和“His pems are ften funny, and yung peple lve Shel’s type f humr.”可知，谢尔·西尔弗斯坦是一个有天赋且幽默的人。故选C。3．词句猜测题。根据“He als was a talented singer, sngwriter, cmpser, and illustratr. In fact, Shel illustrated all f his children’s bks himself. This is ne reasn the pictures seem t match the pem s perfectly.”可知，这些图片与这首诗如此完美匹配。因此推知illustrate意为“给……画插图”，与Draw pictures同义。故选A。4．推理判断题。根据“Alliteratin is the use f wrds that begin with the same sunds.”可知，头韵是使用以相同声音开头的单词。观察所给选项，B选项每个单词都是以/m/开头，属于头韵的例子。故选B。
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