【期中模拟】2023-2024学年（人教版2019）高二英语下册期中 预测卷 03 阅读理解.zip

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Passage 1
（23-24高二下·湖北·阶段练习）Certain areas near the mn’s ples stay everlastingly in shadw, never receiving direct sunlight. Recent studies suggest these s-called permanently shadwed regins (PSRs) cntain rich ice resurce that culd shw details abut the early slar system; they culd als help future visitrs make fuel and ther resurces. But these areas are hard t phtgraph frm satellites mving arund the mn and thus are a challenge t study. The few phts PSRs reflect are ften flded by camera nise and quantum effects (量子效应).
Nw researchers have prduced a deep-learning algrithm (算法) t cut thrugh the interruptin and t see these dark znes. “Our images enable scientists t identify the features f craters and bulders (陨石坑和巨石),” says Valentin Bickel, a planetary scientist at the Max Planck Institute f Slar System Research in Germany and lead authr f a Nature Cmmunicatins study testing the new algrithm.
The researchers used mre than 70,000 images f cmpletely dark lunar areas — with n light signal — tgether with details abut the camera’s temperature and psitin in rbit t train their algrithm t recgnize and remve camera nise. Next they dealt with the rest nise thrugh infrmatin learned frm millins f sunlit lunar phts, tgether with cpied versins f the same images in shadw. Ignaci Lpez-Francs, a study c-authr and engineer at the NASA Ames Research Center, says using such man-made shadw was necessary because sunlit PSR images d nt exist. A similar technique is als used in lw-light digital camera phtgraphy.
The researchers used their algrithm t analyze the size and number f craters and bulders in several PSRs that might be explred by NASA’s Artemis mn prgram. They als fund the likely rigins f sme bulders and established a ptential rute fr an astrnaut thrugh a PSR n the mn, aviding bstacles and slpes steeper than 10 degrees.
“It’s an interesting applicatin f machine-learning technlgy, and the nise mdel seems realistic and useful fr this real case,” says cmputer scientist Chngyi Li, wh uses similar strategies t enhance underwater images at Singapre’s Nanyang Technlgical University and was nt invlved in the study.
1．Why is explring the PSRs a challenge?
A．Because satellites are remte.B．Because the slar system is cmplex.
C．Because the phts are ften cvered.D．Because the mn has abundant resurces.
2．Hw did the researchers train their algrithm?
A．They trained it thrugh phts and images.
B．They trained it by cutting thrugh the interruptin.
C．They trained it thrugh numerus images f sunlit lunar areas.
D．They trained it by using lw-light digital camera phtgraphy.
3．What is Chngyi Li’s attitude t this algrithm?
A．Dubtful.B．Objective.C．Indifferent.D．Favrable.
4．What is the authr’s purpse in writing this article?
A．T appeal t us t explre lunar areas.B．T prmte ur understanding f mn.
C．T intrduce an applicatin f technlgy.D．T describe the reasns f lunar shadw lands.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种用于查看月球阴影部分的技术，解释了其工作原理以及人们对此的看法。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But these areas are hard t phtgraph frm satellites mving arund the mn and thus are a challenge t study. The few phts PSRs reflect are ften flded by camera nise and quantum effects (量子效应). (但这些区域很难从绕月移动的卫星上拍摄下来，因此对研究来说是一个挑战。PSRs反映的少数照片经常被相机噪声和量子效应淹没)”可知，探索PSRs是一个挑战是因为照片经常被遮盖。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers used mre than 70,000 images f cmpletely dark lunar areas — with n light signal — tgether with details abut the camera’s temperature and psitin in rbit t train their algrithm t recgnize and remve camera nise. Next they dealt with the rest nise thrugh infrmatin learned frm millins f sunlit lunar phts, tgether with cpied versins f the same images in shadw. (研究人员使用了7万多张完全黑暗的月球区域的照片——没有光信号——以及相机的温度和轨道位置的细节，来训练他们的算法来识别和消除相机的噪音。接下来，他们通过从数百万张阳光下的月球照片中获取的信息，以及在阴影下复制的相同图像，来处理剩下的噪点)”可知，研究人员通过照片和图像来训练他们的算法。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Chngyi Li所说的话“It’s an interesting applicatin f machine-learning technlgy, and the nise mdel seems realistic and useful fr this real case (这是机器学习技术的一个有趣的应用，噪音模型似乎很现实，对这个真实案例很有用)”可知，李认为这个算法的应用是有用的。由此可知，他对这个算法是支持的。故选D。
4．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Nw researchers have prduced a deep-learning algrithm (算法) t cut thrugh the interruptin and t see these dark znes. (现在，研究人员已经开发出一种深度学习算法，可以切断干扰，看到这些暗区)”，并结合文章主要介绍了一种用于查看月球阴影部分的技术，解释了其工作原理以及人们对此的看法可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种技术的应用。故选C。
Passage 2
（23-24高二下·江西·阶段练习）Fiji is an island natin with muntains t climb, jungles t explre, vast reefs under the waves t dive, and beaches t walk n. Yu can g t the pen-air suvenir markets t shp fr authentic Fijian crafts (工艺品) like wden kava bwls and visit the Fiji Museum. Yu can als attend Fire walking ceremny, the traditinal practice f fire walking, where men walk bareft acrss ht stnes.
Best Time t G
There is n bad time fr Fiji vacatins. Hwever, Nvember t April is the wet seasn, when temperatures and humidity (湿度) are higher and there is a greater risk f hurricanes. August and Octber are sme f the mst ppular mnths t visit Fiji’s islands, but this als means yu will have t deal with high-seasn crwds and prices. Brave the heavy but shrt dwnpurs in the wet seasn if yu want t escape the crwds and get sme great deals.
Accmmdatin & Transprt & Fd
Sme restaurants are expensive and attract the wrld’s rich and famus, but yu can find much cheaper ptins with equally beautiful lcatins. Budget htels start at arund $30 a night fr a duble rm with sea views.
If yu dn’t mind getting abut n a bus, yu will find this is a cheap and efficient frm f transprt. Traveling frm Suva t Nadi, fr example, csts arund $25 fr a fur-hur trip.
Yu can eat fr as little as 5insmallrestaurants, and mid—range restaurants start at arund 15 fr a meal. Many accmmdatin ptins include meals, s yu can take full advantage f this t save sme mney.
All up, Fiji is a very reasnably priced destinatin with priceless experiences n ffer. S, what are yu waiting fr?
5．What can turists d in Fiji?
A．Witness a special ceremny.B．Walk n ht stnes with shes.
C．Shp in large indr suvenir markets.D．Make wden kava bwls by themselves.
6．In which mnth are peple mre likely t avid crwds f turists?
A．May.B．July.
C．September.D．December.
7．What can be learned abut Fiji?
A．It is friendly t budget turists.B．It takes five hurs t get there.
C．It can be reached nly by bus.D．It ffers free meals in any htel.
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．A
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了斐济岛的美景和去斐济旅游的最佳时间以及住宿、交通和食物等方面的相关信息。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yu can als attend Fire walking ceremny, the traditinal practice f fire walking, where men walk bareft acrss ht stnes. (你也可以参加火走仪式，传统的火走仪式，男人们赤脚走过热石头。)”可知，游客可以见证一个特别的仪式。故选 A。
6．细节理解题。根据 Best Time t G 部分中“Brave the heavy but shrt dwnpurs in the wet seasn if yu want t escape the crwds and get sme great deals. (如果你想避开拥挤的人群，买到便宜的东西，就勇敢地面对雨季的短时暴雨。)”可知，人们在雨季来斐济岛可以避开大批游客，再结合“Hwever, Nvember t April is the wet seasn, when temperatures and humidity (湿度) are higher and there is a greater risk f hurricanes. (然而，11月到4月是雨季，温度和湿度较高，飓风的风险也更大。)”可知，12月份属于雨季，此时旅行更有可能避开成群的游客。故选 D。
7．细节理解题。根据Accmmdatin &Transprt & Fd 部分的介绍，特别是最后一段“All up, Fiji is a very reasnably priced destinatin with priceless experiences n ffer. (总之，斐济是一个价格非常合理的目的地，提供无价的体验。)”可知，在斐济吃住行既有昂贵的也有便宜的选择，因此预算有限的游客也是可以支付得起的。故选 A。
Passage 3
（23-24高二下·江苏·阶段练习）That rapidly expanding market has been built arund seltzer water − a prduct favred by celebrities and influencers alike. Despite its grwing ppularity, seltzer water has sme knwn disadvantages and plenty f advantages that cnsumers might want t be aware f.
Seltzer water, als called sparking water(气泡水) r bubbly water, “is created when carbn dixide bubbles are added t still water,” says Jamie Bering, MD, a gastrenterlgist at May Clinic in Arizna. Indeed, it’s the injectin f that carbn dixide gas under pressure “that causes the bubbles and fizzy quality f seltzer water,” explain Jen Messer, a nutritin cnsultant at Jen Messer Nutritin.
Thugh seltzer water is just as hydrating(补水) as regular water, it des have sme advantages and disadvantages different than drinking tap water alne. Messer says that sparking water can be “mre interesting, appealing and enjyable than plain water” especially s because it ften cmes in “a wide variety f flavrs.” 33 , “which makes seltzer water a gd chice fr thse lking t reduce their calrie intake r avid added sugars.” In this way, sparking water can als be a great way t transitin away frm sda. “Seltzer water can be used as a healthier alternative t drinking sda,” says Bering.
Lisa Yung, a prfessr f nutritin at New Yrk University, says that sme peple wh drink the bubbly liquid “have als fund that drinking seltzer water can als prvide temprary relief frm indigestin(消化不良).”
But seltzer water has sme disadvantages as well. Fr instance, Messer agrees that many peple have reprted that seltzer water can help with indigestin, but “interestingly, ther individuals have fund that seltzer water actually causes stmach discmfrt such as blating r gas.”
And Messer says the liquid isn’t great fr anyne trying t reduce sdium(钠) in their diets. “Yur favrite can f seltzer water may have 100 r 200 milligrams f sdium, which desn’t seem like much, but it can really add up,” she says. That’s especially wrth keeping in mind fr peple watching their bld pressure.
Yung says that because seltzer water is als acidic, “high cnsumptin may affect the teeth ver time.” In fact, nt nly can such acidity cause tth decay, but peple wh drink a lt f seltzer water may als nt be getting as much decay-preventing fluride(氟化物) as peple wh drink tap water since fluride is added t mst supplies f drinking water in America.
8．What is the main idea f paragraph 2?
A．What is seltzer water?
B．The findings f seltzer water.
C．The prcess f prducing seltzer water.
D．What are the experts’ attitudes twards seltzer water?
9．Which sentence can be put in the blank in paragraph 3?
A．Many f the same things happen in ne’s stmach when it’s cnsumed
B．Many peple prefer that side effect ver the taste f drinking regular water alne
C．What’s mre, such flavrs dn’t usually require the use f artificial sweeteners
D．Sme peple als use sparkling water machines t make their wn carbnated water at hme
10．Which f the fllwing is NOT TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．Cmpare with drinking sda, seltzer water is a healthier alternative.
B．Seltzer water can help with stmach discmfrt prblems.
C．Seltzer water isn’t gd fr peple trying t reduce sdium.
D．Drinking t much seltzer water may cause teeth prblems.
11．Which f the fllwing can serve as the best title?
A．Sparking water is ppular, but is it healthy?
B．What is healthy and unhealthy sparking water?
C．Why is sparking water unhealthy fr peple？
D．What happens when yu drink seltzer water?
【答案】8．A 9．C 10．B 11．A
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章说明气泡水越来越受欢迎，并解释了它对健康的优缺点。
8．
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Seltzer water, als called sparking water(气泡水) r bubbly water, ‘is created when carbn dixide bubbles are added t still water,’ says Jamie Bering, MD, a gastrenterlgist at May Clinic in Arizna. (亚利桑那州梅奥诊所的胃肠病学家、医学博士Jamie Bering说，seltzer水，也被称为气泡水，‘是在静止的水中加入二氧化碳气泡时产生的。’)”可知，本段主要解释了什么是气泡水。故选A项。
9．推理判断题。空格后文“which makes seltzer water a gd chice fr thse lking t reduce their calrie intake r avid added sugars. (这使得seltzer水成为那些希望减少卡路里摄入量或避免添加糖的人的一个不错的选择。”)”解释了气泡水不需要加糖，即不需要使用人工甜味剂，选项C“更重要的是，这种口味通常不需要使用人工甜味剂。”与后文语义一致。选项中sweeteners和后文中sugars是近义词，故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Fr instance, Messer agrees that many peple have reprted that seltzer water can help with indigestin, but ‘interestingly, ther individuals have fund that seltzer water actually causes stmach discmfrt such as blating r gas.’(例如，Messer同意许多人报告说气泡水可以帮助消化不良，但‘有趣的是，其他人发现气泡水实际上会引起胃部不适，如腹胀或胀气。’)”可知，B“气泡水可以帮助缓解胃部不适。”是不正确的。故选B项。
11．
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“That rapidly expanding market has been built arund seltzer water − a prduct favred by celebrities and influencers alike. Despite its grwing ppularity, seltzer water has sme knwn disadvantages and plenty f advantages that cnsumers might want t be aware f. (这个迅速扩张的市场是围绕着seltzer水建立起来的——这是一种受到名人和网红青睐的产品。尽管气泡水越来越受欢迎，但它也有一些众所周知的缺点和许多消费者可能想知道的优点。)”可知，本文说明气泡水越来越受欢迎，并解释了它对健康的优缺点。A“气泡水很受欢迎，但它健康吗? ”故选A项。
Passage 4
（23-24高二下·江苏南京·阶段练习）Laughter cmes in many frms, frm a plite and quiet laugh t a great hearty laugh. Scientists are nw develping an AI system t recreate different laughs in prper scial cntexts. The team behind the laughing rbt Erica said that the system culd imprve natural cnversatins between peple and an AI rbt. “We think that ne f the imprtant functins f cnversatinal AI is empathy(共情),” said Dr Kji Inue, the lead authr f the research. “S we decided that ne way a rbt can empathize with its users is t share their laughter.”
The team have set ut t teach their AI system the art f cnversatinal laughter. They gathered training data frm mre than 80 daily dialgues between male subjects and the rbt that was initially perated by fur actresses remtely. The dialgue data was gruped int scial laughs (where plite r embarrassed laughter isn’t invlved) and laughter f jy. Based n the audi files, the algrithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics f scial laughs, which tend t be sfter, and merry laughs, with the aim f mirrring these inapprpriate situatins.
“Our biggest bstructr in the wrk was identifying the actual cases f shared laughter because as yu knw, mst laughter is actually nt shared at all,” said Inue. “We had t carefully decide exactly which laughs we culd use fr ur analysis and we culdn’t just assume that any laugh can be respnded t. It was really nt easy wrk.” The team said laughter culd help create rbts with their wn distinct character althugh it culd take mre than 20 years befre it wuld be pssible t have a casual chat with a rbt like we wuld with a friend.
“One f the things we’d keep in mind is that a laughing rbt r algrithm will never be able t understand yu r the meaning f laughter,” pints ut Prf. Sandra Wachter f the Oxfrd Internet Institute. “But with their develpment, they might get very gd at tricking yu int believing they understand what’s ging n.”
12．Why did Inue’s team develp the AI system?
A．T better understand human empathy.
B．T prmte the scial skills f rbts.
C．T explre the differences between laughs.
D．T assist rbts in identifying peple's mds.
13．What can rbt Erica prbably d at present?
A．Repeat the details f the 80 dialgues
B．Distinguish peple by hearing their laughs
C．Recreate a scene played by the fur actresses
D．Master the features f laughs prvided by data.
14．What des the underlined wrd “bstructr” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Ptential.B．Barrier.C．Alternative.D．Divisin.
15．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．Are AI systems ging beynd human ability?
B．Can cnversatinal AI really understand us?
C．Laughing rbts are rund the cnner.
D．Rbts becme laughing masters.
【答案】12．B 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家正在研究的一款可以笑的机器人。
12．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Scientists are nw develping an AI system t recreate different laughs in prper scial cntexts. The team said that the system culd imprve natural cnversatins between peple and an AI rbt.(科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声。该团队表示，该系统可以提高人与人工智能机器人之间的自然对话)”可知，团队开发了人工智能系统是为了提高机器人的社交技能。故选B项。
13．推理判断题。由文章第二段“The team have set ut t teach their AI system the art f cnversatinal laughter. They gathered training data frm mre than 80 daily dialgues between male subjects and the rbt that was initially perated by fur actresses remtely. The dialgue data was gruped int scial laughs (where plite r embarrassed laughter isn’t invlved) and laughter f jy. Based n the audi files, the algrithm(算法) learned the basic characteristics f scial laughs, which tend t be sfter, and merry laughs, with the aim f mirrring these inapprpriate situatins.(该团队已经开始教授他们的人工智能系统对话式大笑的艺术。他们从男性受试者和最初由四名女演员远程操作的机器人之间的80多次日常对话中收集了训练数据。对话数据被分为社交笑声（不涉及礼貌或尴尬的笑声）和欢乐的笑声。基于音频文件，该算法学习了社交笑声的基本特征，这些笑声往往更柔和、更快乐，目的是反映这些不恰当的情况)”可知，团队已经开始教授机器人笑的艺术，数据包括了笑的特征，因此推断机器人Erica可能掌握了目前数据提供的笑的特征。故选D项。
14．词句猜测题。由文章第三段划线词后文“‘Our biggest bstructr in the wrk was identifying the actual cases f shared laughter because as yu knw, mst laughter is actually nt shared at all,’ said Inue. ‘We had t carefully decide exactly which laughs we culd use fr ur analysis and we culdn’t just assume that any laugh can be respnded t. It was really nt easy wrk.’(Inue说：“我们在这项工作中最大的______是确定分享笑声的实际案例，因为正如你所知，大多数笑声实际上根本就不是分享的。我们必须仔细决定哪些笑声可以用于我们的分析，我们不能仅仅假设任何笑声都能得到回应。这真的不是一项容易的工作。”)”可知，现在确定分享笑声的实际案例不是一件容易的事情，这是研究人员工作中最大的“障碍”，所以推测bstructr 表示“障碍”。故选B项。
15．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Laughter cmes in many frms, frm a plite and quiet laugh t a great hearty laugh. Scientists are nw develping an AI system t recreate different laughs in prper scial cntexts. (笑声有多种形式，从礼貌而安静的笑声到开怀大笑。科学家们现在正在开发一种人工智能系统，在适当的社交环境中重现不同的笑声)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要介绍科学家正在研究一款拥有可以笑的机器人。所以C项Laughing rbts are rund the crner.（会笑的机器人即将问世）为最佳标题。故选C项。
Passage 5
（23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）Envelped by histry, style and culture, the City f Light has mre than enugh t draw visitrs all year arund. But there are certain times f year when a trip t Paris can be extra-special.
Paris Fashin Week
When: Men June/July; wmen March and September/Octber
In 1943 the wrld’s first “fashin week” tk place in New Yrk. The idea? T ffer the Big Apple’s fashin buyers alternatives t the French dresses they were missing ut n during the war. Tday Paris can claim t be the wrld’s style capital, with peple puring t its annual fashin weeks. Wear yur best dress arund the Tuileries Garden and a street-style phtgrapher may even stp yu fr a sht.
Music Festival
When: June
The streets f Paris cme alive with the sund f music every June as free parties and cncerts ring thrughut the city. The Arab Wrld Institute, the Luvre and Place Denfert-Rchereau are amng the best party spts-thugh we recmmend simply wandering. Expect surprises arund every crner.
Bastille Day
When: July
On July 14 France marks the strming f the Bastille prisn — a turning pint in the French Revlutin. In the mrning crwds gather t watch a military parade alng the Champs Elysees. Cme evening, up t a millin peple gather as firewrks are set ff frm the base f the Eiffel Twer. Advantageus psitin? The tp f the Belville Park. Get dwn early and bring a picnic chair.
Grape Harvest Festival
When: Octber
Yu may have drpped by the Mntmartre Museum. But what abut the private grape plantatin arund the back f Paris’s hilliest neighbrhd? Every year lcals cme tgether t celebrate the distinctive grape wine prduced here. There’s a charity wine sale, dance parties and, f curse, plenty f tasting.
16．What was the purpse f the wrld’s first “fashin week” in New Yrk?
A．T prmte American fashin designers.B．T display the upcming fashin cllectins.
C．T satisfy the fashin needs f New Yrkers.D．T shw the develpment f fashin industry.
17．What can yu d at Mntmartre Grape Harvest Festival?
A．Raise funds fr charity.B．Jin mask dancing parties.
C．Appreciate lcal artwrk.D．Try different kinds f wine.
18．At which place can yu expect t find free parties in Paris in June?
A．The Tuileries Garden.B．Place Denfert-Rchereau.
C．The Champs Elysees.D．The Belville Park.
【答案】16．C 17．D 18．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了巴黎一年四季中四个特别适合游览的时间点及其特色活动，分别是巴黎时装周、音乐节、巴士底日庆祝活动和蒙马特葡萄丰收节，旨在吸引游客在这些特定时间来感受不一样的巴黎风情与文化活动。
16．细节理解题。根据Paris Fashin Week标题下的“T ffer the Big Apple’s fashin buyers alternatives t the French dresses they were missing ut n during the war.(为大苹果公司的时尚买家提供替代品，以取代他们在战争期间错过的法国礼服)”可知，第一次“时装周”在纽约举办的目的在于满足由于战争期间无法获取法国服装而产生的当地时尚买家的需求。故选C。
17．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Every year lcals cme tgether t celebrate the distinctive grape wine prduced here. There’s a charity wine sale, dance parties and, f curse, plenty f tasting.(每年当地人都会聚集在一起庆祝这里出产的与众不同的葡萄酒。这里有慈善义卖葡萄酒、舞会，当然还有很多品尝活动)”可知，在蒙马特葡萄丰收节上，游客可以参与慈善葡萄酒销售活动、舞会，并且当然可以品尝到各种各样的本地葡萄酒。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据Music Festival标题下的“The streets f Paris cme alive with the sund f music every June as free parties and cncerts ring thrughut the city. The Arab Wrld Institute, the Luvre and Place Denfert-Rchereau are amng the best party spts-thugh we recmmend simply wandering. (每年六月，随着免费派对和音乐会在整个城市响起，巴黎的街道上都充满了音乐的气息。阿拉伯世界研究所、卢浮宫和罗切罗广场是最好的派对地点之一，尽管我们建议您只是闲逛一下)”可知，在六月，在巴黎罗切罗广场可以参加免费的派对。故选B。
Passage 6
（21-22高二下·江苏南京·期中）Running and walking are bth excellent frms f exercise. Thse wh regularly d either usually have healthier hearts, strnger bnes and lwer bdy weights than thse wh d little exercise. But des it matter whether yu spend time walking r running? Arguments can be made fr bth, and which is right fr yu depends n yur gals and yur present fitness level.
“The key difference between running and walking is hw many calries yu are burning — nt per mile, but per minute f exercise,” says Paul D．Thmpsn, a dctr at Hartfrd Hspital. “Running is a mre efficient mvement and it’s mre demanding n the bdy, s it burns mre calries per minute,” Thmpsn says. “But if yu’ve gt the time t walk lng enugh t burn the same amunt f calries, then walking is fine.” That said, if yur final gal is t lse weight, chances are that neither running nr walking alne is ging t d the trick. Research has shwn that it needs t be dne alng with calrie cntrl.
In a recent study that analyzed data frm nearly 50, 000 peple, researchers fund that runners’risk f heart disease was 4.5 percent lwer than that f thse wh were inactive. But walkers wh burned the same amunt f calries daily had a risk level that was 9 percent lwer than thse wh were inactive.
“Running gets the reputatin fr causing injuries because many peple wh are just starting t run try t d t much t quickly,” says Carl Ewing Garber, a prfessr at Clumbia University. “And they ften get injured as a result. If yu want t prgress frm walking t running, d it slwly, gradually increasing yur speed, distance and the frequency f yur runs?”
Running may be mre highly-intense and calrie-burning than walking, but walking is a great way t ease int exercise and make sure yu are staying physically active every day. The bttm line is that getting exercise f any kind is beneficial — if yu keep ding it.
“The best exercise is the ne yu are ging t d,” Thmpsn says. “There are extra benefits t be gained frm running, but what’s mst imprtant frm a public health pint f view is that everyne gets ut and des sme kind f exercise?”
19．What can we infer frm Paragraph 2?
A．Walking is mre demanding n the bdy.
B．Walking is better than running fr busy peple.
C．Running can reduce peple’s fat quickly and safely.
D．Exercise n its wn is nt enugh t lse weight.
20．What can we learn frm the recent study?
A．Walking can reduce the risk f having heart disease.
B．Walkers are mre likely t get heart disease than runners.
C．Running burns fewer calries than walking.
D．Inactive peple are free frm heart prblems.
21．Which f the fllwing wuld Thmpsn mst prbably agree with?
A．We’d better walk slwly.
B．Any exercise is better than nne.
C．We’d better chse t run.
D．Just walk befre yu run.
【答案】19．D 20．A 21．B
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步和散步都是很好的锻炼方式。那些经常锻炼的人通常比那些很少锻炼的人心脏更健康，骨骼更强壮，体重更轻。但是走路还是跑步哪种方法更适合你取决于你的目标和你目前的健康水平。
19．推理判断题。根据第二段中“That said, if yur final gal is t lse weight, chances are that neither running nr walking alne is ging t d the trick. Research has shwn that it needs t be dne alng with calrie cntrl.(也就是说，如果你的最终目标是减肥，那么很有可能无论是跑步还是步行都无法达到减肥的目的。研究表明，这需要与控制卡路里一起进行)”可知，光靠运动不足以减肥。故选D。
20．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a recent study that analyzed data frm nearly 50, 000 peple, researchers fund that runners’risk f heart disease was 4.5 percent lwer than that f thse wh were inactive. But walkers wh burned the same amunt f calries daily had a risk level that was 9 percent lwer than thse wh were inactive.(在最近的一项研究中，研究人员分析了近5万人的数据，发现跑步者患心脏病的风险比那些不运动的人低4.5%。但是，每天消耗相同热量的步行者的风险水平比不运动的人低9%)”可知，散步可以降低患心脏病的风险。故选A。
21．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““The best exercise is the ne yu are ging t d,” Thmpsn says. “There are extra benefits t be gained frm running, but what’s mst imprtant frm a public health pint f view is that everyne gets ut and des sme kind f exercise?”(“最好的运动就是你要去做的，”汤普森说。“跑步有额外的好处，但从公共卫生的角度来看，最重要的是每个人都走出去做点运动。”)”可知，汤普森认为跑步有额外的好处，但是最重要的每个人都应该做点运动，这对健康有益；由此可知，汤普森最可能同意B选项“Any exercise is better than nne.(任何运动都比不运动好。)”这一观点。故选B。
Passage 7
（21-22高二下·江苏南京·期中）Insect numbers have plunged (骤降) by half in sme parts f the wrld due t climate change and intensive agriculture, a study has fund. The cmbined pressures f glbal heating and farming are driving a “substantial decline” f insects acrss the glbe, accrding t UK researchers. They say we must acknwledge the threats we pse t insects, befre sme species are lst frever. But preserving habitat fr nature culd help ensure vital insects thrive.
Lead researcher, Dr Charlie Outhwaite f UCL, said lsing insect ppulatins culd be harmful nt nly t the natural envirnment, but t “human health and fd security, particularly with lsses f pllinatrs(传粉昆虫)”. “Our findings highlight the urgency f actins t preserve natural habitats, slw the expansin f high-intensity agriculture, and cut emissins t mitigate climate change,” she added.
Plummeting ppulatins f insects arund the wrld — a s-called “insect apcalypse” — have caused widespread cncern. Hwever, scientific data gives a mixed picture, with sme types f insects shwing sharp declines, while thers are staying steady. In the latest study, the researchers pulled tgether data n the range and number f nearly 20,000 insect species, including bees, ants, butterflies, grasshppers and dragnflies, at abut 6,000 different lcatins. In areas with high-intensity agriculture and substantial warming, insect numbers have plunged by 49% and the number f different species by 27%, cmpared with relatively untuched places that have s far avided the mst severe impacts f climate change, accrding t the research published in Nature.
But the researchers said there was sme cause fr hpe in that setting aside areas f land fr nature created a shelter fr insects, which need shade t survive in ht weather. “Careful management f agricultural areas, such as preserving natural habitats near farmland, may help t ensure that vital insects can still thrive,” said Dr. Tim Newbld, als f UCL.
Study researcher, Peter MeCann, added: “We need t acknwledge hw imprtant insects are fr the envirnment as a whle, and fr human health and wellbeing, in rder t address the threats we pse t them befre many species are lst frever.”
22．What caused the number f insects t decrease quickly?
A．The natural law f survival f the fittest.B．Imprvement f human envirnment.
C．Glbal heating and farming.D．Destructin f the fd chain f insects.
23．What des the underlined wrd “mitigate” in paragraph 6 mean?
A．releaseB．stpC．relieveD．prevent
24．What d the researchers agree abut?
A．Nt all types f insects shw decline in numbers.
B．The number f insects in untuched places shws the mst severe decline.
C．There is n need t set aside areas f land fr nature.
D．Careful management f agriculture areas can help all the insects thrive.
25．What is the purpse f this passage?
A．T stress the effect f glbal warming.
B．T aruse peple’s cncern fr the decline f insect numbers.
C．T shw the relatinship between insects and human beings.
D．T present the prcess f the research.
【答案】22．C 23．C 24．A 25．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了气候变化和过度农业对昆虫数量的影响。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段“The cmbined pressures f glbal heating and farming are driving a “substantial decline” f insects acrss the glbe, accrding t UK researchers.(英国研究人员称，全球变暖和农业的共同压力正在导致全球昆虫数量“大幅下降”)”可知，全球变暖和农业导致昆虫的数量迅速减少。故选C。
23．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Our findings highlight the urgency f actins t preserve natural habitats, slw the expansin f high-intensity agriculture, and cut emissins t”可知，研究结果强调了采取行动保护自然栖息地、减缓高强度农业扩张、减少排放，这些都是为了缓解气候变化的紧迫性。故划线词意思是“缓解”。故选C。
24．细节理解题。根据第三段“Hwever, scientific data gives a mixed picture, with sme types f insects shwing sharp declines, while thers are staying steady.(然而，科学数据给出了一个喜忧参半的画面，一些类型的昆虫急剧下降，而另一些则保持稳定)”可知，研究人员认为不是所有种类的昆虫数量都在下降。故选A。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“Insect numbers have plunged (骤降) by half in sme parts f the wrld due t climate change and intensive agriculture, a study has fund.(一项研究发现，由于气候变化和集约化农业，世界上一些地区的昆虫数量下降了一半)”以及最后一段“Study researcher, Peter MeCann, added: “We need t acknwledge hw imprtant insects are fr the envirnment as a whle, and fr human health and wellbeing, in rder t address the threats we pse t them befre many species are lst frever.”(研究人员Peter MeCann补充说:“我们需要认识到昆虫对整个环境以及人类健康和福祉的重要性，以便在许多物种永远消失之前解决我们对它们构成的威胁。”)”结合文章主要介绍了气候变化和过度农业对昆虫数量的影响。可知，这篇文章的目的是引起人们对昆虫数量下降的关注。故选B。
Passage 8
（22-23高二下·山东临沂·期中）The summer vacatin is drawing near. Here we have prepared a visual feast fr ur bys and girls. Let’s feast ur eyes first.
Jurassic Wrld Dminin
It is the final film in the secnd trilgy f din-mvies, and it’s the first ne which really deserves t be called “Jurassic Wrld” rather than “Jurassic Park”. Yes, prehistric dinsaurs are ut and abut in the wild this time, rather than being stuck in a theme park.
Directr: Clin Trevrrw
Official Cmpetitin
Cruz and Banderas have been tw f Spanish cinema’s famus superstars fr decades, and yet have nly rarely acted n the screen tgether. Nw, nce again, that wrng has been righted by Official Cmpetitin. Cruz is an art-huse directr wh is adapting a Nbel-Prize-winning nvel in the film. Banderas plays a dull Hllywd actin her wh is hired t star in it.
Directr: Marian Chn & Gastn Duprat
Brian and Charles
Nt a typical science-fictin mvie, Brian and Charles is a lw-budget, lw-key British cmedy starring and c-written by David Earl, a regular in Ricky Gervais’s sitcms. “Brian and Charles is this year’s sweetest film by a cuntry mile,” says Cry. “It’s like Edgar Wright’s The Mighty Bsh prject thrwn int a cttn-candy machine, and it is als ne f the mst surprising films abut being a parent, even when yur sn is a 7-feet-tall rbt wh lves cabbages.”
Directr: Jim Archer
Lightyear
After fur Ty Stry films, everyne’s favurite space ranger actin figure, Buzz Lightyear, gets t leave Wdy and friends behind, and g ff n an adventure n his wn. Or s yu might assume s. In fact, the latest Pixar cartn isn’t abut the ty.
Directr: Angus MacLane
26．Which f the fllwing is right abut Jurassic Wrld Dminin?
A．It is the same with ther nes abut “Jurassic Park”.
B．Dinsaurs in the film live in the nature.
C．Dinsaurs are in danger in the film.
D．It is the last film f the series films.
27．In the film Official Cmpetitin, what des Cruz d?
A．A famus superstar.B．An actin her.C．A directr.D．A nvelist.
28．Which film is a cartn?
A．Jurassic Wrld Dminin.B．Official Cmpetitin.
C．Brian and Charles.D．Lightyear.
【答案】26．B 27．C 28．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四部值得观看的电影。
26．细节理解题。由Jurassic Wrld Dminin中“Yes, prehistric dinsaurs are ut and abut in the wild this time, rather than being stuck in a theme park. (是的，史前恐龙这次是在野外活动，而不是被困在主题公园里)”可知，在电影Jurassic Wrld Dminin中，恐龙生活在大自然中，B项正确。故选B项。
27．细节理解题。由Official Cmpetitin中“Cruz is an art-huse directr wh is adapting a Nbel-Prize-winning nvel in the film. (Cruz是一位艺术工作室的导演，他在电影中改编了一部诺贝尔奖获奖小说)”可知，Cruz在电影Official Cmpetitin中是一位导演。故选C项。
28．细节理解题。由Lightyear中“In fact, the latest Pixar cartn isn’t abut the ty. (事实上，皮克斯最新的动画片并不是关于玩具的)”可知，电影Lightyear是动画片。故选D项。
Passage 9
（23-24高二上·湖北襄阳·期中）There are just tw species f flwering plant native t the Antarctic peninsula (半岛), which are nw grwing at recrd rates as temperatures rise and ice begins t melt, accrding t a new study. One is Antarctic hair grass, which grew as much in 2009—2019 as it had in the previus 50 years; the ther is Antarctic pearl wrt, which has seen the speed f grwth increase five times ver the same perid.
A team led by Nicletta Cannne, a researcher frm the University f Insubria, Italy, measured the grwth f Antarctica’s tw native plants at sites n Signy Island. The results were shcking: the sites have nt nly seen faster grwth, but they have becme mre densely ppulated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has gt warmer.
Accrding t nnprfit Discvering Antarctica, the regin’s temperatures have warmed by an average f 3°C as a result f human-caused climate change, meaning nce stable ice shelves are nw narrwing dwn. In sme parts, that has given way t land nw habitable t the tw plant species.
Peter Cnvey, at the British Antarctic Survey, tld the New Scientist: “The mst nvel feature f this is nt that smething is grwing faster but that we’re starting t see what is almst like a step change r a tipping pint.” And Matthew Davey, at the Scttish Assciatin fr Marine Science in Oban, UK, added: “Increasing expansin is nw clearly evident in the regin. This research gives us the first all-sided data shwing hw fast and hw dense the plant cmmunity may expand.”
The researchers acknwledged there culd be ther factrs at play causing the plants’ grwth, such as the decreasing fur seal ppulatin—but this als is linked t climate change. Meanwhile, as the land becmes mre habitable, nn-native species culd als ccupy the land and grw mre than native plants, which culd in turn destabilize lng-established lcal ecsystems.
“If we estimate what we bserved n Signy Island t ther sites in Antarctica, a similar prcess can als ccur,” said Cannne “This means the Antarctic landscape and bidiversity culd change rapidly. And that really cncerns all.”
29．Accrding t the article, what factrs play a rle in the fast grwth f the tw native plants?
A．The climate getting warmer.
B．The fur seal ppulatin rising.
C．The nn-native plants ccupying the land.
D．The quality f the sil f the land imprving.
30．What des the underlined wrd “destabilize” mean in the last paragraph but ne?
A．Strengthen.B．Change.C．Benefit.D．Narrw.
31．What’s the researchers’ main cncern regarding the grwth f flwering plants in Antarctica?
A．The decrease f fur seal ppulatin.
B．The ccupatin f nn-native species.
C．The impact f human-caused climate change.
D．The rapid change in Antarctic landscape and bidiversity.
32．Which f the fllwing is the suitable title fr the text?
A．Scientists Wrking in Antarctica.
B．Native Flwering Plants in Antarctica.
C．The Effect f Glbal Warming n Antarctica.
D．Nn-native Plant Species in Antarctica.
【答案】29．A 30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明全球变暖给南极洲带来了影响。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段的“There are just tw species f flwering plant native t the Antarctic peninsula(半岛), which are nw grwing at recrd rates as temperatures rise and ice begins t melt, accrding t a new study.( 根据一项新的研究，两种原产于南极半岛的开花植物，随着气温上升和冰开始融化，它们正以创纪录的速度生长。)”可知，气温变暖使得这两种原生植物生长得如此之快。故选A。
30．词句猜测题。分析句子可知，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句“Meanwhile, as the land becmes mre habitable, nn-native species culd als ccupy the land and grw mre than native plants(同时，随着土地变得更适合居住，非本地物种也可能占据土地，比本地植物生长得更多)”，因此推断，非本土植物生长过快会改变本地长期建立的生态系统。故划线词与B项意思一致。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段““If we estimate what we bserved n Signy Island t ther sites in Antarctica, a similar prcess can als ccur,” said Cannne “This means the Antarctic landscape and bidiversity culd change rapidly. And that really cncerns all.”(“如果我们把我们在西格尼岛观察到的情况估计到南极洲的其他地方，类似的过程也会发生，”坎农说，“这意味着南极的景观和生物多样性可能会迅速改变。”这确实关系到所有人。”)”可知，研究人员对南极洲开花植物生长的主要担心是南极景观和生物多样性的快速变化。故选D。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段的“There are just tw species f flwering plant native t the Antarctic peninsula(半岛), which are nw grwing at recrd rates as temperatures rise and ice begins t melt, accrding t a new study.( 根据一项新的研究，有两种原产于南极半岛的开花植物，随着气温上升和冰开始融化，它们正以创纪录的速度生长。)”，第二段的“The results were shcking: the sites have nt nly seen faster grwth, but they have becme mre densely ppulated by the plants each year, which indicates the climate has gt warmer.( 结果令人震惊：这些地点不仅生长速度更快，而且每年植物的密度也越来越大，这表明气候正在变暖。)”和下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了全球变暖给南极带来的影响。因此C项“全球变暖对南极洲的影响。”适合用作本文的标题。故选C。
Passage 10
（23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Accrding t Hainan 30-day visa-free access plan, freign citizens hlding the passprt f 59 qualifying cuntries can have 30 days visa-free entry t Hainan if received by travel agencies. During the stay, they can travel in the whle Hainan Prvince withut a Chinese visa.
Qualified Prts fr Hainan 30-Day Visa-Free Access
Haiku Meilan Internatinal Airprt, San ya Phenix Internatinal Airprt and all ship prts are qualified prts fr this 30 days visa exemptin.
Airprts Cntact Infrmatin
•Haiku Meilan Internatinal Airprt:0898-65760114
•Sanya Phenix Internatinal Airprt:0898-88289390
Areas Allwed t Stay — the Whle Hainan Prvince
Freigners with the Hainan 30-day free visa can travel inside Hainan Prvince. Ging t mainland China frm Hainan is nt allwed if nt having a prper visa. Thse wishing t visit mainland China, r extend their stay in Hainan, can ask their travel agency t help them apply fr a regular Chinese visa.
Hw t Apply fr Hainan 30-Day Visa-Free Access
Requirements:
•Valid Passprt/Travel Dcument Valid fr at Least 3 Mnths frm the Date f Entry
•Tickets fr Rund-trip Internatinal Flight r Cruise Ships
•Htel Bkings
•Travel Plan t Hainan
Registering Yurself with a Lcal Travel Agency Is a Must
Independent travelers cannt apply fr the Hainan 30-day free visa n their wn. This needs t be dne thrugh a travel agency in China. Visitrs can submit the abve infrmatin t the travel agency at least 48 hurs befre their arrival, and then the agency will apply fr the visa-free entry n their behalf frm the lcal Exit and Entry Administratin f Hainan.
33．Wh can apply fr a Hainan 30-day free visa?
A．Freigners with a valid passprtB．Anyne with a Chinese visa.
C．Freigners wh lve China and travelling.D．Thse wishing t visit Hainan.
34．Which is NOT necessary when applying fr a Hainan 30-day free visa?
A．Htel bkings.B．A travel plan t Hainan.
C．Tickets fr ships.D．A lcal travel agency.
35．What can freigners with a Hainan 30-day free visa d?
A．They can live in sme htels fr freB．They can extend their stay in Hainan.
C．They are allwed t g t mainland China.D．They can nly travel inside Hainan Prvince.
【答案】33．A 34．C 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了“海南30天免签计划”申请所需要的条件、适用范围和权限等。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Accrding t Hainan 30-day visa-free access plan, freign citizens hlding the passprt f 59 qualifying cuntries can have 30 days visa-free entry t Hainan if received by travel agencies. (根据海南30天免签计划，持59个符合条件国家护照的外国公民，经旅行社受理后，可免签入境海南30天。)”可知，持有59个符合条件国家护照的外国公民均可以申请海南30天免签。故选A项。
34．细节理解题。根据标题“Hw t Apply fr Hainan 30-Day Visa-Free Access”下的“Requirements: Valid Passprt/Travel Dcument Valid fr at Least 3 Mnths frm the Date f Entry；Tickets fr Rund-trip Internatinal Flight r Cruise Ships；Htel Bkings；Travel Plan t Hainan；(需要“自入境之日起至少3个月有效的护照/旅行证件；往返国际航班或游轮票；酒店预订；海南旅游计划”)”可知，往返的国际船票和游轮票可以二选一，船票不是必须的，故选C项。
35．细节理解题。根据标题“Areas Allwed t Stay — the Whle Hainan Prvince”下的“Freigners with the Hainan 30-day free visa can travel inside Hainan Prvince. Ging t mainland China frm Hainan is nt allwed if nt having a prper visa. Thse wishing t visit mainland China, r extend their stay in Hainan, can ask their travel agency t help them apply fr a regular Chinese visa. (持有海南30天免签证的外国人可以在海南省内旅游。如果没有适当的签证，则不允许从海南前往中国大陆。有意到中国大陆旅游或延长在海南逗留的人士，可请旅行社协助办理中国普通签证。)”可知，持有海南30天免签证的外国人只能在海南省内旅游，去大陆还要申请普通签证。故选D项。
Passage 11
（23-24高二上·山东聊城·期中）Ging fr a picnic is a gd experience t be in nature, but it’s terrible t have a picnic that will d harm t the envirnment. Here are sme ways t keep yur picnic green.
Use reusable plates and cups. Yu dn’t need t wash dispsable (—次性的) plates and cups because they pllute the envirnment. It’s greener and cheaper t bring metal plates and cups frm hme. After the picnic, yu can take them hme and wash them.
Try t buy fd frm lcal farmers’ markets. In general, if yu bring less fd fr yur picnic, yu’ll create less pllutin.
Try t have an all-vegetarian picnic. Mdern prductin f meat uses lts f energy and creates lts f pllutin.
Instead f driving, ride a bike r walk t the park. If the park yu want t visit is t far frm yur hme, yu can take public transprtatin like buses r subways.
After yur picnic, remember t pick up all yur trash. Try t keep the picnic area clean. If pssible, try nt t create any trash at all and reuse whatever yu can.
36．It’s ________ t have a picnic that will d harm t the envirnment.
A．gdB．usefulC．badD．pssible
37．Hw many ways can we keep the picnic clean frm the passage?
A．Three.B．Fur.C．Five.D．Six.
38．Why shuld we bring sme metal plates and cups t have a picnic?
A．Because they are very hard.
B．Because we can bring them hme t reuse them after washing them.
C．Because they are cheap.
D．Because they lk nice.
39．If we want t bring less fd fr yur picnic t create less pllutin, we’d better ________.
A．buy the fd frm the big shp in the city
B．buy the fd frm lcal farmers’ markets
C．buy the fd frm the supermarket near yur huse
D．buy the fd frm the restaurants in the city
40．After yur picnic, dn’t frget t ________.
A．pick up all yur trash
B．try t keep the picnic area clean, if pssible
C．try nt t create any trash at all
D．Abve all.
【答案】36．C 37．C 38．B 39．B 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是如何让野餐更环保。
36．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Ging fr a picnic is a gd experience t be in nature, but it’s terrible t have a picnic that will d harm t the envirnment. (去野餐在大自然中是一种很好的经历，但是对环境造成危害的野餐会是很可怕的。)”可知，对环境有害的野餐是不好的，故选C。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段“Use reusable plates and cups. (使用可重复使用的盘子和杯子。)”，第三段“Try t buy fd frm lcal farmers’ markets. (尽量从当地农贸市场购买食物。)”，第四段“Try t have an all-vegetarian picnic. (试着来一次全素食的野餐。)”，第五段“Instead f driving, ride a bike r walk t the park. (不要开车，骑自行车或步行去公园。)”和最后一段“After yur picnic, remember t pick up all yur trash. (野餐后，记得把所有的垃圾捡起来。)”可知，有五种方法可以让野餐保持干净，不造成污染，故选C。
38．细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s greener and cheaper t bring metal plates and cups frm hme. After the picnic, yu can take them hme and wash them. (从家里带金属盘子和杯子更环保，也更便宜。野餐后，你可以把它们带回家洗一洗。)”可知，我们要带一些金属盘子和杯子去野餐是因为我们可以把它们带回家，在洗完后重复使用。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据第三段“Try t buy fd frm lcal farmers’ markets. In general, if yu bring less fd fr yur picnic, yu’ll create less pllutin. (尽量从当地农贸市场购买食物。一般来说，如果你在野餐时少带些食物，就会减少污染。)”可知，如果我们想带更少的食物去野餐，以减少污染，我们最好从当地农贸市场购买食物。故选B。
40．细节理解题。根据最后一段“After yur picnic, remember t pick up all yur trash. Try t keep the picnic area clean. If pssible, try nt t create any trash at all and reuse whatever yu can. (野餐后，记得把所有的垃圾捡起来。尽量保持野餐区清洁。如果可能的话，尽量不制造任何垃圾，尽可能重复使用。)”可知，野餐后，别忘了把你所有的垃圾捡起来，如果可能的话，尽量保持野餐区域的清洁和尽量不要创造任何垃圾，故选D。
Passage 12
（22-23高二上·湖北·期中）Zhu Dejun’s first jb after graduating frm cllege was as a rad design engineer in his hmetwn, Alshaa League, Nrth Chin’s Inner Mnglia autnmus regin(内蒙古自治区). In 2011, when Zhu was cnducting a rad survey alng with his clleagues, he saw a plant that he didn’t recgnize. Later, Zhu learned that the plant was a saxaul (灌木梭梭) tree which is an excellent tree species fr sand fixatin and affrestatin (造林) in desert areas. Knwn as a desert guardian, a fully grwn saxaul tree can hld tgether a 10-square-meter patch f desert land, accrding t Zhu.
Zhu quit (辞去) his jb at the design institute in 2014 and jined a nnprfit rganizatin, the Sciety f Entrepreneurs and Eclgy Cnservatin, r SEE, in the same year, cncentrating n dealing with desertificatin (沙漠化) .During the past eight years, Zhu has been leading a team frm SEE t plant saxaul trees in sandy areas in Alshaa League and ther places f Inner Mnglia.
In 2014, the SEE launched a prject titled “ne millin saxaul trees”, aiming t reach that number frm 2014 t 2023, turning the desert f mre than 133, 330 hectares (公顷) back int a satisfying ecsystem. By the end f 2018, half f the rganizatin’s gal had been achieved. In 2016, Ant Finance cperated with SEE t intrduce the Ant Frest platfrm, nt nly encuraging peple t chse “a lw-carbn way” f shpping, traveling and living, but als t help cntrl desertificatin.
Thrugh the participatin f a greater number f nline users, wh grw virtual trees, the SEE Fundatin, set up in 2008, has been prviding subsidies (补助金) fr lcal herdsmen and farmers while als ffering technlgical supprt t plant saxaul trees in desert areas. Nw, Zhu is the head f the fundatin’s prject t fight desertificatin. He als gives lectures abut saxaul trees and the fight against desertificatin at schls, hping t raise awareness amng yung peple.
41．What did Zhu Dejun d first after graduatin?
A．Here searched n saxaul trees.
B．He jined a nnprfit rganizatin.
C．He fund ways t fight desertificatin.
D．He fcused n rad design engineering.
42．Why are saxual trees planted by Zhu’s team?
A．They are easily taken care f.
B．They can grw fast in deserts.
C．They are perfect fr hlding water.
D．They can fight desertificatin effectively.
43．What did SEE d t cntrl desertificatin?
A．They teamed up with Ant Finance.
B．They planted ne millin saxaul trees.
C．They held nline lectures n desertificatin.
D．They encuraged dnatin frm nline users.
44．Hw can nline users help Zhu’s team?
A．By prviding subsidies.B．By raising awareness.
C．By planting trees nline.D．By ffering technlgical supprt.
【答案】41．D 42．D 43．A 44．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朱德军以及他的同事们种植灌木梭梭，努力对抗沙漠化，保护环境的故事。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Zhu Dejun’s first jb after graduating frm cllege was as a rad design engineer in his hmetwn, Alshaa League, Nrth Chin’s Inner Mnglia autnmus regin.(朱德军大学毕业后的第一份工作是在他的家乡内蒙古自治区阿尔沙盟当道路设计工程师)”可知，朱德军毕业后专注于道路设计工程。故选D项。
42．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Zhu quit his jb at the design institute in 2014 and jined a nnprfit rganizatin, the Sciety f Entrepreneurs and Eclgy Cnservatin, r SEE, in the same year, cncentrating n dealing with desertificatin.(朱于2014年辞去了设计院的工作，同年加入了一个非营利组织——企业家与生态保护协会，专注于应对沙漠化)”可知，朱的团队种植灌木梭梭是为了有效地防治沙漠化。故选D项。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In 2016, Ant Finance cperated with SEE t intrduce the Ant Frest platfrm, nt nly encuraging peple t chse “a lw-carbn way” f shpping, traveling and living, but als t help cntrl desertificatin.(2016年，蚂蚁金服与SEE合作推出了蚂蚁森林平台，不仅鼓励人们选择“低碳的购物、旅行和生活方式”，还帮助控制沙漠化)”可知，他们与蚂蚁金服合作来控制沙漠化。故选A项。
44．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Thrugh the participatin f a greater number f nline users, wh grw virtual trees, the SEE Fundatin, set up in 2008, has been prviding subsidies fr lcal herdsmen and farmers while als ffering technlgical supprt t plant saxaul trees in desert areas. (通过更多种植虚拟树木的在线用户的参与，SEE基金会成立于2008年，一直在为当地牧民和农民提供补贴，同时也为在沙漠地区种植灌木梭梭提供技术支持)”可知，在线用户可以通过在线植树来帮助朱的团队。故选C项。
Passage 13
（23-24高二下·江西·阶段练习）Christ Mcked, by the Flrentine master Cimabue, was sld at auctin(拍卖)fr €24 millin in 2019. But the Chilean buyers never gt t include the wrk in their cllectin because the French gvernment refused t give it an exprt licence.
Ministers declared the painting a natinal treasure, fficially giving the Luvre 30 mnths t raise the funds fr its purchase. The Luvre recently reached an agreement with the wners.
Laurence des Cars, the president f the Luvre, said it was a “great jy” t have acquired the painting, which “cnstitutes a crucial landmark in the histry f art”. The museum did nt say hw much it had paid, nr wh had sld the painting, which will be exhibited in 2025.
The painting was sptted fur years ag by Philmene Wlf, an auctineer, when she was asked t assess the cntent s f a huse that was being cleared. The wner, in her nineties, thught it was a painting frm Russia f n value and was preparing t put it in the dustbin.
Wlf was struck by its quality and guessed that it culd be Italian. Experts using mdern technlgy cnfirmed that it was by Cimabue, wh is widely regarded as having pened the gateway t Renaissance art. It is believed t date frm 1280. Christ Mcked is ne f abut 15 knwn Cimabue’s wrks.
The Luvre launched an appeal n Tuesday fr dnatins t buy anther painting, The Basket f Wild Strawberries by Jean Simen Chardin, the 18th-century French still life(静物画)master. The wrk, which was first exhibited in 1761, was in a private cllectin frm the 19th century until last year, when it was sld fr €24.3 millin t an American art museum at an auctin in Paris.
Luckily, many grups and individuals dnated tw-thirds f the sum. The museum must pay the remaining € 8 millin and is hping that members f the public will help t ease the burden by respnding t its appeal, which aims t raise € 1.3 millin.
45．What can we knw abut Christ Mcked?
A．It is a painting frm Russia.
B．It was discvered by Cimabue.
C．It is seen as a treasure f France.
D．It was taken away by Chilean buyers.
46．Which can replace the underlined wrd “cnstitutes” in paragraph 3?
A．Sums up.B．Acts as.C．Finds ut.D．Pints ut.
47．Hw did Wlf get Christ Mcked?
A．She purchased it at auctin.B．Cimabue sent it t her.
C．She gt it frm an ld wman.D．She fund it when she cleaned up.
48．Which can be the best title fr the text?
A．The Painting Christ Mcked Was Sld
B．The Luvre Was Appealing fr Dnatin
C．French Gvernment Takes Back Its Wrds
D．Painting Saved Frm Bin Was t Hang in the Luvre
【答案】45．C 46．B 47．C 48．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了卢浮宫博物馆为防止国宝名画流失而筹集资金回购珍贵的绘画作品——Christ Mcked 并成功将其留在法国。这幅画已被卢浮宫博物馆成功买下，并将于2025年展出。
45． 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Ministers declared the painting a natinal treasure, fficially giving the Luvre 30 mnths t raise the funds fr its purchase.(部长们宣布这幅画为国宝，并正式给予卢浮宫30个月的时间来筹集购买资金。)”可知，这幅画被认定为法国国宝。故选C项。
46．词句猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“Laurence des Cars, the president f the Luvre, said it was a ‘great jy’ t have acquired the painting, which ‘cnstitutes a crucial landmark in the histry f art’. (卢浮宫主席Laurence des Cars表示，获得这幅画是一种‘巨大的喜悦’，这幅画‘ 艺术史上的一个重要里程碑’。)”可知，这句是对这幅画的历史地位的描述，再根据这句前的内容可知，卢浮宫博物馆的馆长认为获得这幅画是一件特别让人高兴的事，因此推断这副画被认为“构成”艺术史上一个至关重要的里程碑。所以猜测cnstitute表“构成，充当”的意思。故选 B项。
47．细节理解题。根据第四段“The painting was sptted fur years ag by Philmene Wlf, an auctineer, when she was asked t assess the cntent s f a huse that was being cleared. The wner, in her nineties, thught it was a painting frm Russia f n value and was preparing t put it in the dustbin.(这幅画是四年前拍卖师Philmene Wlf发现的，当时她被要求评估正在清理的房子的物品。这位90多岁的主人认为这是一幅来自俄罗斯的毫无价值的画，正准备把它放进垃圾箱。)”可知，Wlf是在评估一位老人房子里面清理出来的物品时发现了这幅画，因此她是从一位老人那里得到的。故选C项。
48．主旨大意题。由文章第一段“Christ Mcked, by the Flrentine master Cimabue, was sld at auctin(拍卖)fr €24 millin in 2019. But the Chilean buyers never gt t include the wrk in their cllectin because the French gvernment refused t give it an exprt licence.(2019年，佛罗伦萨大师Cimabue的Christ Mcked在拍卖会上以2400万欧元的价格售出。但智利买家从未将这件作品纳入他们的收藏，因为法国政府拒绝给它出口许可证。)”和第二段“Ministers declared the painting a natinal treasure, fficially giving the Luvre 30 mnths t raise the funds fr its purchase. The Luvre recently reached an agreement with the wners.(部长们宣布这幅画为国宝，并正式给予卢浮宫30个月的时间来筹集购买资金。卢浮宫最近与业主达成协议。)”以及下文可知，文章主要报道了卢浮宫筹钱买下Christ Mcked 这幅珍贵的画作，成功将其留在法国；同时介绍了这幅画差点被扔到垃圾桶但被拍卖师发现的过程。因此推断D选项Painting Saved Frm Bin Was t Hang in the Luvre(从垃圾箱里救出来的画作将被悬挂在卢浮宫)可以作为文章标题。故选D项。
Passage 14
（21-22高二下·江苏南京·期中）China has a histry f thusands f years, which gives it a lt f histrical sites, which include the Summer Place, the Frbidden City, the Terractta Army, the Ptala Palace and the Mga Grtte. All f these are UNESCO Wrld Heritage
The Summer Palace: China’s Largest Imperial Garden
Lcatin: Beijing
The Summer Palace is China’s largest imperial garden. UNESCO added this 300-hectare site t the Wrld Heritage List in 1998. There are numerus stres in Suzhu Street, selling suvenirs like antiques, snacks, silk, jewelry and tea. The shp assistants there are dressed in the cstumes f the Qing Dynasty.
The Terractta Warrirs: First Emperr Qin’s Buried Army
Lcatin: Xi’an
The museum cvers an area f 22,780 square meters. Over 8,000 life-size terractta sldiers and hrses, and mre than 10,000 brnze weapns were unearthed. The Terractta Army is candidate fr the title “eighth wnder f the wrld”
The Ptala Palace: Masterpiece f Tibetan Architecture
Lcatin: Lhasa
It was first built as the palace f Sngtsen Gamp (617-650), funder f the Tu-B Dynasty. After being rebuilt in the 17th century, it was the residence f Dalai Lamas.There are plenty f precius histrical relics in the palace, including ver 10,000 Buddha statues made f gld, silver, jade, wd r clay.
The Mga Grttes:a Hly Land f Buddhist Art
Lcatin: Dunhuang
The Mga Grttes has 735 grttes, 450,000 square meters f mural paintings, 2,415 clred Buddha statues made f clay, and mre than 50,000 histrical relics. All f these make the Mga Grttes the largest and the mst significant land f Buddhist art.
There are sme bestsellers including sme f these histrical sites
●4-Day Lhasa Highlight Tur
●11-Day Classic Wnders Tur — Beijing, Xi’an, Lhasa
●16-Day Memries f China with Yangtze Cruise — Beijing, Xi’an, Yangtze,Shangha
Yu culd always cntact us t tailr yur wn unique tur f China’s histrical sites.
49．Where can yu buy gifts fr yur friend wh is a tea lver?
A．At the Ptala Palace.B．At the Terractta Warrirs.
C．At the Summer Palace.D．At the Mga Grttes.
50．Which f the fllwing items can yu see during 11-Day Classic Wnders Tur EXCEPT .
A．magnificent mural paintingsB．Buddha statues made f jade
C．terractta sldiers and hrsesD．grttes with mural paintings
51．What can we learn frm the passage?
A．The Terractta Warrirs is the eighth wnder f the wrld.
B．The Mga Grttes is the mst imprtant place f Buddhist art.
C．Only three tur packages are available fr turists t chse.
D．The Ptala Palace was first cnstructed fr the residence f Dalai Lamas.
【答案】49．C 50．D 51．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍中国的著名的历史遗迹的相关信息，这些都是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产。
49．细节理解题。根据The Summer Palace这部分的句子“There are numerus stres in Suzhu Street, selling suvenirs like antiques snacks, silk, jewelry and tea.(苏州街上有很多商店，出售古董小吃、丝绸、珠宝和茶叶等纪念品)”可知，你可以在颐和园给喜欢喝茶的朋友买礼物。故选C项。
50． 细节理解题。根据倒数第三行的“11-Day Classic Wnders Tur — Beijing, Xi'an, Lhasa(11天经典奇观游——北京、西安、拉萨)”可知，11天的旅行有北京，西安和拉萨。根据Lcatin: Beijing这部分“The Summer Palace is China's largest imperial garden.c(颐和园是世界上最大的皇家花园)”；Xi‘an这部分的“Over 8,000 life-size terractta sldiers and hrses and mre than 10,000 brnze weapns were unearthed.(出土真人大小的兵马俑8000余件，青铜兵器1万余件)”可知，这里可以看见兵马俑；根据Lasha这部分“including ver 10,000 Buddha statues made r gld, silver,jade, wd r clay.(包括一万多尊金、银、玉、木、泥佛像。这里可以看见玉的佛像)”可知，在为期11天的经典奇观之旅中，你可以看到以下项目：中国最大的皇家园林，玉雕佛像，兵马俑，不是壁画石窟。故选D项。
51．细节理解题。根据最后一部分“All f these make the Mga Grttes the largest and the mst significant land f Buddhist art.(所有这些都使莫高窟成为最大、最重要的佛教艺术之乡)”可知，莫高窟是佛教艺术的重要场所。故选B项。
Passage 15
（23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）Art museums are full f centuries-ld paintings with details f plants that tday give us clues abut evlutin and breeding.
Exhibited at the Metrplitan Museum f Art in New Yrk City, The Harvesters created in 1565 shws farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are. “Nwadays, if yu walk thrugh a wheat field, yu basically see that w heat is abut knee height. The shrt wheat is essentially a cnsequence f breeding frm the secnd half f the 20th century,” said bilgist Ive De Smet.
Accrding t De Smet, wheat is just ne example f hw histrical artwrks can allw us t track the transfrmatin f crps ver time. He has teamed up with art histrian David Vergau wen t seek similar kinds f artwrks arund the wrld.
As friends since childhd, their interest in plants in artwrks began with a visit t a museum in Russia, where they nticed an ld-lking watermeln in an early-7th-century painting. A watermeln is usually believed t be red n the inside. Hwever, that ne appeared t be pale and white. De Smet assured the painter had dne a pr jb. But Verguawen had a different idea. “This is ne f the best painters ever in that era. S, if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have lked like.”
Other paintings revealed that there were bth red and white watermelns grwn in the 17th century. The chemical cmpund that makes watermelns red is lycpene (番茄红素). “There must have been sme srt f mutatin (突变) preventing the accumulatin f that clr. Nw, with all the genetic knwledge that we have f varius plant species, we can lk in mre de tail at hw smething cmes abut.”
De Smet and Verguawen hpe t create an nline research database f histrical plant artwrks. They call fr cntributins f art enthusiasts arund the wrld via the scial media. But they cautin, the surce paintings need t be realistic. “If yu’re ging t use, fr example, Picass’s paintings t try and understand what a pear lked like in the early 20th century, yu might be misled.” Instead, such an attempt culd be fruitless.
52．What can we infer abut wheat frm Paragraph 2?
A．It became shrter and shrter as it evlved.
B．It was abut knee height in the 16th century.
C．It might have had n shrt varieties befre the 1950s.
D．It shwed different heights as farmers’ heights changed.
53．What arused De Smet and Verguswen’s interest in histrical plant artwrks?
A．Their lifelng friendship.B．A white watermeln in a painting.
C．Their prfessinal backgrund.D．An argument ver the best painters.
54．Why is Picass mentined in the last paragraph?
A．T give an example f histrical plant artwrk.
B．T shwcase the cntributins f art enthusiasts.
C．T describe the appearance f a pear in the early 20th century.
D．T emphasize the significance f using realistic surce paintings.
55．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Plant evlutin prgresses thrughut histry.
B．Old art prvides fascinating insights int agriculture.
C．Ancient art demnstrates the presence f white watermelns.
D．Plants serve as a ppular subject in numerus histrical artwrks.
【答案】52．C 53．B 54．D 55．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了生物学家Ive De Smet和艺术史学家David Vergauwen如何通过研究历史艺术品中的植物细节，追踪植物的进化和育种过程。
52．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The shrt wheat is essentially a cnsequence f breeding frm the secnd half f the 20th century(矮小麦本质上是20世纪下半叶育种的结果)”可知，矮小麦是20世纪下半叶育种的结果，因此在20世纪50年代之前可能没有矮秆小麦品种。故选C项。
53．细节理解题。根据第四段中“As friends since childhd, their interest in plants in artwrks began with a visit t a museum in Russia, where they nticed an ld-lking watermeln in an early-7th-century painting. A watermeln is usually believed t be red n the inside. Hwever, that ne appeared t be pale and white.(作为儿时的朋友，他们对艺术品中植物的兴趣始于一次参观俄罗斯的博物馆，在那里他们注意到一幅7世纪早期的画中有一个看起来很老的西瓜。西瓜通常被认为是里面是红色的。然而，那只看起来是淡淡的白色)”可知，画中的白色西瓜激发了德·斯梅特和弗古斯温对历史植物艺术品的兴趣。故选B项。
54．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But they cautin, the surce paintings need t be realistic. “If yu’re ging t use, fr example, Picass’s paintings t try and understand what a pear lked like in the early 20th century, yu might be misled.”(但他们警告说，原始画作必须是真实的。“例如，如果你想用毕加索的画来理解20世纪初的梨是什么样子，你可能会被误导。”)”可知，原始画作必须是写实的。而文中提及毕加索画作是为了说明无法通过非写实作品进行研究，强调使用写实原画的重要性。故选D项。
55．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Art museums are full f centuries-ld paintings with details f plants that tday give us clues abut evlutin and breeding.(艺术博物馆里满是有几百年历史的植物细节画，这些画今天给我们提供了关于进化和繁殖的线索)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了人们通过艺术博物馆里展出的植物细节画，可以获取植物进化与繁殖细节的线索的事实。故“Old Art Offers Interesting Agricultural Infrmatin(古老的艺术提供有趣的农业信息)”是文章主要内容。故选B项。
Passage 16
（23-24高二下·湖北·阶段练习）Yu may have read that light cming int yur eyes sets the bdy’s clck. Similarly, fd changes the clcks in tissues in yur liver, muscles, and fat. Human beings develped t eat nly during daylight, which lasted 12 hurs. That meant we didn’t eat fr 12 hurs a day. Sticking t that plan may help yu stay healthier as well as thinner. Hwever, it’s a surprisingly bad idea t ignre breakfast, eat lunch r dinner late, eat a big bedtime snack, r eat in the middle f the night.
In a study with 776 participants, peple wh ignred breakfast were 80 percent mre likely t have besity (肥胖症). Peple wh ate lunch after 12:30 (r dinner after 21:00) were 60 percent mre likely t have thse extra punds. That was true fr bth men and wmen at different ages and regardless f ther factrs that affect weight including yur diet and exercise habits.
Odd hurs seem t cntribute t uncntrllable eating. When yu eat late at night, yu tend t eat mre. Perhaps driven by hrmne (荷尔蒙) increases, we lng fr sweeter, saltier fd at night, research suggests. In ne study, night eaters ate abut 300 mre calries each day.
“Eating late in the day aggravates reflux, writes Jamie A．Kufman, wh specializes in vice disrders and acid reflux (胃酸倒流). Many f my patients find that eating late makes them suffer mre frm their allergies and diabetes symptms,” he says. “Give yur stmach at least three hurs t digest befre sleeping,” advises Jnathan Aviv, anther specialist in acid reflux.
Eating breakfast late may als increase yur breast cancer risk by abut 17 percent fr every hur yu delay, accrding t a study f nearly 1,200 wmen with breast cancer in Spain, cmpared t mre than 1,300 wmen wh didn’t develp breast cancer. If yu eat late at night, anther research suggests, yu may up the chance f breast cancer ccurrence. While researchers wrk ut the details f hw ur bdy clcks affect digestin and their dwnstream effects, ne pint is clear: Early is better.
56．What can be learned frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．What yu eat makes n difference t yur clcks.
B．Nt eating fr a half day may d gd t yur health.
C．Eating late may be mre harmful than ignring breakfast.
D．Peple gain weight because f their diet and exercise habits.
57．What des the underlined wrd “aggravates” prbably mean?
A．Wrsens.B．Cmfrts.C．CausesD．Imprves.
58．Hw is the result fund in the text?
A．By experimenting n peple f different ages.
B．By summarizing the data frm varius surveys.
C．By cmparing the studies abut the eating disrder.
D．By cncluding sme researches cncerning eating habits.
59．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Ignre Breakfast t Lse Weight.B．Night Eaters Are Much Healthier.
C．Eating Late Is Really Bad fr Yu.D．Eating Mre Damages Bdy Clck.
【答案】56．B 57．A 58．D 59．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了太晚吃东西对身体的危害，并通过相关研究结果加以佐证。
56．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Human beings develped t eat nly during daylight, which lasted 12 hurs. That meant we didn’t eat fr 12 hurs a day. Sticking t that plan may help yu stay healthier as well as thinner. (人类进化到只在白昼进食，白昼持续12小时。这意味着我们一天中有12个小时不吃东西。坚持这个计划可以帮助你保持健康和苗条)”可知，半天不吃东西可能对你的健康有好处。故选B。
57．
词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Many f my patients find that eating late makes them suffer mre frm their allergies and diabetes symptms (我的许多病人发现，吃得晚会让他们更容易出现过敏和糖尿病症状)”可知，吃得晚会让病人更容易出现病症，此处是介绍吃得晚的坏处。由此推知，这会让胃酸反流恶化，画线词意思是“使恶化”。故选A。
58．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“In a study with 776 participants, peple wh ignred breakfast were 80 percent mre likely t have besity (肥胖症). Peple wh ate lunch after 12:30 (r dinner after 21:00) were 60 percent mre likely t have thse extra punds. (在一项有776名参与者的研究中，不吃早餐的人患肥胖症的可能性要高出80%。在12:30之后吃午餐（或21:00之后吃晚餐）的人体重增加的可能性要高出60%)”、第三段中“In ne study, night eaters ate abut 300 mre calries each day. (在一项研究中，晚上吃东西的人每天多摄入300卡路里)”以及最后一段中“Eating breakfast late may als increase yur breast cancer risk by abut 17 percent fr every hur yu delay, accrding t a study f nearly 1,200 wmen with breast cancer in Spain, cmpared t mre than 1,300 wmen wh didn’t develp breast cancer. (根据一项对西班牙近1200名乳腺癌女性的研究，晚吃早餐也可能会使你患乳腺癌的风险增加17%，而没有患乳腺癌的女性则有1300多名)”可知，这些有关饮食习惯的研究都表明吃得晚对健康有害，文章的结论是在总结这些研究的基础上得出的。故选D。
59．
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hwever, it’s a surprisingly bad idea t ignre breakfast, eat lunch r dinner late, eat a big bedtime snack, r eat in the middle f the night. (然而，不吃早餐、午餐或晚餐吃得很晚、睡前吃很多零食或在半夜吃东西，这是一个非常糟糕的主意)”，再结合文章主要说明了太晚吃东西对身体的危害，并通过各种研究结果加以佐证可知，C选项“吃得晚真的对你不好”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Passage 17
（23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）Technlgy seems t discurage slw, immersive reading. Reading n a screen tires yur eyes and makes it harder fr yu t keep yur place. Online writing tends t be mre skimmable than print. The cgnitive neurscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this “new nrm” f skim reading is prducing “an invisible, game-changing transfrmatin” in hw readers prcess wrds. The neurnal circuit (回路) that sustains the brain’s capacity t read nw favrs the rapid absrptin f infrmatin.
We shuldn’t exaggerate this danger. All readers skim. Frm abut the age f nine, ur eyes start t bunce arund the page, reading nly abut a quarter f the wrds prperly, and filling in the gaps by inference. S far, the anxieties have prved t be false alarms. “Quite a few critics have been wrried abut attentin spans lately and see very shrt stries as signs f cultural decline,” the American authr Selvin Brwn wrte. “N ne ever said that pems were evidence f shrt attentin spans.”
And yet the Internet has certainly changed the way we read. Fr a start, it means that there is mre t read, because mre peple than ever are writing. And digital writing is meant fr rapid release and respnse. This mde f writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But ften it treats ther peple’s wrds as smething t be quickly harvested as fdder (素材) t say smething else. Everyne talks ver the tp f everyne else, desperate t be heard.
Perhaps we shuld slw dwn. Reading is cnstantly prmted as a scial gd and surce f persnal achievement. T a slw reader, a piece f writing can nly be fully understd by immersing neself in the wrds. and their slw cmprehensin f a line f thught,
The human need fr this kind f deep reading is t tenacius fr any new technlgy t destry. We ften assume that technlgical change can’t be stpped and happens in ne directin, s that lder media like “dead-tree” bks are kicked ut by newer, mre virtual frms. In practice, lder technlgies can cexist with new nes. The Kindle has nt killed ff the printed bk any mre than the car killed ff the bicycle. We still want t enjy slwly frmed ideas and carefully-chsen wrds. Even in a fast-mving age, there is time fr slw reading.
60．What wuld Selvin Brwn prbably agree?
A．The culture is n the decline.B．Online writing ruins immersive reading.
C．Wrries f attentin spans are unnecessary.D．Reading pems is imprtant t attentin spans.
61．What is TRUE abut digital writing?
A．It lays the fundatin fr fast reading.
B．It cunts n regular interactin with the readers.
C．It requires writers t give up traditinal writing mdes.
D．It causes t much talking and inadequate deep reflectin.
62．What des the underlined wrd “tenacius” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Slwly-changed.B．Fast-advanced.C．Deep-rted.D．Rarely-nticed.
63．Which can be the best title fr this article?
A．Slw Reading: Here t StayB．Immersive Reading: S Wnderful
C．Reading Habits: Cnstantly ChangingD．Digital vs Print: A Life-and-Death Struggle
【答案】60．C 61．D 62．C 63．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者驳斥了科技会妨碍慢阅读这一观点，阐述了对于慢阅读的看法，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对深度慢阅读的需求。
60．推理判断题。根据第二段Selvin Brwn的话“Quite a few critics have been wrried abut attentin spans lately and see very shrt stries as signs f cultural decline,” (最近，相当多的评论家担心人们的注意力持续时间，认为非常短的故事是文化衰落的迹象)”和“N ne ever said that pems were evidence f shrt attentin spans.(但从来没有人说诗歌是注意力持续时间短的证据)”可知，塞尔文·布朗认为诗歌不长，读诗注意力持续时间短，但没有人说读诗是文化衰落的迹象。所以，他会赞同“对注意力持续时间的担忧是不必要的”这一观点，因为即使注意力持续时间很短，如读诗歌，也是一种深度阅读。故选C。
61．推理判断题。根据第三段“And digital writing is meant fr rapid release and respnse. This mde f writing and reading can be interactive and fun. But ften it treats ther peple’s wrds as smething t be quickly harvested as fdder (素材) t say smething else. Everyne talks ver the tp f everyne else, desperate t be heard.(数字写作意味着快速发布和回复。这种写作和阅读模式可以是互动和有趣的。但它经常把别人的话当作可以迅速收获的东西，作为说别的东西的素材。每个人都在别人基础之上说话，渴望被听到)”可知，数字写作把别人的话当作素材。每一个人在别人基础之上发表观点，渴望自己被听到。跟传统的慢速沉浸式阅读相比，数字写作将导致太多的观点的表达，同时缺乏深刻的反思。故选D。
62．词句猜测题。根据下文“We ften assume that technlgical change can’t be stpped and happens in ne directin, s that lder media like “dead-tree” bks are kicked ut by newer, mre virtual frms. In practice, lder technlgies can cexist with new nes. The Kindle has nt killed ff the printed bk any mre than the car killed ff the bicycle.(我们通常认为技术变革是不可阻挡的，而且是单向发生的，所以像“纸质”书这样的老媒体会被更新的、更虚拟的形式所淘汰。实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有消灭印刷书籍，就像汽车没有消灭自行车一样)”可知，新技术并不能淘汰旧技术，它们会并存。所以段首主题句“The human need fr this kind f deep reading is t tenaciusfr any new technlgy t destry.(人类对这种深度阅读的需求是如此tenacius，任何新技术都无法摧毁)”表达了同样的意思。其中划线词tenacius指的是“根深蒂固的”，与deep-rted同义。故选C。
63．主旨大意题。第一段中“Technlgy seems t discurage slw, immersive reading.(科技似乎阻碍了慢速的沉浸式阅读)”提出一种观点：科技影响了慢阅读。结合第二段中“We shuldn’t verplay this danger. (我们不应该夸大这种危险)”和最后一段中“In practice, lder technlgies can cexist with new nes. The Kindle has nt killed ff the printed bk any mre than the car killed ff the bicycle. We still want t enjy slwly frmed ideas and carefully-chsen wrds. Even in a fast-mving age, there is time fr slw reading.(实际上，旧技术可以与新技术共存。Kindle并没有消灭印刷书籍，就像汽车没有消灭自行车一样。我们仍然想要享受慢慢形成的思想和精心挑选的词语。即使在一个快速发展的时代，也有时间慢读)”可知，作者驳斥了这种观点，指出了慢阅读的重要性和好处，并指出科技不能改变人们对这种深度慢阅读的需求。故A项“Slw Reading is Here t Stay (慢阅读会一直存在)”是文章最佳标题。故选A。
Passage 18
（23-24高二下·重庆黔江·阶段练习）When scientists g t a frest t study mnkeys and their habits and behavirs, hw d they knw wh’s wh?
In the past, scientists had t make marks n each f the animals t distinguish them. But in the future, they may have a much easier way t tell them apart thanks t facial recgnitin technlgy.
A research team frm China’s Nrthwest University is using facial recgnitin technlgy t identify thusands f snub-nsed mnkeys that live n Qinling Muntain in Shaanxi prvince.
Similar t human facial recgnitin, the technlgy that is used t identify mnkeys uses their facial features t create a database that includes every mnkey, Xinhua reprted. “When the system is fully develped, we can cnnect it with cameras set up in the muntains. The system will autmatically recgnize the mnkeys, name them and analyze their behavir,” said Zhang He, a member f the research team. “Fr each snub-nsed mnkey, we have 700 t 800 image samples, and the recgnitin success rate is 94 percent,” Zhang added.
“We used mbile phnes and prtable cameras with the mnkeys in tests at distances ranging frm abut 3 t 10 meters,” said He Gang, a member f the research team and an assciate prfessr in the Cllege f Life Sciences at Nrthwest University. “There is n need t interfere with the mnkeys. Such a methd f sampling is clearly nn-invasive.”
Cmpared t humans, facial recgnitin technlgy fr mnkeys is mre cmplicated because f their hairier faces. The clr f their hair causes them t blend int their envirnment. These factrs make it harder fr cmputers t identify them.
“Mnkeys d nt cperate with researchers in the same way humans d. It is difficult t take high-quality pictures and vides f them, which are needed t imprve the system,” said Li Bagu, leader f the research team.
Currently, there are abut 4,000 snub-nsed mnkeys living n Qinling Muntain. The team’s gal is t successfully identify every mnkey that lives there.
64．What prblem d scientists face while studying mnkeys accrding t the text?
A．Hw t mark them.B．Hw t distinguish them.
C．Hw t understand their behavir.D．Hw t bserve them clearly
65．What des the article tell us abut facial recgnitin technlgy fr mnkeys?
A．It is nw widely adpted in China.
B．It wrks better than human facial recgnitin.
C．It will use mnkeys’ behavir t create a database.
D．It can help scientists study mnkeys withut disturbing them.
66．Accrding t the leader f the team, what is the difficulty in imprving the system?
A．Less cperative mnkeys.
B．Hard fr cmputers t identify the mnkeys.
C．phts and vides f high quality.
D．T many mnkeys t identify.
67．What is the authr’s main purpse in writing the article?
A．T intrduce a new way t identify mnkeys.
B．T shw the imprtance f studying mnkeys.
C．T cmpare different ways t identify mnkeys.
D．T explain difficulties in develping a new system.
【答案】64．B 65．D 66．A 67．A
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国西北大学的一个研究团队开发了一个面部识别系统，利用该技术来识别和区分陕西秦岭里的数千只金丝猴。
64．细节理解题。根据第一段“When scientists g t a frest t study mnkeys and their habits and behavirs, hw d they knw wh’s wh?(当科学家们去森林里研究猴子和它们的习惯和行为时，他们怎么知道谁是谁？)”可知，科学家在研究猴子的时候，遇到的最大的问题是如何区分猴子。故选B。
65．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“There is n need t interfere with the mnkeys. Such a methd f sampling is clearly nn-invasive.(没有必要干扰猴子。这种取样方法显然是非侵入性的。)”可知，猴脸识别技术可以帮助科学家在不打扰猴子的情况下研究它们。故选D。
66．
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“‘Mnkeys d nt cperate with researchers in the same way humans d. It is difficult t take high-quality pictures and vides f them, which are needed t imprve the system,’ said Li Bagu, leader f the research team.(‘猴子不像人类那样与研究人员合作。很难拍摄高质量的猴子照片和视频，这是改进系统所必需的，’研究小组组长李保国说。)”可知，改进系统的难处在于猴子不配合。故选A。
67．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“But in the future, they may have a much easier way t tell them apart thanks t facial recgnitin technlgy.(但在未来，由于面部识别技术，他们可能会有一种更容易的方法来区分他们。)”和第三段“A research team frm China’s Nrthwest University is using facial recgnitin technlgy t identify thusands f snub-nsed mnkeys that live n Qinling Muntain in Shaanxi prvince.(中国西北大学的一个研究小组正在使用面部识别技术来识别生活在陕西省秦岭的数千只金丝猴。)”可知，本文主要介绍了中国西北大学的一个研究小组开发的猴脸识别技术，用来识别和区分金丝猴，由此可推测出，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是介绍一种识别猴子的新方法。故选A。
Passage 19
（23-24高二下·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Dr. Jseph Dituri, wh is 55 and knwn as “Dr. Deep Sea”, has just finished an amazing adventure. Fr 100 days, the University f Suth Flrida scientist lived in a small rm underwater. He set a new wrld recrd, beating the ld recrd f 73 days.
The farther yu g belw the cean’s surface, the greater the pressure. The missin, knwn as Prject Neptune 100, was a scientific attempt t study the effects f living in a high-pressure envirnment fr a cntinuus perid. In his undersea rm, Dr. Dituri was living with pressure that was abut 66% greater than the pressure n the surface. He believed that high pressure culd help peple live lnger and stay healthier as they get lder and that it culd als help dctrs treat different medical prblems, including brain injuries.
Actually, Dr. Dituri went thrugh several big changes. Fr ne thing, he became 1.3 centimeters shrter during his time at the higher pressure undersea. He was als able t sleep much better. His physical cnditins greatly imprved in a cuple f ther ways, t.
While he was living underwater, Dr. Dituri stayed busy. He used the prject as an educatinal experience fr the yuth. “I have cmmunicated with thusands f yung peple t get them interested in science, technlgy, engineering and math,” he said. He had nline chats with ver 5,500 students frm 15 different cuntries. Meanwhile, he kept teaching his cllege classes and wrked with ther marine experts t figure ut ways t prtect and take care f the cean.
Dr. Dituri said his favrite part f the prject was talking with yung peple. “If we can get peple excited abut science, that wuld be a great success t me!” he said. “Maybe ne day, ne f them will cme back and break the recrd I just set. My greatest hpe is that I can inspire a new generatin f researchers t push back the bundaries.”
68．Why did Dr. Dituri have the adventure?
A．T learn hw human bdies respnd t high pressure.
B．T research the underwater life better.
C．T draw attentin t a healthy lifestyle.
D．T beat the previus wrld recrd.
69．What happened t Dr. Dituri?
A．His state f health stabilized.B．He was frced t live a busy life.
C．His height changed slightly.D．He suffered frm sleep prblems.
70．What des Dr. Dituri want t inspire yung peple t d thrugh the prject?
A．Develp enthusiasm fr science.B．Challenge themselves bravely.
C．Expand scientific bundaries.D．Prtect the cean actively.
71．Hw can we describe Dr. Dituri?
A．He is high-pwered and caring.B．He is determined and inspiring.
C．He is pen-minded and insightful.D．He is cmmitted and ptimistic.
【答案】68．A 69．C 70．A 71．B
【导语】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述为了探索高压环境对人体的影响，55岁的Dr. Dituri在水下特制的房间里成功生活了100天，创下了新的世界纪录。
68．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The farther yu g belw the cean’s surface, the greater the pressure. The missin, knwn as Prject Neptune 100, was a scientific attempt t study the effects f living in a high-pressure envirnment fr a cntinuus perid. (你越深入海底，压力就越大。这项名为‘海王星100号计划’（Prject Neptune 100）的任务是一项科学尝试，旨在研究连续一段时间生活在高压环境下的影响。)”以及“He believed that high pressure culd help peple live lnger and stay healthier as they get lder and that it culd als help dctrs treat different medical prblems, including brain injuries.(他认为，随着年龄的增长，高血压可以帮助人们活得更长、更健康，还可以帮助医生治疗各种医疗问题，包括脑损伤。)”可知，Dituri 博士参加这项惊人的冒险是为了了解连续一段时间生活在高压环境下对人体的影响，即人体对高压环境的反应。故选A。
69．细节理解题。根据第三段“Actually, Dr. Dituri went thrugh several big changes. Fr ne thing, he became 1.3 centimeters shrter during his time at the higher pressure undersea. He was als able t sleep much better. His physical cnditins greatly imprved in a cuple f ther ways, t.(事实上，Dituri博士经历了几次大的变化。首先，在海底高压环境中，他的身高变矮了1.3厘米。他也能睡得更好了。他的身体状况在其他几个方面也有了很大的改善。)”可知，在海底高压环境中，Dituri博士身高稍微变矮了点，睡眠更好，身体状况在其他几个方面也有了很大的改善。故选C。
70．细节理解题。根据第四段中“He used the prject as an educatinal experience fr the yuth. “I have cmmunicated with thusands f yung peple t get them interested in science, technlgy, engineering and math,” he said. (他把这个项目作为对年轻人的一次教育经历。他说：‘我和成千上万的年轻人交流，让他们对科学、技术、工程和数学感兴趣。’)”以及最后一段中“Dr. Dituri said his favrite part f the prject was talking with yung peple. “If we can get peple excited abut science, that wuld be a great success t me!” he said. “Maybe ne day, ne f them will cme back and break the recrd I just set. My greatest hpe is that I can inspire a new generatin f researchers t push back the bundaries.”(Dituri博士说，这个项目中他最喜欢的部分是与年轻人交谈。‘如果我们能让人们对科学感到兴奋，那对我来说将是一个巨大的成功! ’他说：‘也许有一天，他们中的一个会回来打破我刚刚创造的记录。我最大的希望是我能激励新一代的研究人员突破界限。’)”可知，Dituri博士想通过这个项目能够让年轻人对科学、技术、工程和数学感兴趣，激励年轻人培养对科学的热情。故选A。
71．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Dr. Jseph Dituri, wh is 55 and knwn as “Dr. Deep Sea”, has just finished an amazing adventure. Fr 100 days, the University f Suth Flrida scientist lived in a small rm underwater. He set a new wrld recrd, beating the ld recrd f 73 days.(55岁的约瑟夫·迪图里博士被称为“深海博士”，他刚刚完成了一次惊人的冒险。这位南佛罗里达大学的科学家在水下的一个小房间里住了100天。他创造了一项新的世界纪录，打破了73天的旧纪录。)”可知，Jseph Dituri博士意志非常坚定，他完成了一次惊人的冒险，在水下的一个小房间里住了100天，创造了一项新的世界纪录；由第四段中“He used the prject as an educatinal experience fr the yuth. “I have cmmunicated with thusands f yung peple t get them interested in science, technlgy, engineering and math,” he said. (他把这个项目作为对年轻人的一次教育经历。他说：‘我和成千上万的年轻人交流，让他们对科学、技术、工程和数学感兴趣。’)”以及最后一段中“Dr. Dituri said his favrite part f the prject was talking with yung peple. “If we can get peple excited abut science, that wuld be a great success t me!” he said. “Maybe ne day, ne f them will cme back and break the recrd I just set. My greatest hpe is that I can inspire a new generatin f researchers t push back the bundaries.”(Dituri博士说，这个项目中他最喜欢的部分是与年轻人交谈。‘如果我们能让人们对科学感到兴奋，那对我来说将是一个巨大的成功! ’他说：‘也许有一天，他们中的一个会回来打破我刚刚创造的记录。我最大的希望是我能激励新一代的研究人员突破界限。’)”可知，Dituri博士想通过这个项目能够激励年轻人对科学、技术、工程和数学感兴趣，培养对科学的热情；由此可知，Dituri博士是一位意志坚定的，且激励鼓舞人的科学家。故选B。
Passage 20
（23-24高二下·重庆·阶段练习）In the late 1930s, peple culd dnate bld, but very few hspitals culd stre it fr later use. Whle bld breaks dwn quickly, and there were n methds at the time fr safely preserving it. As a result, hspitals ften did nt have the apprpriate bld type when patients needed it. Charles Drew, a Black surgen and researcher, helped slve this mnumental prblem fr medicine, earning him the title “Father f the Bld Bank.”
In 1938, while btaining his dctrate in medicine, Drew became a fellw at Clumbia University’s Presbyterian Hspital in New Yrk. He studied the strage and distributin f bld, including the separatin f its cmpnents, and applied his findings t an experimental bld bank at the hspital.
As Drew was finishing his degree at Clumbia, Wrld War II was erupting in Eurpe. Great Britain was asking the United States fr desperately needed plasma (血浆) t help victims. Given his expertise, Drew was selected t be the medical directr fr the Bld fr Britain campaign. Using Presbyterian Hspital’s bld bank as a mdel, Drew established unifrm prcedures and standards fr cllecting bld and prcessing bld plasma frm nine New Yrk hspitals. The five-mnth campaign cllected dnatins frm 15,000 Americans and was cnsidered a success. His discveries and his leadership saved cuntless lives.
With the increasing likelihd that the natin wuld be drawn int war, the United States wanted t capitalize n what Drew had learned frm the campaign. He was appinted as the assistant directr f a three-mnth pilt prgram t mass-prduce dried plasma in New Yrk, which became the mdel fr the first Red Crss bld bank. His innvatins fr this prgram included mbile bld dnatin statins, later called bldmbiles.
72．What prblem did hspitals face in the late 1930s regarding bld dnatins?
A．The shrtage f bld dnrs.B．The inability t preserve bld.
C．The challenge f bld infectin.D．The failure t identify bld types.
73．Hw did Drew cntribute t the Bld fr Britain campaign?
A．He gathered different standards fr the bld cllectin.
B．He wrked n the bldmbiles fr easy access t dnrs.
C．He helped send life-saving drugs verseas t aid in the war.
D．He rganized the cllectin and prcessing f bld plasma.
74．Which f the fllwing best describes the three-mnth pilt prgram?
A．Grundbreaking.B．Unpredictable.C．Ecnmical.D．Cntrversial.
75．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The life f Dr. Charles Drew.B．The inventr f the Bld Bank.
C．A Savir f Lives during Wartime.D．A Pineer in Bld Transprtatin.
【答案】72．B 73．D 74．A 75．B
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”。
72．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the late 1930s, peple culd dnate bld, but very few hspitals culd stre it fr later use.(在20世纪30年代末，人们可以献血，但很少有医院能储存血液供日后使用。)”可知，在20世纪30年代末，医院面临的问题是无法储存血液。故选B。
73．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Using Presbyterian Hspital’s bld bank as a mdel, Drew established unifrm prcedures and standards fr cllecting bld and prcessing bld plasma frm nine New Yrk hspitals.(德鲁以长老会医院的血库为模型，制定了从纽约九家医院采集血液和处理血浆的统一程序和标准。)”可知，德鲁组织了血浆的收集和处理。故选D。
74．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“He was appinted as the assistant directr f a three-mnth pilt prgram t mass-prduce dried plasma in New Yrk, which became the mdel fr the first Red Crss bld bank. His innvatins fr this prgram included mbile bld dnatin statins, later called bldmbiles.(他被任命为一个为期三个月的试点项目的副主任，该项目在纽约大规模生产干血浆，成为第一个红十字会血库的模型。他在这个项目上的创新包括移动献血站，后来被称为血液移动站。)”可知，这个为期三个月的试点项目成为第一个红十字会血库的模型，德鲁在这个项目中贡献了创新方法，由此可推测出，这个试点项目具有开创性（grundbreaking）。故选A。
75．标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段最后一句“Charles Drew, a Black surgen and researcher, helped slve this mnumental prblem fr medicine, earning him the title ‘Father f the Bld Bank.’(黑人外科医生兼研究员查尔斯·德鲁帮助解决了医学界的这一重大问题，为他赢得了‘血库之父’的称号。)”可知，本文主要讲述了查尔斯·德鲁找到了处理和储存血液的新方法，还发明了移动献血站，帮助在第二次世界大战期间挽救了无数的生命，被称为“血库之父”，由此可推测出，B项“血库的发明者”最适合作本文标题。故选B。