河南省邓州市部分学校2024届高三下学期一模考试英语试卷(含答案)

这是一份河南省邓州市部分学校2024届高三下学期一模考试英语试卷(含答案)，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，短文填空，书面表达，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。


一、阅读理解
Here are sme free nline classes that prvide yu with the pprtunity t make use f resurces frm sme f the wrld’s best universities.Envirnmental Science Lab
In this curse, yu’ll learn interesting new ways t test cncepts in envirnmental science such as pllutin, air quality, waste management and sustainability using husehld items in yur “hme labratry”. The curse features ten labs yu can perfrm at hme as well as supplementary reading materials frm the web that will explain the cncepts yu are testing.Wrkshps in End-f-Life Training
In this nline curse, yu will explre hw t prepare peple fr the death f a relative, hw t ease patient pain and hw t identify pain surces in family members and supprt staff thrugh the rle-playing demnstratins. Fr this curse, yu shuld have healthcare experience.Chinese I（Regular）
This curse is the first f tw that frm an intrductin t mdern standard Chinese, cmmnly called Mandarin. It allws undergraduate and graduate students t develp: basic cnversatinal abilities (prnunciatin, fundamental grammatical patterns, cmmn vcabulary, and standard usage); basic reading and writing skills in bth the traditinal character set and the simplified; and an understanding f the language learning prcess s that students can cntinue studying effectively n their wn.Law and Sciety
This curse explres the tpics that include understanding scial systems, legal reasning, and hw scial change impacts legal frms. Yu will develp a pint f view n hw law can becme a practical resurce, a mechanism fr handling a wide range f scial issues and cnflicts. This undergraduate level curse des nt require any prerequisites.
1．What des Envirnmental Science Lab highlight?
A. Free frms and bks.B. New and creative cncepts.
C. Hands-n experiments at hme.D. Hmemade experimental tls.
2．What can students learn frm Chinese I (Regular)?
A. Reasning skills.B. Sme Chinese dialects.
C. Different Chinese writing skills.D. Differences between Chinese and English.
3．What clumn f a website is the text prbably frm?
A. Educatin.B. Science.C. Culture.D. Entertainment.
Text message acrnyms (缩略词) caused plenty f cnfusin fr the lder generatins when mbile phnes became cmmnplace — nw emjis are making the embarrassment becme mre serius.
Slack, a wrkplace messaging service, surveyed 9,400 ffice wrkers wrldwide including 1,000 in the UK. It fund the biggest emji scially embarrassing actin r mistake at wrk was pictures f lips. Mst lder wrkers did nt realize the duble meaning f the peach emji, which fr yunger users means hips. Olivia Grace, a directr at Slack, said, “The findings f ur research are very clear — be careful when cmmunicating with emjis acrss generatins. Emjis ffer a great way t cmmunicate emtin, whether it’s a jke, supprt r smething else, but it’s gd t be aware that different meanings may exist t avid any awkward interpretatins.”
The simple smiling face was als a surce f misunderstanding — 60 percent f ver-40s used it t shw happiness r pleasure but a significant number f yunger wrkers used it t cnvey “deep anger”. An image f smene painting their nails was the mst cnfusing — it meant nthing t the lder generatin, while the under-25s said they used it t say “there is gssip”, and the 25- t 40-year-lds used it t cmmunicate making themselves mre beautiful. Hwever, all ages agreed n the meaning f sme emjis, such as a face with tears f laughter and a crying emji.
Speaking abut its reasns fr cnducting the survey, Slack said, “Are there certain emjis that shuld restrict yur bss frm using them? Have yur internatinal clleagues ever misunderstd an emji? And d yu usually wait t build a relatinship befre sending emjis at wrk?” It added that with thusands f emjis at users’ treatment, “there’s a lt f ptential” t cmmunicate by mistake.
Emjis are nt technically a frm f language, as they lack grammar. The riginal user f a particular emji has n n hw it is t be understd. The significance f emjis belngs t thse wh use them, and they have a truly valuable rle in written cmmunicatin.
4．What did Slack find abut emjis?
A. Acrnyms cause mre cnfusin than them.
B. Peple understand sme f them differently.
C. It’s ppular fr ffice wrkers t use them.
D. They can avid many awkward situatins.
5．Hw is the third paragraph develped?
A. By analyzing causes.B. By raising questins.
C. By fllwing time rder.D. By making cmparisns.
6．Why did Slack cnduct the survey?
A. T help peple use emjis prperly.B. T find riginal emjis.
C. T prve the cnvenience f emjis.D. T explain sme special emjis.
7．What is the authr’s attitude twards using emjis?
A. Unclear.B. Dismissive.C. Dubtful.D. Apprving.
Nature has the pwer t alter an element’s identity with time and space. This is evident by the transfrmative effect Britain’s deep cal mines have been shwing after decades f being ne f the biggest reasns fr pllutin. Nw, they’re being emplyed t supply green energy t the twn f Gateshead. The twn is the first place t experience smething like this in the cuntry, but the success f the phenmenn has encuraged the authrities t apply it t ther twns.
In 2021, cal was just prducing 2% f electricity in the UK. Mst f the electricity in the cuntry is being supplied thrugh il and gas. This has resulted in massive abandned cal mines all acrss the cuntry. As years went by, these mines were flded with water, making it a surce f gethermal（地热的） energy, which is used t generate heat and electricity. Gateshead hsts such a mine in its twn, whse cuncil, therefre, launched a mine water prject in March 2023.
The authrities put in a large central heat pump in the mine. Mine water can ften sit with a temperature f 45℃. The water is then pumped using appliances t hme heat pumps. The prcess increases the temperature further. The water then ges ahead and warms up the interir space and hme water supply. After the heat frm the water has been used, it’s sent back t the mine where it again ges thrugh the same prcess. The prject has been successful in supplying lw-carbn heating t 350 high-rise buildings, a cllege and several ffice buildings.
“Recvering heat frm mine water belw the grund within abandned cal mines prvides an exciting pprtunity t generate a lw-carbn secure supply f heat, benefitting peple living r wrking in buildings n the calfields,” said Gareth Farr, head f heat and by-prduct innvatin at the Cal Authrity.
The water resurces thrugh the mines are estimated t be tw billin cubic meters r half the amunt f water in Lch Ness. Farr added, “With many millins f peple living upn abandned calfields in Great Britain, the ptential fr mine water heat culd be significant.”
8．What des the twn f Gateshead feature?
A. It’s been ne f the mst heavily plluted areas.
B. It has the mst deep cal mines natinally.
C. It mainly relies n gethermal energy.
D. It is the first ne t reuse abandned cal mines.
9．Why were many cal mines abandned in the UK?
A. They were quite remte.B. Prices f cal declined a lt.
C. There weren’t enugh miners.D. The UK priritizes cleaner energy.
10．What is implied in the last paragraph?
A. The number f abandned cal mines is stably increasing.
B. The future f surcing energy frm cal mines is prmising.
C. The dependence n water resurces in the UK is decreasing.
D. The technique t take advantage f mine water is impressive.
11．What is the text mainly abut?
A. An innvative way t btain green energy.
B. A methd f living in harmny with nature.
C. A natinal prject fr abandned facilities.
D. A discussin n the future f cal mines.
These days, there’s barely a wrld leader wh desn’t talk up science. Fr example, the India’s Prime Minister was the main perfrmer at the annual Indian Science Cngress, held in Nagpur, where he encuraged the natin’s researchers t d the science needed t make India self-reliant.
The message t researchers is crystal clear: leaders see science as essential t natinal prsperity, well-being and, f curse, cmpetitiveness. S, is research fit fr the challenge f advancing, refining r critiquing these gals? Nt exactly. And it wn’t be until there is fundamental refrm t the gateway t a research career: PhD training.
As Nature and ther publicatins have frequently reprted, PhD training wrldwide has been in truble fr sme time. Students’ stipends (生活津贴) are nt enugh in mst cuntries, creating a cst-f-living crisis. Early-career researchers cnstantly reprt cncerns abut a cnstant lack f supprt and pr-quality supervisin, with senir researchers rarely trained in mentrship (指导).
Furthermre, PhD candidates are inadequately prepared fr the crss-disciplinary wrking and large teams that characterize cutting-edge science tday. This is especially true fr careers utside academic research, where the verwhelming majrity f PhD candidates will be heading.
It is nt all bad. Universities in a small number f high-incme cuntries have refrmed, r are refrming, PhD assessment. But in mst places, and especially in lw- and middle-incme cuntries, a candidate’s wrk is still evaluated using a single-authred paper. In many cuntries, candidates must publish in a jurnal befre they get a PhD, smething that critics say culd fuel prfitable publishing.
The system’s strains have becme mre bvius because the number f peple ding PhD training has been rising sharply. Accrding t the 2022 bk Twards a Glbal Cre Value System in Dctral Educatin, the number f PhDs awarded in India increased frm 17,850 in 2004 t 25,095 in 2016; US figures climbed frm 48,500 t 69,525 ver the same perid. If researchers are t meet sciety’s expectatins, their training and mentring must escape the nineteenth century.
12．Why is the India’s Prime Minister mentined in the first paragraph?
A. T indicate India’s serius scientific landscape.
B. T imply mre researchers are in great demand in India.
C. T shw leaders’ emphasis n scientific research.
D. T demnstrate mre and mre peple take an interest in science.
13．What des paragraph 3 mainly talk abut?
A. The refrms in science.B. The significance f mentrship.
C. The creatin f academic culture.D. The issues early-career researchers face.
14．Which f the fllwing best describes the authr’s pinin n PhD training?
A. Disappinted.B. Satisfied.C. Indifferent.D. Enthusiastic.
15．What des the authr mainly intend t express in the last paragraph?
A. PhD educatin is develping gradually.
B. The refrms in PhD training admit f n delay.
C. The number f PhDs awarded has increased in India and the US.
D. The demand fr researchers’ meeting sciety’s expectatins is pressing.
二、七选五
16．We knw that keeping an rganized space is a key factr in verall mental well-being. S, hw t tackle a big decluttering prject?
① _________
Much like clsing dwn a restaurant r retail stre fr the night, have a rutine fr the end f yur day that invlves sme easy, satisfying tasks. Maybe it’s having the cffee pt clean and ready t help yu wake up in the mrning.
Ntice yur “prblem” spts
Pay attentin t areas in yur hme that cnstantly demand attentin, like the bathrm shelf that always verflws with prducts. ② _________ . Ntice what is taking up mst f yur attentin, and then brainstrm easy slutins that can catch the issue befre it gets t big.
Set a timer
Five, eight, ten, r twenty minutes are all acceptable amunts f time t spend chipping away at an untidy area in yur hme. Prgress is prgress, whether it’s regular r ne-and-dne. ③ _________ . A decluttering prject des nt have t be finished in a day!
Get help
④ _________ . Define a specific jb t take n, like clearing ut a clset r dresser drawer, and bring in smene wh will supprt yu emtinally and even make it fun time tgether.
Embrace the physical activity
Maybe yu are struggling t fit a regular wrkut int yur rutine. Lean int the physical aspect f clutter-clearing t feel like yu’re meeting tw gals at nce by relcating bks r bringing clthes t the dnatin bin. ⑤ _________ — celebrate yurself fr getting mving while yu clean up.
A. Make cleaning an easy habit
B. Hire a hme rganizing prfessinal
C. Even washing the dishes is a physical activity
D. Be patient with the big picture f yur clutter-clearing needs
E. Dn’t ignre the snack packages that never make it t the trash can
F. Yu d nt have t be alne in yur jurney tward a clean hme
G. Yu’ll feel fulfilled when yu have a cmpletely clutter-free existence
三、完形填空（15空）
My 13-year-ld daughter sent a pstcard t us while we were still away n ur mst recent trip t Califrnia. It 1 ur huse abut a week later. The tuching 2 nearly brught me t tears.
“Even thugh we 3 have tw days f adventures ahead f us, I am just s 4 fr everything we have experienced tgether n this trip,” she writes.
Our yungest daughter is just abut t 5 11 years ld. In thse years, we have never taken a true 6 as a family f fur t a place we’ve never been. Like mst 7 , I have n idea where the time has gne. But I als think these are sme f the best ages t 8 with kids.
This vacatin t Califrnia was ur very first 9 , lng-distance trip tgether. The kids helped 10 the trip with input n things they might like t see and d. They reached fr ur hands in crwds. I can’t remember the last time they held ur hands 11 .
One f ur family bnding mments came when we tk a family surfing lessn. It was the first time any f us had tried surfing, althugh it was smething the girls had been 12 . The smiles n the girls’ faces were everything. They were s 13 when they std up n the bard and rde the waves ne by ne.
Thse are memries I’m ging t 14 . And yes, I will remind them f these times the next time I reach fr their 15 .
17．A. leftB. mentinedC. passedD. reached
18．A. nteB. diaryC. jurnalD. reprt
19．A. neverB. alreadyC. everD. still
20．A. inspiredB. srryC. gratefulD. nervus
21．A. dislikeB. matchC. turnD. remain
22．A. vacatinB. pictureC. walkD. lk
23．A. visitrsB. parentsC. writersD. educatrs
24．A. discussB. wrkC. travelD. celebrate
25．A. extendedB. unexpectedC. busyD. temprary
26．A. planB. recallC. imagineD. judge
27．A. hpefullyB. willinglyC. peacefullyD. curiusly
28．A. tired fB. interested inC. invlved inD. gd at
29．A. terrifiedB. sadC. prudD. careful
30．A. take upB. hld ntC. carry utD. knw abut
31．A. facesB. sulsC. handsD. letters
四、短文填空
32．Cnfucianism is a majr belief system that started in ancient China, ① _________ was develped by a thinker② _________ (name) Cnfucius. It’s nt a religin③ _________ the typical sense, but a set f mral, ethical, and scial guidelines.
Cnfucianism emphasizes respect fr elders, ④ _________ (devte) t family, and scial harmny. It als highly values educatin and prmtes persnal grwth. Central t Cnfucianism is the idea that human beings are fundamentally gd and⑤ _________ they can imprve thrugh self-cultivatin and self-creatin.
Anther key cncept in Cnfucianism is “Li”, which means “prper behavir”. It’s abut behaving⑥ _________ (crrect) in every scial situatin t maintain harmny and balance.
In additin, Cnfucianism prmtes the idea f “Ren”, r “humaneness”. It suggests that individuals shuld be⑦ _________ (sympathy) and kind twards thers, with a strng sense f duty and care fr peple in their cmmunity.
Cnfucianism has shaped the culture, scial structures, and histry f China and ther East Asian cuntries. It has played a huge rle in the develpment f their educatin systems, family structures, and gvernment systems. Tday, it⑧ _________ (cntinue) t have a deep influence, ⑨ _________ (guide) the behavirs and values f many peple. In essence, Cnfucianism is a pwerful philsphy that encurages respect, cmpassin, learning, and harmny in sciety. It’s a way f life that⑩ _________ (tuch) cuntless lives ver centuries.
五、书面表达
33．假定你是学校篮球队队长李华，请写封邮件告诉你的队友Sphia，球队将举行一场篮球友谊赛，内容包括：
1. 比赛信息；
2. 需携带的物品；
3. 询问她是否能参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Sphia,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Sarah was a kind girl wh lived near a big frest. She lved animals mre than anything else. The frest was her favrite place, where she liked t watch the animals.
One cld winter day, she fund a hurt deer caught in a trap. It lked awfully scared, and Sarah knew she had t help immediately. She went clse slwly and set the deer free. The deer seemed t knw that Sarah was kind, and they became friends. She named the deer Grace. She built a rugh shelter frm ld pieces f wd fr Grace.
Every day, Sarah went t see Grace. She brught fd, water, and bandages fr Grace’s hurt leg. Slwly, the leg gt better. They liked t spend time tgether. Sarah wuld read t Grace, and Grace wuld listen.
When spring came, Grace’s leg was all better. It was time fr her t g back t the wild. Saying gdbye was very hard fr Sarah. She hugged Grace and cried as she watched her g back t the frest. But she knew it was the right thing t d.
The years went by, and Sarah never frgt abut Grace. She wanted t keep helping animals, s she became an animal dctr fr wild animals. She helped many animals, but Grace was always special t her.
Their time tgether was filled with lve and trust. It changed Sarah’s life and helped her knw what she wanted t d. Every day, she thught abut Grace’s gentle eyes and their friendship. It made her want t help ther animals like she helped Grace.
Sarah’s stry with Grace was mre than just a girl and a deer. It was abut lve. trust, and understanding. It was abut knwing what is right and ding it, even when it’s hard. Mst f all, it was abut a friendship that lasted frever, in Sarah’s heart.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Several years later, while n a rescue missin in the same frest. Sarah nticed a deer with a familiar gleam in her eyes.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The stry f Sarah and Grace spread in the cmmunity, becming a symbl f human-animal empathy.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由文章Envirnmental Science Lab部分“In this curse, yu’ll learn interesting new ways t test cncepts in envirnmental science such as pllutin, air quality, waste management and sustainability using husehld items in yur “hme labratry”. The curse features ten labs yu can perfrm at hme as well as supplementary reading materials frm the web that will explain the cncepts yu are testing. (在本课程中，您将学习有趣的新方法来测试环境科学概念，如污染，空气质量，废物管理和可持续性使用家庭用品在您的“家庭实验室”。本课程包括十个你可以在家完成的实验，以及从网上获得的补充阅读材料，这些材料将解释你正在测试的概念。)”可知，环境科学实验室强调在家动手做实验。故选C。
2．答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由文章Chinese I（Regular）部分中“It allws undergraduate and graduate students t develp: basic cnversatinal abilities (prnunciatin, fundamental grammatical patterns, cmmn vcabulary, and standard usage); basic reading and writing skills in bth the traditinal character set and the simplified; and an understanding f the language learning prcess s that students can cntinue studying effectively n their wn. (它允许本科生和研究生发展：基本的会话能力（发音，基本语法模式，常用词汇和标准用法）；基本的繁体字和简体字读写能力；以及对语言学习过程的理解，使学生能够继续有效地自主学习。)”可知，学生可以从中学到不同的中文写法技巧。故选C。
3．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段“Here are sme free nline classes that prvide yu with the pprtunity t make use f resurces frm sme f the wrld’s best universities. (这里有一些免费的在线课程，让你有机会利用一些世界上最好的大学的资源。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一些免费的在线课程，故文章可能来自网站的教育栏目。故选A。
4．答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由文章第二段中“It fund the biggest emji scially embarrassing actin r mistake at wrk was pictures f lips. Mst lder wrkers did nt realize the duble meaning f the peach emji, which fr yunger users means hips. Olivia Grace, a directr at Slack, said, “The findings f ur research are very clear—be careful when cmmunicating with emjis acrss generatins. Emjis ffer a great way t cmmunicate emtin, whether it’s a jke, supprt r smething else, but it’s gd t be aware that different meanings may exist t avid any awkward interpretatins.” (研究发现，工作中最令人尴尬的表情符号行为或错误是嘴唇的图片。大多数年长的员工没有意识到桃子表情符号的双重含义，它对年轻用户来说意味着臀部。Slack的主管奥利维亚·格雷斯说：‘我们的研究结果非常明确——在跨代使用表情符号交流时要小心。表情符号提供了一种很好的情感交流方式，无论是笑话、支持还是其他什么，但最好意识到可能存在不同的含义，以避免任何尴尬的解释。’)”可知，Slack对表情符号的研究发现人们对其中一些的理解不同。故选B。
5．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由文章第三段“The simple smiling face was als a surce f misunderstanding—60 percent f ver-40s used it t shw happiness r pleasure but a significant number f yunger wrkers used it t cnvey “deep anger”. An image f smene painting their nails was the mst cnfusing—it meant nthing t the lder generatin, while the under-25s said they used it t say “there is gssip”, and the 25- t 40-year-lds used it t cmmunicate making themselves mre beautiful. Hwever, all ages agreed n the meaning f sme emjis, such as a face with tears f laughter and a crying emji. (简单的微笑也是误解的来源——60%的40岁以上的员工用它来表达幸福或快乐，但相当多的年轻员工用它来表达‘深深的愤怒’。最让人困惑的是有人在涂指甲的图片——这对老一辈的人来说毫无意义，而25岁以下的人说他们用它来表示‘有八卦’，而25岁到40岁的人则用它来交流，让自己变得更漂亮。然而，所有年龄段的人对一些表情符号的含义都是一致的，比如笑哭的脸和哭泣的表情符号。)”可知，第三段通过比较不同年龄段对于同一表情符号的理解来阐述表情符号会产生误解。故选D。
6．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。由文章第四段“Speaking abut its reasns fr cnducting the survey, Slack said, “Are there certain emjis that shuld restrict yur bss frm using them? Have yur internatinal clleagues ever misunderstd an emji? And d yu usually wait t build a relatinship befre sending emjis at wrk?” It added that with thusands f emjis at users’ treatment, “there’s a lt f ptential” t cmmunicate by mistake. (在谈到进行这项调查的原因时，Slack表示：‘有没有某些表情符号应该限制你的老板使用？你的国际同事有没有误解过表情符号？你通常会等到建立关系后再在工作中发送表情符号吗？’该公司补充说，由于用户可以随意使用数千个表情符号，因此错误沟通的‘可能性很大’。)”可知，Slack进行这项调查是为了帮助人们正确使用表情符号。故选A。
7．答案：D
解析：推理判断题。由文章最后一段中“Emjis are nt technically a frm f language, as they lack grammar. The riginal user f a particular emji has n n hw it is t be understd. The significance f emjis belngs t thse wh use them, and they have a truly valuable rle in written cmmunicatin.(从技术上讲，表情符号并不是一种语言，因为它们缺乏语法。特定表情符号的原始用户对如何理解该表情符号没有版权。表情符号的意义属于使用它们的人，它们在书面交流中发挥着真正有价值的作用。)”可知，作者对使用表情符号的态度是赞同的。故选D。
8．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“Nw, they’re being emplyed t supply green energy t the twn f Gateshead. The twn is the first place t experience smething like this in the cuntry, but the success f the phenmenn has encuraged the authrities t apply it t ther twns.(现在，他们受雇为盖茨黑德镇提供绿色能源。该镇是全国第一个体验到这种现象的地方，但这种现象的成功促使当局将其应用到其他城镇)”可知，该镇是全英国第一个重新利用废弃煤矿的国家。故选D。
9．答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中“In 2021, cal was just prducing 2% f electricity in the UK. Mst f the electricity in the cuntry is being supplied thrugh il and gas. This has resulted in massive abandned cal mines all acrss the cuntry. (2021年，煤炭仅占英国电力的2%。这个国家的大部分电力是通过石油和天然气供应的。这导致了全国各地大量的废弃煤矿)”可知，由于英国优先发展清洁能源，导致了全国各地大量的废弃煤矿。故选D。
10．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The water resurces thrugh the mines are estimated t be tw billin cubic meters r half the amunt f water in Lch Ness. Farr added, “With many millins f peple living upn abandned calfields in Great Britain, the ptential fr mine water heat culd be significant.”(据估计，通过这些矿山开采的水资源约为20亿立方米，相当于尼斯湖水量的一半。法尔补充说：“在英国，有数百万人生活在废弃的煤田里，矿井热水的潜力可能是巨大的。”)”可知，矿山开采的水资源数量巨大并且矿井热水的潜力可能是巨大的即从煤矿中获取能源的未来是有希望的。故选B。
11．答案：A
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段中“This is evident by the transfrmative effect Britain’s deep cal mines have been shwing after decades f being ne f the biggest reasns fr pllutin. Nw, they’re being emplyed t supply green energy t the twn f Gateshead. The twn is the first place t experience smething like this in the cuntry, but the success f the phenmenn has encuraged the authrities t apply it t ther twns.( 这一点在英国深层煤矿显示出了转变的效果，几十年来它们一直是污染的主要原因之一。现在，它们被用来为Gateshead镇提供绿色能源。这个镇是整个英国第一个经历这样一种现象的地方，但这一成功激励了当局将其应用到其他城镇)”以及通读全文可知，整篇文章主要介绍了利用废弃煤矿从地热水中获取绿色能源的创新方法。文章提到了Gateshead镇是第一个尝试这种方法的地方，还提到了项目的成功和潜力。因此，文章主要是关于一种获取绿色能源的创新方法。A选项“An innvative way t btain green energy.( 一种获得绿色能源的创新方式)”概括文章主要内容。故选A。
12．答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段“These days, there’s barely a wrld leader wh desn’t talk up science. Fr example, the India’s Prime Minister was the main perfrmer at the annual Indian Science Cngress, held in Nagpur, where he encuraged the natin’s researchers t d the science needed t make India self-reliant. (如今，几乎没有一个世界领导人不谈论科学。例如，印度总理是在那格浦尔举行的年度印度科学大会上的主要表演者，他鼓励该国的科学家从事使印度自力更生所需的科学工作)”可知，本段首先提出世界领导人几乎都会谈论科学，强调其重要性，然后提到印度总理的讲话内容，鼓励科学家从事国家自力更生所需的科学工作。由此推知，印度总理是作为例子来体现领导人对科研的重视。故选C项。
13．答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段“As Nature and ther publicatins have frequently reprted, PhD training wrldwide has been in truble fr sme time. Students’ stipends (生活津贴) are nt enugh in mst cuntries, creating a cst-f-living crisis. Early-career researchers cnstantly reprt cncerns abut a cnstant lack f supprt and pr-quality supervisin, with senir researchers rarely trained in mentrship (指导). (正如《自然》和其他出版物经常报道的那样，一段时间以来，世界范围内的博士培养一直陷入困境。在大多数国家，学生的生活津贴不够，造成了生活成本危机。早期职业研究人员不断报告对持续缺乏支持和低质量监督的担忧，而高级研究人员很少接受过指导培养)”可知，本段主要介绍了世界范围内的博士培养陷入的困境，这些早期职业研究人员面临着生活成本危机、缺乏支持、监督低质量等问题。故选D项。
14．答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“And it wn’t be until there is fundamental refrm t the gateway t a research career: PhD training. (除非对通往研究职业的大门——博士培养——进行根本性改革，否则这一切都不会发生)”、第三段中“As Nature and ther publicatins have frequently reprted, PhD training wrldwide has been in truble fr sme time. (正如《自然》和其他出版物经常报道的那样，一段时间以来，世界范围内的博士培养一直陷入困境)”和第四段中“Furthermre, PhD candidates are inadequately prepared fr the crss-disciplinary wrking and large teams that characterize cutting-edge science tday. (此外，博士候选人对当今尖端科学的跨学科工作和大型团队准备不足)”可知，作者认为博士培养面临着困境，候选人没有为未来的工作做好充分准备，该培养需要进行根本性改革。由此可知，作者对博士培养很失望。故选A项。
15．答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“The system’s strains have becme mre bvius because the number f peple ding PhD training has been rising sharply. Accrding t the 2022 bk Twards a Glbal Cre Value System in Dctral Educatin, the number f PhDs awarded in India increased frm 17,850 in 2004 t 25,095 in 2016; US figures climbed frm 48,500 t 69,525 ver the same perid. If researchers are t meet sciety’s expectatins, their training and mentring must escape the nineteenth century. (由于攻读博士学位的人数急剧上升，这一体系的压力变得更加明显。根据2022年出版的《迈向博士教育的全球核心价值体系》一书，印度获得博士学位的人数从2004年的17850人增加到2016年的25095人；同期，美国的数字从485000攀升至69525。如果研究人员要满足社会的期望，他们的培养和指导必须摆脱19世纪的模式)”可知，作者认为攻读博士学位的人数的上升加剧了博士培养体系的压力，这种体系需要做出改变才能满足社会的期望。由此可知，作者想表达博士培养改革刻不容缓。故选B项。
16．答案：①-⑤AEDFC
解析：①后文“Much like clsing dwn a restaurant r retail stre fr the night, have a rutine fr the end f yur day that invlves sme easy, satisfying tasks.(就像晚上关闭餐馆或零售商店一样，为一天的结束实施一个例行程序，包括一些简单的、令人满意的任务)”主要建议为每天制定简单的例行清理程序，空处作为段落标题，需和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的形式，且应该和例行清理程序有关。因此A项“Make cleaning an easy habit(让清理成为一种简单的习惯)”符合语境，建议养成清理的习惯，契合段落内容，其中的habit和后文的rutine呼应。故选A。
②标题“Ntice yur “prblem” spts (注意你的“问题”点)”和前文“Pay attentin t areas in yur hme that cnstantly demand attentin, like the bathrm shelf that always verflws with prducts. (注意家里那些经常需要注意的地方，比如总是堆满了东西的浴室的架子)”主要建议关注家里常出现清理问题的地方，并进行举例说明，空处应该也和具体的常出现问题的地方有关。因此E项“Dn’t ignre the snack packages that never make it t the trash can (不要忽视那些永远也进不了垃圾桶的零食包装)”符合语境，指出要注意零食包装的清理，承接前文。故选E。
③前文“Prgress is prgress, whether it’s regular r ne-and-dne.(进步就是进步，不管是常规的还是一次性的)”强调要肯定自己在清理上的进步，后文“A decluttering prject des nt have t be finished in a day!(清理工作不是一天就能完成的)”指出清理工作不能操之过急，空处应该和耐心进行清理有关。因此D项“Be patient with the big picture f yur clutter-clearing needs (对你清理杂乱的需求要有耐心)”符合语境，提醒保持耐心，承前启后。故选D。
④标题“Get help (寻求帮助)”表明本段主要建议可以和他人一起做清理工作，后文“Define a specific jb t take n, like clearing ut a clset r dresser drawer, and bring in smene wh will supprt yu emtinally and even make it fun time tgether.(确定一项具体的工作，比如清理衣柜或梳妆台的抽屉，找一个能在情感上支持你的人，甚至能让你们在一起变得有趣)”具体描述如何和他人一起做清理工作，空处作为段首句，应该大致说明不用一个人做清理。F项“Yu d nt have t be alne in yur jurney tward a clean hme(在通往干净家园的旅程中，你不必独自一人)”符合语境，指出不用独自一人打扫出干净的家，呼应标题，引出后文。故选F。
⑤前文“Lean int the physical aspect f clutter-clearing t feel like yu’re meeting tw gals at nce by relcating bks r bringing clthes t the dnatin bin.(全身心投入清理杂务的体力活动中，就好像通过把书或衣服放到捐赠箱里，你同时达到两个目标)”指出清理杂务的体力活动可以一举两得，后文“celebrate yurself fr getting mving while yu clean up(为自己在打扫的时候动起来而庆祝一下)”说明这样做很好，值得庆祝，空处应该和具体的理杂务的体力活动有关。因此C项“Even washing the dishes is a physical activity(甚至洗碗也是一项体力活动)”符合语境，举出洗碗的例子，承接前文，引出后文的庆祝。故选C。
17．答案：D
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一个星期后，它到达了我们家。A. left离开；B. mentined提到；C. passed通过；D. reached到达。根据前文的“My 13-year-ld daughter sent a pstcard t us while we were still away n ur mst recent trip t Califrnia.”可知，一家人去加州旅行时，13岁的女儿寄了一张明信片。大约一个星期后，明信片到达了作者的家。故选D项。
18．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：这感人的短笺几乎使我落泪。A. nte短笺，记录；B. diary日记；C. jurnal杂志；D. reprt记述。根据前文的“sent a pstcard”可知，这是一张明信片，上面有短短几行发自内心感触的字。故选A项。
19．答案：D
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：她写道：“尽管我们还有两天的冒险之旅，但我很感激我们在这次旅行中共同经历的一切。”A. never从不；B. already已经；C. ever曾经；D. still还。根据后文的“have tw days f adventures ahead f us”可知，冒险之旅还有两天。故选D项。
20．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她写道：“尽管我们还有两天的冒险之旅，但我很感激我们在这次旅行中共同经历的一切。”A. inspired受到启发的；B. srry惭愧的；C. grateful感激的；D. nervus焦虑的。这次假期，一家人关系更亲密，所以孩子很感激在这次旅行中共同经历的一切。故选C项。
21．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们最小的女儿即将达到11岁。A. dislike不喜欢；B. match匹配；C. turn达到（一定年龄或时间）；D. remain保持。根据后文的“11 years ld”可知，最小的女儿即将满11岁。故选C项。
22．答案：A
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那些年里，我们一家四口从来没有去过一个我们从未去过的地方度过一次真正的假期。A. vacatin假期；B. picture图片；C. walk走；D. lk看，样子。根据前文的“we have never taken a true”和后文“This vacatin t Califrnia”可知，作者说一家人从未去从未去过的地方度过一次真正的假期，后文转而谈论这次假期的意义。故选A项。
23．答案：B
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：像大多数父母一样，我不知道时间都去哪儿了。A. visitrs访客；B. parents父母；C. writers作家；D. educatrs教育工作者。作者像大多数父母一样，不知道时间都去哪儿了，最小的孩子都快11岁了，作者说一家人从未去从未去过的地方度过一次真正的假期。故选B项。
24．答案：C
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我也认为这是和孩子一起旅行的最佳年龄。A. discuss讨论；B. wrk工作；C. travel旅行；D. celebrate庆祝。根据前文的“My 13-year-ld daughter sent a pstcard t us while we were still away n ur mst recent trip t Califrnia.”可知，作者认为这是和孩子一起旅行的最佳年龄，所以出去旅行了。故选C项。
25．答案：B
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次去加州的假期是我们第一次意想不到的长途旅行。A. extended扩展了的；B. unexpected出乎意料的；C. busy忙碌的；D. temprary短暂的。这次假期，作者一家有出乎意料的收获。故选B项。
26．答案：A
解析：考查动词词义辨析。句意：孩子们帮助计划旅行，输入他们可能喜欢看和做的事情。A. plan计划；B. recall回忆；C. imagine想象；D. judge判断。根据后文的“the trip with input n things they might like t see and d”可知，孩子输入他们可能喜欢看和做的事情，这是他们在帮助计划旅行。故选A项。
27．答案：B
解析：考查副词词义辨析。句意：我都不记得上次他们心甘情愿地牵着我们的手是什么时候了。A. hpefully有希望地；B. willingly心甘情愿地；C. peacefully和平地；D. curiusly好奇地。根据前文的“They reached fr ur hands in crwds.”可知，他们在人群中向父母伸出手，这是他们心甘情愿地牵着父母的手。故选B项。
28．答案：B
解析：考查固定短语辨析。句意：这是我们第一次尝试冲浪，尽管女孩们对冲浪很感兴趣。A. tired f厌倦；B. interested in感兴趣；C. invlved in涉及；D. gd at擅长。根据后文的“The smiles n the girls’ faces were everything.”可知，女孩们脸上的笑容说明女孩们对冲浪很感兴趣。故选B项。
29．答案：C
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们站在冲浪板上，一个接一个地冲浪时，他们感到非常自豪。A. terrified吓坏了的；B. sad悲伤的；C. prud骄傲的；D. careful仔细的。女孩们脸上的笑容，说明她们非常自豪。故选C项。
30．答案：B
解析：考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些都是我要留住的记忆。A. take up拿起；B. hld nt保住，守住；C. carry ut执行；D. knw abut了解。根据前文的“Thse are memries I’m ging t”可知，作者想留住这些记忆。hld nt memries“留住记忆”。故选B项。
31．答案：C
解析：考查名词词义辨析。句意：是的，下次我牵起他们的手时，我会提醒他们这些时刻。A. faces脸；B. suls灵魂；C. hands手；D. letters信。根据前文的“They reached fr ur hands in crwds”和下文“the next time I reach fr their”可知，他们在人群中向父母伸出手，下次作者要向孩子们伸出手。故选C项。
32．答案：①which②named③in④devtin⑤that⑥crrectly⑦sympathetic⑧cntinues⑨guiding⑩has tuched
解析：①考查定语从句。句意：儒家思想是起源于古中国的主要信仰体系，由一位名叫孔子的思想家发展而来。本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 Cnfucianism，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，关系词用which。故填which。
②考查非谓语动词。句意：儒家思想是起源于古中国的主要信仰体系，由一位名叫孔子的思想家发展而来。本句谓语为was develped，此处为非谓语动词，本空用过去分词作后置定语，修饰thinker，thinker与name“命名，叫”之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词。故填named。
③考查固定短语。句意：它不是一种典型意义上的宗教，而是一套道德、伦理和社会准则。此处考查固定短语in the sense意为“在……意义上”。故填in。
④考查名词。句意：儒家思想强调尊重长辈、家庭奉献和社会和谐。本空用名词作宾语，devte名词形式devtin符合题意，是不可数名词，devtin t意为“对……的奉献”。故填devtin。
⑤考查同位语从句。句意：儒家思想的核心思想是，人类本质上是善良的，并且可以通过自我修养和自我创造来提升自己。本空引导同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，是完整的句子，所以用that引导。故填that。
⑥考查副词。句意：它是关于在每一个社会场合中正确的行为，以保持和谐与平衡。本空用副词修饰动词behave，crrect的副词形式crrectly符合题意，意为“正确地”，作状语。故填crrectly。
⑦考查形容词。句意：它建议个人应该同情和善待他人，对社区中的人有强烈的责任感和关怀。本空用形容词，作表语，sympathy的形容词形式sympathetic符合题意，意为“有同情心的”。故填sympathetic。
⑧考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天，它仍然有着深远的影响，指导着许多人的行为和价值观。结合语境和Tday可知本句陈述事实，故时态用一般现在时，且主语为it，故谓语cntinue“继续”用第三人称单数形式。故填cntinues。
⑨考查非谓语动词。句意：今天，它仍然有着深远的影响，指导着许多人的行为和价值观。本句谓语为cntinues，此处为非谓语动词，应用guide“指导”的现在分词作状语。故填guiding。
⑩考查时态和主谓一致。句意：几个世纪以来，这种生活方式感动了无数人。分析句子结构可知，that引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a way f life，指物，关系词that代替先行词在从句中作主语，结合时间状语ver centuries可知，tuch“感动”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has tuched。
33．答案：Dear Sphia,
Hw are yu ding? Recently, an imprtant basketball game will be held in ur schl stadium. S, as captain f the team, I, n behalf f all ur team members, am writing t infrm yu f sme relevant details abut it.
First and fremst, the cmpetitin t be held will begin at 2 p.m. this Saturday and last fr rughly 3 hurs. S significant is the game that it is required that everyne shuld present themselves ahead f time. In additin, each player is required t wear apprpriate basketball shes, shrts and a blazer.
I wnder if yu can attend n time. Please reply t me at yur earliest cnvenience
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
解析：1.词汇积累
最近：recently→ lately
重要的：imprtant→ significant
通知，告知：infrm → tell
相关的：relevant→ related
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Recently, an imprtant basketball game will be held in ur schl stadium.
拓展句：Recently, it is an imprtant basketball game that will be held in ur schl stadium.
【高分句型1】First and fremst, the cmpetitin t be held will begin at 2 p.m. this Saturday and last fr rughly 3 hurs.（运用了不定式t be held作定语）
【高分句型2】I wnder if yu can attend n time.（运用了if引导的宾语从句）
34．答案： Several years later, while n a rescue missin in the same frest. Sarah nticed a deer with a familiar gleam in her eyes. The deer std beside her, lking at her with gentle eyes. Sarah felt s excited that she std rted t the spt. The deer nudge her playfully with its nse, and then Sarah regained her senses. She quickly brught sme fresh fruits and vegetables t the deer and let it drink clean drinking water. After spending a pleasant afternn here, the dear returned t the frest.
The stry f Sarah and Grace spread in the cmmunity, becming a symbl f human-animal empathy. Frm that day n, Sarah settled in the frest, and the deer became a regular visitr t Sarah’s backyard. Sarah always prepared the best fds t feed the deer and created a cmfrtable place fr it t rest in during the day. While taking care f the deer, Sarah was als caring fr animals in need. The backyard became a playgrund fr varius animals. During the interactins with animals, Sarah felt happy and a sense f achievement. She hped that such days culd last frever.
解析：1.段落续写
①由第一段句首内容“几年后，在同一片森林执行救援任务时。萨拉注视着一只鹿，眼睛里闪烁着熟悉的光芒。”可知，第一段可以描写萨拉和格蕾丝见面时的动作和心理活动。
②由第二段句首内容“萨拉和格蕾丝的故事在社区里传开了。成为人类与动物共情的象征。”可知，第二段可以描写萨拉和格蕾丝接下来的相处和萨拉对其他动物的照顾。
2.续写线索：看到鹿—相认—返回—故事传开—更多保护
3.词汇激活
行为类
①恢复：regain/restre
②返回：return/g back
③准备好：prepare/gear up
情绪类
①激动的：excited/agitat
②愉快的：pleasant/delightful
【高分句型1】The deer std beside her, lking at her with gentle eyes. ( 运用了现在分词短语lking at作状语)
【高分句型2】Sarah felt s excited that she std rted t the spt.( 运用了that引导的结果状语从句)
【高分句型3】While taking care f the deer, Sarah was als caring fr animals in need. (运用了While引导的时间状语从句的省略)