【期中复习】2023-2024学年（人教版2019）高二英语下册专题训练 专题04非谓语动词（考点串讲）课件+讲义.zip

这是一份【期中复习】2023-2024学年（人教版2019）高二英语下册专题训练 专题04非谓语动词（考点串讲）课件+讲义.zip，文件包含期中复习2023-2024学年人教版2019高二英语册专题训练专题04非谓语动词考点串讲课件pptx、期中复习2023-2024学年人教版2019高二英语册专题训练专题04非谓语动词考点串讲docx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共45页， 欢迎下载使用。

一、非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
五、非谓语动词作补足语
六、非谓语动词作主语和表语
非谓语动词的形式及句法功能
1.主动形式与被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间往往存在主谓或动宾关系：与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时，用主动形式；与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时，用被动形式。Last night, there were millins f peple watching the pening ceremny live n TV.昨天晚上，有几百万人观看了开幕式的电视直播。The meeting t be held tmrrw is f great imprtance.明天举行的会议非常重要。
根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态。(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生，用非谓语动词的一般式。I culdn’t d my hmewrk with all that nise ging n.由于噪音不断，我没法做作业。(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，用非谓语动词的完成式。Having made pwder frm the rcks，then they fund a bright pink clr.从岩石中提炼出粉末后，他们发现了一种明亮的粉红色。
现在分词作状语，常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。His parents died, leaving him an rphan.他的父母去世了，他成了孤儿。
非谓语作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。
过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。Seriusly injured, she has t be sent t hspital at nce.她受了重伤，必须马上送往医院。
[点拨]　部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态。常见的词和短语有：lcated, seated, hidden, lst/absrbed/buried in, dressed in, tired f, faced with。Faced with numerus challenges, the gvernment is cnfident that Shanghai will vanquish COVID-19.尽管面对诸多挑战，政府对上海战胜冠状病毒充满信心。
(1)作目的状语，意为“为了；以便”。T enjy the cnvenience f digital payment, many senir citizens started t use smart phnes.为了享受数字支付的便利，许多老年人开始使用智能手机。(2)作结果状语，常用于nly t d结构中。Anxiusly, she tk the dress ut f the package and tried it n，nly t find it didn’t fit.她焦急地从包裹里拿出那件衣服试穿，却发现不合身。
[点拨]　动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的结果；而现在分词作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果。
(3)作原因状语，常用于“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构中。这类形容词有：happy, lucky, glad，srry，anxius，prud，disappinted，angry，surprised，ready，delighted，clever，flish，pleased，frtunate，right等。He was delighted t see that, with the natin’s help, Hng Kng’s daily infectins drpped last week t abut half f their peak.他高兴地看到，在国家的帮助下，香港上周的每日感染病例已降至峰值水平的一半左右。
[点拨]　在“主语＋系动词＋形容词＋t d”结构中，句子的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的被动关系，而不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义。在此结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词；若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。
1.现在分词作定语，表主动、正在进行；若表示被动且正在发生的动作用being dne结构。
Chinese tea-drinking culture has a lng histry dating back t mre than 1，000 years ag.中国的饮茶文化有着悠久的历史，可以追溯到1 000多年前。
2.过去分词作定语，表示被动、完成。
The university is knwn fr its language and culture curses intended fr internatinal students.这所大学以其为国际学生开设的语言和文化课程而闻名。The gardener is sweeping up fallen leaves in the park.园丁正在清扫公园里的落叶。
[点拨]　作定语的不及物动词的分词形式有ding和dne两种。ding 表示正在进行；dne 表示已经完成。
3.不定式作定语，表示动作尚未发生。
I was watching the clck all thrugh the meeting, as I had a train t catch.我在会议期间一直看表，因为我要赶火车。
4.动名词作定语，表示被修饰词的某种用途，在意义上相当于“名词＋fr＋ding”，此时动名词常置于被修饰词的前面。
N flying machine will fly frm New Yrk t Paris.没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
5.由序数词，the nly, the last, the next或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。He is always the first t bear hardships and the last t enjy cmfrts.他总是吃苦在前，享受在后。6.被修饰词是抽象名词时，常用不定式作定语。常见的这类名词有：ability, chance, idea, hpe, wish, fact, excuse, prmise, attempt, way 等。It is a chance t speed up reginal prgress tward achieving the Sustainable Develpment Gals.这是一个加速实现可持续发展目标的区域进展的机会。
1.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)
(1)三个希望两答应(hpe，wish，expect，agree，prmise)(2)两个要求莫拒绝(demand，ask，refuse)(3)设法学会做决定(manage，learn，decide/determine)(4)不要假装在选择(pretend，chse/select)(5)打算提出俩计划(intend，ffer，plan，mean)(6)申请失败负担起(apply，fail，affrd)(7)准备愿望又碰巧(prepare，desire，happen)(8)此外，happen，threaten，can’t wait等也要用不定式作宾语
I have decided t study engineering.我已经决定学工程学。[点拨]　allw，permit，advise后需加动名词作宾语，但如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用不定式作宾补，即allw/permit/advise ding/sb t d sth。
2.只能跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)
(1)喜欢考虑不避免(enjy，cnsider，escape，avid)(2)不禁放弃太冒险(cannt help，give up，risk)(3)感激承认不否认(appreciate，admit，deny)(4)介意想象莫推延(mind，imagine，delay，put ff)(5)允许完成是期望(allw/permit，finish，lk frward t)(6)建议继续勤操练(suggest，g n，practise)(7)致力原谅要坚持(be devted t，excuse，insist n)
(8)继续成功不错过(keep n，succeed in，miss)I avided mentining the subject in case he shuld be ffended.我避开提及这个话题，以免冒犯他。[点拨]　动词want，need，require作“需要”讲时，其后要用动词-ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有deserve(值得)。
1.不定式作宾语补足语
(1)带t的不定式作宾语补足语常见的有：ask, invite, want, encurage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, rder, frce, cause, allw, permit, frbid, warn, remind, teach, send, call n, wait fr, wuld like/lve/prefer等表示劝请、要求类动词。If we expect peple t give up the habit f driving，we must give them an alternative they can rely n.如果我们期望人们放弃开车的习惯，我们必须给他们一个可以依赖的替代品。
(2)不带t的不定式作宾语补足语常用动词(主动语态中)有：使役动词(make，let，have)；感官动词(see，watch，bserve，hear，ntice)。[点拨]　(1)有些动词，如think，cnsider，believe，suppse，feel，find，understand等后常用t be作宾补或主补。Chinese peple are cnsidered t be the mst hard-wrking peple in the wrld.中国人被认为是世界上最勤劳的人民。(2)在sb be said/believed/knwn/reprted/cnsidered/thught＋t d/t have dne结构中，用不定式作主语补足语。The president was reprted t have visited China.据报道，那位总统已经访问了中国。
2.现在分词作宾语补足语
表示主动、进行。常用现在分词作宾语补足语的有：feel, find, hear, ntice, bserve, see, watch, get, have, keep, leave, send, set, listen t, lk at等。I heard the clck striking eight when I wke up this mrning.今天早上醒来时，我听见钟敲了八下。After I arrived in America, I fund myself living in a cmpletely freign culture.当我到达美国后，我发现自己生活在一个完全陌生的文化中。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语
表示被动、完成。常用过去分词作宾语补足语的有：have, make, get, find, see, ntice, watch, hear, feel, want, like等。I fund myself carried ut t sea by a strng wind.我发现我被一阵强风刮到海上去了。
4.用于with复合结构
with＋宾语＋ding(表示主动且进行)/dne(表示被动且完成)/t d(表示将来)。He sat there，with his eyes lking at the sky.他坐在那里，眼睛看着天空。With his mind cncentrated n his wrk, he didn’t ntice my appearance.他专心于工作，没有注意到我的外表。With much wrk t d this afternn, Jack left hurriedly.由于今天下午还有很多工作要做，杰克匆匆忙忙地离开了。
5.常用不定式作主语补足语的句型
Sb/Sth be said/believed/knwn/suppsed/reprted/cnsidered/fund/thught＋t d/t have dne/t be dne/t have been dne＋其他。He is said t have gne abrad.＝It is said that he has gne abrad.据说他出国了。Heat is cnsidered t be a frm f energy.热能被认为是一种能量形式。Yu’re suppsed t pay the bill by Friday.你应该在星期五前付账。
五、非谓语动词作主语和表语
1.不定式作主语和表语
(1)不定式作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。T enter a gd university fr further study is my gal nw.进入一所好大学深造是我现在的目标。(2)不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。It’s rude t turn yur back t yur teacher and refuse t answer.背对着老师，拒绝回答问题是不礼貌的。(3)不定式作表语，主语往往是dream，gal，aim，purpse，plan 等表示意向、打算、计划的词。My dream is t becme a dctr after my graduatin frm university.我的梦想是大学毕业后当一名医生。
2.动名词作主语和表语
(1)动名词(短语)作主语时，可以直接放在句首，谓语动词常常用单数。Taking part in the English speech cmpetitin is a helpful way t learn English.参加英语演讲比赛是学习英语的一种很有帮助的方法。(2)有时用it作形式主语，常用于It is/was a waste (f...)/n use/n gd ding sth结构中。It’s n use arguing with him abut the questin, fr he wn’t change his mind.和他争论这个问题是没有用的，因为他是不会改变主意的。
(3)动名词作表语时相当于名词，用于解释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。My jb is cleaning the huse three times a week.(Cleaning the huse three times a week is my jb.)我的工作是每星期打扫三次房子。
过去分词作表语时位于系动词之后，多用于表示主语的状态或状况，所体现的是形容词的特征。I am pleased with the result f the experiment.我对实验结果很满意。The cup is brken.(强调杯子的状态)杯子破了。
【典例1】　During the Mid-Autumn Festival，family members ften gather tgether ________(share) a meal，admire the mn and enjy mn cakes.答案　t share　[句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。分析句子结构可知，句子为简单句，且谓语动词为gather，故空处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。]
【典例2】　Jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time ________(spend) with his students.答案　spent　[句意：吉姆已经退休，但他仍记得与学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，the happy time与spend是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。]
1.____________ (address) the prblems, Yan imprved Dai’s papermaking technlgy, thus saving prductin time and reducing labr bread is smeared with hney, ____________ (symblize) the wish fr a sweet the manned missin, the Tianzhu-4 rbtic carg spaceship will lift ff in May ____________ (transprt) supplies, experimental materials and fuel t the Tiangng (cmpare) with tday’s best supercmputers, Jiuzhang can calculate 100，000 billin times faster.
5.During the exhibitin, sme ther displays ____________(fcus) n the theme “Wild China & Beautiful Land” will be displayed in the Water Mid-autumn Festival is a harvest festival ____________ (bserve) n the 15th day f the 8th mnth f the Chinese lunar als tested the safety f supprting equipment, including China’s dmestically ____________ (prduce) Yaping is expected t becme the first Chinese wman ____________ (cnduct) a spacewalk.
9.The smke and the fire and all that stuff started cming.It started burning my eyes and ____________(hurt) my thrat, but I was still trying t get him Winstn, that wuld have meant ____________ (apprach) the guide dg being denied ____________ (bard) is just the tip f the iceberg, cmpared t the varius difficulties faced by the cuntry’s visually impaired ppulatin every day when they leave their ne pint, smene ffered ____________ (trade) me an alchlic beverage (饮料) and a glden feathered headdress fr my camera.
13.Then, I reached fr my daughter’s hand and asked her ____________(take) a walk in the the Qin dynasty，t keep the enemy ut f his empire，Emperr Qin Shihuang had all walls ____________ (jin) was als seen ________________(wave) the 11-year-ld ff at the schl gate as she walked int the , ne activist, dressed in a full-bdy mnkey suit, had arrived with a sign ____________ (praise) the filmmakers.
17.Rbert Owens felt ____________ (defeat) and helpless n Sunday as he waited in Luisiana’s capital lake appears _______________ (cver) as much as 80 square (map) the distributin f cave species culd act as additinal evidence fr researchers investigating past climate tk years f wrk ____________(reduce) the industrial pllutin and clean the water.
t have cvered
Let children learn 1.____________ (judge) their wn wrk.A child 2.____________(learn) t talk des nt learn by 3._______________ (crrect) all the time; if 4.____________(crrect) t much, he will stp talking.He ntices a thusand times a day the difference between his language and thers’ language.Bit by bit, he makes the right changes 5.____________(make) his language like ther peple’s.In the same way, children learn t d all the ther things.They learn t talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by cmparing their wn behavirs with thse f mre 6.____________ (skill) peple, and slwly make the
being crrected
1.Osman went t answer the phne，_____________________________________.奥斯曼去接电话，却发现比尔站在外面。2.That afternn, the three f us went fr a walk in the frest, cllecting different leaves and __________________________________________________________.那天下午，我们三个人去森林里散步，收集不同的树叶，享受友谊和陪伴的乐趣。3.A strng trrent，_________________________________________________， washed ver Je and nearly swallwed him.一股急流，加上骤雨，冲向乔，几乎要把他吞没。
nly t find Bill standing utside
enjying the pleasure f friendship and cmpaninship
cupled with the shwering rain